WO2013147076A1 - インテグリンα8β1の機能を阻害する事による線維化の抑制 - Google Patents
インテグリンα8β1の機能を阻害する事による線維化の抑制 Download PDFInfo
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- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2839—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the integrin superfamily
- C07K16/2842—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the integrin superfamily against integrin beta1-subunit-containing molecules, e.g. CD29, CD49
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- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2839—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the integrin superfamily
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- C07K2317/34—Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
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- C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antifibrotic agent.
- Fibrosis is generally known as a disease caused by a tissue that hardens and loses its normal function when a connective tissue containing collagen or the like grows and is replaced with a normal tissue. It occurs in the liver, lungs, kidneys, heart, skin, etc. For example, when a large amount of fibrosis occurs in liver tissue, cirrhosis results.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes the results of examining gene expression in lungs that developed fibrosis. According to the results, 178 genes were highly expressed in fibrotic lung tissue, and about 1000 genes were highly expressed unless caught by a significant difference (p ⁇ 0.01 in TNoM and Student's t-test). is doing.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes that integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 was highly expressed in lungs that developed fibrosis.
- Patent Document 1 describes an antibody that inhibits the binding of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 and its ligand.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 and Patent Document 1 do not describe the results of treating fibrosis. Fibrosis is a particularly difficult disease to treat among various diseases. It tells us that there is only one existing marketed therapeutic to the best of our knowledge. One of them is the general name pirfenidone (Shionogi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). Moreover, even that single therapeutic agent is a therapeutic agent approved only in Japan, and the US FDA has not been approved as an ineffective drug.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a novel and effective antifibrotic agent.
- the inventors of the present application in 1) fibrosis model mice 1) improvement of fibrosis findings in histopathological images, 2) collagen ⁇ 1 (I) and smooth muscle actin ( ⁇ -SMA) Suppression of increase in gene expression level or protein level 3) Suppression of increase in hydroxyproline level reflecting the amount of collagen accumulated as an index of fibrosis. In order to suppress this, it was effective to administer a substance that inhibits the function of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 the increase / decrease and distribution pattern of gene expression in fibrotic tissues were examined.
- the amount and distribution may change because the molecules do not necessarily require the action of the molecule, but share the expression regulation mechanism with other molecules. Therefore, there are generally many molecules whose expression is enhanced in one disease state.
- the integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 no one has been able to show functional evidence related to fibrosis in the past, but the present inventors have revealed this for the first time in the examples described later. In this example, it was surprising that at the animal level, a clear change (improvement) in histopathological findings and suppression of the above indicators were observed.
- an antifibrotic agent comprising an integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antagonist is provided. If this antifibrotic agent is used, fibrosis can be suppressed.
- the present invention also provides an antifibrotic agent comprising an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that specifically binds to at least one amino acid in the cap subdomain of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain and its peripheral region. If this antifibrotic agent is used, fibrosis can be suppressed.
- a therapeutic agent for a disease that occurs with the progression of fibrosis including an integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antagonist. If this therapeutic agent is used, the disease which arises with the progress of fibrosis can be treated.
- fibrosis can be suppressed by using a novel and effective antifibrotic agent.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of thawing a human ⁇ 9-introduced chicken cell line with a surfactant and immunoprecipitation with an anti-human ⁇ 9 antibody Y9A2.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of FACS analysis using a human ⁇ 9-introduced chicken cell line and anti-human ⁇ 9 antibody Y9A2.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of FACS analysis by reacting the integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 wild type, R120 mutant, and P161 mutant with the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of thawing a human ⁇ 9-introduced chicken cell line with a surfactant and immunoprecipitation with an anti-human ⁇ 9 antibody Y9A2.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of FACS analysis using a human ⁇ 9-introduced chicken cell line and anti-human ⁇ 9 antibody Y9A2.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of FACS analysis by reacting the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody or control ⁇ 8 antibody according to the Example with the R120 mutant (stable expression strain) of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1.
- FIG. 5 shows the results obtained by measuring the inhibitory activity against the integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example.
- FIG. 6 shows the results obtained by measuring the cross-reactivity of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to Example to human and mouse sputum integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 by FACS analysis.
- FIG. 5 shows the results obtained by measuring the inhibitory activity against the integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example.
- FIG. 6 shows the results obtained by measuring the cross-reactivity of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to Example to human and mouse sputum integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 by FACS analysis.
- FIG. 7 shows the results obtained by measuring the cross-reactivity of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to Example to human and rat sputum integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 by FACS analysis.
- FIG. 8 shows the result of alignment of R120 of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 derived from each tumor organism and the amino acid sequence of the surrounding region.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the administration schedule of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the Example to the BDL mouse.
- FIG. 10 is a photograph of a liver section of a BDL mouse stained with Masson trichrome when the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example is administered or not.
- FIG. 11 shows the results of measuring the expression levels of Col ⁇ 1 (I) and ⁇ -SMA in the liver of a BDL mouse when the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example is administered or not.
- FIG. 12 shows the results of measuring the hydroxyproline content in the liver of BDL mice when the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example is administered or not.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the administration schedule of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example to CCl 4 mice.
- FIG. 14 is a photograph of a liver section of CCl 4 mice stained with Masson trichrome when the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example is administered or not.
- FIG. 15 shows the results of measuring the protein expression level of ⁇ -SMA in the liver of a CCl 4 mouse when the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example was administered or not.
- FIG. 16 shows the results of measurement of hydroxyproline content in the liver of CCl 4 mice when the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example was administered or not.
- FIG. 17 is a view for explaining the administration schedule of an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to Example to a pulmonary fibrosis mouse.
- FIG. 18 is a photograph of lung sections of pulmonary fibrosis mice stained with HE when the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example is administered or not.
- FIG. 19 shows the results of measuring the expression levels of Col ⁇ 1 (I) and ⁇ -SMA in the lungs of pulmonary fibrosis mice when the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example was administered or not.
- FIG. 20 shows the results of measuring the change in body weight of pulmonary fibrosis mice when the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example was administered or not.
- FIG. 21 shows the results of measurement of hydroxyproline content in the lungs of pulmonary fibrosis mice when the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example was administered or not.
- FIG. 22 shows the results obtained by measuring the inhibitory activity against anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the example.
- FIG. 23 shows the results of FACS analysis of the cross-reactivity of anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibodies according to Examples to human and mouse sputum integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the results of FACS analysis by reacting the integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 S132 mutant (stable expression strain) with the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody or control ⁇ 8 antibody according to Example.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a novel antifibrotic agent.
- This antifibrotic agent is, for example, an antifibrotic agent including an antagonist of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1.
- An integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antagonist can inhibit fibrosis, as demonstrated in the examples described below. Therefore, fibrosis can be suppressed by using an antifibrotic agent having the above configuration.
- fibrosis is typically known as a disease caused by the growth of connective tissue composed of collagen or the like and the replacement of the tissue with normal tissue, resulting in loss of normal function due to tissue hardening. Yes. For example, it occurs in the liver, lungs, kidneys, heart, skin, and the like. For example, when a large amount of fibrosis occurs in the liver tissue, cirrhosis is caused. In addition to cirrhosis, malignant tumors may develop in each tissue as fibrosis progresses.
- integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 is a receptor protein that is typically present on the cell membrane surface as a heterodimer composed of an ⁇ chain and a ⁇ chain.
- DNA sequence and amino acid sequence of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 refer to, for example, GenBank, which is a database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
- the amino acid sequence of the ⁇ chain may be the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, for example.
- the amino acid sequence of the ⁇ chain may be, for example, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.
- the ⁇ chain and the ⁇ chain include a form including or not including a signal peptide. Examples of the ligand include osteopontin, fibronectin, vitronectin, and tenascin.
- the form of the antagonist is not particularly limited, but an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that inhibits the binding between integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 and a ligand is preferable.
- an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that specifically binds to at least one amino acid in the cap subdomain of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain and its peripheral region is preferable.
- the antagonist is preferably an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that specifically binds to R120 of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain and its peripheral region, or S132 and its peripheral region.
- the antagonist is preferably an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that can bind to any integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 derived from human, mouse, or rat.
- the antagonist is preferably an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that inhibits the function of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1.
- the antagonist is preferably an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that has no binding property to the R120K mutant or S132A mutant of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain and has binding property to the wild type of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain.
- the antagonist comprises that the heavy chain CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprise the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and the light chain CDRs 1, 2, and 3 are SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and An anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody comprising 6 amino acid sequences is preferred.
- the antagonist is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that inhibits the binding between integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 and its ligand, and may be, for example, an antibody, a protein, a low molecular compound, a high molecular compound, or a nucleic acid.
- one embodiment of the present invention is an antifibrotic agent comprising an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that specifically binds to R120 of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain and its peripheral region, or S132 and its peripheral region.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that specifically recognizes R120 of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain and its surrounding region, or S132 and its surrounding region, can suppress fibrosis, as demonstrated in Examples described later. Therefore, fibrosis can be suppressed by using an antifibrotic agent having the above configuration.
- one embodiment of the present invention is an anti-fibrotic agent comprising an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that specifically binds to at least one amino acid in the cap subdomain of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain, or the amino acid and its peripheral region. If this antifibrotic agent is used, fibrosis can be suppressed.
