WO2013137669A1 - 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자, 이를 포함하는 메타물질 및 소자 - Google Patents
메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자, 이를 포함하는 메타물질 및 소자 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013137669A1 WO2013137669A1 PCT/KR2013/002079 KR2013002079W WO2013137669A1 WO 2013137669 A1 WO2013137669 A1 WO 2013137669A1 KR 2013002079 W KR2013002079 W KR 2013002079W WO 2013137669 A1 WO2013137669 A1 WO 2013137669A1
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- coiling
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- artificial atom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/002—Devices for damping, suppressing, obstructing or conducting sound in acoustic devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an artificial atom in which a space is coiled, a metamaterial made by arranging the same, and a device including the same.
- Metamaterials include at least one artificial atomic unit that is patterned in any size and shape smaller than the wavelength, and are materials that are artificially arranged and structured. Each artificial atom included in the metamaterial exhibits certain characteristics in response to electromagnetic or sound waves applied to the metamaterial.
- metamaterials can be designed and manufactured to have any effective refractive index and effective material coefficient that are not present in nature with respect to electromagnetic or acoustic waves. As a result, these metamaterials create new phenomena such as subwavelength focusing, negative refraction, extraordinary transmission, and invisibility cloaking.
- This phenomenon caused by metamaterials also occurs in photonic or phononic crystals. However, in this case, this phenomenon occurs only near the diffraction region with a high operating frequency. There is a problem that it is difficult to expect the application using the effective material coefficient. That is, the size of the artificial atom is limited so as not to be smaller than the wavelength.
- the present disclosure provides a coiled artificial atom.
- the present disclosure provides a metamaterial comprising the artificial atom described above.
- the present disclosure provides a device including the metamaterial described above.
- Coil-based artificial atom of the metamaterial for coiling the first space; And a second coiling part coiling a second space and connected to the first coiling part.
- At least one of the first and second coiling parts may allow the incident wave to exit in a zigzag manner.
- At least one of the first and second coiling units may be formed by continuously connecting a plurality of channels through which the wave travels.
- a propagation direction of waves between neighboring channels among the plurality of channels may be different.
- neighboring channels among the plurality of channels may be separated by one plate.
- the width of the plurality of channels may be smaller than the wavelength of the wave.
- the channel of the first coiling unit and the channel of the second coiling unit may be continuously connected.
- the wave may be at least one of sound waves, electromagnetic waves, and elastic waves.
- At least one of the first and second coiling units may coil the space into at least one of two and three dimensions.
- the first coiling unit and the second coiling unit may be rotationally symmetrical based on a point where the first coiling unit and the second coiling unit are connected.
- first coiling part and the second coiling part may be anisotropic.
- the first coiling part and the second coiling part may be isotropic.
- a third coiling coil coiling a third space and connected to the first and second coiling portions; And a fourth coiling part connected to the first to third coiling parts by coiling a fourth space.
- the first to fourth coiling parts may be connected to each other at the center of the artificial atom.
- the artificial atom may be isotropic.
- the refractive index of the artificial atom may be proportional to the path length of the wave traveling through the artificial atom.
- the refractive index of the artificial atom may be 4 or more.
- the artificial atom may be negative for at least one of an effective density and an effective volume modulus for waves of a specific frequency band.
- the artificial atom may have a negative refractive index for waves of a specific frequency band.
- the lattice constant of the artificial atom may be smaller than the wavelength of the wave.
- the third coiling unit and the fourth coiling unit may be rotationally symmetrical based on a point where the third coiling unit and the fourth coiling unit are connected.
- a third coiling part coiling a third space and connected to the first and second coiling parts, wherein the first to third coiling parts are rotationally symmetrical with respect to the center of the artificial atom.
- the effective traveling rooms of the waves in each of the first to third coiling units may not exist on one two-dimensional plane.
- the meta-material according to an embodiment of the present invention may be arranged a plurality of coil-based artificial atoms described above, the meta-material is a plurality of artificial atoms of at least one form of one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional Can be arranged as.
- the device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the metamaterial described above, and converts the characteristics of the wave incident by the metamaterial.
