WO2013141201A1 - 太陽熱発電設備、及びその起動方法 - Google Patents
太陽熱発電設備、及びその起動方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013141201A1 WO2013141201A1 PCT/JP2013/057650 JP2013057650W WO2013141201A1 WO 2013141201 A1 WO2013141201 A1 WO 2013141201A1 JP 2013057650 W JP2013057650 W JP 2013057650W WO 2013141201 A1 WO2013141201 A1 WO 2013141201A1
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- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- rotor
- power generation
- bypass
- heat receiver
- Prior art date
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/02—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid
- F03G6/04—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous
- F03G6/045—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous by producing an updraft of heated gas or a downdraft of cooled gas, e.g. air driving an engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
- F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
- F02C1/05—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
- F02C7/268—Starting drives for the rotor, acting directly on the rotor of the gas turbine to be started
- F02C7/275—Mechanical drives
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/60—Fluid transfer
- F05D2260/606—Bypassing the fluid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Definitions
- the present invention includes a compressor that compresses a working medium to generate a compressed medium, a heat receiver that heats compressed air by receiving sunlight, a turbine that is driven by the compressed medium heated by the heat receiver, and a drive of the turbine
- the present invention relates to a solar thermal power generation facility including a power generator for generating power and a starting method thereof.
- This solar thermal power generation facility includes a compressor that compresses air as a working medium to generate compressed air, a heat receiver that receives sunlight to heat the compressed air, and a condenser that irradiates sunlight on the heat receiver ( (Heliostat), a turbine driven by compressed air heated by a heat receiver, and a generator that generates electric power by driving the turbine.
- a compressor that compresses air as a working medium to generate compressed air
- a heat receiver that receives sunlight to heat the compressed air
- a condenser that irradiates sunlight on the heat receiver (Heliostat)
- Heliostat heat receiver
- Turbine driven by compressed air heated by a heat receiver
- a generator that generates electric power by driving the turbine.
- This solar thermal power generation facility is further provided with a turbine bypass pipe that branches from the heated air pipe that sends the compressed air heated by the heat receiver to the turbine, and is connected to the chimney.
- a turbine bypass valve for adjusting the flow rate is provided.
- the turbine output is adjusted by changing the number of collectors that irradiate sunlight to the heat receiver and changing the valve opening of the turbine bypass valve.
- a compressor that compresses air a combustor that mixes fuel with the compressed air from the compressor, burns the compressed air, generates combustion gas, and is driven by the combustion gas.
- a configuration including a turbine and a generator that generates electric power by driving the turbine is common.
- an electric motor is driven to increase the rotor rotational speed of the turbine.
- the rotational torque of the turbine rotor is controlled by adjusting the flow rate of fuel supplied to the combustor.
- the starting method is basically established.
- the starting method and the synchronous adjustment method at the time of loading are not yet established.
- a method of following the above-described general gas turbine power generation facility startup method at startup is conceivable.
- the amount of heat energy input to the heat receiver, which is the air heating place, that is, the number of concentrators that irradiate the heat receiver with sunlight is changed.
- a method for controlling the rotational torque of the rotor is conceivable.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solar thermal power generation facility that can suitably control the rotational torque of a turbine rotor during startup, and a startup method thereof.
- the solar thermal power generation facility includes a compressor that compresses a working medium to generate a compressed medium, a heat receiver that receives sunlight and heats the compressed medium, and is heated by the heat receiver.
- a turbine in which a turbine rotor is rotated by the compression medium, a generator for generating electric power by rotation of the turbine rotor, an activation device for rotating the turbine rotor at the time of activation, and at least a part of the compression medium from the compressor.
- a control device that controls the rotational torque of the turbine rotor by adjusting the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed.
- the compression flow into the turbine can be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed.
- the flow rate of the medium can be adjusted. For this reason, it is possible to control the rotational torque of the turbine rotor from when the rotor rotational speed reaches the rated rotational speed until when the generator is inserted.
- the flow rate of the compression medium to be sent to the turbine is changed, so the influence of the weather is small.
- the time until the change in the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed is reflected in the change in the rotational torque of the turbine rotor is extremely short. For this reason, by adjusting the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed, the rotational torque of the turbine rotor can be suitably controlled at the time of startup.
- the control device causes the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed by the bypass means when the generator is connected to the power system after the rotor rotational speed reaches the rated rotational speed. May be reduced instantaneously.
- the control device may set the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed by the bypass means to zero at the time of insertion.
- the bypass means has a bypass flow rate adjustment valve for adjusting the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed
- the control device fully closes the valve opening degree of the bypass flow rate adjustment valve at the time of the insertion. May be.
- the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed by the bypass means is instantaneously reduced simultaneously with the addition of the generator, and the compressed medium sent from the compressor is not sent to the turbine.
- the compressed medium is sent to the turbine, and the rotational speed of the turbine rotor is maintained at the rated rotational speed.
- the controller causes the bypass means to bypass the compression until the actual rotor rotational speed approaches a predetermined rotor rotational speed pattern until immediately before the incorporation.
- the flow rate of the medium may be adjusted.
