WO2013135135A1 - 用于餐馆的空调系统 - Google Patents

用于餐馆的空调系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013135135A1
WO2013135135A1 PCT/CN2013/071906 CN2013071906W WO2013135135A1 WO 2013135135 A1 WO2013135135 A1 WO 2013135135A1 CN 2013071906 W CN2013071906 W CN 2013071906W WO 2013135135 A1 WO2013135135 A1 WO 2013135135A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
air
heat exchanger
refrigeration system
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/071906
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
荣国华
Original Assignee
Rong Guohua
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201210063400.8A external-priority patent/CN102840717B/zh
Application filed by Rong Guohua filed Critical Rong Guohua
Publication of WO2013135135A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013135135A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0096Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater combined with domestic apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/02742Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using two four-way valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • F25B27/005Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in compression type systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272Solar heating or cooling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20Solar thermal

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of air conditioning refrigeration, and in particular relates to an air conditioning system for restaurants.
  • the restaurant consumes a large amount of fuel, generates a large amount of high-temperature fume exhaust gas, and high-temperature washing waste water.
  • the fume is discharged to the outside by the range hood and the exhaust hood, and the washing waste water is discharged into the sewer, and the heat energy is also followed. Emissions, no recycling, and the need to use hot energy to heat wash hot water, air conditioning hot water, thus wasting a lot of energy.
  • the low temperature cooling water or the outdoor cold air is used to cool the high temperature refrigerant, but in the kitchen, a large amount of low temperature washing wastewater is discharged, and the air conditioning room is to discharge a part of the low temperature air to the outside, and then A part of the fresh air is added, and the discharged waste water and waste gas contain a large amount of cold and are not recycled.
  • the existing air conditioning system can only send hot and cold air with a single performance.
  • the solution of the present invention is that the air conditioning system for a restaurant is composed of a refrigeration system, a ventilation system, and a power distribution control system.
  • the refrigeration system not only has room air conditioners, but also can send hot and cold air. It also has additional devices such as exhaust air heat absorbers, drain heat absorbers, water storage devices, and freezer refrigerators.
  • the exhaust air heat absorbers are installed in the oil smoke. In equipment that excludes high-temperature exhaust gas, such as machines and exhaust hoods, it exchanges heat with high-temperature exhaust gas such as oil smoke.
  • the drain heat absorber is installed in a place where high-temperature wastewater such as kitchen washing passes, and exchanges heat with high-temperature wastewater.
  • the exhaust heat absorber and the drain heat absorber are filled with water or refrigerant, and the heat discharged from the kitchen is collected into the water storage device through the circulation of the circulating water pump or the refrigeration system to provide the user with washing hot water and air conditioning hot water. At the same time, fuel is saved.
  • the air conditioning system also has an additional device such as a freezer for freezing and refrigerating food or other uses, adding a variety of functions, and can be widely used in restaurants, canteens, homes and the like.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of an air conditioning system for restaurants (1)
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of an air conditioning system for a restaurant (2)
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of an air conditioning system for a restaurant (3)
  • Figure 4 is a diagram of an air conditioning system for a restaurant (4)
  • Figure 5 is a diagram of an air conditioning system for a restaurant (5)
  • Figure 6 is a diagram of an air conditioning system for a restaurant (6)
  • Figure 7 is a diagram of an air conditioning system for a restaurant (7)
  • Figure 8 is a diagram of an air conditioning system for a restaurant (8)
  • Figure 9 is a diagram of an air conditioning system for a restaurant (9)
  • Figure 10 is a diagram of an air conditioning system for a restaurant (10)
  • Figure 11 is a diagram of an air conditioning system for a restaurant (11)
  • Figure 12 is a diagram of an air conditioning system for a restaurant (12)
  • Figure 1 is a A diagram of an air conditioning system for a restaurant showing the refrigeration system, ventilation system, and a power distribution control system.
  • the refrigeration system consists of room air conditioner 4, outdoor heat exchanger 5, compressor 7, Expansion restrictors 15, 16, 38, 39, additional devices, auxiliary devices, automatic control devices, circulation lines, refrigerants, which are sequentially connected into a multi-cycle refrigeration system,
  • the air conditioning system provides a source of cold and heat, and the attachment is a different function than the room air conditioner 4, with other special features.
  • the ventilation system consists of a duct, a damper, a fan, a heat exchanger, and ventilation additional equipment. Air conditioning systems provide both wind and heat sources.
  • the power distribution control system consists of a power distribution system and an automatic control system. It provides power to the refrigeration system and the ventilation system, and controls the system to operate automatically.
  • room air conditioner 4 As an evaporator and a condenser, circulating indoor air or outdoor fresh air, sending cold and hot air to the room. It uses a heat exchanger in the form of a direct expansion structure coil to ensure that the refrigerant evaporates or condenses therein, usually with a copper tube. Made of aluminum fins. Outdoor The heat exchanger 5 acts as a condenser and an evaporator to dissipate heat to the outside or absorb heat from the outside. It uses a heat exchanger in the form of a straight-expanded structural coil to ensure that the refrigerant condenses or evaporates therein, usually with copper tubes and aluminum. Finning production.
  • Compressor 7 Usually variable-capacity compressors are used, such as variable-frequency rotor type, scroll type, screw type compressor, etc. When the system cooling capacity and heating capacity change, the compressor 7 also changes the capacity output in time to realize variable-capacity energy-saving operation.
  • the expansion restrictor 15, 16, 38, 39 may employ an electronic expansion valve, a thermal expansion valve, a capillary tube, etc., usually using a one-way electronic expansion valve.
  • Auxiliary devices include oil separator 8 , oil return capillary 9 , four-way reversing valve 10 , 11 , accumulator 12 , drying filter 13 , sight glass 14 , gas - liquid separator 17 There are also subcoolers, regenerators and other equipment.
  • Automatic control unit including solenoid valves 46, 49, 50, electric control valves 19, 20, 41, 42 , pressure sensor, temperature sensor Wait.
  • the additional device includes an exhaust heat absorber 1 , a drain heat absorber 2 , 40 , a water storage device 3 , and a freezer 6 .
  • Drain heat absorber 2 Any type of heat exchanger such as serpentine tube, spiral tube type, tube type, plate type, etc., usually made of metal material.
  • Exhaust heat absorber 1 It is installed in the range hood, exhaust hood, or in the position of the exhaust pipe, bellows, etc., and can exchange heat with high-temperature exhaust gas such as oil smoke or indoor cold air.
  • Drainage absorber 2 It can be placed in a place where high-temperature or low-temperature washing wastewater passes, such as under the cooktop, in the kitchen drain, in the grease trap, or buried in the kitchen floor, and can exchange heat with high-temperature or low-temperature wastewater. After the washing wastewater is filtered and turned into clean wastewater, the drain heat absorber 2, 40 can be used shell and tube type, casing type heat exchanger.
  • the circulation pipelines are sequentially connected into a circulation system, and the circulating medium adopts a liquid such as water, and the waste heat absorbed by the exhaust heat absorber 1 and the drain heat absorber 2 is sent to the intermediate heat exchanger 18 through the circulation.
  • the expander 22 may be an expansion device such as an expansion tank or an expansion tank, and the circulating water pump 21 is a variable frequency water pump.
  • the circulation system is indirectly connected to the refrigeration system via an intermediate heat exchanger 18, the intermediate heat exchanger 18
  • the water-cooled evaporator is in parallel with the room air conditioner 4, which adopts a heat exchanger in the form of a spiral tube type, a shell tube type, a sleeve type, etc., and the high temperature and high pressure liquid refrigerant is expanded by the expansion restrictor 16 Throttle into a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant, evaporate heat in the intermediate heat exchanger 18, absorb the exhaust heat absorber, and drain the heat absorber 2
  • the waste heat absorbed from high-temperature exhaust gas and waste water is suitable for recovering heat energy from waste gas and waste water with higher temperature. Drain heat absorber 40 and outdoor heat exchanger 5 It is a parallel relationship.
  • the refrigeration system When the refrigeration system is a refrigeration cycle, it acts as a water-cooled condenser to discharge condensation heat to the low-temperature washing wastewater. When the refrigeration system is in the heating cycle, it is converted into a water-cooled evaporator to wash wastewater from low temperature or high temperature. Absorb waste heat. Drain heat absorber
  • the position of 40 can also be connected in parallel with an exhaust heat absorber to recover the energy of indoor exhaust or other high temperature exhaust gas, but because of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 With this function, it is also possible to eliminate the need for an exhaust heat absorber.
  • one or more exhaust heat absorbers 1 and drain heat absorbers 2, 40 can be flexibly arranged as needed.
  • the additional device includes a water reservoir 3 which is composed of a tank, a hot water pipe 43, an overflow pipe 44, and a circulating water pump 45. ,
  • a heat exchanger of any structure such as a spiral tube type or a serpentine tube type can be used to heat the tap water in the tank when the high temperature refrigerant passes.
  • the water level controller controls the electromagnetic valve 46 Open, fill the water tank; when the water level is higher than the highest water level, the solenoid valve 46 closes and stops the water supply.
  • the temperature controller activates the electric regulating valve 42 Or electric or gas-assisted heating device, start heating tap water; when the water temperature is higher than the set temperature, turn off the heating device.
  • Circulating water pump 45 Forced circulation of tap water in the tank to improve heat exchange efficiency and shorten heating time.
  • the water reservoir 3 also has a water-cooled condenser 48 which discharges the heat of condensation generated by the freezer 6 into the water reservoir 3, and the waste heat is recycled.
  • the attachment further includes a freezer 6 with a separate refrigeration system including the evaporator 54 and the compressor 55.
  • the water-cooled condenser 48 is installed in the water reservoir 3 or other heat exchanger, and is in the same form as the water-cooled condenser 47, which will pass the freezer through water or other heat exchange medium. 6
  • the generated heat energy is transferred to the water storage device 3 or other heat exchanger, and is connected in parallel with the air-cooled condenser 51.
  • the electromagnetic valve 49 When the water temperature in the water storage device 3 reaches the highest set temperature, the electromagnetic valve 49 is closed and the electromagnetic valve is opened.
  • the refrigerant condensation heat is dissipated into the air through the air-cooled condenser 51; otherwise, the solenoid valve 50 is closed, the solenoid valve 49 is opened, and the refrigerant condensation heat is dissipated to the water reservoir through the water-cooled condenser 48.
  • the expansion restrictor 53 employs a capillary tube; when the capacity is large, the expansion restrictor 53 employs an electronic expansion valve or a thermal expansion valve.
  • the evaporator 54 is installed in the freezer 6 Inside, absorb the heat of stored items.
