WO2013134904A1 - 无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑 - Google Patents

无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013134904A1
WO2013134904A1 PCT/CN2012/001417 CN2012001417W WO2013134904A1 WO 2013134904 A1 WO2013134904 A1 WO 2013134904A1 CN 2012001417 W CN2012001417 W CN 2012001417W WO 2013134904 A1 WO2013134904 A1 WO 2013134904A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bridge
switch
input
common mode
freewheeling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/001417
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张永
Original Assignee
丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201210070787XA external-priority patent/CN103312203A/zh
Priority claimed from CN2012100803203A external-priority patent/CN103312204A/zh
Priority claimed from CN2012102036808A external-priority patent/CN102739087A/zh
Application filed by 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司
Publication of WO2013134904A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013134904A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007Plural converter units in cascade
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/123Suppression of common mode voltage or current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a topology without a common mode interference single-phase inverter, which is a topology structure for converting direct current into alternating current, and can be widely applied to an inverter with high conversion efficiency or high common mode current suppression requirement.
  • a topology without a common mode interference single-phase inverter which is a topology structure for converting direct current into alternating current, and can be widely applied to an inverter with high conversion efficiency or high common mode current suppression requirement.
  • inverter efficiency is getting higher and higher, especially in new energy power generation, smart grid, flexible AC and DC transmission and other industries.
  • Increasing the conversion efficiency of the inverter can save more power and reduce the heat dissipation requirements of the inverter itself.
  • the decisive factor of inverter efficiency is the topology of the inverter.
  • the advantages and disadvantages of the topology determine the efficiency and cost of the inverter.
  • Inverters with many applications, such as photovoltaic grid-connected inverters often use isolated input and output sides with transformers to provide electrical isolation between the two systems, thereby providing personal protection and avoiding both sides. Leakage current between.
  • the efficiency of the system is reduced and the cost is also increased.
  • a transformerless non-isolated inverter topology can be selected.
  • the outstanding advantages of the transformerless inverter topology are high efficiency and low overall cost.
  • the transformerless inverter topology is not isolated due to the input and output sides, so high frequency common mode leakage current is likely to occur between the two sides.
  • Existing topologies can be applied to transformerless inverters and have their own shortcomings.
  • the traditional H-bridge inverter topology has bipolar modulation mode and unipolar modulation mode; if bipolar modulation mode is used, although there is no high frequency common mode leakage current problem, the switching loss is high and the conversion efficiency is low; If there is a unipolar modulation method, there is a common mode leakage current problem. Therefore, it is important to design a topology that is efficient, low cost, and has no common mode leakage current.
  • the input DC voltage range fluctuates greatly.
  • photovoltaic grid-connected inverters the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel varies with illumination, and the fluctuation is large.
  • a conventional bridge inverter topology it requires the input voltage of the inverter to be higher than the AC peak voltage of the desired output, which not only limits the application range, but also requires the bridge because the input voltage fluctuates greatly.
  • the switching tube selected in the inverter has a high rated voltage, which increases the inverter cost.
  • the commonly used topology is a two-stage structure, namely boost boost and then bridge inverter. This kind of scheme has the disadvantages of complicated structure and high cost. Summary of the invention
  • the single-phase inverter topology without common mode interference is a switch tube connected in series with the positive and negative poles of the DC input terminal (here, the two switch tubes are chopper switches, The chopper switch connected to the positive pole is S5, the chopping switch connected to the negative pole is S6); the chopper switches S5 and S6 are followed by an inductor (here, these two inductors are flat-wave inductors, called and chopping)
  • the flat-wave inductor connected to the switch S5 is L1, and the flat-wave inductor connected to the chopper switch S6 is L2); a freewheeling circuit is connected between the two flat-wave inductors and the connected side of the chopper switch, and the freewheeling circuit leads
  • the direction of the pass is from the node between the chopper switch S6 and the smoothing inductor L2 to the node between the chopper switch S5 and the smoothing inductor L1; the connection between the connection between the
  • H-bridges there are two types of H-bridges, one is a basic H-bridge, the other is a boost-type H-bridge, the basic H-bridge can only implement a buck inverter, and the boost H-bridge is implemented in a buck inverter.
  • the boost inverter can also be realized, that is, the input DC voltage value is lower than the output AC voltage peak;
  • the basic H-bridge is composed of four switch tubes (for example, Sl, S2, S3 and S4 in Fig. 1), H-bridge
  • the two switching tubes connected to the smoothing inductor L1 are SI and S3.
  • the two switching tubes connected to the smoothing inductor L2 in the H bridge are S2 and S4.