- the coil-based artificial atom of the meta-material according to another embodiment of the present invention, the incident portion that the wave is incident; An output unit for outputting the wave; And a coiling unit configured to coil the space so that the wave incident from the incidence unit may be zigzag and output through the emission unit.
- the coiling unit may be formed by continuously connecting a plurality of channels through which the wave travels.
- the sum of the traveling directions of the waves traveling through the plurality of channels may be the same as the direction from the incident part to the exit part.
- the refractive index of the meta-material structure may be proportional to the path length of the wave traveling through the coiling part.
- the coil-based artificial atom of the meta-material according to another embodiment of the present invention, the incident portion that the wave is incident; An output unit for outputting the wave; And a coiling part connected to the incidence part from the incidence part and guiding the movement of the wave, wherein a path length of the wave traveling through the coiling part is longer than a linear distance between the incidence part and the outgoing part.
- Coiled artificial atoms can be used to change the characteristics of the incident wave.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a coiled artificial atom according to an embodiment.
- Figure 2a is a view showing a two-dimensional artificial atom in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2B is a simplified representation of the coiling effect of the two-dimensional artificial atom shown in FIG. 2A.
- 3A is a diagram showing a band structure (relationship between frequency and wave vector) of the two-dimensional artificial atom of FIG. 2A.
- 3B to 3D are diagrams illustrating EFCs (Equi-Frequency Contours) of the first to third bands of FIG. 3A.
- 4A is a diagram illustrating relative effective refractive index (solid line) and relative effective impedance (dashed line) according to the frequency of the two-dimensional artificial atom of FIG. 2A.
- 4B is a diagram showing the effective density (solid line) and the effective volume modulus (dashed line) according to the frequency of the two-dimensional artificial atom of FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 5 is a view schematically showing a three-dimensional artificial atom according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a prism generated by a combination of the one-dimensional artificial atom shown in FIG. 1 and the two-dimensional artificial atom shown in FIG. 2.
- 7A is a result of simulating a wave pressure field pattern when a solid plate intercepting more than half of the width of the waveguide on the waveguide is inserted.
- FIG. 7B is a result of simulating the wave pressure field pattern when the metamaterial of one embodiment is disposed around the solid plate shown in FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a lens formed of a metamaterial according to an embodiment.
- an artificial atom coils an incident part 120 at which a wave is incident, an exit part 140 at which the wave is output, and a space so that the wave incident from the incident part 120 proceeds in a zigzag manner. It includes a coiling unit 130 output to the outside through the exit unit 140.
- the wave incident on the artificial atom 100 may be a sound file. Sound waves undergo perforation of the sub-wavelength cross-sectional area without a cutoff frequency. In addition, since the sound waves are scalar fields, such perforations can proceed freely in a curved space that is sold even if they are coiled.
- the coiling unit 130 may coil a space by connecting a plurality of channels 150, 160, and 170 continuously.
- the advancing direction of the wave between neighboring channels may be different from each other, and the vector sum of the advancing direction of the wave traveling through the entire channel may coincide with the direction from the incident part 120 to the exit part 140.
- the coiling unit 130 may coil the space in two or three dimensions with the plurality of channels.
- the coiling unit 130 when the coiling unit 130 is formed of two channels 150 and 160, the coiling unit 130 has an end in which one end is connected to the incidence unit 120 and guides the wave to travel in the first direction.
- the channel 150 and one end may be connected to the exit unit 140 and may include an exit channel 160 that guides the wave to travel in the second direction.
- the coiling unit 130 may further include at least one intermediate channel 170 disposed between the incident channel 150 and the exit channel 160 to guide the wave to travel in the third direction.
- the direction of wave propagation between neighboring channels may be different from each other, but the vector sum of the direction of wave propagation through the entire channel may be the same as the direction from the incident part 120 to the exit part 140.
- the directions of the incident part 120 and the exit part 140 are referred to as effective traveling directions of waves incident on the artificial atom 100.