- the control device may stop rotation assistance of the turbine rotor by the starting device before the time of the insertion.
- the starter device includes an electric motor that rotates the turbine rotor at the time of start-up, and a torque ratio conversion mechanism that changes a ratio of torque transmitted from the input shaft to the output shaft, and the torque ratio conversion mechanism
- the input shaft is connected to the output shaft of the electric motor
- the output shaft of the torque ratio conversion mechanism is connected to the turbine rotor
- the controller is lapsed with respect to the torque ratio conversion mechanism at the time of startup.
- a control command corresponding to the target value of the torque ratio according to the output may be output to increase the rotational torque transmitted from the starter to the turbine rotor to increase the rotor rotational speed.
- the starter includes the generator that functions as an electric motor that rotates the turbine rotor at the time of start-up, and a rotational speed that changes the rotational speed of the generator by controlling electric power supplied to the generator.
- the control device outputs a control command according to a target value of the rotational speed of the generator according to the passage of time to the rotational speed conversion mechanism at the time of startup, and the startup
- the rotor speed may be increased by a device.
- the bypass means may bypass the compression medium upstream of the heat receiver.
- a high-temperature bypass means for example, a high-temperature pipe or valve is unnecessary, and the manufacturing cost of the bypass means is reduced. be able to.
- the bypass means includes a turbine bypass pipe for guiding at least a part of the compression medium compressed by the compressor from an upstream side of the turbine to an exhaust side of the turbine, and the turbine bypass pipe.
- a turbine bypass valve that adjusts a flow rate of the flowing compression medium, and the control device may adjust a valve opening degree of the turbine bypass valve.
- the bypass means bypasses at least a part of the compression medium compressed by the compressor from the upstream side of the heat receiver to the heat receiver, and is downstream of the heat receiver.
- a heat receiver bypass pipe that guides the compressed medium to the upstream side of the turbine and the turbine, and a heat receiver bypass valve that adjusts a flow rate of the compression medium flowing through the heat receiver bypass pipe, and the control device includes: You may adjust the valve opening degree of the said heat receiver bypass valve.
- the bypass unit is configured to discharge at least a part of the compression medium compressed by the compressor to the atmosphere from the upstream side of the heat receiver, and from the discharge pipe to the atmosphere.
- An air discharge valve that adjusts a flow rate of the compressed medium that flows out, and the control device may adjust an opening degree of the air discharge valve.
- a method for starting a solar thermal power generation facility includes a compressor that compresses a working medium to generate a compressed medium, a heat receiver that receives sunlight and heats the compressed medium, and the heat receiver.
- a method for starting solar thermal power generation equipment comprising: a turbine in which a turbine rotor is rotated by the compression medium heated in step; a generator that generates electric power by rotation of the turbine rotor; and an activation device that rotates the turbine rotor at the time of activation.
- the speed increasing step of increasing the rotational speed of the turbine rotor by the starting device and during the speed increasing step, before the rotational speed of the turbine rotor reaches the rated rotational speed, from the compressor
- the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed is adjusted, and the power generator
- the flow rate of the compression medium flowing into the turbine is adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed. Can be adjusted. For this reason, it is possible to control the rotational torque of the turbine rotor from when the rotor rotational speed reaches the rated rotational speed until when the generator is inserted.
- the flow rate of the compression medium to be sent to the turbine is changed, so the influence of the weather is small.
- the time until the change in the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed is reflected in the change in the rotational torque of the turbine rotor is extremely short. For this reason, by adjusting the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed, the rotational torque of the turbine rotor can be suitably controlled at the time of startup.
- the flow rate of the compressed medium to be bypassed may be instantaneously reduced in the insertion process control step.
- the flow rate of the compression medium to be bypassed may be set to zero at the time of the insertion.
- the generator When the generator is inserted into the power system, the generator is suddenly loaded, and the rotational speed of the turbine rotor decreases rapidly. Therefore, in the start-up method, simultaneously with the addition of the generator, the flow rate of the compressed medium to be bypassed is instantaneously reduced, and among the compressed media sent from the compressor, the compressed media that have not been sent to the turbine are removed.
- the turbine rotor is configured so that the rotation speed of the turbine rotor is maintained at the rated rotation speed.
- the rotational torque of the turbine rotor can be suitably controlled during startup.
- the solar thermal power generation facility of this embodiment includes a compressor 10 that compresses air as a working medium to generate compressed air that is a compressed medium, and heat receiving that receives sunlight and heats the compressed air.
- a plurality of heliostats 40 that irradiate sunlight to the heat receiver 30, a turbine 20 that is driven by compressed air heated by the heat receiver 30, a generator 50 that generates electric power by driving the turbine 20, and at startup
- An activation device 60 that rotates the compressor rotor 11 and the turbine rotor 21 and a control device 80 that controls them are provided.
- the heat receiver 30 includes a heat receiving portion 31 that is irradiated with sunlight, and a casing 35 that covers the heat receiving portion 31.