  • the type of compressor 55 and evaporator 54 are the same as those of existing refrigerators and electric freezers. Therefore, the freezer 6 As a stand-alone refrigeration system, its operation is not limited by the air conditioning refrigeration system, and the heat of condensation generated can be supplied to the water reservoir 3 for heating or discharged into the air at any time.
  • the duct heat exchanger 33 is a wind-to-wind heat exchanger which is made of a metal duct. Outdoor fresh air, indoor high temperature soot exhaust gas flows from both sides of the duct The outdoor fresh air with a lower temperature is heated by the high-temperature soot exhaust gas to recover the heat energy in the exhaust gas. After the outdoor fresh air is heated, the damper is switched according to the needs of the operating conditions, and the fresh air is sent to the room air conditioner 4 or the outdoor heat exchanger. 5, or the cooker air supply valve 23 places. In the cooking process, the fuel burns the oxygen in the air. The higher the air temperature, the more the fuel burns, the higher the thermal efficiency, and the heated outdoor fresh air passes through the cooker air supply pipe.
  • cooker blower 24, cooker air supply valve 23 is sent to the cooker for fuel combustion, or room air conditioner 4, outdoor heat exchanger 5
  • the heated air is introduced into the cooktop.
  • the various air valves in the figure should adopt an electric air volume adjusting damper for automatic control and operation.
  • the fan is a variable speed or variable frequency fan, and the ventilation system can be operated with variable air volume.
  • the ventilation system also includes a fume exhaust fan, ventilation additional equipment, etc., and the ventilation additional equipment includes a dust filter, a soot filter, a muffler, a humidifier, and the like.
  • the distribution system is the compressor 7 , 55 , the blower 28 , the exhaust fan 35 , the cooker blower 24 Circulating water pump 21 , 45 , damper, solenoid valve, electric control valve, etc. provide power supply.
  • the automatic control system is equipped with temperature, pressure and other signal sensors to transmit temperature, pressure and other signals to the automatic control system.
  • the automatic control equipment is based on high temperature soot exhaust and washing wastewater.
  • the change of the water storage device 3, indoor and outdoor air temperature, etc. automatically controls the displacement of the compressor, the opening and closing and rotation speed of the fan and the water pump, the opening and closing of the solenoid valve, and the expansion throttle,
  • the opening and closing and opening of the electric control valve and damper ensure efficient and stable operation of the refrigeration system and ventilation system.
  • the automatic control system has controllers, displays, sensors, actuators, etc., usually using microcomputer control (such as PLC Controller), with autonomous setting parameters, fault detection, automatic alarm and other functions, can be controlled by the touch screen on-site, remote control through computer keyboard, mouse, and network control through LAN, Internet.
  • the room air conditioner 4 serves as an evaporator to send cold air to the room
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 5 As a condenser to dissipate heat outside, the system is divided into two working hours: non-cooking time and cooking time.
  • the refrigerant circulation process is as follows: the compressor 7 ⁇ the oil separator 8, here two-way, one way ⁇ electric regulating valve 42 ⁇ Water reservoir 3 ⁇ Liquid 12, the other way ⁇ Electric control valve 41 ⁇ Four-way reversing valve 10 ⁇ outdoor heat exchanger 5 ⁇ expansion restrictor 38 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇ accumulator 12, two channels after the reservoir 12 is merged ⁇ drying filter 13 ⁇ sight glass 14 ⁇ Expansion restrictor 15 ⁇ Four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇
  • the room air conditioner 4 ⁇ four-way selector valve 10 ⁇ gas-liquid separator 17 ⁇ compressor 7 completes a refrigeration cycle.
  • the electric regulating valve 41 When the water reservoir 3 does not require heating, the electric regulating valve 41 is opened, 42 is closed, and the refrigerant circulation process is as follows: compressor 7 ⁇ Oil separator 8 ⁇ Electric regulating valve 41 ⁇ Four-way reversing valve 10 ⁇ outdoor heat exchanger 5 ⁇ expansion throttle 38 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇ accumulator 12 ⁇ drying filter 13 ⁇ sight glass 14 ⁇ expansion throttle 15 ⁇ four-way Directional valve 11 ⁇ room air conditioner 4 ⁇ Four-way selector valve 10 ⁇ gas-liquid separator 17 ⁇ compressor 7 completes a refrigeration cycle.
  • the indoor exhaust valve 37 and the outdoor fresh air valve 36 are opened, and the indoor air temperature is low and the outdoor air is mixed with the outdoor heat exchanger 5
  • the heat exchange and the condensing heat are discharged to the outside, and the cooling capacity of the indoor exhaust air is recycled, and the cooling efficiency is improved.
  • the adjustment of the opening of the damper, the air volume and the indoor temperature are automatically performed by the automatic control device.
  • water storage device 3 Heating and non-heating conditions.
  • the exhaust heat absorber 1 , the drain heat absorber 2 , the circulating water pump 21 , the intermediate heat exchanger 18 , the cooker blower 24 , The air duct heat exchanger 33 and the blower 28 are in operation, the exhaust fan 35 is stopped, the expansion throttles 15, 16 , the electric regulating valve 42 , the air valves 23 , 26 27, the damper 29, 34, the expansion throttle 38, 39, the electric regulating valve 41 are closed, the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is not working, the refrigerant circulation process is like this: the compressor 7 ⁇ the oil separator 8 ⁇ Electric control valve 42 ⁇ water reservoir 3 ⁇ reservoir 12 ⁇ drying filter 13 ⁇ sight glass 14 , here two-way, one way ⁇ expansion throttle 15 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇ room air conditioner 4 ⁇ Four-way reversing valve 10, another way ⁇ expansion restrictor 16
  • the refrigerant cycle process is like this: compressor 7 ⁇ oil separator 8, here two-way, one way ⁇ electric control valve 42 ⁇ water reservoir 3 ⁇ reservoir 12, the other way ⁇ electric control valve 41 ⁇ Four-way reversing valve 10 ⁇ or through outdoor heat exchanger 5 ⁇ expansion restrictor 38, or through drain heat sink 40 ⁇ expansion throttle 39 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇ accumulator 12, two ways After the reservoir 12 is merged ⁇ the drying filter 13 ⁇ the sight glass 14 ⁇ the expansion throttle 15 ⁇ the four-way switching valve 11 ⁇
  • the room air conditioner 4 ⁇ four-way switching valve 10 ⁇ gas-liquid separator 17 ⁇ compressor 7 completes a refrigeration cycle, at which time the drain heat absorber 40 acts as a
  • the room air conditioner 4 When the water storage device 3 does not need to be heated, the room air conditioner 4, the outdoor heat exchanger 5, The air duct heat exchanger 33 works, the blower 28, the exhaust fan 35, the cooker blower 24 operation, the exhaust heat absorber 1, the drain heat absorber 2, the circulating water pump 21 does not work, The dampers 23, 26, 27, 36, 37, the expansion restrictors 15, 38, 39, the electric regulating valve 41 are opened, the dampers 29, 34, the expansion restrictor 16, and the electric regulating valve 42 Closed, the refrigerant cycle process is this: compressor 7 ⁇ oil separator 8 ⁇ electric control valve 41 ⁇ Four-way reversing valve 10 ⁇ outdoor heat exchanger 5 ⁇ expansion restrictor 38, or drain heat absorber 40 ⁇ expansion throttle 39 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇ accumulator 12 ⁇ drying filter 13 ⁇ Sight glass 14 ⁇ expansion restrictor 15 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇ The room air conditioner 4 ⁇ four-way selector valve 10 ⁇ gas-liquid separator
  • the room air conditioner 4 When the system is heating in winter, the room air conditioner 4 is converted into a condenser to send hot air to the room, and the outdoor heat exchanger 5 Converted to an evaporator to absorb heat from indoor and outdoor air, the system is divided into two working hours: non-cooking time and cooking time.
  • the refrigerant circulation process is as follows: the compressor 7 ⁇ the oil separator 8 is divided into two paths, one way ⁇ the electric regulating valve 42 ⁇ Water reservoir 3 ⁇ Liquid 12, the other way ⁇ Electric control valve 41 ⁇ Four-way reversing valve 10 ⁇ room air conditioner 4 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇ accumulator 12, after two channels are merged in the accumulator 12 ⁇ drying filter 13 ⁇ sight glass 14 ⁇ expansion restrictor 15 ⁇ Four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇ expansion restrictor 38 ⁇ outdoor heat exchanger 5 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 10 ⁇ gas-liquid separator 17 ⁇
  • the compressor 7 completes a heating cycle.
  • the electric regulating valve 41 When the water reservoir 3 does not require heating, the electric regulating valve 41 is opened, 42 is closed, and the refrigerant circulation process is as follows: compressor 7 ⁇ Oil separator 8 ⁇ Electric regulating valve 41 ⁇ Four-way reversing valve 10 ⁇ room air conditioner 4 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇ accumulator 12 ⁇ drying filter 13 ⁇ sight glass 14 ⁇ expansion restrictor 15 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇ expansion joint Flow device 38 ⁇ outdoor heat exchanger 5 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 10 ⁇ gas-liquid separator 17 ⁇ Compressor 7 , completed a heating cycle
  • the indoor exhaust valve 37 and the outdoor fresh air valve 36 are opened, and the indoor air temperature is high and the outdoor air is mixed with the outdoor heat exchanger 5 Heat exchange, heat energy of indoor exhaust is recycled, and cooling efficiency is improved.
  • the adjustment of the opening of the damper, the air volume and the indoor temperature are automatically performed by the automatic control device.
  • water storage device 3 Heating and non-heating conditions.
  • the room air conditioner 4 sends hot air to the room, the exhaust heat absorber 1 and the drain heat absorber 2, 40 Circulating water pump 21, intermediate heat exchanger 18, cooker blower 24, duct heat exchanger 33, room air conditioner 4, blower 28, outdoor heat exchanger 5,
  • the exhaust fan 35 is in operation, the dampers 23, 26, 27, 34, 36, 37, the expansion restrictors 15, 16, 38, 39, the electric regulating valves 19, 20, 41, 42 Open, the damper 29 is closed, and the refrigerant circulation process is like this: compressor 7 ⁇ oil separator 8, here two-way, one way ⁇ electric regulating valve 42 ⁇ water storage 3 ⁇ reservoir 12, another way ⁇ Electric control valve 41 ⁇
  • Four-way reversing valve 10 ⁇ room air conditioner 4 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇ accumulator 12, after two channels are merged in the accumulator 12 ⁇ drying filter 13 ⁇ sight glass 14 , here two Road, all the way ⁇ expansion throttle 15 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 11
  • the room air conditioner 4 sends hot air to the room, the exhaust air heat absorber 1 and the drain heat absorber 2, 40 Circulating water pump 21, intermediate heat exchanger 18, cooker blower 24, duct heat exchanger 33, room air conditioner 4, blower 28, outdoor heat exchanger 5,
  • the exhaust fan 35 is in operation, the dampers 23, 26, 27, 34, 37, the expansion restrictors 15, 16, 38, 39, the electric regulating valves 19, 20, 41 are opened, and the electric regulating valve 42
  • the damper 29 is closed and the refrigerant circulation process is as follows: compressor 7 ⁇ oil separator 8 ⁇ electric control valve 41 ⁇
  • Four-way reversing valve 10 ⁇ room air conditioner 4 ⁇ four-way reversing valve 11 ⁇ accumulator 12 ⁇ drying filter 13 ⁇ sight glass 14 , here again divided into two ways, one way ⁇ expansion throttle 15 ⁇
  • the four-way switching valve 11 ⁇ either through the expansion throttle 38 ⁇ the outdoor heat exchanger 5, or through the expansion throttle 39 ⁇ drain heat absorber 40, after the
  • the heat energy of the high-temperature fume exhaust gas can be recovered to meet the air conditioning requirements.