- the coiling unit 130 coils the space in two dimensions, the propagation directions of waves in the odd-numbered and even-numbered channels are different from each other based on the incidence unit 120, but the waves travel between the odd-numbered channels.
- the directions may be the same and the propagation directions of waves between even channels may be the same.
- the coiling unit 130 illustrates a state in which a space is coiled into seven channels.
- the coiling unit 130 has one end connected to the incident part 120 and an incident channel 150 for guiding the wave to travel in the first direction, and one end connected to the incident channel and the wave in the second direction.
- a first intermediate channel 170a for guiding the movement a second intermediate channel 170b for connecting one end to the first intermediate channel 170a and guiding the wave traveling in the third direction, and a second intermediate channel for A third intermediate channel 170c connected to 170b) and guiding the wave traveling in the fourth direction, and one end connected to the third intermediate channel 170c and guiding the wave traveling in the fifth direction.
- the wave is in the seventh direction As it may comprise the outgoing channel 160 for guiding to proceed.
- the advancing direction of the waves of the odd-numbered channel, that is, the incident channel 150, the second intermediate channel 170b, the fourth intermediate channel 170d, and the exit channel 160 is the same, and the even-numbered channel, that is, the first intermediate channel ( 170a), the traveling directions of the waves of the third intermediate channel 170c and the fifth intermediate channel 170e are also the same.
- the degree of coiling and the like of the coiling unit may vary depending on the purpose of changing the characteristics of the wave.
- the degree of coiling may be defined as the number of channels that change the direction of wave propagation, that is, the number of changes in the direction of wave propagation, the total moving distance of the wave in the coiling, and the like.
- the width d of the channel may be smaller than the lattice constant (a). It may be smaller than the wavelength of the traveling wave. For example, the width d of the channel may be 0.081 times the lattice constant a.
- the wave proceeding in the coiling unit 130 proceeds in a zigzag manner. Since the wave proceeds in a zigzag manner to the coiling unit 130, the wave incident on the artificial atom 100 may travel longer than the lattice constant (a). For example, the path length of the wave formed by the coiling unit 130 may be 4.2 or more of the lattice constant.
- neighboring channels may be separated by one plate 180 to minimize the volume of the artificial atom 100.
- the plate 180 may be in the form of a thin film having a narrow width w, and may be formed of a solid material such as a metal or a polymer such as brass.
- the length L of the plate 180 may be smaller than the length of the lattice constant (a).
- the length of the plate 180 may be 0.61 times the lattice constant (a).
- the width of the plate 180 is preferably considerably smaller than the lattice constant (a).
- the width of the plate may be 0.02 times the lattice constant.
- the artificial atom shown in FIG. 1 includes one coiling unit, and waves, for example, sound waves or electromagnetic waves, proceed in one effective traveling direction through artificial atoms.
- the artificial atoms shown in FIG. 1 may be referred to as one-dimensional artificial atoms.
- the one-dimensional artificial atoms can be arranged to form a metamaterial.
- One-dimensional artificial atoms can be arranged in one, two or three dimensions. According to the arrangement of one-dimensional artificial atoms, meta-materials are emitted by modifying the characteristics of the incident wave.
- the artificial atom of the metamaterial may include a plurality of coiling parts having different effective travel directions of waves.
- FIG. 2A is a view illustrating a two-dimensional artificial atom according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2A, the two-dimensional artificial atom may be formed by combining a plurality of coiling parts having different effective travel directions of waves. The effective traveling direction of the wave traveling through the plurality of coiling portions exists on the two-dimensional plane.
- FIG. 2A four coiling parts 210, 220, 230, and 240 are coupled to each other for convenience of description.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and two or more coiling units may be combined to form a two-dimensional artificial atom.
- the characteristic change of the wave when four coiling parts 210, 220, 230, and 240 are combined will be described.
- each of the coiling parts 210, 220, 230, and 240 coils the space so that the incident wave travels zigzag.
- the coiling unit may coil the space in two or three dimensions.
- each of the first to fourth coiling parts 210, 220, 230, and 240 is disposed at the center point C of the 2D artificial atom and is connected to each other.