- An embodiment of the present invention also includes an anti-fibrotic agent comprising an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that has no binding to the R120K mutant or S132A mutant of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain and has binding to the wild type of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain. It is. Anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that does not bind to the integrin ⁇ 8 chain R120K mutant or S132A mutant and binds to the wild type of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain, as demonstrated in the examples below, fibrosis. Can be suppressed. Therefore, fibrosis can be suppressed by using an antifibrotic agent having the above configuration.
- One embodiment of the invention also includes an anti-fibrin comprising an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that is not binding to one or more cap subdomain variants of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain and has binding to the wild type of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain.
- Agent If this antifibrotic agent is used, fibrosis can be suppressed.
- the integrin ⁇ 8 chain cap subdomain variant is a mutant integrin ⁇ 8 chain in which at least one amino acid in the cap subdomain is mutated.
- an antibody that does not bind to a cap subdomain mutant only needs to have binding ability to at least one mutant, and an amino acid in a cap subdomain different from that mutant is mutated. It may have a binding property to the mutant.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an antifibrotic agent comprising a polynucleotide encoding an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that inhibits the function of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that inhibits the function of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 can suppress fibrosis, as demonstrated in Examples described later. Therefore, if an antifibrotic agent having the above-described configuration is used, fibrosis can be suppressed as a result of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody being expressed from the polynucleotide.
- one embodiment of the present invention is an antifibrotic agent comprising an integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antagonist precursor.
- An integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antagonist can inhibit fibrosis, as demonstrated in the examples described below. Therefore, if an antifibrotic agent having the above-described configuration is used, fibrosis can be suppressed as a result of the formation of the antagonist from the precursor.
- one embodiment of the present invention is an antifibrotic agent comprising an integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 function inhibitor. Inhibiting the function of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 can suppress fibrosis, as demonstrated in the examples described below. Therefore, fibrosis can be suppressed by using an antifibrotic agent having the above configuration.
- one embodiment of the present invention is a method for suppressing or treating fibrosis using the antagonist or anti-fibrotic agent according to this embodiment. According to this method, by suppressing fibrosis, it is possible to treat a disease that occurs with the progression of fibrosis or fibrosis.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a collagen accumulation inhibitor containing an antagonist of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1. Or it is the method of suppressing accumulation of collagen.
- the antagonist of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 can suppress the accumulation of collagen as demonstrated in the examples described later. Therefore, if a collagen accumulation inhibitor having the above-described configuration is used, collagen accumulation can be suppressed.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an expression inhibitor of collagen ⁇ 1 (I) or ⁇ -SMA containing an antagonist of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1.
- it is a method of suppressing the expression of collagen ⁇ 1 (I) or ⁇ -SMA.
- the antagonist of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 can suppress the expression of collagen ⁇ 1 (I) and ⁇ -SMA, as demonstrated in Examples described later. Therefore, the expression of collagen ⁇ 1 (I) or ⁇ -SMA can be suppressed by using the collagen ⁇ 1 (I) or ⁇ -SMA expression inhibitor having the above-described configuration.
- GenBank etc. can be referred for the amino acid sequence and DNA sequence of collagen ⁇ 1 (I) and ⁇ -SMA.
- one embodiment of the present invention is a hydroxyproline production inhibitor containing an integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antagonist. Or it is the method of suppressing the production of hydroxyproline.
- the antagonist of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 can suppress the production of hydroxyproline, as demonstrated in the examples described below. Therefore, if the hydroxyproline production inhibitor which has the said structure is used, the production of hydroxyproline can be suppressed.
- the quantification of hydroxyproline may be performed, for example, according to the procedure described in the examples below, or in “Inayama et al., Keio J Med. Vol.27, No.1, 43-46 (1978)”. You may carry out by the method of description.
- the collagen ⁇ 1 (I) or non-normal cell expressing the integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 and having an increased expression level of collagen ⁇ 1 (I) or ⁇ -SMA compared to normal cells a method for inhibiting the expression of ⁇ -SMA, comprising a step of bringing an antagonist of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 into contact with the non-normal cell. According to this method, the disease can be suppressed by inhibiting the expression of collagen ⁇ 1 (I) or ⁇ -SMA.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for inhibiting the production of hydroxyproline in an abnormal tissue that expresses integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 and has an increased amount of hydroxyproline produced as compared to a normal tissue.
- a method comprising the step of contacting an antagonist of ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 and the non-normal tissue. According to this method, the disease can be suppressed by inhibiting the production of hydroxyproline.
- R120 of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain and its peripheral region represent the amino acid sequence at positions 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, or 126 of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain.
- the containing region is preferred. Alternatively, it may be a region containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain.
- the peripheral region is not particularly limited as long as it includes a region that becomes an epitope of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody.
- the above-mentioned positions 114 to 126 are positions calculated based on the integrin ⁇ 8 chain when the signal peptide is included.
- positions 114 to 126 above are positions 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, and 88.
- the amino acids corresponding to may be respectively represented.
- the specific binding of an antibody to a specific region includes recognition of the specific region as an epitope by the antibody. Recognizing as an epitope includes recognizing as a part of an epitope. That an antibody specifically binds to a specific amino acid and its peripheral region includes that the antibody specifically recognizes and binds to the specific amino acid and its surrounding three-dimensional structure.
- S132 of integrin ⁇ 8 chain and its peripheral region represent the amino acid sequence at positions 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, or 138 of integrin ⁇ 8 chain. It may be an area to include.
- the 126th to 138th positions are positions calculated based on the integrin ⁇ 8 chain when the signal peptide is included. Therefore, when the integrin ⁇ 8 chain does not contain a signal peptide, positions 126 to 138 are positions 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, and 100.
- the amino acids corresponding to may be respectively represented.
- the peripheral region of the amino acid is, for example, a region recognized by the antibody according to the present embodiment as an epitope.
- the peripheral region of the amino acid may include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 amino acids before and after the amino acid as long as the antibody recognizes it as an epitope.
- the cap subdomain of the integrin ⁇ chain may contain cap subdomain inserts 1 to 4.
- the ⁇ chain site to which the antibody according to this embodiment binds is preferably in the insert 1 from the viewpoint of stably suppressing fibrosis.
- Insert 1 is, for example, integrin ⁇ chain 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, or 132. It may be a rank.
- the above-mentioned positions 113 to 132 may mean amino acids corresponding to positions 75 to 94, respectively.
- Insert 2 is, for example, at positions 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, or 171 of the integrin ⁇ chain. Also good. When the integrin ⁇ 8 chain does not contain a signal peptide, the above positions 154 to 171 may mean amino acids corresponding to positions 116 to 133, respectively. Insert 3 may be, for example, at position 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, or 199 of the integrin alpha chain.
- the above positions 187 to 199 may mean amino acids corresponding to positions 149 to 161, respectively.
- Insert 4 is, for example, at position 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, or 250 of the integrin alpha chain. Also good.
- the above positions 233 to 250 may mean amino acids corresponding to positions 195 to 212, respectively.
- An example of the position of the cap subdomain of the integrin family is described, for example, in Xiao et al., Nature. 2004 Nov 4; 432 (7013): 59-67.
- the state in which the function of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 is inhibited by the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody is, for example, that the amount of binding when reacting integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 with its ligand is significantly reduced compared to normal.
- Significantly decreased may be, for example, a state in which the amount of binding is 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.01, or 0 times.
- This magnification may be equal to or less than any one of the values exemplified here, or within the range of any two values.
- the function of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 is particularly clearly inhibited, it is preferably reduced to 0.5 times or less, more preferably 0.1 times or less.
- the amount of binding is measured by, for example, contacting the integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1-expressing cells with a plate on which a ligand is immobilized, and measuring the number of adhered cells by absorbance after staining, as in the method described in the Examples below. May be.
- “significantly” may include, for example, a case where statistical significance is evaluated using Student's t test (one-sided or two-sided) and p ⁇ 0.05. Or the state in which the difference has arisen substantially is included.
- the state in which the antibody does not bind to the antigen includes a state in which the antibody does not completely bind to the antigen, or a state in which the binding amount of the antibody to the antigen is extremely low.
- the binding property between the antibody and the antigen may be measured by, for example, flow cytometry analysis (FACS) analysis after reacting the antibody and the antigen-expressing cell.
- FACS analysis is an analysis method that typically determines the characteristics of a cell by irradiating a cell flowing in a flow cell with laser light and measuring parameters from forward scattered light and side scattered light from the cell.
- the antibody when the peak when the antibody and the antigen-expressing cell are reacted is substantially or not significantly different from the peak when the antibody and the non-antigen-expressing cell are reacted, the antibody It may be determined that there is no connectivity.
- the antibody binds to the antigen when the peak when the antibody and the antigen-expressing cell react is substantially or significantly changed compared to the peak when the antibody and the non-antigen-expressing cell react. It may be determined that the state has sex.
- the state having no binding property is a state in which the binding rate constant (Ka) measured by the surface plasmon resonance measuring apparatus is 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, or 0.01 times that of the case having binding property. Also good. This magnification may be equal to or less than any one of the values exemplified here, or within the range of any two values.