  • the refrigeration system stops running.
  • the damper 29 is opened, 26, 27, and 34 are closed, and the outdoor air is heated by the high-temperature soot exhaust gas in the air duct heat exchanger 33, and a part is sent to the cooker, and a part is passed through the blower. It is delivered indoors to meet air conditioning requirements.
  • the air duct heat exchanger 33 is heated by the high temperature soot exhaust gas, a part is sent to the cooker, and a part is combined with the outdoor heat exchanger 5
  • the heat exchange of the heat exchange and high-temperature soot exhaust gas is recovered, and the adjustment of the opening degree, the air volume and the indoor temperature of the damper is automatically completed by the automatic control device.
  • the operation of the air conditioning system is not limited to the above conditions.
  • the drain heat absorber 2 is directly connected to the refrigeration system as an evaporator, and the refrigerant directly absorbs the heat energy in the waste water.
  • the expansion restrictor 59, the solenoid valve 58 are closed, the electric regulating valve 56, and the electromagnetic valve 57 are opened, and the drain heat absorber 2 can be converted into a condenser to directly discharge the heat of condensation into the low-temperature wastewater.
  • Drain heat sink 40 with The outdoor heat exchanger 5 is connected in series to the refrigeration system, which acts as a condenser and can also be converted into an evaporator, or to remove heat from the wastewater or absorb heat from the wastewater.
  • the four-way reversing valve 11 can also be replaced by a solenoid valve or a combination of a one-way valve and a solenoid valve.
  • the wind-heat exchanger 65 uses a heat pipe heat exchanger with its heat sink end inserted In the soot exhaust pipe 31, the heat energy of the exhaust gas is absorbed, and the heat release end is inserted into the outdoor fresh air pipe 32, and the outdoor fresh air is heated by the absorbed heat energy, which is more resistant to corrosion than the air pipe heat exchanger 33, and does not pollute the fresh air due to the air leakage. .
  • a water-cooled condenser 48 is connected in series with the air-cooled condenser 51, and the heat of condensation is first discharged into the water reservoir 3 through the water-cooled condenser 48, and the remainder is passed through the air-cooled condenser 51. Discharge into the air.
  • the exhaust air heat absorber 1, the drain heat absorber 2 is directly connected to the refrigeration system as an evaporator, directly absorbing the heat energy in the exhaust gas and waste water.
  • the expansion restrictor 59, the solenoid valve 58 are closed, the electric regulating valve 56, and the electromagnetic valve 57 are opened, and the drain heat absorber 2 can be converted into a condenser to directly discharge the heat of condensation into the low-temperature wastewater.
  • the expansion restrictor 73 is a bidirectional expansion restrictor.
  • the freezer 6 is directly connected to the refrigeration system as an evaporator and participates in the refrigeration cycle of the system. When the capacity of the freezer 6 is small,
  • the expansion restrictor 53 usually uses a capillary tube and adds a solenoid valve to the pipeline.
  • the liquid reservoir 69 is provided with a water-cooled condenser 68, The cold water in the water reservoir 3 flows through the tube, and the excess high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant flows out of the tube, condenses into a liquid refrigerant, and is stored therein.
  • the refrigeration system When in the cooking period, the refrigeration system performs the refrigeration cycle in the summer, the room air conditioner 4 sends the cold air, the exhaust heat absorber 1 , the drain heat absorber 2,
  • the stove blower 24, the duct heat exchanger 33, the blower 28 are in working state, the exhaust fan 35, the outdoor heat exchanger 5 or work or not working , dampers 23, 26, 27, expansion restrictors 53, 59, 73, 77, electric regulating valves 41, 42, 67, solenoid valves 58, 72, dampers 29, 34, solenoid valves 57, 75,
  • the electric control valve 56 is closed, the air valves 36, 37 are either opened or closed, and the refrigerant circulation process is as follows: the compressor 7 ⁇ the oil separator 8, and then three-way, one way ⁇ electric control valve 67 ⁇ reservoir 69; second way ⁇ electric control valve 42 ⁇ water storage 3; third way ⁇ electric control valve 41, three way junction ⁇ Four-way reversing valve 10 ⁇ outdoor heat exchanger
  • the waste heat absorber 2 The waste heat absorbed from the exhaust gas and waste water is used to heat the tap water.
  • the dampers 36, 37, the exhaust fan 35, and the outdoor heat exchanger 5 operate, and part of the condensing heat is first discharged to the outside through the outdoor heat exchanger 5. a part of the outdoor air is heated by the heat pipe heat exchanger 65, passes through the air duct 30, The cooker air supply pipe 25, the cooker blower 24, the cooker air supply valve 23, the cooker fuel is burned, and the heat energy is recycled.
  • the room air conditioner 4 sends the hot air, the exhaust heat absorber 1 and the drain heat absorber 2 , stove blower 24 , duct heat exchanger 33 , blower 28 , room air conditioner 4 , exhaust fan 35 , outdoor heat exchanger 5
  • the solenoid valves 58, 75 are opened, the damper 29, the solenoid valves 57, 72, the electric regulating valve 56 are closed, the dampers 36, 37 are either opened or closed, and the refrigerant circulation process is such that the compressor 7 ⁇ oil separator 8, then divided into three ways, the first way ⁇ electric regulating valve 67 ⁇ accumulator 69; second way ⁇ electric regulating valve 42 ⁇ water storage 3; third way ⁇ electric regulating valve 41, three way Convergence ⁇ Four-way revers
  • Condensation heat generated by the freezer 6 and the exhaust heat absorber 1 , drain heat absorber 2, 40 The waste heat absorbed from the exhaust gas and waste water is used to heat the tap water and send hot air to the room.
  • the heat provided by the above heat source is insufficient, it is necessary to open the dampers 36, 37, the exhaust fan 35, the outdoor heat exchanger 5, and the outdoor heat exchanger 5 Absorb heat from outdoor air and indoor exhaust.
  • a part of the outdoor air is heated by the heat pipe heat exchanger 65, passes through the air pipe 30, the cooker air supply pipe 25, the cooker blower 24, and the cooker air supply valve 23
  • the stove is supplied with fuel for combustion and the heat is recycled.
  • the operation of the freezer 6 is not necessarily synchronized with other equipment. It has two independent cooling operating conditions: using an outdoor heat exchanger 5 Exhaust heat conditions and the use of water storage 3 heat removal conditions.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 5 When the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is used to exhaust heat, the condensation heat generated by the freezer 6 is discharged to the outside by the outdoor heat exchanger 5, The damper 36 is opened, the exhaust fan 35 is operated, and the refrigerant circulation process is as follows: the compressor 7 ⁇ the oil separator 8 ⁇ the electric control valve 41 ⁇ Four-way reversing valve 10 ⁇ Outdoor heat exchanger 5 ⁇ Drain heat absorber 40 ⁇ Drying filter 13 ⁇ Check valve 70 ⁇ Expansion restrictor 53 ⁇ Evaporator 54 ⁇ Gas-liquid separator 17 ⁇ Compressor 7 The refrigeration cycle is completed; when the heat is drained by the water storage device 3, the condensation heat generated by the freezer 6 is used to heat the tap water, and the refrigerant circulation process is as follows: the compressor 7 ⁇ the oil separator 8
  • the cooling system in Figure 4 is simplified compared to Figure 3, but some additional devices have been added: Cold Drinker 79, Drying Box 84, Hot Drinking Machine 85 , hand dryer 87.
  • Cold drink machine 79, hot drinks machine 85 can provide hot and cold drinks
  • drying box 84 can dry clothes and other items
  • hand dryer 87 for drying hands these devices provide convenience for restaurants.
  • Cold drink machine 79 Equipped with an evaporator 80 the refrigerant is cooled by a refrigerant evaporating heat.
  • the expansion restrictor 78 is a capillary tube, a solenoid valve should be added to the pipe.
  • Drying box 84, hot drinks machine 85, hand dryer 87 They are equipped with air-cooled condensers 83 and 88, respectively, and the hot drinks machine 85 is equipped with a water-cooled condenser 86, which uses high-temperature refrigerant to heat the articles, and electric auxiliary heating devices can be arranged therein.
  • the additional device is not limited to the above types and the number of units, and one or more, one or more additional devices may be provided in the refrigeration system.
  • FIG. 5 A room air conditioner 4 is added to the refrigeration system, and two units are connected in parallel to the system. It can be equipped with one or more room air conditioners.
  • the water reservoir 3 adds solenoid valves 92, 93, expansion throttle 94, solenoid valve 92, electric control valve 42 is closed, the solenoid valve 93, the expansion throttle 94 is opened, and the water-cooled condenser 47 is converted into an evaporator, and the heat energy of the hot water is absorbed to the room air conditioner 4, etc., so that it can also be
  • the water reservoir 3 is used as a regenerator in the summer evening.
  • the refrigeration system does not have a four-way reversing valve 10, 11, which is a single cooling system, the room air conditioner 4 is always an evaporator, and the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is always a condenser. However, through the conversion of the ventilation system, it is possible to send cold air to the room in the summer and hot air to the room in the winter.
  • the dampers 26, 27, 36, 37, 99, 106 are opened, and the dampers 29, 34, 100, 107 Shutdown, blower 28, exhaust fan 35 operation.
  • the indoor return air passes through the indoor return air valve 26 , and the outdoor fresh air passes through the outdoor fresh air valve 27 .
  • the room air conditioner is passed. Cool down and reach the set temperature and return to the air-conditioned room through the air supply valve 106.
  • the indoor exhaust air passes through the indoor exhaust ventilator 37, and the outdoor fresh air passes through the outdoor fresh air valve 36.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 5 The heat exchange, the heat of condensation of the air conditioner is absorbed by the air, and then discharged to the outside through the exhaust valve 99.