- Each of the coiling parts 210, 220, 230, and 240 may be disposed to be rotationally symmetrical with other coiling parts 210, 220, 230, and 240 based on the center point C.
- the first coiling unit 210 when the first coiling unit 210 is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the center point C, the first coiling unit 210 coincides with the second coiling unit 220 and the second coiling unit 220 is referred to the center point C. If rotated 90 degrees to match the third coiling unit 230, and rotates the third coiling unit 230 by 90 degrees relative to the center point (C) coincides with the fourth coiling unit 240, the fourth coil When the ring part 240 is rotated 90 degrees with respect to the center point C, the first to fourth coiling parts 210, 220, 230, and 240 may be disposed to match the first coiling part 210.
- first coiling part 210 and the third coiling part 230 are symmetrically disposed with respect to the center point C
- the second coiling part 220 and the fourth coiling part 240 are center points ( It can be arranged symmetrically with respect to C).
- the effective traveling direction of the wave in the first coiling unit 210 and the third coiling unit 230 may correspond to the effective traveling direction of the wave in the second coiling unit 220 and the fourth coiling unit 240.
- the wave incident on the 2D artificial atom may be emitted to the outside by going through at least one of the first to fourth coiling parts 210, 220, 230, and 240.
- the wave incident from the outside through the first coiling unit 210 passes through the first coiling unit 210 and then the second to fourth coiling units 220, 230, and 240 at the center C of the 2D artificial atom.
- each of the waves can be emitted to the outside through the second to fourth coiling parts 220, 230, 240, respectively.
- the wave may be distributed to all of the second to fourth coiling parts 220, 230, and 240, or may be distributed only to some coiling parts.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram of a simplified channel shape in order to explain the coiling effect of the two-dimensional artificial atom shown in FIG. 2A. That is, the 'X' shape shown in FIG. 2B represents an area of channels that are equivalent to the coiling channel of FIG. 2A. And the remaining area represents the plates forming the channels.
- the refractive index n 0r of the channel region represented by the 'X' shape is the incident part 120 through the coiling part 130 for the speed of the wave passing from the incident part 120 to the exit part 140 when there is no channel. It can be defined as a value divided by the speed of the wave passing through the exit unit 140 from.
- the refractive index n 0r of the channel is 4.2.
- achieving high refractive index and corresponding phase retardation of the wave can be implemented by bending the channels as desired.
- the metamaterial based on the coiled artificial atomic unit operates effectively even with a low frequency sound wave without diffraction effect, which makes it possible to reduce the size of the device controlling the sound wave using the metamaterial.
- a dispersion relationship (eg, a relationship between a frequency and a wave vector) in the 2D artificial atom 1000 will be described.
- the dispersion relation in the two-dimensional artificial atom 200 may be approximately obtained as in Equation 1 below.
- each represents the delay phase of the bleach wave in the C'A 'and C'B' direction of Figure 2b
- k 0 represents the wave number of the wave in the channel
- n or2 is the first and second coiling unit 210
- a refractive index of 220 is the same.
- the normalized frequency ( ⁇ a / (2 ⁇ c): ⁇ is the angular frequency of the sound waves, c is the air velocity of the sound waves) is an integer multiple of 1 / n 0r2 .
- the position in the frequency domain of the band can be adjusted by n 0r 2 or the wave path length in the coiling section.
- the longer the path length the larger the refractive index n 0r2 .
- two-dimensional artificial atoms can be made so that band folding occurs even at sufficiently low frequencies, and metamaterials composed of these two-dimensional artificial atoms can still be described by the effective density and the effective volume modulus near the ⁇ point.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating a band structure (relationship between frequency and wave vector) of the two-dimensional artificial atom of FIG. 2A
- FIGS. 3B to 3D are diagrams illustrating EFCs (Equi-Frequency Contours) of the first to third bands of FIG. 3A. It is a figure which shows.
- the first solid line L1 represents a band characteristic of waves in air
- the second solid line L2 represents a band structure of a two-dimensional artificial atom according to Equation (1).
- the first to fifth bands L3 to L7 are formed from a low frequency to a high frequency.