- the heat receiving unit 31 includes a lower header pipe 32, an upper header pipe 33 disposed above the lower header pipe 32, and a plurality of heat receiving pipes 34 extending in the vertical direction and connecting the lower header pipe 32 and the upper header pipe 33. And have.
- An opening 36 for guiding sunlight from the heliostat 40 is formed in the heat receiving portion 31 at the lower portion of the casing 35.
- the heat receiver 30 is provided on a tower (not shown) built in the installation area of the solar thermal power generation facility.
- the heliostat 40 includes a reflecting mirror 41 that reflects sunlight, a support leg 43 that supports the reflecting mirror 41, and a drive controller 42 that directs the reflecting mirror 41 in a target direction.
- the heliostat 40 is disposed around the tower where the heat receiver 30 is provided.
- the compressor 10 includes the above-described compressor rotor 11 that rotates, and a compressor casing 12 that rotatably covers the compressor rotor 11.
- the turbine 20 includes the above-described turbine rotor 21 that rotates, and a turbine casing 22 that rotatably covers the turbine rotor 21.
- the turbine rotor 21 is located on an extension line of the compressor rotor 11 and is connected to the compressor rotor 11.
- the compressor rotor 11 is connected to the generator rotor 51. Therefore, when the generator rotor 51 rotates, the compressor rotor 11 and the turbine rotor 21 also rotate.
- a reheater 25 that heats the compressed air from the compressor 10 using exhaust air that is high-temperature compressed air exhausted from the turbine 20 is provided. Further, the reheater 25 is provided with an exhaust duct 28 for exhausting the exhaust air after heating the compressed air.
- the starting device 60 includes an electric motor 61 and a torque converter (torque ratio conversion mechanism) 64 that changes a ratio of torque transmitted from the input shaft 65 to the output shaft 66.
- the electric motor 61 rotates the generator rotor 51, the compressor rotor 11, and the turbine rotor 21 at the time of startup.
- the torque converter 64 can change the ratio of torque transmitted from the input shaft 65 to the output shaft 66 by changing the opening of a built-in guide vane (not shown).
- the input shaft 65 of the torque converter 64 is connected to the output shaft 62 of the electric motor 61, and the output shaft 66 of the torque converter 64 is connected to the generator rotor 51.
- the generator rotor 51 is connected to the compressor rotor 11, and the compressor rotor 11 is connected to the turbine rotor 21. Therefore, the output shaft 66 of the torque converter 64 is connected to the compressor rotor 11 via the generator rotor 51 and also to the turbine rotor 21.
- the generator 50 is electrically connected to the power system S through a generator breaker 55.
- the electric motor 61 is electrically connected to the power system S via the activation device breaker 56.
- the discharge port 13 of the compressor 10 and the compressed air inlet 26 of the reheater 25 are connected by a compressed air pipe 71.
- the compressed air outlet 27 of the reheater 25 and the lower header pipe 32 of the heat receiver 30 are connected by a reheated air pipe 72.
- the upper header pipe 33 of the heat receiver 30 and the intake port 23 of the turbine 20 are connected by a heated air pipe 73.
- the compressed air pipe 71 and the exhaust duct 28 are connected by a turbine bypass pipe 74.
- the turbine bypass pipe 74 is provided with a turbine bypass valve 75 that adjusts the flow rate of compressed air passing therethrough.
- the turbine bypass pipe 74 and the turbine bypass valve 75 constitute bypass means.
- the heated air pipe 73 is provided with a heat receiver outlet thermometer 38 for measuring the temperature of the compressed air heated by the heat receiver 30. Further, the heat receiving pipe 34 of the heat receiver 30 is provided with a heat receiving pipe thermometer 39 for measuring the temperature of the heat receiving pipe 34. Any one of the generator rotor 51, the compressor rotor 11, and the turbine rotor 21 is provided with a rotational speed meter 19 that measures the rotational speed of the rotor, which is the rotational speed of these. The values measured by the heat receiver outlet thermometer 38, the heat receiving pipe thermometer 39, and the rotation speed meter 19 are all sent to the control device 80.
- the control device 80 functionally includes a torque converter control unit 82, a circuit breaker control unit 83 that outputs an opening / closing command to each circuit breaker 55, 56, and solar light to the heat receiver 30 for each of the plurality of heliostats 40.
- a heliostat control unit 84 that outputs an irradiation on or off command, a bypass valve control unit 85 that outputs a valve opening degree command to the turbine bypass valve 75, and an integrated control unit 81 are provided.
- Torque converter control unit 82 outputs a torque ratio command to torque converter 64 at the time of startup.
- the integrated control unit 81 receives various data from the outside and controls the control units 82 to 85 described above.
- the control device 80 is a computer, a CPU that executes various operations, a memory that is a work area of the CPU, an external storage device that stores programs executed by the CPU and various data, and various data input. Output interface. Any of the above functional configurations of the control device 80 functions when the CPU executes a program stored in the external storage device.
- the heliostat control unit 84 of the control device 80 outputs an irradiation on command to the plurality of heliostats 40 (t0).
- the drive controller 42 of the heliostat 40 that has received this irradiation on command adjusts the direction of the reflecting mirror 41 so that the sunlight reflected by the reflecting mirror 41 faces the heat receiver 30.