  • Air conditioning condensation heat can also be heated
  • the tap water in the water reservoir 3 is a closed pressurized container.
  • electric regulating valves 56, 102 When it is in the cooking period, there are low-temperature wastewater available, electric regulating valves 56, 102, The solenoid valve 103 is opened, the solenoid valves 58, 104, the expansion throttles 39, 59 are closed, the drain heat absorbers 2, 40 are converted into condensers, and part of the air conditioning condensation heat is discharged by the low temperature wastewater.
  • the dampers 26, 27, 36, 37, 100, 107 are opened, and the dampers 29, 34, 99, 106 Shutdown, blower 28, exhaust fan 35 operation.
  • the indoor exhaust air passes through the indoor return air valve 26, and the outdoor fresh air passes through the outdoor fresh air valve 27, after mixing the two, and the room air conditioner 4
  • heat in the air is absorbed by the refrigerant and discharged to the outside through the exhaust valve 107.
  • the indoor return air passes through the indoor exhaust valve 37, and the outdoor fresh air passes through the outdoor fresh air valve 36.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 5 Heat exchange the air is heated by the air conditioning condensing heat to a set temperature, and then sent to the air-conditioned room through the air supply valve 100.
  • the cooling system in Figure 7 is a three-regulated heat recovery type.
  • Multi-connected heat pump air conditioning system which is connected to a room air conditioner 4, and can be connected to multiple units. It is also connected to several different types of attachments: Exhaust heat absorber 1 , Drain heat absorber 2 , Water storage 3 , a freezer 6 , a cold drink machine 79 , a drying box 84 , a hot drink machine 85 , a hand dryer 87 , a solar heat absorber 112 , which can be connected to one or more, one or more additional devices. Drain Heater 2 The exchange of the evaporator and the condenser is achieved by switching the solenoid valves 57, 58. Solar heat sink 112 It is an evaporator.
  • the refrigeration system in Figure 8 is a two-regulated heat recovery type multi-unit heat pump air conditioning system, which can also be connected to one or more room air conditioners 4, which can be connected. One or more, one or more additional devices.
  • FIG 9 Ventilation system with solar panel heater 145, solar vacuum tube heater 144, solar heat pipe heater
  • Solar air heater in the form of 143.
  • the solar panel type air heater 145 there is a heat absorbing plate, which absorbs the solar energy and then heats up, and heats the cold air which enters therein;
  • the solar vacuum tube type air heater 144 It is usually made of glass vacuum tube. It consists of inner tube and outer tube. The inner tube and the outer tube are vacuumed. The outer tube is transparent. The inner tube has a heat absorbing coating to absorb solar energy. The cold air passes through the inner tube and is then taken by the solar energy.
  • Heating; solar heat pipe type air heater 143 With heat pipe, its heat absorption end is inserted in the glass vacuum tube to absorb solar energy, the heat release end is inserted into the outdoor fresh air pipe 146, and the cold air passes through the outdoor fresh air pipe 146 It is heated by the heat release end. In this way, the cold air can be directly sent to the air-conditioned room after being heated by the solar air heater, or the solar energy is absorbed by the refrigeration system, and the hot air or hot water is indirectly supplied to the user through the refrigeration cycle, or the hot air is supplied to the drying box. 84 Use, or use hot air to cook the cooker.
  • the refrigerant circulation process is as follows: the liquid storage device 12 ⁇ the refrigerant circulation pump 150 ⁇ Dry filter 13 ⁇ Viewing liquid mirror 14 ⁇ Expansion throttler 77 ⁇ Exhaust heat absorber 1 ⁇ Solenoid valve 151, here two-way, one way ⁇ room air conditioner 4 ⁇ check valve 62, another road ⁇ four Through the reversing valve 10 ⁇ Electric control valve 41 ⁇ electric control valve 42 ⁇ water-cooled condenser 47, the last two channels merge into the accumulator 12, relying on the refrigerant circulation pump 150 , completed a cycle of heat recovery.
  • An air conditioning water heat exchanger 152 is added to Fig. 10, which is combined with a room air conditioner.
  • the air conditioner sends cold air in summer the high-pressure liquid refrigerant first passes through the expansion restrictor 15 to throttle the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant with an evaporation temperature of 15 °C.
  • Air conditioning water heat exchanger 152 air conditioning cold water with a production temperature of about 16 °C, used for dry room air conditioner 156, another part of the refrigerant passes
  • the expansion throttle 154 is deeply throttled to a low temperature and low pressure liquid refrigerant having an evaporation temperature of 5 ° C for use in a room air conditioner 4
  • the outdoor fresh air with high temperature and high humidity is cooled and dehumidified, thereby achieving independent control of temperature and humidity, and the energy saving effect is obvious.
  • a damper 157, 158 is added to the drying box 84, when the air conditioner sends hot air in winter, outdoor
  • the heat exchanger 5 is converted into an evaporator, the damper 157 is opened, the 158 is closed, and the hot air discharged from the drying box 84 enters the outdoor heat exchanger 5, and the exhaust heat is recycled.
  • the room air conditioner 161 is a dry air conditioner, and when the air conditioner sends cold air in summer,