- the second and fourth bands L4 and L6 near the frequencies of 0.11 and 0.22 are formed to have a slope of almost zero.
- the ⁇ X direction of FIG. 3A corresponds to the CB direction of FIG. 2A.
- the band structure and equations of the simulation except for small frequency shifts, due to the finite magnitude of the width of the channel in the region representing the circle (a1, a2, a3) at the point ⁇ , M, and each of the two-dimensional artificial atoms.
- the band structure of 1 is almost similar. The lower the frequency of the wave, the smaller the width of the channel is than the wavelength of the wave. Thus, it can be seen that the band structure according to the simulation result and the band structure according to Equation 1 coincide with each other.
- the slopes of the dispersion relationship in the ⁇ X and ⁇ M directions near the ⁇ point are almost the same in the first, third and fifth bands L3, L5, L7 due to the band folding.
- the three bands i.e., the band ⁇ a / (2 ⁇ c), from 0 to 0.04, from 0.18 to 0.218, from 0.22 to 0.26, have a circle with a radius varying within 5%. You can see that it is close.
- the relative refractive index can be extracted by comparing the size of the EFCs with the dispersion relationship in the air (black dotted line).
- a negative refractive index of 0 to -1 can be obtained in the third band L5, and a positive refractive index of less than 1 can be obtained in the fifth band L7.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating relative effective refractive index (solid line) and relative effective impedance (dashed line) according to the frequency of the two-dimensional artificial atom of FIG. 2A
- FIG. 4B is an effective density (solid line) according to the frequency of the two-dimensional artificial atom of FIG. 2A.
- the relative effective refractive index shown in FIG. 4A is the same as the relative effective refractive index shown in FIG. 3A.
- ⁇ r and B r may be constant.
- ⁇ r and B r may be constant.
- n r 6
- This two-dimensional artificial atom is effective in obtaining high refractive index which is hardly present in the natural world.
- ⁇ r changes from negative to positive.
- rho r becomes 0 at the point where the frequency a / (2 ⁇ c), which is the lower edge of the band gap, is 0.218.
- 1 / Br also changes from negative to positive, and 1 / Br becomes zero near the frequency (a / (2 ⁇ c)) 0.22, which is the upper edge of the bandgap.
- Below the bandgap there is a frequency domain where ⁇ r , Br, and nr become negative at the same time.
- ⁇ r , Br overlap different kinds of resonances to become negative at the same time double negative
- a double negative can be generated by coiling the space to realize a sufficiently large n 0r .
- the two-dimensional artificial atom is formed of four rotationally symmetrical coiling parts, but is not limited thereto.
- two-dimensional artificial atoms can be formed by combining two rotationally symmetrical coiling parts.
- two-dimensional artificial atoms may also be formed by combining a plurality of coiling parts which are not symmetrical with each other, or two-dimensional artificial atoms may be formed by combining a plurality of coiling parts having different coiling degrees. That is, two-dimensional artificial atoms may be formed by combining anisotropic coiling parts.
- the arrangement relationship of the coiling parts, the degree of coiling of each coiling part, etc. may vary depending on the purpose of changing the characteristics of the wave. That is, material coefficients (eg, refractive index, impedance, elastic modulus, density) of artificial atoms are variously changed according to the arrangement relationship of the coiling parts and the degree of coiling of each coiling part.
- FIG. 5 is a view schematically showing a three-dimensional artificial atom according to an embodiment.
- the three-dimensional artificial atom 310 may be formed by combining a plurality of coiling parts having different effective travel directions of waves in three dimensions.
- the curve in FIG. 5 represents the coiling part.
- six coiling units 300 may be combined to form three-dimensional artificial atoms.
- the coiling unit 310 may coil the space in two or three dimensions.
- Each coiling unit 310 is connected to a center of the 3D artificial atom, and when the coiling unit 310 is rotated 90 degrees with respect to the center of the 3D artificial atom, the coiling unit 310 may coincide with the neighboring coiling unit 310. .
- the effective traveling directions of the waves in each coiling unit 310 may not exist on one two-dimensional plane.