- the circuit breaker controller 83 of the control device 80 When the temperature measured by the heat receiver outlet thermometer 38 or the heat receiving pipe thermometer 39 reaches a predetermined temperature (for example, 200 to 300 ° C.) (t1), the circuit breaker controller 83 of the control device 80 performs integrated control. In response to an instruction from the unit 81, a closing command is output to the activation device breaker 56. As a result, the system power starts to be supplied to the electric motor 61 and the electric motor 61 starts to be driven. At the same time, the torque converter control unit 82 of the control device 80 outputs an activation command to the torque converter 64 according to an instruction from the integrated control unit 81.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 200 to 300 ° C.
- the torque converter control unit 82 outputs, for example, a command related to the target torque ratio indicated by a predetermined torque ratio pattern to the torque converter 64.
- the torque ratio pattern defines a target torque ratio for each time from the start of the start of the electric motor 61 so that the increase rate per unit time of the rotor speed from the start of the start of the electric motor 61 becomes a predetermined increase rate.
- the torque converter control unit 82 outputs the guide vane opening of the torque converter 64 to the guide vane as a torque ratio command so that the target torque ratio at that time can be obtained according to the torque ratio pattern.
- the opening degree of the guide vane gradually increases with time.
- the torque transmitted from the input shaft 65 to the output shaft 66 of the torque converter 64 gradually increases with time, and the rotational speed of the generator rotor 51 and the rotor speed of the compressor 10 and the turbine 20 increase with time. Increasing gradually.
- the torque converter control unit 82 controls the torque ratio of the torque converter 64. Stop temporarily and fix the torque ratio. At this time, it may wait until the temperature measured by the heat receiver outlet thermometer 38 or the heat receiving pipe thermometer 39 reaches a predetermined temperature (for example, 500 to 700 ° C.). When the temperature measured by the heat receiver outlet thermometer 38 or the heat receiving pipe thermometer 39 reaches a predetermined temperature (t3), the torque converter control unit 82 again executes the torque ratio control of the torque converter 64. It may be. By this method, it is possible to make the torque required for starting the turbine small and constant.
- a predetermined rotational speed Na for example, the rotational speed of 20 to 40% of the rated rotational speed Nd
- the amount of sunlight increases as the sun rises, even if the number of heliostats 40 that irradiate sunlight to the heat receiver 30 is constant, the amount of light received by the heat receiving portion 31 of the heat receiver 30, in other words, the amount of heat is To increase. For this reason, the heating amount per unit time with respect to the compressed air sent to the heat receiving part 31 also increases, and the rotational torque which rotates the turbine rotor 21 with compressed air increases. On the other hand, the rotational torque for rotating the turbine rotor 21 by the electric motor 61 is relatively reduced.
- the bypass valve control unit 85 of the control device 80 outputs a valve opening command to the turbine bypass valve 75 in response to an instruction from the integrated control unit 81.
- Nb for example, 40 to 60% of the rated rotational speed Nd
- the bypass valve control unit 85 of the control device 80 outputs a valve opening command to the turbine bypass valve 75 in response to an instruction from the integrated control unit 81.
- the turbine bypass valve 75 is opened to the indicated valve opening.
- the turbine bypass valve 75 is opened, and the turbine The flow of heated compressed air sent to 20 is reduced.
- the bypass valve control unit 85 determines the opening degree of the turbine bypass valve 75 so that the rotor rotational speed measured by the rotational speed meter 19 approaches a predetermined rotational speed pattern.
- the rotation speed pattern is determined so that the increase rate of the rotor rotation speed per unit time becomes a predetermined increase rate from the start of the start of the motor 61 until the turbine rotor 21 reaches the rated rotation speed Nd.
- the number of rotor rotations at each time from the start is determined.
- the rotational speed pattern is thereafter constant at the rated rotational speed Nd.
- the bypass valve control unit 85 determines the valve opening degree of the turbine bypass valve 75 according to the deviation between the rotor rotational speed measured by the rotational speed meter 19 and the target rotational speed when the rotational speed pattern is determined.
- the turbine bypass valve 75 is opened and the flow rate of the heated compressed air sent to the turbine 20 is changed, the rotational torque for rotating the turbine rotor 21 is changed, and the rotor rotational speed is changed. That is, the rotational speed of the rotor is controlled by adjusting the valve opening degree of the turbine bypass valve 75 and controlling the rotational torque that rotates the turbine rotor 21.
- the rotational torque for rotating the turbine rotor 21 can also be controlled by a method of changing the number of heliostats 40 that irradiate the heat receiver 30 with sunlight.
- the change in the number of heliostats 40 that irradiate sunlight to the heat receiver 30 can control the rotational torque at startup. It is expected to be extremely difficult.
- the heat capacity of the heat receiver 30 is large, even if the number of heliostats 40 that irradiate the heat receiver 30 with sunlight is changed, the number of heliostats 40 that irradiate the heat receiver 30 with sunlight changes. It takes several minutes to be reflected in the change in the rotational torque, and it is considered that it is not suitable for delicate control of the rotational torque at the time of startup.