- the state where gene expression is inhibited includes the state where gene expression is significantly inhibited. Alternatively, it may be 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100% inhibited. This ratio may be greater than or equal to any one of the values exemplified here, or may be within the range of any two values. From the viewpoint of suppressing fibrosis, 50% or more is preferable, and 70% or more is more preferable. Or, for example, the expression level is 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.01, or 0 times lower than the expression level of the gene in the tissue in which fibrosis occurs. May be.
- This magnification may be equal to or less than any one of the values exemplified here, or within the range of any two values. From the viewpoint of suppressing fibrosis, it is preferably reduced to 0.5 times or less, more preferably 0.1 times or less.
- the state in which the gene expression level is suppressed is the same as the state in which the gene expression level is decreased.
- the state where the production of hydroxyproline is inhibited includes the state where the production of hydroxyproline is significantly inhibited. Alternatively, it may be 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100% inhibited. This ratio may be greater than or equal to any one of the values exemplified here, or may be within the range of any two values. Or, for example, it includes a state in which the amount of hydroxyproline produced in the tissue in which fibrosis occurs is reduced 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, or 0 times. This magnification may be equal to or less than any one of the values exemplified here, or within the range of any two values. From the viewpoint of suppressing fibrosis, it is preferably reduced to 0.9 times or less. In the present specification, the state where the production amount of hydroxyproline is suppressed is the same state as the state where the production of hydroxyproline is inhibited.
- the increase includes, for example, a state where the increase is 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 5, 10, or 40 times.
- This magnification may be greater than or equal to any one of the values exemplified here, or may be within the range of any two values.
- the precursor of the ligand includes a substance that can have the same structure as the ligand as a result of a structural change caused by reaction with an arbitrary substance in vivo or in vitro.
- amino acid is a general term for organic compounds having an amino group and a carboxyl group.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a “specific amino acid sequence”
- any amino acid in the amino acid sequence may be chemically modified. Even in such a case, it can be said that the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the above-mentioned “specific amino acid sequence”.
- N-terminal modification for example, acetylation, myristoylation, etc.
- C-terminal modification for example, amidation, glycosylphosphatidylinositol addition, etc.
- side chain modification for example, phosphorylation, sugar chain addition, etc.
- the polynucleotide includes a polynucleotide or a base, or an equivalent thereof composed of a plurality of bonded forms.
- Nucleotides and bases include DNA bases or RNA bases.
- the equivalents include, for example, DNA bases or RNA bases that have undergone chemical modification such as methylation, or nucleotide analogs.
- Nucleotide analogs include unnatural nucleotides.
- the “base sequence” is a sequence of nucleotides constituting the polynucleotide or an equivalent thereof. In the description of the base sequence, A, T, G, and C include adenine and its equivalent, thymine and its equivalent, guanine and its equivalent, cytosine and its equivalent, respectively.
- T and U can be interchanged with each other according to the application.
- Polynucleotides can be synthesized using a DNA / RNA synthesizer. In addition, it can be purchased from a DNA base or RNA base synthesis contract company (for example, Invitrogen). The polynucleotide may be a vector or a plasmid.
- vectors examples include plasmids derived from Escherichia coli (for example, pET-Blue), plasmids derived from Bacillus subtilis (for example, pUB110), plasmids derived from yeast (for example, pSH19), animal cell expression plasmids (for example, pA1-11), ⁇ phage, etc.
- Bacteriophages, virus-derived vectors and the like can be used.
- These vectors may contain components necessary for protein expression, such as a promoter, a replication origin, or an antibiotic resistance gene.
- the vector may be an expression vector.
- a cell can be transformed with a polynucleotide or a vector encoding the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention can be produced by a method known in the art.
- the transformant may be a cell of a human or other mammal (eg, rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, cow, monkey, etc.). Examples of mammalian cells include Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO cells), monkey cells COS-7, and the like. Alternatively, the transformant may be Escherichia genus, yeast or the like.
- the introduction of the above polynucleotide or vector into cells and the production of antibodies can be performed according to methods known in the art.
- a method for introducing a polynucleotide or vector into a cell for example, calcium phosphate method, lipofection method, electroporation method, adenovirus method, retrovirus method, microinjection, etc. can be used (Revised 4th edition: Xinjiang Genetic Engineering Handbook) , Yodosha (2003): 152-179.).
- a production method using antibody cells for example, the method described in "Protein Experiment Handbook, Yodosha (2003): 128-142.” Can be used.
- Antibody purification methods include, for example, ammonium sulfate, ethanol precipitation, protein A, protein G, gel filtration chromatography, anion, cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxyl chromatography Apatite chromatography, lectin chromatography, or the like can be used (Protein Experiment Handbook, Yodosha (2003): 27-52.).
- bond means a connection between substances.
- the linkage can be either covalent or non-covalent, and includes, for example, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, or hydrophilic interactions.
- recognition in an antigen-antibody reaction can be used in the meaning usually used in the field of antibody engineering, and includes, for example, the meaning of specific binding.
- one or more may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 20 or more, or a range of any of these It may be within.
- the origin of the integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 to which the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention binds is not particularly limited, but human, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, rat, mouse, rabbit, pig, sheep, cow, horse, cat, dog, Any one or more of marmoset, monkey, and chimpanzee may be used.
- humans are preferable from the viewpoint of using anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody as a therapeutic agent.
- mice and rats are preferred.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention may be a monoclonal antibody. If it is a monoclonal antibody, it can be made to act on integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 more efficiently than a polyclonal antibody.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention may be an antibody fragment having antigen binding activity (hereinafter also referred to as “antigen-binding fragment”).
- antigen-binding fragment an antibody fragment having antigen binding activity
- there are effects such as an increase in stability or an increase in antibody production efficiency.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention may be an antibody that binds to a wild-type or mutant type of integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1. Variants include those resulting from differences in DNA sequences between individuals. However, the integrin ⁇ 8 chain R120K mutant or S132A mutant preferably has no binding property.
- the amino acid sequence of the wild type or mutant ⁇ chain preferably has 80% or more homology, more preferably 90% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, particularly preferably. Has a homology of 95% or more.
- the amino acid sequence of the wild-type or mutant ⁇ chain preferably has 80% or more homology, more preferably 90% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, particularly preferably Has a homology of 95% or more.
- the class of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, or IgE.
- heavy chain CDR1, 2, and 3 comprise the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and light chain CDR1, 2, and 3 are represented by SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, respectively.
- an anti-fibrotic agent comprising an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody comprising 6 amino acid sequences.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody containing this specific amino acid sequence can suppress fibrosis as demonstrated in Examples described later. Therefore, fibrosis can be suppressed by using an antifibrotic agent having the above configuration.
- the heavy chain CDR1, 2, and 3 comprise the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12, respectively, and the light chain CDR1, 2, and 3 are represented by SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14 respectively. And an anti-fibrotic agent comprising an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody comprising 15 amino acid sequences. If this antifibrotic agent is used, fibrosis can be suppressed. Also, in one embodiment of the present invention, the heavy chain CDR1, 2, and 3 comprise the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18, respectively, and the light chain CDR1, 2, and 3 are represented by SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, respectively. And an anti-fibrotic agent comprising an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody comprising 21 amino acid sequences. If this antifibrotic agent is used, fibrosis can be suppressed.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody whose amino acid sequence is specified may have some degree of deletion, substitution, addition or the like.
- An antibody in which such deletion, substitution, addition or the like has been made can be produced, for example, by site-directed mutagenesis, random mutagenesis, or biopanning using an antibody phage library.
- site-specific mutagenesis method for example, KOD -Plus- Mutagenesis Kit (TOYOBO CO., LTD.) Can be used. It is possible to select an antibody having the same activity as that of the wild type from mutant antibodies into which deletions, substitutions, additions and the like have been introduced by performing various characterizations such as FACS analysis and ELISA.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody has a function of inhibiting the binding between integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 and its agonist, one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted or added as compared to the wild type. It may be an antibody comprising the amino acid sequence. Alternatively, as long as it has a function of inhibiting the binding between integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 and its agonist, it may be an antibody comprising an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity compared to the wild type. Alternatively, as long as it has a function of inhibiting the binding between integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 and its agonist, it hybridizes under stringent conditions to a nucleic acid comprising a base sequence complementary to the base sequence encoding the wild-type amino acid sequence. It may be an antibody comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by the base sequence of the nucleic acid to be soybeans.
- the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 5, 10, 14, 16, or 20 has a function of inhibiting the binding between the integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 and its agonist
- the amino acid sequence of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody An amino acid sequence in which one or two amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted or added.
- the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, or 21 indicates that the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody binds integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 to its agonist.
- it may be an amino acid sequence in which 1, 2 or 3 amino acids of each amino acid sequence are deleted, substituted, inserted or added.
- the “plurality” may be 15, 10, 8, 6, 4, or 2, It may be less than any of those values. The smaller the number, the better. This is because the smaller the “plurality”, the closer to the original anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody.
- a polypeptide that has been deleted, added, inserted, or substituted by another amino acid residue of one or more amino acid residues maintains its biological activity (Mark et al ., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Sep; 81 (18): 5562-5666., Zoller et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Oct 25; 10 (20): 6487-6500., Wang et al. , Science. 1984 Jun 29; 224 (4656): 1431-1433.).