  • the expansion restrictor 160 provides a low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant having an evaporation temperature of 16 ° C for cooling indoor air without dehumidification
  • the expansion throttle 15 provides a low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant having an evaporation temperature of 5 ° C for Room air conditioner 4 Cooling and dehumidifying the high temperature and high humidity outdoor fresh air, thus achieving independent control of temperature and humidity.
  • the room air conditioners 4 and 161 can also achieve independent control of temperature and humidity.
  • the air conditioning system used in restaurants is a multi-connected air conditioning system, which not only has a room air conditioner, but also can send hot and cold air to the room, and has an additional device for recycling waste heat discharged from the restaurant, saving energy and reducing emissions.
  • the effect is obvious, and a variety of uses have been added, so that the function of the air conditioning system is expanded, and the user is greatly facilitated, and can be widely used in restaurants, canteens, homes and the like.
  • the system can be equipped with one or more room air conditioners, one or more, one or more additional devices that can be placed in any place with waste heat and can be connected to any refrigeration system.

Abstract

用于餐馆的空调系统是多联机空调系统,它不仅带有房间空调器,可以向房间送冷热风,而且带有排风吸热器、排水吸热器、储水器、冷冻冷藏器等附加装置,用于回收餐馆排放的废热,节能减排效果明显,并增添了多种用途,使空调系统的功能得到扩展,给用户带来了极大的便利,可广泛用于餐馆、食堂、家庭等领域。

Description

用于餐馆的空调系统
技术领域
本发明属于空调制冷领域,具体涉及用于餐馆的空调系统。
背景技术
餐馆在食物烹饪制作过程中,消耗大量的燃料,产生大量的高温油烟废气,以及高温洗涤废水,油烟被抽油烟机、排烟罩排到室外,洗涤废水排入下水道,其中的热能也随之排放,没有回收利用,同时,还需要用热能加热洗涤热水、空调热水,因此浪费了大量能源。
另一方面,在餐馆的空调制冷过程中,要用低温冷却水或室外冷空气冷却高温制冷剂,但在厨房中有大量的低温洗涤废水被排放,空调房间要向室外排放一部分低温空气,再补充一部分新鲜空气,这些被排放的废水、废气中含有大量的冷量,没有回收利用。
现有的空调系统只能送冷热风,性能单一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种更加完善的用于餐馆的空调系统。
本发明的解决方案是:用于餐馆的空调系统是由制冷系统、通风系统、配电控制系统组成。制冷系统中不仅带有房间空调器,可以送冷热风,还带有排风吸热器、排水吸热器、储水器、冷冻冷藏器等附加装置,排风吸热器装在抽油烟机、排烟罩等排除高温废气的设备中,与油烟等高温废气进行热交换。排水吸热器装在厨房洗涤等高温废水经过的位置,与高温废水进行热交换。排风吸热器、排水吸热器中装有水或制冷剂,通过循环水泵或制冷系统的循环,将厨房排放的热能收集到储水器中,为用户提供洗涤热水、空调热水,同时节省了燃料。该空调系统还带有冷冻冷藏器等附加装置,用于冷冻冷藏食物或其它用途,增添了多种功能,可广泛用于餐馆、食堂、家庭等领域。
附图说明
图1是 用于餐馆的空调系统图( 1 )
图2是 用于餐馆的空调系统图( 2 )
图3是 用于餐馆的空调系统图( 3 )
图4是 用于餐馆的空调系统图( 4 )
图5是 用于餐馆的空调系统图( 5 )
图6是 用于餐馆的空调系统图( 6 )
图7是 用于餐馆的空调系统图( 7 )
图8是 用于餐馆的空调系统图( 8 )
图9是 用于餐馆的空调系统图( 9 )
图10是 用于餐馆的空调系统图( 10 )
图11是 用于餐馆的空调系统图( 11 )
图12是 用于餐馆的空调系统图( 12 )
附图标记说明:
1 、排风吸热器, 2 、 40 、排水吸热器, 3 、储水器, 4 、 156 、 161 、房间空调器, 5 、 室外 换热器, 6 、冷冻冷藏器, 7 、 55 、压缩机, 8 、 油分离器 , 9 、回油毛细管, 10 、 11 、四通换向阀, 12 、 69 、 133 、 储液器 , 13 、 52 、 74 、 76 、 114 、 115 、 122 、 125 、 126 、 136 、 159 、 干燥过滤器 , 14 、 视液镜 , 15 、 16 、 38 、 39 、 53 、 59 、 60 、 73 、 77 、 78 、 94 、 113 、 131 、 132 、 134 、 154 、 160 、 膨胀节流器, 17 、 气液分离器,18、中间换热器,19、20、41、42、56、89、90、91、101、102、155、 电动调节阀 ,21、45、96、124、153、 循环水泵, 22 、 膨胀器,23、 灶具送风阀, 24 、灶具送风机, 25 、灶具送风管, 26 、室内回风阀, 27 、 36 、 141 、 142 、 147 、室外新风阀, 28 、 82 、 98 、送风机 ,29、34、81、157、158、风阀,30、风管,31、油烟排风管,32、146、室外新风管,33、风管换热器, 35 、排风机,37、 室内排风阀, 43 、热水管, 44 、溢流管, 46 、49、50、57、58、72、75、92、93、103、104、108、109、116、117、118、137、138、139、140、149、151、162、163、 电磁阀, 47 、 48 、 68 、 86 、水冷冷凝器, 51 、 83 、 88 、风冷冷凝器, 54 、 80 、蒸发器, 61 、 62 、 63 、 64 、 70 、 71 、 105 、 110 、 127 、 128 、 129 、 130 、单向阀, 65 、 148 、热管换热器, 66 、蓄冷器, 79 、冷饮机, 84 、烘干箱, 85 、热饮机, 87 、烘手器, 95 、热水换热器, 97 、热风盘管, 99 、 107 、排风阀, 100 、 106 、送风阀, 111 、太阳能蒸发器, 112 、太阳能吸热器, 119 、低压气管, 120 、高压气管, 121 、 高压液管, 123 、太阳能热水器, 135 、换热器, 143 、太阳能热管式热风器, 144 、太阳能真空管式热风器, 145 、太阳能板式热风器, 150 、制冷剂循环泵, 152 、空调水换热器
具体实施办法
图 1 是一种 用于餐馆的空调系统图,图中显示了制冷系统、通风系统部分,另外还有配电控制系统。制冷系统由房间空调器 4 、 室外 换热器 5 、压缩机 7 、 膨胀节流器15、16、38、39、附加装置、辅助装置、自动控制装置、 循环管路、制冷剂 组成,它们顺序连接成多联式循环制冷系统,为 空调系统提供冷热源,附加装置是不同于房间空调器 4 的功能,具有其它特殊使用功能的设备 。 通风系统由风管、风阀、风机、换热器、通风附加设备组成, 为 空调系统提供风源和热源。配电控制系统由配电系统和自动控制系统组成,它为制冷系统、通风系统提供电源,并控制系统自动运行。
在制冷系统中,房间空调器 4 作为蒸发器和冷凝器,循环处理室内空气或室外新风,为房间送冷热风,它采用直膨式结构盘管等形式的换热器,保证制冷剂在其中蒸发或冷凝,通常用铜管和铝翅片制作。 室外 换热器 5 作为冷凝器和蒸发器,向室外散热或从室外吸热,它采用直膨式结构盘管等形式的换热器,保证制冷剂在其中冷凝或蒸发,通常用铜管和铝翅片制作。压缩机 7 通常采用变容量压缩机,如:变频转子式、涡旋式、螺杆式压缩机等,当系统制冷量、制热量变化时,压缩机 7 也适时变容量输出,实现变容量节能运行,它的 回油方式有很多,通过 回油毛细管 9 回油是其一 。膨胀节流器15、16、38、39 可采用电子膨胀阀、热力膨胀阀、毛细管等,通常采用单向电子膨胀阀。 辅助装置 包括 油分离器 8 、回油毛细管 9 、四通换向阀 10 、 11 、 储液器 12 、 干燥过滤器 13 、 视液镜 14 、 气液分离器 17 ,还有过冷器、回热器等设备。自动控制 装置 包括电磁阀 46 、 49 、 50 、电动调节阀 19 、 20 、 41 、 42 、压力传感器、温度传感器 等。
在制冷系统中, 附加装置 包括排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、 40 、储水器 3 、冷冻冷藏器 6 。排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 采用蛇型管式、螺旋管式、排管式、板式等任何形式的换热器,通常用金属材料制作。排风吸热器 1 装在抽油烟机、排烟罩中,或装在排油烟风道、风箱内等位置,能够与油烟等高温废气或室内冷空气进行充分热交换。排水吸热器 2 装在高温或低温洗涤废水经过的位置,如:灶台下面、厨房排水沟内、隔油池内,或埋在厨房地板内等位置,能够与高温或低温废水进行充分热交换。当洗涤废水被过滤处理变成清洁废水后,排水吸热器 2 、 40 可采用壳管式、套管式换热器。排风吸热器 1 带有电动调节阀 20 ,排水吸热器 2 带有电动调节阀 19 ,两者并联在系统中,也可以串联在系统中,与中间换热器 18 、 膨胀器22、 循环水泵 21 、循环管路顺序连接成一个循环系统,循环介质采用水等液体,通过循环,把排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 吸收的废热输送到中间换热器 18 中, 膨胀器22可采用膨胀水箱或膨胀罐等膨胀装置, 循环水泵 21 为变频水泵。该循环系统通过中间换热器 18 间接连接到制冷系统上,中间换热器 18 为水冷式蒸发器,与房间空调器 4 是并联关系,它采用螺旋管式、壳管式、套管式等形式的换热器,高温高压液态制冷剂被膨胀节流器 16 节流成低温低压液态制冷剂,在中间换热器 18 中蒸发吸热,吸收排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 从高温废气、废水中吸收的废热,这种间接连接方式适用于回收温度较高的废气、废水中的热能。排水吸热器 40 与室外换热器 5 是并联关系,当制冷系统为制冷循环时,它作为水冷式冷凝器,向低温洗涤废水排放冷凝热;当制冷系统为制热循环时,它转换成水冷式蒸发器,从低温或高温洗涤废水中吸收废热。在排水吸热器 40 的位置也可以并联一个排风吸热器,回收室内排风或其它高温废气的能量,但因室外换热器 5 具有此功能,也可以不再设排风吸热器。当餐馆内分散有多处废气、废水排放点时,可根据需要,灵活布置一个或多个排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、 40 。
在制冷系统中,附加装置包括储水器 3 ,它由箱体、热水管 43 、溢流管 44 、循环水泵 45 、
电磁阀 46 、水冷冷凝器 47 、水位控制器、温度控制器等组成,箱体采用闭式有压容器或开式
无压容器,外做保温,其中可装电或燃气辅助加热装置,图中为开式无压容器,水冷冷凝器 47 可采用螺旋管式、蛇形管式等任何结构形式的换热器,当高温制冷剂通过时,加热箱体中的自来水。当水箱中的水位低于最低水位时,水位控制器控制电磁阀 46 打开,向水箱内补水;当水位高于最高水位时,电磁阀 46 关闭,停止补水。当水温低于设定的温度时,温度控制器启动电动调节阀 42 或者电、燃气辅助加热装置,开始加热自来水;当水温高于设定的温度时,关闭加热装置。循环水泵 45 强制循环水箱内的自来水,提高换热效率,缩短加热时间。在储水器 3 中还带有水冷冷凝器 48 ,它把冷冻冷藏器 6 产生的冷凝热排放到储水器 3 中,废热得到回收利用。