- the flow rate of the compressed air sent to the turbine 20 is changed, so the influence of the weather is small. Furthermore, in this method, the time until the change in the valve opening degree of the turbine bypass valve 75 is reflected in the change in the rotational torque of the turbine rotor 21 is extremely short. For this reason, by adjusting the valve opening degree of the turbine bypass valve 75, the rotational torque of the turbine rotor 21 can be suitably controlled at the time of startup.
- the torque ratio pattern after the turbine bypass valve 75 is opened becomes, for example, gradually smaller and becomes 0 at the time when the rotational speed pattern reaches the rated rotational speed Nd. That is, the torque transmitted from the electric motor 61 to the generator rotor 51 becomes zero. For this reason, the torque ratio of the torque converter 64 changes in accordance with this torque ratio pattern, and becomes 0 when the rotor rotational speed is almost the rated rotational speed Nd (t5).
- the circuit breaker control unit 83 outputs an opening command to the starter circuit breaker 56, cuts off the power supply from the power system S to the motor 61, and stops the motor 61. .
- the torque component that rotates the turbine rotor 21 by the compressed air that is heated is relatively relative to the torque component that rotates the turbine rotor 21 by the electric motor 61 over time. growing. For this reason, the control of the rotor rotational speed becomes dominant with the passage of time by the control of the opening degree of the turbine bypass valve 75.
- the electric motor 61 is stopped (t5), that is, when the compressor rotor 11 and the turbine rotor 21 can maintain the rated rotational speed Nd without the assistance of the electric motor 61
- the rotor rotational speed is basically set to the turbine. It is controlled by the valve opening degree of the bypass valve 75.
- the torque ratio pattern and the rotational speed pattern are basically fixed in terms of changes in the torque ratio and rotational speed over time, but sunlight is blocked by clouds over a long period of time, and the heat receiver outlet thermometer 38, etc.
- the temperature measured in step 1 is lower than the lower limit temperature, for example, the time schedule of each pattern until the temperature measured by the heat receiver outlet thermometer 38 falls below the lower limit temperature and becomes equal to or higher than the lower limit temperature again. Stops.
- the circuit breaker control unit 83 instructs the generator circuit breaker 55 to close in response to an instruction from the integrated control unit 81. Is output, and the electric power system S and the generator 50 are electrically connected. That is, the generator 50 is inserted into the power system S.
- the bypass valve control unit 85 gives a command for opening the valve to 0, that is, a fully closed state, to the turbine bypass valve 75 according to an instruction from the integrated control unit 81.
- the generator 50 When the generator 50 is inserted into the electric power system S, the generator 50 is suddenly loaded, and the rotational speed of the generator rotor 51 and the turbine rotor 21 is rapidly reduced.
- the turbine bypass valve 75 is momentarily fully closed at the same time as the generator 50 is inserted, and the compressed air sent from the compressor 10 is not sent to the turbine 20 but is sent to the turbine bypass pipe 74. Then, the compressed air exhausted from the exhaust duct 28 is sent to the turbine 20 so that the rotational speeds of the generator rotor 51 and the turbine rotor 21 are maintained at the rated rotational speed Nd.
- the turbine 20 is basically controlled by adjusting the number of heliostats 40 that irradiate the heat receiver 30 with sunlight.
- the adjustment of the number of heliostats 40 is performed by the heliostat control unit 84.
- the turbine bypass valve 75 when the load of the electric power system S changes abruptly, or when the temperature measured by the heat receiver outlet thermometer 38 or the heat receiving pipe thermometer 39 exceeds the respective upper limit values, the turbine bypass valve 75. These cases are handled by adjusting the valve opening.
- the period during which the electric motor 61 is driven is the solar thermal power generation of the present embodiment. It is a speed-up process in equipment. Further, in this embodiment, the period (t4 to t6) from when the turbine bypass valve 75 starts to fully close until it is fully closed is the concurrent process control step in the solar thermal power generation facility of this embodiment.
- the rotational torque of the turbine rotor 21 at the time of startup can be suitably controlled, and as a result, the rotor rotational speed at the time of startup can be suitably controlled.
- the rotational torque of the turbine rotor 21 at the time of start-up is controlled by the valve opening degree of the turbine bypass valve 75.
- the valve opening degree of other valves Controls rotational torque.
- a heat receiver bypass pipe 76 that connects the compressed air pipe 71 and the heated air pipe 73 is provided, and a heat receiver bypass valve 77 is provided in the heat receiver bypass pipe 76. Then, by adjusting the valve opening degree of the heat receiver bypass valve 77 in the same manner as the valve opening degree of the turbine bypass valve 75 and controlling the rotational torque of the turbine rotor 21, the rotor rotational speed at the time of starting is controlled. It may be.
- the reheat air pipe 72 is provided with a discharge pipe 78 for releasing compressed air passing therethrough to the atmosphere, and a discharge valve 79 is provided here.
- the rotational torque of the turbine rotor 21 may be controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the air discharge valve 79 in the same manner as the opening degree of the turbine bypass valve 75.