- the amino acid side chain properties include hydrophobic amino acids (A, I, L, M, F, P, W, Y, V), hydrophilic amino acids (R, D, N, C, E, Q, G, H, K, S, T), an amino acid having an aliphatic side chain (G, A, V, L, I, P), an amino acid having a hydroxyl group-containing side chain (S, T, Y), a sulfur atom-containing side chain Amino acids (C, M) having carboxylic acid and amide-containing side chains (D, N, E, Q), amino acids having base-containing side chains (R, K, H), and aromatic-containing side chains (H, F, Y, W) may be mentioned (the parentheses represent single letter symbols of amino acids). Substitutions
- “90% or more” used for representing amino acid sequence identity may be, for example, 90, 95, 98, 99, or 100%. Alternatively, it may be greater than or within the range of any one of them. A larger number is preferable. This is because the greater the “90% or more”, the closer to the original anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody.
- the identity may be calculated according to a method known in the art, based on the ratio of the number of amino acids identical in the amino acid sequence between two or more. Before calculating the ratio, the amino acid sequences of the amino acid sequences to be compared are aligned, and a gap is introduced into a part of the amino acid sequence if necessary to maximize the same ratio. Methods for alignment, percentage calculation, comparison methods, and related computer programs are well known in the art (eg, BLAST, GENETYX, etc.). In the present specification, “identity” can be expressed by a value measured by BLAST of NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) unless otherwise specified. Blastp can be used with the default setting for Algorithm when comparing amino acid sequences with BLAST. Measurement results are quantified as Positives or Identities.
- the following conditions can be adopted as stringent conditions.
- Use low ionic strength and high temperature for washing eg, 50 ° C., 0.015 M sodium chloride / 0.0015 M sodium citrate / 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate
- a denaturing agent such as formamide (eg, at 42 ° C., 50% (v / v) formamide and 0.1% bovine serum albumin / 0.1% ficoll / 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone / 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, And 750 mM sodium chloride, 75 mM sodium citrate) or (3) 20% formamide, 5 ⁇ SSC, 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.6), 5 ⁇ Denhardt's solution, 10% dextran sulfate, and 20 mg / ml denaturation Incubate overnight at 37 ° C.
- formamide eg, at 42 ° C., 50% (v / v) formamide and 0.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody comprises a heavy chain, VH, heavy chain CDR1 to 3 or heavy chain FR1 to 4 encoded by the plasmid of the accession number NITE BP-824, NITE BP-826, or NITE BP-828. You may go out. Alternatively, it may contain a light chain, VL, light chain CDR1 to 3 or light chain FR1 to 4 encoded by the plasmid of accession number NITE BP-825, NITE BP-827, or NITE BP-829.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody may be an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that can be obtained from a cell containing the plasmid of the accession number NITE BP-824, NITE BP-826, or NITE BP-828.
- the cell may further contain a plasmid having a deposit number of NITE BP-825, NITE BP-827, or NITE BP-829.
- the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody is obtained from a cell containing a vector encoding the heavy chain or VH of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody encoded by the plasmid of the accession number NITE BP-824, NITE BP-826, or NITE BP-828. It may be an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody.
- This vector may further encode the light chain or VL of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody encoded by the plasmid of the accession number NITE BP-825, NITE BP-827, or NITE BP-829.
- the cell may further contain a vector encoding the light chain or VL of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody encoded by the plasmid of the accession number NITE BP-825, NITE BP-827, or NITE BP-829.
- the plasmid size of the above-mentioned accession number NITENBP-824 is about 6.8 kbp.
- the size of the region encoding the heavy chain of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody is approximately 1.7 kbp.
- the plasmid size of the accession number NITE BP-825 is about 6.5 kbp.
- the size of the region encoding the light chain of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody is about 1 Kbp.
- an antibody includes a molecule or population thereof that can specifically bind to a particular epitope on an antigen.
- the antibody may be a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody.
- the antibody can exist in various forms, for example, Fv, Fab, F (ab ′) 2 , Fab ′, diabody, single chain antibody (for example, scFv), dsFv, multispecific antibody ( (E.g., bivalent specific antibody), peptide or polypeptide having antigen binding properties, chimeric antibody (e.g., mouse-human chimeric antibody, etc.), mouse antibody, humanized antibody, human antibody, or equivalents (or equivalents) 1 or more types selected from the group consisting of:
- the antibody includes an antibody modified product or an antibody unmodified product. In the modified antibody, an antibody and various molecules such as polyethylene glycol may be bound.
- the modified antibody can be obtained by chemically modifying the antibody using a known technique.
- a polyclonal antibody is an immunogen containing an antigen of interest in mammals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, cows, monkeys, etc.), birds, etc., in order to induce the production of polyclonal antibodies specific for the antigen. Can be produced.
- Administration of the immunogen may involve infusion of one or more immunizing agents and, if desired, an adjuvant.
- Adjuvants may be used to increase the immune response and may include Freund's adjuvant (complete or incomplete), mineral gel (such as aluminum hydroxide), or surfactant (such as lysolecithin) .
- Immunization protocols are known in the art and may be performed by any method that elicits an immune response, depending on the host organism chosen (Protein Experiment Handbook, Yodosha (2003): 86-91). .).
- Monoclonal antibodies include cases where the individual antibodies that make up the population are antibodies that substantially correspond to a single epitope, except for antibodies that have mutations that can occur naturally in small quantities. Alternatively, the individual antibodies that make up the population may be antibodies that are substantially identical except for antibodies that have mutations that can occur naturally in small amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific and differ from normal polyclonal antibodies, which typically include different antibodies corresponding to different epitopes. In addition to its specificity, monoclonal antibodies are useful in that they can be synthesized from hybridoma cultures that are not contaminated by other immunoglobulins.
- the form “monoclonal” may be characterized as being derived from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies, but does not mean that the antibodies must be produced in any particular way.
- the monoclonal antibody in the present specification is prepared by a method similar to the hybridoma method described in “Kohler G, Milstein C., Nature. 1975 Aug 7; 256 (5517): 495-497.”. May be.
- the monoclonal antibody used in the present invention may be produced by a method similar to the recombinant method as described in US Pat. No. 4,816,567.
- the monoclonal antibody herein can be expressed as “Clackson et al., Nature.
- Fv is an antibody containing an antigen recognition site.
- This region contains a dimer of one heavy chain variable domain and one light chain variable domain by non-covalent bonds.
- the three CDRs of each variable domain can interact to form an antigen binding site on the surface of the VH-VL dimer.
- Fab is a fragment obtained by treating an antibody containing the Fab region and Fc region with the proteolytic enzyme papain, and approximately half of the N-terminal side of the H chain and the entire L chain are linked via a part of disulfide bonds.
- Antibody. Fab can be obtained, for example, by treating the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to an embodiment of the present invention containing a Fab region and an Fc region with the proteolytic enzyme papain.
- F (ab ′) 2 is, for example, an antibody containing two sites corresponding to Fab among fragments obtained by treating an antibody containing Fab region and Fc region with proteolytic enzyme pepsin.
- F (ab ′) 2 can be obtained, for example, by treating the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention containing the Fab region and the Fc region with the proteolytic enzyme pepsin. For example, it can be prepared by linking the following Fab ′ with a thioether bond or a disulfide bond.
- Fab ′ is, for example, an antibody obtained by cleaving a disulfide bond in the hinge region of F (ab ′) 2 .
- F (ab ′) 2 can be obtained by treating with a reducing agent dithiothreitol.
- ScFv is an antibody in which VH and VL are linked via an appropriate peptide linker.
- scFv obtains cDNA encoding VH and VL of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention, constructs a polynucleotide encoding VH-peptide linker-VL, and incorporates the polynucleotide into a vector Can be produced using cells for expression.
- Diabody is an antibody having a bivalent antigen-binding activity.
- the bivalent antigen binding activity can be the same, or one can be a different antigen binding activity.
- diabody constructs a polynucleotide encoding scFv so that the length of the amino acid sequence of the peptide linker is 8 residues or less, incorporates the obtained polynucleotide into a vector, and produces it using expression cells. it can.
- DsFv is an antibody in which a polypeptide in which a cysteine residue is introduced into VH and VL is bound via a disulfide bond between the cysteine residues.
- the position to be introduced into the cysteine residue should be selected based on the three-dimensional structure prediction of the antibody according to the method shown by Reiter et al. (Reiter et al., Protein Eng. 1994 May; 7 (5): 697-704.) Can do.
- An antigen-binding peptide or polypeptide is an antibody comprising antibody VH, VL, or CDR1, 2, or 3 thereof.
- Peptides containing multiple CDRs can be linked directly or via a suitable peptide linker.
- Fv etc. DNA encoding a region such as Fv in the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention can be incorporated into an expression vector and produced using an expression cell. Alternatively, it may be produced by a chemical synthesis method such as Fmoc method (fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl method) or tBOC method (t-butyloxycarbonyl method).
- Fmoc method fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl method
- tBOC method t-butyloxycarbonyl method
- the antigen-binding fragment may be one or more of Fv and the like.