在制冷系统中,附加装置还包括冷冻冷藏器 6 ,它带有一套独立的制冷系统,包括蒸发器 54 、压缩机 55 、水冷冷凝器 48 、风冷冷凝器 51 、 干燥过滤器52、膨胀节流器53等设备,它们循序连接成制冷循环系统,该系统通过 储水器 3 或其它换热器间接连接到空调制冷系统中 。 水冷冷凝器 48 装在储水器 3 或其它换热器中,结构形式同水冷冷凝器 47 ,它通过水或其它换热介质将冷冻冷藏器 6 产生的热能传递到储水器 3 或其它换热器中,与风冷冷凝器 51 是并联关系,当储水器 3 中水温达到最高设定温度时,关闭电磁阀 49 ,打开电磁阀 50 ,制冷剂冷凝热通过风冷冷凝器 51 散发到空气中;否则,关闭电磁阀 50 ,打开电磁阀 49 ,制冷剂冷凝热通过水冷冷凝器 48 散发到储水器 3 中。当冷冻冷藏器 6 容量较小时, 膨胀节流器53采用毛细管; 当容量较大时, 膨胀节流器53采用电子膨胀阀或热力式膨胀阀。 蒸发器 54 装在冷冻冷藏器 6 内,吸收储藏物品的热量。压缩机 55 、蒸发器 54 的类型与现有的电冰箱、电冰柜等设备相同。因此,冷冻冷藏器 6 作为独立的制冷系统,它的运行不受空调制冷系统的限制,产生的冷凝热可以随时供给储水器 3 加热所需,或排到空气中。
在通风系统中, 风管换热器33 是风 - 风热交换器 ,它 由金属风管制成, 室外新风、室内高温油烟废气分别从风管两侧流过 ,温度较低的室外新风在其中被高温油烟废气加热,回收废气中的热能。室外新风被加热后,根据运行工况的需要,切换风阀,将新风送到房间空调器 4 、或者 室外 换热器 5 、或者灶具送风阀 23 处。在烹饪过程中,燃料燃烧需要空气中的氧气,空气温度越高,燃料燃烧得越充分,热效率越高,加热后的室外新风通过灶具送风管 25 、灶具送风机 24 、灶具送风阀 23 被送到灶具中,供燃料燃烧使用,或者将房间空调器 4 、 室外 换热器 5 加热后的空气引入到灶具中。图中各种风阀宜采用电动风量调节风阀,便于自动控制和操作。风机为变速或变频风机,通风系统可以变风量运行。除了图中所示的设备外,通风系统还包括排油烟风机、通风附加设备等,通风附加设备包括除尘过滤器、油烟过滤器、消声器、加湿器等。
在配电控制系统中,配电系统为压缩机 7 、 55 、送风机 28 、 排风机35、灶具 送风机 24 、循环水泵 21 、 45 、风阀、电磁阀、电动调节阀等提供电源,自动控制系统中装有温度、压力等信号传感器,将温度、压力和其它信号传送到自动控制系统,自动控制设备根据高温油烟废气、洗涤废水、 储水器3、 室内外空气温度等的变化,自动控制压缩机的排气量、风机和水泵的启闭与转速、电磁阀的启闭,以及 膨胀节流器、 电动调节阀、风阀的启闭和开度,保证制冷系统和通风系统的高效和稳定运行。自动控制系统中有控制器、显示器、传感器、执行器等设备,通常采用微机控制(如 PLC 控制器),具有自主设定参数、故障检测、自动报警等功能,能够通过触摸屏现场控制,也可以通过计算机键盘、鼠标远程控制,以及通过局域网、互联网实现网络控制。
该系统夏季进行制冷运行时,房间空调器 4 作为蒸发器向房间送冷风,室外换热器 5 作为冷凝器向室外散热,系统分两个工作时段:非烹饪时段和烹饪时段。
当处于非烹饪时段时,厨房内没有废气、废水排放,排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、 40 、循环水泵 21 、灶具送风机 24 、 风管换热器33不工作,送风机28、排风机35运转,风阀26、27、36、37、膨胀节流器15、38打开,风阀29、34、膨胀节流器16、39、 灶具送风阀 23 关闭。有两种运行工况:储水器 3 加热工况和非加热工况。
当储水器 3 需要加热,则电动调节阀 42 打开,从压缩机 7 排出的高温制冷剂全部或部分流过水冷冷凝器 47 ,依靠房间空调和冷冻冷藏器 6 的冷凝热加热自来水,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8,在此分两路,一路→ 电动调节阀 42 →储水器3→储液器12,另一路→ 电动调节阀 41 →四通换向阀10→室外换热器5→膨胀节流器38→四通换向阀11→储液器12,两路在储液器12汇合后→干燥过滤器13→视液镜14→膨胀节流器15→四通换向阀11→ 房间空调器 4 →四通换向阀10→气液分离器17→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制冷循环。
当储水器 3 不需要加热,则电动调节阀 41 打开、 42 关闭,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8→ 电动调节阀 41 →四通换向阀10→室外换热器5→膨胀节流器38→四通换向阀11→储液器12→干燥过滤器13→视液镜14→膨胀节流器15→四通换向阀11→ 房间空调器 4 →四通换向阀10→气液分离器17→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制冷循环。
此时,室内排风阀 37 、室外新风阀 36 打开,室内温度较低的排风和室外空气混合后与室外换热器 5 热交换,冷凝热排向室外,室内排风的冷量得到回收利用,制冷效率提高。风阀的开度、风量及室内温度等的调节由自动控制装置自动完成。
当处于烹饪时段时,厨房内有废气、废水排放,有废热可利用,运行工况有两种:储水器 3 加热工况和非加热工况。
当储水器 3 需要加热,而房间空调和冷冻冷藏器 6 产生的冷凝热量满足不了储水器 3 的需求量时,排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、循环水泵 21 、 中间换热器18、 灶具送风机 24 、 风管换热器33、送风机28处于工作状态,排风机35停机,膨胀节流器15、16、 电动调节阀 42 、 风阀 23 、 26 、27打开,风阀29、34、膨胀节流器38、39、 电动调节阀 41 关闭,室外换热器 5 不工作,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8→ 电动调节阀 42 →储水器3→储液器12→干燥过滤器13→视液镜14,在此分两路,一路→膨胀节流器15→四通换向阀11→ 房间空调器 4 →四通换向阀10,另一路→膨胀节流器16→中间换热器18,两路汇合到气液分离器17→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制冷循环,房间空调产生的冷凝热全部用于加热自来水,排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 从废气、废水中吸收的废热也用于加热自来水,一部分室外空气,经过 风管换热器33加热后,通过风管30、 灶具送风管 25 、灶具送风机 24 、灶具送风阀 23 ,供给灶具燃料燃烧,热能被回收利用。当房间空调和冷冻冷藏器 6 产生的冷凝热量超过储水器 3 的需求量时,一部分冷凝热要通过室外换热器 5 、排水吸热器 40 排放,排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、循环水泵 21 不工作,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8,在此分两路,一路→ 电动调节阀 42 →储水器3→储液器12,另一路→ 电动调节阀 41 →四通换向阀10→或通过室外换热器5→膨胀节流器38,或通过排水吸热器40→膨胀节流器39→四通换向阀11→储液器12,两路在储液器12汇合后→干燥过滤器13→视液镜14→膨胀节流器15→四通换向阀11→ 房间空调器 4 →四通换向阀10→气液分离器17→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制冷循环,此时 排水吸热器40作为冷凝器向低温废水中排热 。
当储水器 3 不需要加热时,房间空调器 4 、室外换热器 5 、 风管换热器33工作,送风机28、排风机35、 灶具送风机 24 运转, 排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、循环水泵 21 不工作, 风阀23、26、27、36、37、膨胀节流器15、38、39、 电动调节阀 41 打开,风阀29、34、膨胀节流器16、 电动调节阀 42 关闭,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8→ 电动调节阀 41 →四通换向阀10→室外换热器5→膨胀节流器38,或排水吸热器40→膨胀节流器39→四通换向阀11→储液器12→干燥过滤器13→视液镜14→膨胀节流器15→四通换向阀11→ 房间空调器 4 →四通换向阀10→气液分离器17→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制冷循环。
该系统冬季进行制热运行时,房间空调器 4 转化为冷凝器向房间送热风,室外换热器 5 转化为蒸发器从室内外空气中吸热,系统分两个工作时段:非烹饪时段和烹饪时段。
当处于非烹饪时段时,厨房内没有废气、废水排放,排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、 40 、循环水泵 21 、灶具送风机 24 、 风管换热器33不工作,送风机28、排风机35运转,风阀26、27、36、37、膨胀节流器15、38打开,风阀 23 、 29 、34、膨胀节流器16、39 关闭。有两种运行工况:储水器 3 加热工况和非加热工况。
当储水器 3 需要加热,则电动调节阀 42 打开,从压缩机 7 排出的高温制冷剂部分流过水冷冷凝器 47 ,依靠空调制冷系统和冷冻冷藏器 6 的冷凝热加热自来水,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8,在此分两路,一路→ 电动调节阀 42 →储水器3→储液器12,另一路→ 电动调节阀 41 →四通换向阀10→房间空调器4→四通换向阀11→储液器12,两路在储液器12汇合后→干燥过滤器13→视液镜14→膨胀节流器15→四通换向阀11→膨胀节流器38→室外换热器5→四通换向阀10→气液分离器17→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制热循环。
当储水器 3 不需要加热,则电动调节阀 41 打开、 42 关闭,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8→ 电动调节阀 41 →四通换向阀10→房间空调器4→四通换向阀11→储液器12→干燥过滤器13→视液镜14→膨胀节流器15→四通换向阀11→膨胀节流器38→室外换热器5→四通换向阀10→气液分离器17→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制热循环
此时,室内排风阀 37 、室外新风阀 36 打开,室内温度较高的排风和室外空气混合后与室外换热器 5 热交换,室内排风的热能得到回收利用,制冷效率提高。风阀的开度、风量及室内温度等的调节由自动控制装置自动完成。
当处于烹饪时段时,厨房内有废气、废水排放,有废热可利用,运行工况有两种:储水器 3 加热工况和非加热工况。
当储水器 3 需要加热,房间空调器 4 向房间送热风时,排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、 40 、循环水泵 21 、 中间换热器18、 灶具送风机 24 、 风管换热器33、 房间空调器 4 、 送风机28、室外 换热器 5 、 排风机35处于工作状态,风阀 23 、 26 、27、34、36、37、膨胀节流器15、16、38、39 、电动调节阀 19 、 20 、 41 、 42 打开,风阀29 关闭,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8,在此分两路,一路→ 电动调节阀 42 →储水器3→储液器12,另一路→ 电动调节阀 41 →四通换向阀10→房间空调器4→四通换向阀11→储液器12,两路在储液器12汇合后→干燥过滤器13→视液镜14,在此又分两路,一路→膨胀节流器15→四通换向阀11→或通过膨胀节流器38→室外换热器5,或通过膨胀节流器39→排水吸热器40,汇合后→四通换向阀10;另一路→膨胀节流器16→中间换热器18,两路在气液分离器17汇合后→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制热循环,此时排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 从高温废气和废水中吸热,然后通过循环水泵 21 循环,把热能输送到 中间换热器18中,排水吸热器40作为蒸发器从低温或高温废水中吸热, 灶具送风阀 23 、 风阀34、 室内排风阀 36 打开, 室外新风阀 36 或打开或不开,室外空气在 风管换热器33 中被高温油烟废气加热,一部分送给灶具,一部分与室内温度较高的排风混合,再与室外换热器 5 热交换,高温油烟废气和室内排风的热能得到回收利用,风阀的开度、风量及室内温度等的调节由自动控制装置自动完成。