- a means for bypassing a part of the compressed air from the compressor 10 to the turbine 20 or the heat receiver 30 is provided, and by this means, the flow rate of the compressed air to be bypassed is adjusted, and the turbine rotor at start-up is adjusted.
- the rotational torque of the turbine 21 can be suitably controlled by any method.
- the number of means for bypassing the turbine 20 or the heat receiver 30 is not necessarily one, and may be plural. In this case, a plurality of means may be used in combination to control the rotational torque of the turbine rotor 21 at startup.
- This modification is configured by changing the activation device 60 in the above embodiment.
- the starter 60 a of this modification includes a generator 50 a that also functions as an electric motor, and an inverter (rotational speed conversion mechanism) 69 that controls the rotational speed of the generator 50 a. .
- the generator 50a that also functions as an electric motor is electrically connected to the electric power system S via the generator breaker 55 as in the above embodiment.
- the generator 50 a is further electrically connected to the inverter 69 via the output circuit breaker 57.
- the inverter 69 is electrically connected to the power system S via the input side circuit breaker 58.
- the control apparatus 80a of this modification is Instead of the torque converter control unit 82 in the above embodiment, an inverter control unit 86 is provided.
- the heliostat control unit 84 outputs an irradiation on command to the plurality of heliostats 40 (t0), and the temperature measured by the heat receiver outlet thermometer 38 or the heat receiving pipe thermometer 39 is determined in advance.
- the circuit breaker control unit 83 outputs a close command to the input side circuit breaker 58 and the output side circuit breaker 57 according to an instruction from the integrated control unit 81 To do.
- system power starts to be supplied to the generator 50a via the inverter 69, and the generator 50a starts to be driven as an electric motor.
- the inverter control part 86 starts control of the inverter 69 simultaneously with this, for example.
- the inverter control unit 86 includes, for example, a control command including the target rotational speed or a value corresponding to the target rotational speed so that the generator 50a as an electric motor has a target rotor rotational speed indicated by a predetermined rotational speed pattern. Is output to the inverter 69. Specifically, the rotation speed pattern is obtained at each time from the start of the start of the generator 50a so that the increase rate per unit time of the rotor speed becomes a predetermined increase from the start of the start of the generator 50a as the electric motor. The target rotor speed at is determined. As a result, the rotor rotational speed, which is the rotational speed of the generator rotor 51, the compressor rotor 11 and the turbine rotor 21, gradually increases with time. Note that the output power of the inverter 69 increases as the number of rotations of the turbine 20 increases, as shown in FIG.
- the inverter control by the inverter control unit 86 is performed as in the above embodiment.
- the rotor rotation speed may be temporarily suspended to wait until the temperature measured by the heat receiver outlet thermometer 38 or the heat receiving pipe thermometer 39 reaches a predetermined temperature (for example, 50 to 700 ° C.). Then, when the temperature measured by the heat receiver outlet thermometer 38 or the heat receiving tube thermometer 39 reaches a predetermined temperature (t3), the inverter control by the inverter control unit 86 may be executed again.
- the bypass valve control unit 85 of the control device 80a outputs a valve opening degree command to the turbine bypass valve 75 in response to an instruction from the integrated control unit 81.
- the turbine bypass valve 75 is opened to the indicated valve opening.
- the amount of heating to the compressed air in the heat receiver 30 increases with time, and the force to rotate the turbine rotor 21 with this compressed air increases. Therefore, the turbine bypass valve 75 is opened, and the turbine The flow of heated compressed air sent to 20 is reduced.
- the bypass valve control unit 85 determines the valve opening of the turbine bypass valve 75 so that the valve opening of the turbine bypass valve 75 becomes a target valve opening indicated by a predetermined valve opening pattern, for example. Specifically, in the valve opening pattern, for example, from the valve opening 0 to a predetermined valve opening, the increasing rate of the valve opening per unit time becomes a predetermined increasing rate, and thereafter becomes a constant valve opening. ing.
- the torque components that rotate the turbine rotor 21 by the heated compressed air are the torque components that rotate the turbine rotor 21 by the generator 50a over time. Is relatively large. For this reason, although the rotational speed control of the generator rotor 51 by the inverter 69 is executed, the output power sent from the inverter 69 to the generator 50a tends to decrease after a certain point in time.
- the rotational speed control of the generator rotor 51 by the inverter 69 is continued even after the rotor rotational speed reaches the rated rotational speed Nd (t5). This is because in the present modification, the adjustment of the valve opening degree of the turbine bypass valve 75 is not intended to control the rotor speed as in the above embodiment.
- the circuit breaker control unit 83 causes the input side circuit breaker 58 and the output side circuit breaker 57 to be in response to an instruction from the integrated control unit 81. Is output to the generator breaker 55 and a close command is output to the generator breaker 55. As a result, no grid power is supplied to the generator 50a via the inverter 69, and the generator 50a does not function as an electric motor. Further, at this time, the electric power system S and the generator 50a are electrically connected. That is, the generator 50a is inserted into the power system S, and power supply from the generator 50a to the power system S is started.