- Chimeric antibodies are typically those in which variable regions of antibodies between heterologous organisms and antibody constant regions are linked, and can be easily constructed by gene recombination techniques.
- Methods for producing chimeric antibodies are known in the art.
- a mouse-human chimeric antibody can be produced by the method described in “Roguska et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Feb 1; 91 (3): 969-973.”.
- the basic method for producing a mouse-human chimeric antibody is, for example, encoding the mouse leader sequence and variable region sequence present in the cloned cDNA, the human antibody constant region already present in the expression vector of a mammalian cell.
- the mouse leader sequence and variable region sequence present in the cloned cDNA may be linked to a sequence encoding a human antibody constant region and then linked to a mammalian cell expression vector.
- the fragment of the human antibody constant region can be of any human antibody H chain constant region and human antibody L chain constant region, for example, for human H chain, C ⁇ 1, C ⁇ 2, C ⁇ 3 or C ⁇ 4, For the L chain, C ⁇ or C ⁇ can be mentioned, respectively.
- a humanized antibody typically has one or more CDRs from a non-human species and a framework region (FR) from a human immunoglobulin, as well as a constant region from a human immunoglobulin, to the desired antigen. It is an antibody that binds.
- Humanization of antibodies can be performed using various techniques known in the art (Almagro et al., FRont Biosci. 2008 2008 Jan 1; 13: 1619-1633.). For example, CDR grafting (Ozaki et al., Blood. 1999 Jun 1; 93 (11): 3922-3930.), Re-surfacing (roguska et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
- FR shuffle (Damschroder et al., Mol Immunol. 2007 Apr; 44 (11): 3049-3060. Epub 2007 Jan 22.).
- amino acid residues in the human FR region may be substituted with corresponding residues from the CDR donor antibody. This FR substitution can be performed by methods well known in the art (Riechmann et al., Nature, 1988 Mar 24; 332 (6162): 323-327.).
- FR residues important for antigen binding may be identified by modeling the interaction of CDR and FR residues.
- unusual FR residues at specific positions may be identified by sequence comparison.
- a human antibody is typically an antibody in which a variable region and a constant region of a heavy chain and a region including a variable region and a constant region of a light chain that constitute an antibody are derived from a gene encoding human immunoglobulin.
- the main production methods include a transgenic mouse method for producing human antibodies, a phage display method, and the like.
- the transgenic mouse method for producing human antibodies if a functional human Ig gene is introduced into a mouse in which endogenous Ig has been knocked out, human antibodies having various antigen-binding abilities can be produced instead of mouse antibodies. Furthermore, if this mouse is immunized, a human monoclonal antibody can be obtained by a conventional hybridoma method.
- phage display method a foreign gene is fused to the N-terminal side of the coat protein (g3p, g10p, etc.) of filamentous phages such as M13 and T7, which are typically E. coli viruses. It is a system for expressing as a protein. For example, it can be prepared by the method described in “Vaughan et al., Nat Biotechnol. 1996 Mar; 14 (3): 309-314.”.
- the antibody may be any antibody by CDR-grafting (Ozaki et al., Blood. 1999 Jun 1; 93 (11): 3922-3930.) Or the heavy chain CDR of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention or It may be prepared by grafting light chain CDRs.
- a region excluding the heavy chain CDR or light chain CDR of the DNA encoding the heavy chain CDR or light chain CDR of the anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody according to the embodiment of the present invention and a known human or non-human organism antibody Can be obtained by ligation to a vector according to a method known in the art and then expressing the DNA using a known cell.
- a method known in the art for example, a method of randomly mutating amino acid residues of the antibody and screening for highly reactive ones, or The region excluding the heavy chain CDR or light chain CDR may be optimized using a phage display method or the like.
- FR shuffle (Damschroder et al., Mol Immunol. 2007 Apr; 44 (11): 3049-3060. Epub 2007 Jan 22.), or a method of replacing amino acid residues or packaging residues of vernier zones (JP 2006-241026, or Foote et al., J J Mol Mol Biol. 1992 Mar 20; 224 (2): 487-499.) May be used to optimize the FR region.
- Heavy chain is the main component of full-length antibody. Typically, it is linked to the light chain by a disulfide bond and a non-covalent bond.
- VH variable region
- the amino acid sequence is not constant even for antibodies of the same class, and in general, VH has a large specificity and affinity for antigen. It is known to contribute.
- VH-only molecule was produced in "Reiter et al., J Mol Biol. 1999 Jul 16; 290 (3): 685-98.”, It was found to bind specifically to the antigen with high affinity. Is described.
- “Wolfson W, Chem Biol. 2006 13 Dec; 13 (12): 1243-1244.” Describes that among camel antibodies, there is only a heavy chain antibody without a light chain. Has been.
- CDR complementarity determining region
- Fv variable region: including heavy chain variable region (VH) and light chain variable region (VL)
- CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 consisting of about 5 to 25 amino acid residues.
- CDR3 is known to have the highest contribution in the binding of antibodies to antigens.
- CDR is a region that determines the specificity of an antibody for an antigen
- the amino acid sequence varies greatly between antibodies, and is also referred to as a hypervariable region.
- the Fv region other than CDR is called the framework region (FR) and consists of FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4, and is relatively well conserved among antibodies (Kabat et al., ⁇ Sequence of Proteins of Immunological Interest '' US Dept. Health and Human Services, 1983.). That is, it can be said that the factor characterizing the reactivity of the antibody is heavy chain CDR3, and then heavy chain CDR.
- Kabat's definition (Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed., Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. (1991)), or Chothia's definition (Chothia et al.,. J. Mol. , 1987; 196: 901-917) may be employed.
- the definition of Kabat is adopted as a preferred example, but it is not necessarily limited to this.
- the determination may be made in consideration of both the Kabat definition and the Chothia definition.
- an overlapping part of the CDR according to each definition or a part including both the CDRs according to each definition can also be a CDR.
- Martin et al.'S method Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1989; 86, which uses Oxford-Molecular's-AbM-antibody-modeling-software), which is a compromise between the definition of Kabat and the definition of Chothia. : 9268-9272).
- the anti-fibrotic agent includes a therapeutic agent for suppressing fibrosis.
- the therapeutic agent of the disease which arises with progress of fibrosis is included.
- the antifibrotic agent may be an agent for suppressing fibrosis for use in regenerative medicine.
- the treatment means that the subject's disease (including fibrosis) or one or more symptoms associated with the disease can exhibit a symptom improving effect or a preventive effect.
- Therapeutic agents include prophylactic agents.
- the antifibrotic agent may be a pharmaceutical composition containing one or more pharmacologically acceptable carriers.
- the pharmaceutical composition can be produced by any method known in the technical field of pharmaceutics, for example, by mixing the active ingredient and the carrier.
- the anti-fibrotic agent may be one that uses an active ingredient alone or may be used by mixing with an optional ingredient.
- the shape of the carrier is not particularly limited.
- an effective route for treatment for example, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, or oral administration.
- the administration form may be, for example, an injection, capsule, tablet, granule or the like.
- An aqueous solution for injection may be stored in, for example, a vial or a stainless steel container.
- the aqueous solution for injection may contain, for example, physiological saline, sugar (for example, trehalose), NaCl, or NaOH.
- the antifibrotic agent may contain, for example, a buffer (for example, phosphate buffer), a stabilizer and the like.
- the dose is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.25 or 0.5 mg / body at a time, and may be within the range of those values.
- the dosing interval is not particularly limited, and for example, it may be administered every 3 days for 2 weeks or twice a week for 4 weeks.
- the dose, administration interval, and administration method can be appropriately selected depending on the age, weight, symptom, target organ, etc. of the subject. It may also be administered in combination with an appropriate chemotherapeutic agent.
- the antifibrotic agent preferably contains a therapeutically effective amount or an effective amount of an active ingredient that exhibits a desired action.
- a subject is a human or a mammal other than a human (e.g., mouse, guinea pig, hamster, rat, mouse, rabbit, pig, sheep, goat, cow, horse, cat, dog, marmoset, monkey, chimpanzee, etc. Any one or more).
- a human e.g., mouse, guinea pig, hamster, rat, mouse, rabbit, pig, sheep, goat, cow, horse, cat, dog, marmoset, monkey, chimpanzee, etc. Any one or more).
- Example 1 Preparation of anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody (1) Immunization Mouse Integrin ⁇ 8 chain cDNA was cloned into a mammalian expression vector. Next, the expression vector was transfected into a chicken lymphoblastoid cell line by electroporation, and then a drug was added to select expression cells. The resulting mouse integrin ⁇ 8 chain expressing cell line was hyperimmunized to chickens. The antibody titer in chicken serum was measured by flow cytometry (FACS) analysis. For FACS analysis, the general protocol of FACSCalibur (BD, USA) was followed.
- FACS flow cytometry
- this human ⁇ 9-introduced chicken cell line was thawed with a surfactant and immunoprecipitated with an anti-human ⁇ 9 antibody Y9A2 (FIG. 1).
- Two bands appear in lane 1, indicating that the human ⁇ 9 chain forms a complex with other molecules.