当储水器 3 不需要加热,房间空调器 4 向房间送热风时,排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、 40 、循环水泵 21 、 中间换热器18、 灶具送风机 24 、 风管换热器33、 房间空调器 4 、 送风机28、室外 换热器 5 、 排风机35处于工作状态,风阀23、26、27、34、37、膨胀节流器15、16、38、39 、电动调节阀 19 、 20 、 41 打开, 电动调节阀 42 、 风阀29 关闭,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8→ 电动调节阀 41 →四通换向阀10→房间空调器4→四通换向阀11→储液器12→干燥过滤器13→视液镜14,在此又分两路,一路→膨胀节流器15→四通换向阀11→或通过膨胀节流器38→室外换热器5,或通过膨胀节流器39→排水吸热器40,汇合后→四通换向阀10;另一路→膨胀节流器16→中间换热器18,两路在气液分离器17汇合后→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制热循环,此时排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 从高温废气和废水中吸热,然后通过循环水泵 21 循环,把热能输送到 中间换热器18中,排水吸热器40作为蒸发器从低温或高温废水中吸热, 灶具送风阀 23 、 风阀34、 室内排风阀 36 打开, 室外新风阀 36 或打开或不开,室外空气在 风管换热器33 中被高温油烟废气加热后,一部分送给灶具,一部分与室内温度较高的排风混合,再与室外换热器 5 热交换,高温油烟废气和室内排风的热能得到回收利用,风阀的开度、风量及室内温度等的调节由自动控制装置自动完成。当房间空调热负荷较小,依靠回收高温油烟废气的热能就能满足空调要求,此时,制冷系统停止运行, 风阀29打开、26、27、34关闭, 室外空气在 风管换热器33 中被高温油烟废气加热后,一部分送给灶具,一部分通过送风机 28 送入室内,满足空调要求。
在春秋过渡季节,当需要向房间送冷热风时,系统的运行工况同上所述;当不需要向房间送冷热风,房间空调器 4 停止工作,储水器 3 需要加热自来水时,系统分两个工作时段:非烹饪时段和烹饪时段。
当处于非烹饪时段时,厨房内没有废气、废水排放,排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、 40 、循环水泵 21 、灶具送风机 24 、 风管换热器33、 房间空调器 4 、 送风机28不工作,排风机35运转,风阀36、膨胀节流器15、38打开,风阀34、膨胀节流器16、39、 电动调节阀 41 关闭,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8→ 电动调节阀 42 →储水器3→储液器12→干燥过滤器13→视液镜14→膨胀节流器15→四通换向阀11→膨胀节流器38→室外换热器5→四通换向阀10→气液分离器17→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制热循环, 室外换热器5作为蒸发器从室外空气中吸热,为储水器3提供热能 。
当处于烹饪时段时,厨房内有废气、废水排放,有废热可利用,排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、 40 、循环水泵 21 、 中间换热器18、 灶具送风机 24 、 风管换热器33、室外 换热器 5 、 排风机35处于工作状态, 房间空调器 4 、 送风机28不工作,风阀23、34、膨胀节流器15、16、38、39 、电动调节阀 19 、 20 、 42 打开, 电动调节阀 41 、 风阀29 关闭,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8→ 电动调节阀 42 →储水器3→储液器12→干燥过滤器13→视液镜14,在此分两路,一路→膨胀节流器15→四通换向阀11→或通过膨胀节流器38→室外换热器5,或通过膨胀节流器39→排水吸热器40,汇合后→四通换向阀10;另一路→膨胀节流器16→中间换热器18,两路在气液分离器17汇合后→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制热循环,此时排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 从高温废气和废水中吸热,然后通过循环水泵 21 循环,把热能输送到 中间换热器18中,排水吸热器40作为蒸发器从低温或高温废水中吸热, 灶具送风阀 23 、 风阀34打开, 室外新风阀 36 或打开或不开,室外空气在 风管换热器33 中被高温油烟废气加热,一部分送给灶具,一部分与室外换热器 5 热交换,高温油烟废气的热能得到回收利用,风阀的开度、风量及室内温度等的调节由自动控制装置自动完成。
由于餐馆的运营是一个复杂的过程,空调系统的运行不仅限于上述工况。
图 2 中 排水吸热器 2 作为蒸发器直接连接到制冷系统上,制冷剂直接吸收废水中的热能,当 膨胀节流器59、电磁阀58关闭, 电动调节阀 56 、 电磁阀57打开, 排水吸热器 2 可转化为冷凝器,直接向低温废水中排放冷凝热。排水吸热器 40 与 室外换热器5串联在 制冷系统上,它作为冷凝器,也可转化成蒸发器,或向废水中排热,或从废水中吸热。单向阀 61 、 62 、 63 、 64 代替了 四通换向阀11,也可以用电磁阀或 单向阀与 电磁阀的组合代替。风-风换热器65采用 热管换热器,它的吸热端插入 油烟排风管31内,吸收废气的热能,放热端插入室外新风管32内,用吸收的热能加热室外新风, 它比风管换热器 33 更耐腐蚀,不会因漏气污染新风。在冷冻冷藏器 6 的制冷系统中,水冷冷凝器 48 与风冷冷凝器 51 串联在系统中,冷凝热先通过水冷冷凝器 48 排放到 储水器3中,剩余部分 通过风冷冷凝器 51 排放到空气中。
图 3 中排风吸热器1、 排水吸热器 2 作为蒸发器直接连接到制冷系统上,直接吸收废气、废水中的热能,当 膨胀节流器59、电磁阀58关闭, 电动调节阀 56 、 电磁阀57打开, 排水吸热器 2 可转化为冷凝器,直接向低温废水中排放冷凝热。 膨胀节流器73为双向膨胀节流器。 冷冻冷藏器 6 作为蒸发器直接连接到制冷系统上,参与系统的制冷循环,当冷冻冷藏器 6 容量较小时, 膨胀节流器53通常采用毛细管,并在管路上增加一个电磁阀, 冷冻冷藏器 6 不需要制冷时, 电磁阀关闭,其中装有 蓄冷器 66 ,在冷藏箱内可以蓄冷,在冷冻箱内可以蓄冰,目的是增加冷量,减少压缩机启动次数 。储液器69中装有 水冷冷凝器 68 , 储水器3中的冷水从管中流过,多余的高温高压气态制冷剂从管外流过,凝结成液态制冷剂,储存其中。
当处于烹饪时段,制冷系统夏季进行制冷循环时,房间空调器 4 送冷风,排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、 灶具送风机 24 、 风管换热器33、送风机28处于工作状态,排风机35、 室外换热器 5 或工作或不工作 ,风阀23、26、27、膨胀节流器53、59、73、77、 电动调节阀 41 、 42 、 67 、 电磁阀58、72,风阀29、34、电磁阀57、75、 电动调节阀 56 关闭, 风阀36、37或打开或关闭 ,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8,然后分三路,一路→ 电动调节阀 67 →储液器69;第二路→ 电动调节阀 42 →储水器3;第三路→ 电动调节阀 41 ,三路汇合 →四通换向阀10→室外换热器5→排水吸热器40→干燥过滤器13,在此分三路,第一路→膨胀节流器73→干燥过滤器74→ 房间空调器 4 →干燥过滤器13→四通换向阀10;第二路→单向阀70→膨胀节流器53→ 蒸发器 54 ; 第三路→电磁阀72,又分两路,一路→膨胀节流器77→ 排风吸热器 1 ;另一路 →膨胀节流器59→ 排水吸热器 2 →电磁阀58,最终汇合→气液分离器17→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制冷循环。房间空调和冷冻冷藏器 6 产生的冷凝热,以及排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 从废气、废水中吸收的废热用于加热自来水。当流过排水吸热器 40 的低温废水不能完全排除冷凝热时,需打开 风阀36、37,排风机35、 室外换热器 5 工作,部分冷凝热先通过室外换热器 5 排至室外。一部分室外空气,经过 热管换热器65加热后,通过风管30、 灶具送风管 25 、灶具送风机 24 、灶具送风阀 23 ,供给灶具燃料燃烧,热能被回收利用。
当处于烹饪时段,制冷系统冬季进行制热循环时,房间空调器 4 送热风,排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、灶具送风机 24 、 风管换热器33、送风机28、 房间空调器 4 、排风机35、 室外换热器 5 处于工作状态,风阀23、26、27、34、37、膨胀节流器53、59、73、77、 电动调节阀 41 、 42 、 67 、 电磁阀58、75打开,风阀29、电磁阀57、72、 电动调节阀 56 关闭, 风阀36、37或打开或关闭 ,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8,然后分三路,第一路→ 电动调节阀 67 →储液器69;第二路→ 电动调节阀 42 →储水器3;第三路→ 电动调节阀 41 ,三路汇合 →四通换向阀10→干燥过滤器13,在此又分三路,第一路→ 房间空调器 4 →干燥过滤器74→膨胀节流器73→干燥过滤器13→排水吸热器40→室外换热器5→四通换向阀10;第二路→单向阀71→膨胀节流器53→ 蒸发器 54 ; 第三路→电磁阀75,又分两路,一路→膨胀节流器77→ 排风吸热器 1 ;另一路 →膨胀节流器59→ 排水吸热器 2 →电磁阀58,最终汇合→气液分离器17→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制热循环。冷冻冷藏器 6 产生的冷凝热,以及排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、 40 从废气、废水中吸收的废热用于加热自来水、向房间送热风。当上述热源提供的热量不够时,需打开 风阀36、37,排风机35、 室外换热器 5 工作,室外换热器 5 从室外空气和室内排风中吸收热量。一部分室外空气,经过 热管换热器65加热后,通过风管30、 灶具送风管 25 、灶具送风机 24 、灶具送风阀 23 ,供给灶具燃料燃烧,热能被回收利用。
冷冻冷藏器 6 的运行与其它设备不一定是同步的,它有两种独立的制冷运行工况:利用室外换热器 5 排热的工况及利用 储水器3 排热的工况。当利用室外换热器 5 排热时,冷冻冷藏器 6 产生的冷凝热由室外换热器 5 排放到室外, 风阀36打开,排风机35运转, 制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8→ 电动调节阀 41 →四通换向阀10→室外换热器5→排水吸热器40→干燥过滤器13→单向阀70→膨胀节流器53→ 蒸发器 54 →气液分离器17→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制冷循环;当利用 储水器3 排热时,冷冻冷藏器 6 产生的冷凝热用于加热自来水,制冷剂循环过程是这样的:压缩机 7 →油分离器8→ 电动调节阀 42 →储水器3→四通换向阀10→室外换热器5→排水吸热器40→干燥过滤器13→单向阀70→膨胀节流器53→ 蒸发器 54 →气液分离器17→ 压缩机 7 ,完成了一次制冷循环。为了减少压缩机 7 的启动次数,可以强制启动冷冻冷藏器 6 ,与其它设备同步运行。
图 4 的制冷系统比图3有所简化,但增加了一些附加装置: 冷饮机 79 、烘干箱 84 、热饮机 85 、烘手器 87 。冷饮机 79 、热饮机 85 可以提供冷热饮料,烘干箱 84 可以烘干衣物等物品,烘手器 87 用于烘手,这些设备为餐馆提供了方便。冷饮机 79 装有蒸发器 80 ,利用制冷剂蒸发吸热冷却饮料,当 膨胀节流器78为毛细管时,应在管道上加电磁阀。 烘干箱 84 、热饮机 85 、烘手器 87 分别装有风冷冷凝器 83 、 88 ,热饮机 85 装有水冷冷凝器 86 ,它们利用高温制冷剂加热物品,在其中可设电辅助加热设备。 附加装置不仅限于以上种类及台数,制冷系统中可设一种或多种、一台或多台的附加装置。
图 5 的制冷系统上增加了一台房间空调器4,两台并联在系统上,它可以设一台或多台房间空调器。储水器3增加了电磁阀92、93、膨胀节流器94,当电磁阀92、 电动调节阀 42 关闭, 电磁阀93、膨胀节流器94打开, 水冷冷凝器 47 转换化为蒸发器,吸收热水的热能,提供给房间空调器 4 等用热设备,因此也可把 储水器3在夏季晚间当做蓄冷器使用 。它还增加了热水换热器 95 、循环水泵 96 、热风盘管 97 组成的闭式热循环系统,热水换热器 95 吸收热水的热能,循环到热风盘管 97 中,加热室内空气,起到 房间空调器4的作用,这个循环系统也可以做成开式系统,取消 热水换热器 95 、 膨胀器22 ,循环水泵 96 直接把 储水器3中的热水输送到 热风盘管 97 中,换热效率提高。