- the turbine 20 is basically controlled by adjusting the number of heliostats 40 that irradiate the heat receiver 30 with sunlight, as in the above embodiment.
- the rotational torque of the turbine rotor 21 at the time of startup can be suitably controlled.
- a heat receiver bypass valve 77 and an air discharge valve 79 are provided, whereby the rotation of the turbine rotor 21 at the time of startup is provided.
- the torque may be controlled.
- the turbine bypass valve 75 when the generators 50 and 50a are inserted into the power system S, the turbine bypass valve 75 is instantaneously fully closed. However, if the opening degree of the turbine bypass valve 75 is instantaneously reduced when the generators 50 and 50a are combined, and the flow rate of the compressed air flowing through the turbine bypass pipe 74 is instantaneously reduced, the valve is not fully closed. May be.
- the reheater 25 is provided on the exhaust side of the turbine 20, but the reheater 25 is not essential in the solar thermal power generation facility.
- the rotational torque of the turbine rotor can be suitably controlled at startup.
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Abstract
Description
この場合、前記制御装置は、併入時に、前記バイパス手段よりバイパスさせる前記圧縮媒体の流量を0にさせてもよい。
前記バイパス手段がバイパスさせる前記圧縮媒体の流量を調節するバイパス流量調節弁を有している場合には、前記制御装置は、前記併入時に、前記バイパス流量調節弁の弁開度を全閉にしてもよい。
この場合、前記制御装置は、前記併入時以前に前記起動装置による前記タービンロータの回転補助を停止させてもよい。
前記太陽熱発電設備において、前記バイパス手段は、前記圧縮機で圧縮された前記圧縮媒体の少なくとも一部を、前記受熱器よりも上流側から前記受熱器に対してバイパスさせ、前記受熱器よりも下流側且つ前記タービンよりも上流側に前記圧縮媒体を導く受熱器バイパス配管と、前記受熱器バイパス配管を流れる前記圧縮媒体の流量を調節する受熱器バイパス弁と、を有し、前記制御装置は、前記受熱器バイパス弁の弁開度を調節してもよい。
前記太陽熱発電設備において、前記バイパス手段は、前記圧縮機で圧縮された前記圧縮媒体の少なくとも一部を前記受熱器よりも上流側から大気に放出する放風配管と、前記放風配管から大気に流出する前記圧縮媒体の流量を調節する放風弁と、を有し、前記制御装置は、前記放風弁の弁開度を調節してもよい。
この場合、前記併入過程制御工程では、前記併入時に、バイパスさせる前記圧縮媒体の流量を0にさせてもよい。
まず、図1及び図2を参照して、太陽熱発電設備の一実施形態について説明する。
受熱器30で加熱された圧縮空気は、加熱空気配管73を経て、タービン20に送られ、タービンロータ21を回転させる。タービンロータ21を回転させた圧縮空気は排気空気として、再熱器25を経て、排気ダクト28から大気に排気される。この過程で、再熱器25において、排気空気と圧縮空気配管71を通ってきた圧縮空気との熱交換により、この圧縮空気が加熱される。
次に、以上で説明した太陽熱発電設備の一実施形態の第一変形例について、図3を用いて説明する。
次に、以上で説明した太陽熱発電設備の一実施形態の第二変形例について、図4及び図5を用いて説明する。
11 圧縮機ロータ
20 タービン
21 タービンロータ
25 再熱器
28 排気ダクト
30 受熱器
40 ヘリオスタット
50,50a 発電機
60,60a 起動装置
61 電動機
64 トルクコンバータ
69 インバータ
71 圧縮空気配管
72 再熱空気配管
73 加熱空気配管
74 タービンバイパス配管
75 タービンバイパス弁
76 受熱器バイパス配管
77 受熱器バイパス弁
78 放風配管
79 放風弁
80,80a 制御装置
81 統合制御部
82 トルクコンバータ制御部
83 遮断器制御部
84 ヘイオスタット制御部
85 バイパス弁制御部
86 インバータ制御部
Claims (15)
- 作動媒体を圧縮して圧縮媒体を生成する圧縮機と、
太陽光を受けて前記圧縮媒体を加熱する受熱器と、
前記受熱器で加熱された前記圧縮媒体でタービンロータが回転するタービンと、
前記タービンロータの回転で発電する発電機と、
起動時に前記タービンロータを回転させる起動装置と、
前記圧縮機からの前記圧縮媒体の少なくとも一部を前記タービン又は前記受熱器に対してバイパスさせるバイパス手段と、
前記起動装置によるロータ回転数の昇速過程で前記ロータ回転数が定格回転数になる以前から、前記バイパス手段により、前記圧縮媒体をバイパスさせておき、バイパスさせる前記圧縮媒体の流量を調節させて、前記タービンロータの回転トルクを制御する制御装置と、
を備えている太陽熱発電設備。 - 請求項1に記載の太陽熱発電設備において、