- Lane 2 is immunoprecipitation of ⁇ 9-transfected SW480 (human colon cancer cell line) expressing integrin ⁇ 9 ⁇ 1, and it can be seen that the two bands in Lane 1 are ⁇ 9 chain and ⁇ 1 chain.
- FACS analysis was performed using a human ⁇ 9-introduced chicken cell line and anti-human ⁇ 9 antibody Y9A2 (FIG. 2). Compared to the histogram of unstained cells, the histogram shifts to the right when reacted with antibody, indicating that human ⁇ 9 is expressed on the membrane surface. Therefore, it is considered that a heterodimer of ⁇ 8 chain and ⁇ 1 chain is also formed in the integrin ⁇ 8 chain expressing cell line.
- the amino acid sequence of the mouse mouse integrin ⁇ 8 chain is the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7.
- the plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the heavy chain of the # 3 antibody, # 5 antibody, or # 26 antibody is a product of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, the Patent Microorganism Deposit Center (2-5 Kazusa Kamashichi, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture). -8) are deposited in Japan on October 16, 2009. Thereafter, the plasmids deposited in Japan were transferred to international deposits based on the Budapest Treaty on October 12, 2010 under the accession numbers NITE BP-824, NITE BP-826, or NITE BP-828, respectively.
- plasmids containing the DNA sequence encoding the # 3 antibody, # 5 antibody, or # 26 antibody light chain were deposited domestically on October 16, 2009, respectively, at the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation of the National Institute of Technology and Technology. Has been. Further, the plasmids deposited in Japan were transferred to international deposits based on the Budapest Treaty on October 12, 2010 under the accession numbers NITE BP-825, NITE BP-827, or NITE BP-829, respectively. These six deposited plasmids were prepared using the expression vector in (5) above.
- heavy chains CDR1, 2, and 3 of antibody # 3 are SYDMV (SEQ ID NO: 1), IYSAGSGPQYAPAVKG (SEQ ID NO: 2), and ADSTYCASGSCYAADSID (SEQ ID NO: 3), respectively.
- the light chains CDR1, 2, and 3 of antibody # 3 are SGGGSWYG (SEQ ID NO: 4), DNTNRPS (SEQ ID NO: 5), and GSADSTDAV (SEQ ID NO: 6), respectively.
- CDR is a site involved in antigen binding specificity of anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody.
- the heavy chains CDR1, 2, and 3 of the # 5 antibody are SYDMA (SEQ ID NO: 10), IDDDDSFTLYGAAVKG (SEQ ID NO: 11), and VGDGYCGWSACGGSID (SEQ ID NO: 12), respectively. Further, the light chains CDR1, 2, and 3 of antibody # 5 are SGDESYYG (SEQ ID NO: 13), SNDKRPS (SEQ ID NO: 14), and GXYDSSTYAGI (SEQ ID NO: 15), respectively.
- the heavy chains CDR1, 2, and 3 of the # 26 antibody are GHDMA (SEQ ID NO: 16), IGSSGSNTNYGTAVKG (SEQ ID NO: 17), and PGSCYGCTPDAGEID (SEQ ID NO: 18), respectively.
- the light chains CDR1, 2, and 3 of the # 26 antibody are SGSSGSYYGY (SEQ ID NO: 19), ESTKRPS (SEQ ID NO: 20), and GNEDSSYVGI (SEQ ID NO: 21), respectively.
- X represents an amino acid that could not be analyzed in the amino acid analysis.
- Example 2 Epitope evaluation Eight human ⁇ 8 chain cDNAs (R120, K125, S132, P161, Y199, A238, A260, S261) were prepared, and CHO cells were expressed transiently. Reacted. Antibody # 3 retained reactivity with wild-type and 7 mutants (K125, S132, P161, Y199, A238, A260, S261), but with R120 mutated (R120 mutant) ) Did not react. FIG. 3 shows the results of FACS analysis by reacting # 3 antibody with wild type, R120 mutant, and P161 mutant.
- Example 3 Evaluation of inhibitory activity against integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 Mouse osteopontin (2.5 mg / ml) was immobilized on a 96-well plate. Next, ⁇ 8-expressing K562 cells were added to the plate at 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well, and # 3 antibody was added at the concentration shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, A570nm detects adherent cells. The lower the A570nm value, the less the binding between ⁇ 8-expressing K562 cells and osteopontin.
- antibody # 3 inhibited the binding between ⁇ 8-expressing K562 cells and osteopontin (FIG. 5). That is, antibody # 3 functioned as an integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antagonist. Further, when the antibody-free time was 100, an inhibitory activity of 60% or more was observed at an antibody concentration of 0.05 ⁇ g / ml. Further, an inhibitory activity of 70% or more was observed at an antibody concentration of 0.10 ⁇ g / ml, and an inhibitory activity of 95% or more was observed at an antibody concentration of 0.25 ⁇ g / ml or more.
- Example 4 Evaluation of cross-reactivity (1) Evaluation of reactivity to human and mouse integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 Using # 3 antibody to human integrin ⁇ 8 chain expressing SW480 cell line and mouse integrin ⁇ 8 chain expressing SW480 cell line Cross reactivity was investigated by FACS analysis. The results are shown in FIG. When using either the human integrin ⁇ 8 chain expressing SW480 cell line or the mouse integrin ⁇ 8 chain expressing SW480 cell line, the peak position is clearly on the right side when the # 3 antibody is reacted compared to when it is not reacted. Shifted. Also, there was no change in the peak at the time of Mock. This indicates that antibody # 3 can bind to both human and mouse integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1.
- Rat integrin ⁇ 8 chain cDNA was cloned and transiently expressed in CHO cells, and the reactivity with # 3 antibody was confirmed by FACS.
- As a positive control transiently expressing cells of human integrin ⁇ 8 subunit were used.
- antibody # 3 reacted with rat integrin ⁇ 8 chain.
- the reactivity was similar to that when reacted with human integrin ⁇ 8 chain.
- BDL Biliary ligation model mouse
- FIG. 10 is a tissue image around a triad consisting of a bile duct, a portal vein, and a hepatic artery.
- the upper panel shows the case where # 3 antibody was not administered.
- the amount of collagen fibers stained blue is increased, and newly formed micro bile ducts are observed, resulting in bile duct hyperplasia.
- the epithelium proliferates in a relatively large bile duct, and infiltration of inflammatory cells is seen around the bile duct. Red color is liver parenchymal cells.
- the lower panel shows the case of # 3 antibody administration. Compared to the upper panel, the lower panel shows a similar increase in microbile ducts, but the degree of increase in collagen fibers is significantly less. It can be seen that bile duct ligation increases the internal pressure of the bile duct and increases the bile duct, but the accompanying fibrosis is suppressed by antibody administration.
- Col ⁇ 1 (I) expression increased more than 40 times in BDL mice compared to normal mice. This value decreased to a value of 10 times or less by administration of # 3 antibody. That is, the administration of # 3 antibody inhibited the expression of Col ⁇ 1 (I) in BDL mice by 75% or more. In addition, the expression of ⁇ -SMA increased about 9 times or more in BDL mice than in normal mice. This value decreased to 5 times or less by administration of # 3 antibody. That is, the administration of # 3 antibody inhibited the expression of Col ⁇ 1 (I) in BDL mice by about 50%.
- mouse liver tissue was homogenized in 6N HCl to 100 mg / ml.
- the mixture was centrifuged at 800 ⁇ g for 15 minutes to recover the supernatant.
- 266 ⁇ l of dH 2 O was added to make a total of 0.3 ml.
- 0.1 ml of chloramine-T solution was added.
- the chloramine-T solution was 0.336 g (final 0.84%) of chloramine-T, 0.56 ml (final 42 mM) of 3M NaOAc, 0.02 g (final 2.6 mM) of citric acid, and 15.8 ml (final 39.5%) of isopropanol.
- dimethylbenzaldehyde solution a solution in which 0.248 g of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 0.27 ml of perchloric acid (60%) and 0.73 ml of isopropanol were mixed was used.
- CCl 4 mouse Evaluation of therapeutic effect using carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis model mouse (CCl 4 mouse)
- CCl 4 mouse 50% carbon tetrachloride using olive oil as a solvent was subcutaneously administered to the mice at 2 ml / kg body.
- endotoxin-free # 3 antibody was administered at 0.25 mg / body twice per week for 4 weeks in the peritoneum of mice.
- CCl 4 mice not administered with anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody were also prepared.
- the fibrosis index was measured as follows.
- Example 7 Evaluation of therapeutic effect using bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model mouse (pulmonary fibrosis mouse) (1) Administration to pulmonary fibrosis mouse As shown in FIG. For induction of crystallization, bleomycin (Nippon Kayaku) was administered into the trachea of mice at 1.25 U / kg body to produce bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model mice. In addition, endotoxin-free # 3 antibody was administered at 10 mg / body intraperitoneally in mice every 3 days for 2 weeks. As a control, a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model mouse in which physiological saline was administered into the peritoneal cavity was also prepared and compared. Furthermore, the fibrosis index was measured as follows.
- FIG. 20 shows the relative expression level when the expression level in the # 3 antibody-administered mouse is 1.
- the expression of ⁇ -SMA was 4 times or more and that of Col1 ⁇ 1 (I) was 8 times or more compared to the # 3 antibody administration group.