图 6 的制冷系统不带有四通换向阀10、11,它是单冷系统,房间空调器4始终是蒸发器,室外换热器5始终是冷凝器。但是通过通风系统的转换,可以实现夏季向房间送冷风、冬季向房间送热风的目的。
当夏季向房间送冷风时,风阀26、27、36、37、99、106打开, 风阀 29 、 34 、 100 、 107 关闭,送风机 28 、排风机 35 运转。室内回风通过室内回风阀 26 ,室外新风通过室外新风阀 27 ,两者混合后,经过房间空调器 4 冷却降温,达到设定的温度,通过送风阀 106 送回空调房间。室内排风通过室内排风阀 37 ,室外新风通过室外新风阀 36 ,两者混合后,与室外换热器 5 热交换,空调冷凝热被空气吸收,再通过排风阀 99 排到室外。空调冷凝热也可以加热 储水器3中的自来水,储水器3采用的是闭式有压容器。当此时处于烹饪时段,有低温废水可以利用, 电动调节阀 56 、 102 、 电磁阀103打开,电磁阀58、104、膨胀节流器39、59关闭,排水吸热器2、40转化为冷凝器,部分空调冷凝热被低温废水排走。
当冬季向房间送热风时,风阀26、27、36、37、100、107打开, 风阀 29 、 34 、 99 、 106 关闭,送风机 28 、排风机 35 运转。室内排风通过室内回风阀 26 ,室外新风通过室外新风阀 27 ,两者混合后,与房间空调器 4 热交换,空气中的热能被制冷剂吸收,再通过排风阀 107 排至室外。室内回风通过室内排风阀 37 ,室外新风通过室外新风阀 36 ,两者混合后,与室外换热器 5 热交换,空气被空调冷凝热加热至设定温度,再通过送风阀 100 送到空调房间。 当此时处于烹饪时段,有高温废气、废水可以利用, 电动调节阀 56 、 102 、 电磁阀103关闭,电磁阀58、104、膨胀节流器39、59、77打开,排风吸热气1吸收废气中的热能,排水吸热器2、40转化为蒸发器吸收废水中的热能,通过制冷循环转化为空调热能,送到空调房间,废热得到回收利用。当高温废气的热负荷能够满足空调房间的需求时,制冷系统停机,室外空气被风管换热器33加热后,直接通过风阀34、100送入空调房间。
图 7 的制冷系统是 三管制热回收型 多联式热泵空调系统,它连接有一台房间空调器4,并且能够连接多台。它还连接了多台不同种类的附加装置: 排风吸热器 1 、排水吸热器 2 、储水器 3 、冷冻冷藏器 6 、冷饮机 79 、烘干箱 84 、热饮机 85 、烘手器 87 、太阳能吸热器 112 ,它可以连接 一种或多种、一台或多台的附加装置。 排水吸热器 2 通过切换电磁阀 57 、 58 ,实现蒸发器与冷凝器的互换。太阳能吸热器 112 是一台蒸发器,当阳光照射到其表面上时,低温低压液态制冷剂在其中蒸发,吸收阳光的热量。储水器 3 带有太阳能热水器 123 ,可以利用太阳能加热热水,太阳能热水器 123 也可通过其它中间换热器连接到制冷系统上。通过切换电磁阀 92 、 93 ,水冷冷凝器 47 可以转换成蒸发器,储水器 3 不仅能蓄热,也可以蓄冷。图中设有两台压缩机 7 , 当系统容量大,有多台房间空调器4和附加装置时,可以设两台及以上的压缩机7,当 系统中有多台压缩机 7 并联运行时,压缩机 7 全部采用定容量压缩机,或全部采用变容量压缩机,或者采用变容量压缩机与定容量压缩机的组合。
图 8 的制冷系统是 二管制热回收型 多联式热泵空调系统,它也可以连接一台或多台房间空调器4, 可以连接 一种或多种、一台或多台的附加装置。
图 9 的通风系统 带有 太阳能板式热风器 145 、太阳能真空管式热风器 144 、太阳能热管式热风器 143 等形式的太阳能空气加热器。在太阳能板式热风器 145 中带有吸热板,它吸收太阳能后升温,加热进入其中的冷空气;太阳能真空管式热风器 144 通常由玻璃真空管制作,它由内管和外管组成,内管与外管之间是真空,外管透明,内管带有吸热涂层,吸收太阳能,冷空气从内管通过后被太阳能加热;太阳能热管式热风器 143 带有热管,它的吸热端插在玻璃真空管中,吸收太阳能,放热端插在室外新风管 146 内,冷空气通过室外新风管 146 时被放热端加热。这样,冷空气被太阳能空气加热器加热后可以直接送到空调房间,或者太阳能被制冷系统吸收后,经过制冷循环,间接为用户提供热风或热水,或者将热风供给烘干箱 84 使用,或者将热风供给灶具燃烧使用。在冬季,当空调系统处于非烹饪时段,所需供热负荷较大时,太阳能是较好的辅助热源,太阳能空气加热器冬季不结冰,使用地域广泛。储水器 3 带有热管换热器 148 ,它的吸热端插入 油烟排风管31内,吸收废气的热能,放热端插入水箱内,用吸收的热能加热自来水。 图 中 增加了一台制冷剂循环泵 150 ,当废气温度过高时,压缩机 7 停机, 电磁阀57、58、149、 电动调节阀 89 、 膨胀节流器15、38、39、59 关闭, 电磁阀151、 电动调节阀 41 、42、膨胀节流器77打开 ,四通换向阀 10 换向,启动制冷剂循环泵 150 ,低温液态制冷剂被输送到排风吸热器 1 中吸热升温,再送到 储水器3加热自来水,送到房间空调器4中加热房间空气, 制冷剂循环过程是这样的: 储液器12→ 制冷剂循环泵 150 →干燥过滤器13→视液镜14→膨胀节流器77→ 排风吸热器 1 →电磁阀151,在此分两路,一路→房间空调器4→单向阀62,另一路→ 四通换向阀 10 → 电动调节阀 41 → 电动调节阀 42 → 水冷冷凝器 47 ,最后两路汇合到储液器12中,依靠 制冷剂循环泵 150 ,完成了一次热能回收的循环过程。
图10中增加了一个 空调水换热器 152 ,它与房间空调器 4 并联在制冷系统中,作为蒸发器,也可转化为冷凝器,可采用壳管式、螺旋管式、板式等形式的换热器,高温或低温制冷剂通过时,与水进行热交换,空调水换热器 152 、循环水泵 153 、房间空调器 156 组成一个空调冷热水循环系统,为房间空调器 156 提供空调冷热水,可设一个或多个房间空调器 156 ,它采用风机盘管等形式的空调器。系统取消了室内回风阀 26 , 增加了一个膨胀节流器154, 房间空调器 4 只处理室外新风,如果房间空调器 156 采用干式风机盘管或其它干式空调器,当夏季空调送冷风时,高压液态制冷剂先经过 膨胀节流器15,节流为蒸发温度为15℃的低温低压 液态制冷剂 ,一部分进入 空调水换热器 152 ,生产温度为 16 ℃ 左右的 空调冷水,用于干式房间空调器 156 ,另一部分制冷剂经过 膨胀节流器154,被深度节流为蒸发温度为5℃的低温低压 液态制冷剂 ,用于 房间空调器 4 对高温高湿的室外新风进行降温除湿,从而实现了温湿度的独立控制,节能效果明显。在烘干箱 84 上增加了风阀 157 、 158 ,当冬季空调送热风时, 室外 换热器 5 转化为蒸发器,风阀 157 打开、 158 关闭,烘干箱 84 排出的热风进入到 室外 换热器 5 中,排风废热得到回收利用。
图11中 房间空调器 161 为干式空调器,夏季空调送冷风时, 膨胀节流器160提供蒸发温度为16℃的低温低压 液态制冷剂 ,用于室内空气的降温而不除湿,膨胀节流器15提供蒸发温度为5℃的低温低压 液态制冷剂 ,用于 房间空调器 4 对高温高湿的室外新风进行降温除湿,从而实现了温湿度的独立控制。
图12中 房间空调器 4 、 161 也可实现温湿度的独立控制。
综上所述,用于餐馆的空调系统是多联机空调系统,它不仅带有房间空调器,可以向房间送冷热风,而且带有附加装置,用于回收餐馆排放的废热,节能减排效果明显,并增添了多种用途,使空调系统的功能得到扩展,给用户带来了极大的便利,可广泛用于餐馆、食堂、家庭等领域。该系统可以带有一台或多台房间空调器,可以带有一种或多种、一台或多台附加装置,能够放置在任何有废热排放的地方,并且能够连接到任何制冷系统上。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施办法而已,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制。依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施办法所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均属于本发明的保护范围。

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  1. 用于餐馆的空调系统是由制冷系统、通风系统、配电控制系统组成,其特征在于,制冷系统由房间空调器、室外换热器、压缩机、膨胀节流器、附加装置、辅助装置、自动控制装置、循环管路、制冷剂组成,它们顺序连接成多联式循环制冷系统,为空调系统提供冷热源,制冷系统可以是单冷系统,或者是热泵系统,它是变容量系统,膨胀节流器采用单向或双向膨胀节流器,通风系统由风管、风阀、风机、换热器、通风附加设备组成,为空调系统提供风源和热源,风机为变速风机,通风系统为变风量系统,配电控制系统由配电系统和自动控制系统组成,它为制冷系统、通风系统提供电源,并控制系统自动运行。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于餐馆的空调系统,其特征在于,制冷系统中的房间空调器可以是蒸发器,也可转换成冷凝器,向房间送冷风或热风,它可以是直膨式换热器,也可以是水换热器,它可以是湿式换热器,也可以是干式换热器,制冷系统中可以带一台或多台房间空调器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于餐馆的空调系统,其特征在于,制冷系统可以带有两个冷源,能够实现温湿度的独立控制。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的用于餐馆的空调系统,其特征在于,制冷系统中的附加装置可以是蒸发器,也可以是冷凝器,或者是其它换热器,制冷系统中可以带一种或多种、一台或多台附加装置,它可以直接或间接连接到任何制冷系统上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的附加装置,其特征在于,排风吸热器、排水吸热器作为制冷系统的附加装置,可以直接或间接连接到任何制冷系统上,它可以是蒸发器,也可以转化为冷凝器,或者是其它换热器,它可以放在任何有废气、废水的热能可利用的地方,吸收其中的废热,或向其中排放废热,它可以采用任何结构形式的换热器,制冷系统中可以带一个或多个排风吸热器、排水吸热器。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的附加装置,其特征在于,储水器作为制冷系统的附加装置,可以连接到任何有废热排放可利用的制冷系统上,它采用闭式有压容器或开式无压容器,其中装有水冷冷凝器,它作为加热器,利用高温制冷剂加热热水,水冷冷凝器也可以转化为蒸发器,从储水器中吸热,为空调系统提供热源,储水器也可带有辅助加热装置。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的附加装置,其特征在于,冷冻冷藏器作为制冷系统的附加装置,可以作为蒸发器直接或间接连接到制冷系统上,当直接连接到制冷系统上时,它作为制冷系统上的蒸发器参与该系统的制冷循环,当通过储水器或其它换热器间接连接到制冷系统上时,冷冻冷藏器带有独立的制冷系统,它是其中的蒸发器,其中还带有水冷冷凝器或风冷冷凝器,它装在储水器或其它换热器中,通过水或其它换热介质将冷冻冷藏器的冷凝热传递到储水器或其它换热器中。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的附加装置,其特征在于,太阳能吸热器作为制冷系统的附加装置,可以作为蒸发器直接连接到任何制冷系统上,太阳能热水器作为制冷系统的附加装置,可以通过中间换热器连接到任何制冷系统上,它们为制冷系统提供热能。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的用于餐馆的空调系统,其特征在于,通风系统的换热器为风-风热交换器、太阳能空气加热器,风-风热交换器通过冷空气与高温废气的热交换,回收高温废气中的热能,它可以采用任何结构形式的热交换器,太阳能空气加热器利用太阳的热能加热冷空气,为用户提供热能,它也可以采用任何结构形式的太阳能空气加热器。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的用于餐馆的空调系统,其特征在于,通风系统带有灶具送风管、灶具送风机、灶具送风阀,通风系统或制冷系统的换热器吸收废热后,加热冷空气,再送到灶具中供燃料燃烧使用。
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CN115950069A (zh) * 2022-12-22 2023-04-11 宁波奥克斯电气股份有限公司 空调系统的控制方法、控制装置及空调系统

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