前記制御装置は、前記ロータ回転数が前記定格回転数になった後、前記発電機が電力系統に接続される併入時に、前記バイパス手段によりバイパスさせる前記圧縮媒体の流量を瞬間的に減少させる
太陽熱発電設備。 - 請求項2に記載の太陽熱発電設備において、
前記制御装置は、前記併入時に、前記バイパス手段よりバイパスさせる前記圧縮媒体の流量を0にさせる
太陽熱発電設備。 - 請求項2に記載の太陽熱発電設備において、
前記バイパス手段は、バイパスさせる前記圧縮媒体の流量を調節するバイパス流量調節弁を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記併入時に、前記バイパス流量調節弁の弁開度を全閉にする
太陽熱発電設備。 - 請求項2から4のいずれか一項に記載の太陽熱発電設備において、
前記制御装置は、前記併入直前まで、実際の前記ロータ回転数が予め定められている起動時のロータ回転数パターンに近づくように、前記バイパス手段により、バイパスさせる前記圧縮媒体の流量を調節させる
太陽熱発電設備。 - 請求項5に記載の太陽熱発電設備において、
前記制御装置は、前記併入時以前に前記起動装置による前記タービンロータの回転補助を停止させる
太陽熱発電設備。 - 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の太陽熱発電設備において、
前記起動装置は、起動時に前記タービンロータを回転させる電動機と、入力軸から出力軸に伝わるトルクの比率を変えるトルク比変換機構と、を有し、
前記トルク比変換機構の前記入力軸は、前記電動機の出力軸に接続され、
前記トルク比変換機構の前記出力軸は、前記タービンロータに接続され、
前記制御装置は、起動時に前記トルク比変換機構に対して、時間経過に応じた前記トルク比の目標値に対応した制御指令を出力して、前記起動装置から前記タービンロータに伝わる回転トルクを高めて前記ロータ回転数を昇速させる
太陽熱発電設備。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の太陽熱発電設備において、
前記起動装置は、起動時に前記タービンロータを回転させる電動機として機能する前記発電機と、前記発電機に供給する電力を制御することで前記発電機の回転数を変える回転数変換機構と、を有し、
前記制御装置は、起動時に前記回転数変換機構に対して、時間経過に応じた前記発電機の回転数の目標値に応じた制御指令を出力して、前記起動装置により前記ロータ回転数を昇速させる
太陽熱発電設備。 - 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の太陽熱発電設備において、
前記バイパス手段は、前記受熱器よりも上流側で前記圧縮媒体をバイパスさせる
太陽熱発電設備。 - 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の太陽熱発電設備において、
前記バイパス手段は、前記圧縮機で圧縮された前記圧縮媒体の少なくとも一部を前記タービンよりも上流側から前記タービンの排気側に導くタービンバイパス配管と、前記タービンバイパス配管を流れる前記圧縮媒体の流量を調節するタービンバイパス弁と、を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記タービンバイパス弁の弁開度を調節する
太陽熱発電設備。 - 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の太陽熱発電設備において、
前記バイパス手段は、前記圧縮機で圧縮された前記圧縮媒体の少なくとも一部を前記受熱器よりも上流側から前記受熱器に対してバイパスさせ、前記受熱器よりも下流側且つ前記タービンよりも上流側に前記圧縮媒体を導く受熱器バイパス配管と、前記受熱器バイパス配管を流れる前記圧縮媒体の流量を調節する受熱器バイパス弁と、を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記受熱器バイパス弁の弁開度を調節する
太陽熱発電設備。 - 請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の太陽熱発電設備において、
前記バイパス手段は、前記圧縮機で圧縮された前記圧縮媒体の少なくとも一部を前記受熱器よりも上流側から大気に放出する放風配管と、前記放風配管から大気に流出する前記圧縮媒体の流量を調節する放風弁と、を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記放風弁の弁開度を調節する
太陽熱発電設備。 - 作動媒体を圧縮して圧縮媒体を生成する圧縮機と、太陽光を受けて前記圧縮媒体を加熱する受熱器と、前記受熱器で加熱された前記圧縮媒体によってタービンロータが回転するタービンと、前記タービンロータの回転で発電する発電機と、起動時に前記タービンロータを回転させる起動装置と、を備えている太陽熱発電設備の起動方法において、
前記起動装置で前記タービンロータの回転数を昇速させる昇速工程と、
前記昇速工程中であって、前記タービンロータの回転数が定格回転数になる以前から、前記圧縮機からの前記圧縮媒体の少なくとも一部を前記タービン又は前記受熱器に対してバイパスさせておき、バイパスさせる前記圧縮媒体の流量を調節して、前記発電機が電力系統に接続される併入時迄の前記タービンロータの回転トルクを制御する併入過程制御工程と、
を実行する太陽熱発電設備の起動方法。 - 請求項13に記載の太陽熱発電設備の起動方法において、
前記併入過程制御工程では、前記併入時に、バイパスさせる前記圧縮媒体の流量を瞬間的に減少させる
太陽熱発電設備の起動方法。 - 請求項14に記載の太陽熱発電設備の起動方法において、
前記併入過程制御工程では、前記併入時に、バイパスさせる前記圧縮媒体の流量を0にさせる
太陽熱発電設備の起動方法。
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JP6320228B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-31 | 2018-05-09 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 太陽熱空気タービン発電システム |
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