- Administration of # 3 antibody suppressed the expression of fibrosis-related genes in the lung in the bleomycin model.
- Example 8 Evaluation of inhibitory activity of antibody # 5 and antibody # 26 against integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 Nephronectin (2.5 mg / ml) was immobilized on a 96-well plate. Next, K562 cells in which ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 was forcibly expressed were treated with # 3 antibody, # 5 antibody, or # 26 antibody at a concentration of 0.05 to 5 ⁇ g / ml, and then added to the plate so as to give 1 ⁇ 10 E5 cells / well. After culturing for 1 hour, the attached cells were stained and the absorbance was measured.
- antibody # 3, antibody # 5, and antibody # 26 inhibited the binding between ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1-expressing K562 cells and nephronectin (FIG. 22).
- This result shows that antibody # 3, antibody # 5, and antibody # 26 function as integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antagonists. From this, it is considered that the # 5 antibody and the # 26 antibody have the property of suppressing fibrosis like the # 3 antibody.
- Example 9 Evaluation of cross-reactivity of antibody # 5 and antibody # 26 Using human and mouse-derived breast cancer cell lines that expressed integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 (Hs578T and 4T1, respectively), antibody # 3, antibody # 5, and The cross-reactivity of # 26 antibody was investigated by FACS analysis. As a result, when using both human and mouse-derived cells, the reaction of # 3 antibody, # 5 antibody, and # 26 antibody resulted in a clear peak position on the right side compared to the case of no reaction. Shifted ( Figure 23). This indicates that # 5 antibody and # 26 antibody can bind to both human and mouse integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1.
- Example 10 Evaluation of epitope of # 5 antibody # 5 antibody having an ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 inhibitory activity was prepared using a chicken as a host in the same manner as the # 3 antibody.
- the human ⁇ 8 chain sequence has a site different from the chicken ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 sequence. It should be recognized. Therefore, a total of 22 human ⁇ 8 chain mutant cDNAs in which amino acids different from the chicken ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 sequence were mutated in the human ⁇ 8 chain sequence were prepared. This human ⁇ 8 chain mutant was transiently expressed in CHO cells and reacted with antibody # 5.
- the # 5 antibody did not react with the S132 mutant and retained reactivity with the wild type and the other 21 mutants.
- the ⁇ chain S132 recognized by the # 5 antibody and the R120 recognized by the # 3 antibody are both located in the cap subdomain of the ⁇ chain. Therefore, it was suggested that it is important to recognize amino acids in the cap subdomain in order to be an antibody that inhibits the binding between integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 and osteopontin.
- Examples 1 to 10 show that fibrosis can be suppressed by using an integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antagonist. Further, it is shown that fibrosis can be suppressed by using an anti-integrin ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1 antibody that recognizes R120 of the integrin ⁇ 8 chain and its peripheral region, or S132 and its peripheral region.
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Abstract
Description
(1)免疫
マウス インテグリンα8鎖のcDNAをほ乳動物発現ベクターにクローニングした。次に、その発現ベクターをニワトリリンパ芽球様細胞株にエレクトロポレーション法でトランスフェクトした後、薬剤を添加して発現細胞の選択をおこなった。得られたマウス インテグリン α8鎖発現細胞株をニワトリに過免疫した。ニワトリ血清中抗体価の測定はフローサイトメトリ(FACS)解析にて実施した。FACS解析に関してはFACSCalibur (BD,USA)の一般的なプロトコールに従った。
免疫をおこなったニワトリから脾臓を摘出した後、リンパ球を分離した。得られたリンパ球からRNAを抽出してcDNAの合成を行いscFv ファージ抗体ライブラリーを作製した。 ファージ抗体ライブラリーの作製に関しては、"nakamura et al., J Vet Med Sci. 2004 Jul;66(7):807-14"に記載の一般的な手法に従った。
scFv ファージ抗体ライブラリーをマウス インテグリンα8鎖非発現細胞株に添加して非特異ファージの吸収操作をおこなった後、マウス インテグリンα8鎖発現細胞株と反応させた。有機溶媒で洗浄後、マウス インテグリンα8鎖発現細胞株に特異的に結合したファージを回収し、大腸菌に感染させた。4回パニングをおこなった後、ライブラリーの反応性をマウス インテグリンα8鎖発現細胞株を用いたFACS解析で確認した。3rd ライブラリーの反応性が高かったため、3rd ライブラリーからファージのクローニングを行い、陽性クローンを選択した後、配列を決定した。細胞パニングに関しては、"Giordano et al., Nat Med. 2001 Nov;7(11):1249-53."に記載の方法に従った。
ヒトインテグリンα8鎖にも交差反応する抗体を取得するため、ヒト インテグリンα8鎖発現ニワトリリンパ芽球様細胞株を作製した。FACS解析によりヒトインテグリンα8鎖発現細胞株にも交差反応するクローンの選択をおこなった。
以上の実験により得られたscFv ファージ抗体をコードするDNA鎖を鋳型にして、VH、VLのPCR増幅をおこなった後、ニワトリ抗体のleader配列、定常領域とoverlap PCRを行いrIgY発現ベクターへクローニングした。作製したH鎖、L鎖のコンストラクトをほ乳類培養細胞にトランスフェクトした後、発現した抗体の精製をおこなった。rIgY抗体への組換えに関しては、"Shimamoto et al., Biologicals. 2005 Sep;33(3):169-74."に記載の手法に従った。以上の手順により、抗インテグリンα8β1抗体(モノクローナル抗体)を3種(#3抗体、#5抗体、#26抗体)作製した。
8種のヒトα8鎖cDNA (R120、K125、S132、P161、Y199、A238、A260、S261)を作製し、CHO細胞に一過性発現をさせ、#3抗体と反応させた。#3抗体は、野生型、及び7種の変異体(K125、S132、P161、Y199、A238、A260、S261)に対しては反応性を保持したが、R120を変異させたもの(R120変異体)には反応しなかった。#3抗体と、野生型、R120変異体、及びP161変異体とを反応させ、FACS解析を行った結果を図3に示す。次に、一過性発現法のためR120K変異体が十分に発現していない可能性を除外するため、安定発現株を作製し同様に反応させたところやはり反応がみられなかった。また、R120K変異体は対照α8抗体とは良く反応し、十分に発現している事を確認した(図4)。これら結果は、#3抗体が認識するエピトープは、R120及びその周辺領域であることを示している。