- the arrangement relationship of the coiling parts 310 and the degree of coiling of each coiling part 310 may be changed according to the purpose of changing the characteristics of the wave.
- Metamaterials may be formed by arranging one-dimensional artificial atoms in one, two, or three dimensions, or meta-materials may be formed by arranging two-dimensional artificial atoms in one, two, or three dimensions.
- the metamaterial may be formed by arranging three-dimensional artificial atoms in one, two, or three dimensions.
- the metamaterial may be formed by combining at least two of the one-dimensional artificial atom, the two-dimensional artificial atom, and the three-dimensional artificial atom and arranging them in one, two, or three dimensions.
- the metamaterial By controlling the degree of coiling of the coiling part included in the artificial atom, the metamaterial has an isotropic or anisotropic property. By coiling the space, if the metamaterial has a high refractive index, it can operate even at frequencies with low effective density and low volume modulus. Thus, the loss of waves can be reduced compared to conventional metamaterials using local resonance to obtain double negative, effective density near zero and positive refractive index.
- the device may be modified to modify the characteristics of the wave with the meta-material.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a prism generated by the combination of the one-dimensional artificial atom shown in FIG. 1 and the two-dimensional artificial atom shown in FIG. 2.
- a prism having an inclination angle of 45 degrees may be formed by arranging one-dimensional artificial atoms and two-dimensional artificial atoms in two dimensions. Then, a sound wave beam having a Gaussian-shaped amplitude distribution having a width of 15.4a and a normalized frequency? A / (2? C) in a vacuum state of 0.191 enters from the bottom of the prism.
- the relative effective refractive index n r -1 of the two-dimensional artificial atom at the above frequency.
- the beam can be deflected in the negative direction as it passes through the prism.
- artificial atoms may have a density close to zero at very low frequencies.
- tunneling may be caused in the waveguide.
- FIG. 7A is a result of simulating a wave pressure field pattern when a solid plate intercepting more than half of the width of the waveguide on the waveguide is inserted.
- the solid plate 720 is inserted into the center region of the waveguide 710, and the sound wave 730 of the plane wave enters from the left side to the right side of the waveguide.
- the plane wave is severely scattered because the solid plate 730 blocks more than half of the width of the waveguide 710.
- Figure 7b is a result of simulating the pressure field pattern of the wave when the metamaterial of one embodiment is disposed around the solid plate shown in Figure 7a.
- the metamaterial disposed in FIG. 7B may be formed by two-dimensionally arranging the two-dimensional artificial atoms of FIG. 2A.
- the scatterer solid plate 720 is surrounded by metamaterial 740.
- the plane wave maintains the plane wave without scattering even when passing through the solid plate wrapped with the meta material.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a lens formed of a metamaterial according to an embodiment.
- the lens 800 may be formed by arranging a plurality of two-dimensional artificial atoms 810, 820, and 830 in two dimensions.
- a two-dimensional artificial atom 810 having a large coiling degree may be disposed in the center of the lens 800, and two-dimensional artificial atoms 820 and 830 having a smaller coiling degree may be disposed toward the edge of the lens. . That is, a plurality of two-dimensional artificial atoms in which the degree of coiling gradually changes from the center to the edge of the lens 800 may be arranged and arranged.
- Such a lens may have a refractive index that varies gradually from the center to the edge.
- the metamaterial described above may not only control sound waves, but also control elastic waves or electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the element which modifies the characteristics of the elastic wave or the electromagnetic wave can also be made of the above-described metamaterial.