96-wellプレートにマウスオステオポンチン(2.5 mg/ml)を固相化した。次に、そのプレートにα8発現K562細胞を1x10 E5細胞/wellで加えるとともに、#3抗体を図5に示した濃度で加えた。図5において、A570nmは接着細胞を検出している。A570nmの値が低いほど、α8発現K562細胞とオステオポンチンの結合が少ないことを表している。
(1)ヒト及びマウスインテグリンα8β1への反応性評価
#3抗体を用いて、ヒト インテグリンα8鎖発現SW480細胞株、及びマウス インテグリンα8鎖発現SW480細胞株への交差反応性を、FACS解析により調査した。その結果を図6に示す。ヒト インテグリンα8鎖発現SW480細胞株、及びマウス インテグリンα8鎖発現SW480細胞株のどちらを用いたときにも、#3抗体を反応させると、反応させないときに比べて、ピークの位置が明確に右側にシフトした。またMockのときにはピークに変動はなかった。このことから、#3抗体は、ヒト及びマウス両方のインテグリンα8β1に結合できることが示された。
ラットインテグリンα8鎖cDNAをクローニングしCHO細胞に一過性発現させ、#3抗体との反応性をFACSで確かめた。ポジティブコントロールとして、ヒトインテグリンα8サブユニットの一過性発現細胞を用いた。図7に示すように、#3抗体は、ラットインテグリンα8鎖と反応した。その反応性は、ヒトインテグリンα8鎖と反応させたときと同程度であった。
上記実施例2の結果によれば、#3抗体の認識するエピトープは、R120及びその周辺領域である。この部分のラットのアミノ酸配列を調べたところ、マウス、及びヒトと全く同じであった。そこで、他の種の配列もデータベースから収集しアラインメントを行った(図8)。その結果、ウシ、ブタ、イヌ、ハムスター、マーモセット、アカゲザル、テナガザル、チンパンジーもR120およびN-末6残基、C-末6残基の合計13残基(TNNRKIRVNGTKE、配列番号9)において100%の相同性を認めた。従って、#3抗体は、ハムスター、ウシ、ブタ、イヌ、マーモセット、アカゲザル、テナガザル、チンパンジーのインテグリンα8β1とも反応性を有すると考えられる。
(1)BDLマウスへの投与
図9に示すように、Day 0で、肝線維化の誘導のためにマウスの胆管を結紮し、肝内胆管周辺に線維化を生じる所謂BDLマウスを作製した。また、エンドトキシンフリーの#3抗体を0.5 mg/bodyでマウスの腹腔内に2週間、3日毎に投与した。比較のため、抗インテグリンα8β1抗体非投与のBDLマウスも作製した。さらに、以下の通り線維化の指標を測定した。
BDLマウスの肝組織の線維化を検討するため、マッソントリクローム染色を行った。図10は胆管、門脈、肝動脈からなる三つ組(biliary triad)の周辺の組織像である。上パネルは、#3抗体非投与の場合である。上パネルでは、青色に染色されたコラーゲン線維の量が増加しており、新規に形成された微小胆管が認められ胆管増生を生じている。また比較的大きな胆管では上皮が増殖しており、また胆管周辺には炎症細胞の浸潤が見られる。赤色は肝実質細胞である。下パネルは、#3抗体投与の場合である。下パネルでは上パネルと比較すると、微小胆管の増生は同様に認められるもののコラーゲン線維の増加の程度が著しく少ない。胆管の結紮により胆管内圧が上がり胆管の増生を来しているが、それに伴う線維化は抗体投与により抑制されていることがわかる。
BDLマウスの肝臓における、コラーゲンα1(Col α1(I))とα平滑筋アクチン(α-SMA)の遺伝子発現を、定量PCR法で分析し、#3抗体投与/非投与マウス間で比較した。。正常マウスのものを1とした場合の相対発現量を図11に示す。
ヒドロキシプロリンは組織中のコラーゲン量を反映し、線維化定量の標準的な方法として用いられる。BDLマウスの肝臓におけるヒドロキシプロリン量を、#3抗体投与/非投与マウス間で比較した。その結果を図12に示す。BDLマウスのヒドロキシプロリンの量は、#3抗体投与によって240 μg/g肝臓組織から150μg/g肝臓組織に減少した。
(1)CCl4マウスへの投与
図13に示すように、Day 1で、肝線維化の誘導のために、オリーブオイルを溶媒とした50%四塩化炭素をマウスの皮下に2 ml/kg bodyで投与し、CCl4マウスを作製した。また、エンドトキシンフリーの#3抗体を0.25 mg/bodyでマウスの腹膜内に4週間、週に2回投与した。比較のため、抗インテグリンα8β1抗体非投与のCCl4マウスも作製した。さらに、以下の通り線維化の指標を測定した。
CCl4マウスの肝切片をマッソントリクローム染色した。その結果を図14に示す。上パネルは、#3抗体非投与の場合である。上パネルでは、肝小葉周辺のグリソン鞘(Grisson's capsules)に一致してコラーゲンの増生が見られた。青く染まっているのがコラーゲン線維であり、肝の小葉構造に従って6角形状に増生している。下パネルは、#3抗体投与の場合である。下パネルでは、上パネルでみられた肝小葉周辺のグリソン鞘の肥厚が、ほとんど見られない。
正常マウスと#3抗体投与/非投与CCl4マウスの肝臓におけるα-SMAの発現量をウエスタンブロッティングで観察した。その結果を図15に示す。CCl4マウスでは、#3抗体非投与のとき、ノーマルマウスに比べてα-SMAの発現量が増加した(抗体(-)、n=3)。一方で、抗インテグリンα8β1抗体投与によって、α-SMAの発現量が減少した(抗体(+)、n=3)。右端レーンはポジティブコントロール(LX2細胞の抽出物)を表している。
CCl4マウスの肝臓におけるヒドロキシプロリン量を、#3抗体投与/非投与マウス間で比較した。その結果を図16に示す。CCl4マウスのヒドロキシプロリンの量は、#3抗体投与によって220 μg/g肝臓組織から177 μg/g肝臓組織に減少した。
(1)肺線維症マウスへの投与
図17に示すように、Day 0で、肺線維化の誘導のために、ブレオマイシン(日本化薬)をマウスの気管内に1.25 U/kg bodyで投与し、ブレオマイシン誘導肺線維症モデルマウスを作製した。また、エンドトキシンフリーの#3抗体を10 mg/bodyでマウスの腹腔内に2週間、3日毎に投与した。対照として、生理食塩水を腹腔に投与したブレオマイシン誘誘導肺線維症モデルマウスも作製し比較した。さらに、以下の通り線維化の指標を測定した。
ブレオマイシン誘導肺線維症マウスの、ブレオマイシン投与21日後の病理像(HE染色)を示す(図18)。左の対照群のマウスでは著しい線維化が生じており、炎症性細胞の浸潤や線維芽細胞増成、線維素の沈着などにより正常肺胞構造が失われている。一方、右の抗体投与群マウスでは、正常肺に比べれば肺胞隔壁の肥厚や炎症細胞浸潤が認められるが、肺胞構造は保たれており、対照群に比べ線維化は強く抑制されている。
ブレオマイシン誘導肺線維化マウスにおいては、線維化の程度に関連して、体重の増加抑制や減少が認められる。上記の肺線維症マウスの体重の推移を測定した(図19)。その結果、#3抗体非投与マウスでは、ブレオマイシン投与3日後から7日後にかけて平均1.8g(約10%)の体重減少が認められた。一方で、#3抗体投与マウスでは、ほとんど体重の減少が見られなかった。即ち、#3抗体投与によって、線維化に起因する体重減少が抑制されたと考えられる。
上記の肺線維症マウスの肺における、Col α1(I)とα-SMAの遺伝子発現を、定量PCR法で分析し、#3抗体投与/非投与マウス間で比較した。#3抗体投与マウスにおける発現量を1とした場合の相対発現量を図20に示す。
上記の肺線維症マウスの肺におけるヒドロキシプロリン量を、#3抗体投与/非投与マウス間で比較した。その結果を図21に示す。肺線維症マウスのヒドロキシプロリンの量は、#3抗体投与によって840.7 μg/g肺組織から602.8 μg/g肺組織に減少した。
96-wellプレートにネフロネクチン(2.5 mg/ml)を固相化した。次に、α8β1を強制発現させたK562細胞を0.05~5μg/mlの濃度の#3抗体、#5抗体、又は#26抗体で処理した後、1x10 E5細胞/wellとなるように上記プレートに加え、1時間培養後、附着細胞を染色し吸光度を測定した。
インテグリンα8β1を発現したヒト及びマウス由来の乳がん細胞株(それぞれHs578T、4T1)を用いて、#3抗体、#5抗体、及び#26抗体の交差反応性をFACS解析により調査した。その結果、ヒト及びマウス由来細胞のどちらを用いたときにも、#3抗体、#5抗体、及び#26抗体それぞれを反応させると、反応させないときに比べて、ピークの位置が明確に右側にシフトした(図23)。このことから、#5抗体及び#26抗体それぞれは、ヒト及びマウス両方のインテグリンα8β1に結合できることが示された。
α8β1阻害作用をもつ#5抗体は、#3抗体同様ニワトリを宿主として作製したものであり、ヒトα8鎖配列の中でニワトリα8β1配列と異なる部位を認識しているはずである。そこで、ヒトα8鎖配列の中でニワトリα8β1配列と異なるアミノ酸に変異を入れた、計22種のヒトα8鎖変異体cDNAを作製した。このヒトα8鎖変異体をCHO細胞に一過性発現させ、#5抗体と反応させた。#5抗体は、S132変異体とは反応せず、野生型、及びその他の21種の変異体に対しては反応性を保持していた。次に、一過性発現法ではS132変異体が十分に発現していない可能性を除外するため、安定発現株を作製し同様に反応させたが、やはり反応がみられなかった。S132変異体は対照α8抗体とは良く反応し、十分に発現している事を確認した(図24)。この対象α8抗体は、上記22種の変異部位以外の部位を認識する抗体である。これら結果は、#5抗体が認識するエピトープは、S132及びその周辺領域であることを示している。
Claims (10)
- インテグリンα8β1のアンタゴニストを含む、抗線維化剤。
- 前記アンタゴニストが、インテグリンα8β1とリガンドとの結合を阻害する抗インテグリンα8β1抗体である、請求項1に記載の抗線維化剤。
- 前記アンタゴニストが、インテグリンα8鎖のキャップサブドメイン内の少なくとも1つのアミノ酸及びその周辺領域に特異的に結合する抗インテグリンα8β1抗体である、請求項1又は2に記載の抗線維化剤。
- 前記アンタゴニストが、インテグリンα8鎖のR120及びその周辺領域、又はS132及びその周辺領域に特異的に結合する抗インテグリンα8β1抗体である、請求項1~3いずれかにに記載の抗線維化剤。
- 前記アンタゴニストが、ヒト、マウス、及びラット由来のいずれのインテグリンα8β1にも結合できる抗インテグリンα8β1抗体である、請求項2~4いずれかに記載の抗線維化剤。
- 前記アンタゴニストが、インテグリンα8鎖の1つ以上のキャップサブドメイン変異体に結合性を有せず、インテグリンα8鎖の野生型に結合性を有する抗インテグリンα8β1抗体である、請求項1~5いずれかに記載の抗線維化剤。
- 前記アンタゴニストが、インテグリンα8鎖のR120K変異体又はS132A変異体に結合性を有せず、インテグリンα8鎖の野生型に結合性を有する抗インテグリンα8β1抗体である、請求項1~6いずれかに記載の抗線維化剤。
- 前記抗インテグリンα8β1抗体が、モノクローナル抗体である、請求項2~7いずれかに記載の抗線維化剤。
- 前記抗インテグリンα8β1抗体が、抗原結合性断片である、請求項2~8いずれかに記載の抗線維化剤。
- インテグリンα8β1のアンタゴニストを含む、線維化の進行に伴って生じる疾患の治療薬。
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