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Claims (30)
- 제1 공간을 코일링하는 제1 코일링부; 및제2 공간을 코일링하며, 상기 제1 코일링부와 연결된 제2 코일링부;를 포함하는 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 제1 및 제2 코일링부 중 적어도 하나는,입사된 파가 지그재그로 진행하여 출사되도록 하는 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 제1 및 제2 코일링부 중 적어도 하나는,상기 파가 진행하는 복수 개의 채널이 연속적으로 연결되어 형성된 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 3항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 채널 중 이웃하는 채널간의 파의 진행 방향은 서로 다른 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 3항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 채널 중 이웃하는 채널은 하나의 플레이트에 의해 분리되는 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 3항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 채널의 폭은 상기 파의 파장보다 작은 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 3항에 있어서,상기 제1 코일링부의 채널과 상기 제2 코일링부의 채널은 연속적으로 연결된 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 파는 음파, 전자파 및 탄성파 중 적어도 하나인 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 제1 및 제2 코일링부 중 적어도 하나는공간을 2차원 및 3차원 중 적어도 하나로 코일링하는 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 제1 코일링부와 상기 제2 코일링부는 상기 제1 코일링부와 상기 제2 코일링부가 연결된 지점을 기준으로 회전대칭인 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 제1 코일링부와 상기 제2 코일링부는 비등방성인 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 제1 코일링부와 상기 제2 코일링부는 등방성인 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 1항에 있어서,제3 공간을 코일링하며, 상기 제1 및 제2 코일링부와 연결된 제3 코일링부; 및제4 공간을 코일링하여, 상기 제1 내지 제3 코일링부와 연결된 제4 코일링부;를 포함하는 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 13항에 있어서,상기 제1 내지 제4 코일링부는 상기 인공원자의 중심에서 상호 연결되어 있는 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 13항에 있어서,상기 인공원자는 등방성인 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 13항에 있어서,상기 인공원자의 굴절률은 상기 인공 원자를 진행하는 파의 경로 길이에 비례하는 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 16항에 있어서,상기 인공원자의 굴절률은 4이상인 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 13항에 있어서,상기 인공원자는특정 주파수 대역의 파에 대해 유효 밀도 및 유효 체적 탄성률 중 적어도 하나가 음인 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 13항에 있어서,상기 인공원자는특정 주파수 대역의 파에 대해 음의 굴절률을 갖는 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 13항에 있어서,상기 인공원자의 격자 상수는 상기 파의 파장보다 작은 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 13항에 있어서,상기 제3 코일링부와 상기 제4 코일링부는 상기 제3 코일링부와 상기 제4 코일링부가 연결된 지점을 기준으로 회전대칭인 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 1항에 있어서,제3 공간을 코일링하며, 상기 제1 및 제2 코일링부와 연결된 제3 코일링부;를 더 포함하며,상기 제1 내지 제3 코일링부는 상기 인공원자의 중심을 기준으로 서로 회전 대칭이며, 상기 제1 내지 제3 코일링부 각각에서의 파의 유효 진행방향들은 하나의 2차원 상에 존재하지 않는 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 1항에 따른 메타물질의 코일 기반 인공원자 가 복수 개 배열된 메타물질.
- 제 23항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 인공원자는 1차원, 2차원 및 3차원 중 적어도 하나의 형태로 배열된 메타물질.
- 제 23항에 따른 메타물질을 포함하며, 상기한 메타물질에 의해 입사된 파의 특성을 변환시키는 소자.
- 파가 입사되는 입사부;상기 파가 출력되는 출사부; 및공간을 코일링시켜 상기 입사부에서 입사된 파가 지그재그로 진행하여 상기 출사부를 통해 출력되도록 하는 코일링부;를 포함하는 메타 물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 26항에 있어서,코일링부는상기 파가 진행하는 복수 개의 채널이 연속적으로 연결되어 형성된 메타 물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 27항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 채널들을 진행하는 파의 진행 방향에 대한 합은 상기 입사부에서 상기 출사부로의 방향과 동일한 메타 물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 제 26항에 있어서,상기 메타 물질 구조체의 굴절률은 상기 코일링부를 진행하는 파의 경로 길이에 비례하는 메타 물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
- 파가 입사되는 입사부;상기 파가 출력되는 출사부; 및상기 입사부로부터 상기 출사부까지 연결되고, 상기 파의 이동을 가이드하는 코일링부를 포함하고,상기 코일링부를 진행하는 파의 경로 길이는 상기 입사부와 상기 출사부 간의 직선거리보다 긴 메타 물질의 코일 기반 인공원자.
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