  • the boost type H-bridge is characterized in that at least two of the four half-bridge arms of the H-bridge are unidirectional (so that only the one-way half-bridge is a one-way half-bridge) Arm), the unidirectional half-bridge arm can be realized in various ways, for example, realized by a series diode of a switch tube, realized by a thyristor, realized by a switch tube with reverse voltage resistance, etc.; at the output point of the H bridge (ie, the midpoint of the two bridge arms) Connect a flat wave capacitor (herein called this capacitor is C3); the midpoint of the two bridge arms of the H-bridge is the output of the inverter AC.
  • this capacitor herein called this capacitor is C3
  • the EMC filter circuit is added to the subsequent stage.
  • the EMC filter circuit is not shown in the drawing, because this is not the scope of the present invention; at the input of the H-bridge or the output of the H-bridge and the DC input Capacitance can be added between the sides (herein these two capacitors are dynamic voltage equalizing capacitors, C4 and C5 in Figures 1 and 2), their function is to dynamically equalize the chopping switches S5 and S6 to prevent the system from being The voltage stress distribution of the two switches in operation is shifted, and they also suppress the common mode leakage interference between the DC input side and the AC output side; in theory, if all the devices are ideal, the dynamics are Capacitors C4 and C5 are not required, but since the devices used in reality are not absolutely ideal, it is better to increase the dynamic voltage equalizing capacitors; of course, dynamic equalizing capacitors C4 and C5 only need one to achieve the effect, even In some special applications, since the parasitic capacitance between the input and output sides of the inverter is
  • the freewheeling circuits of the flat wave inductors L1 and L2 are divided into two types, namely, a diode freewheeling circuit and a synchronous switching freewheeling circuit.
  • the freewheeling circuit is also structurally divided into two forms. Single tube freewheeling circuit and double tube freewheeling circuit. Therefore, there are four types of freewheeling circuits: a single diode freewheeling circuit (Dl in Figure 1), a dual diode freewheeling circuit (C10, C11, D5, and D6 in Figure 2), single synchronous switching The circuit (S7 in Fig. 7), the double synchronous switch freewheeling circuit (the circuit composed of C10, C11, S8 and S9 in Fig. 8).
  • the single-dionk freewheeling circuit connects a freewheeling diode directly between the two flat-wave inductors and the chopping switch connection (for example, D1 in Figure 1).
  • the conduction direction is from the chopper switch at the DC input negative pole.
  • the connection between the smooth wave inductors is at the junction between the chopping switch and the flat wave inductor at the positive input of the DC input.
  • the dual diode freewheeling circuit is: Connect two capacitors in series with the DC power input (for example: C10 and C11 in Figure 2), and connect two diodes in series between the two flat wave inductors and the chopper switch connection (for example, In Figure 2, D5 and D6), the midpoint between the two capacitors is connected to the midpoint between the two diodes.
  • the conduction direction of the two series diodes is from the chopping switch and the flat wave inductor at the DC input negative pole.
  • the connection between the two is at the junction between the chopper switch and the flat wave inductor at the positive input of the DC input.
  • the single synchronous switch tube freewheeling circuit is connected directly between the two flat wave inductors and the chopping switch connection (for example, S7 in Fig. 7), and its conduction direction is from the negative input of the DC input.
  • the junction between the chopping switch and the flat wave inductor is connected to the chopping switch and the flat wave inductor at the positive input of the DC input.
  • the double-sync switch has a freewheeling mode: two capacitors in series with the DC power input (for example, C10, C11 in Figure 8), and two freewheeling connections in series between the two flat-wave inductors and the chopper switch connection.
  • the switching tube (for example, the circuit consisting of S8 and S9 in Figure 8), the midpoint between the two capacitors is connected to the midpoint between the two freewheeling switches, and the conduction direction of the two series synchronous freewheeling switches is From the junction between the chopping switch and the flat wave inductor at the DC input negative pole to the junction between the chopping switch and the flat wave inductor at the positive input of the DC input.
  • the advantage of the double-tube freewheeling circuit is that it has a voltage clamp protection function for the chopper switch, and the dynamic voltage equalizing capacitor can be used to equalize the chopping switches S5 and S6. At this time, the dynamic voltage equalizing capacitor mainly reduces the total of the system. Mode interference output. Different freewheeling circuits can exist simultaneously to provide maximum performance.
  • the boost type H-bridge at least two adjacent half-bridge arms of the four half-bridge arms are unidirectional. This is to prevent the flat-wave storage capacitor on the output side from being positive when the system is operating in the boost mode. Short circuit between the negative electrodes.
  • the one-way half-bridge arm they are on the DC negative side (refer to Figure 13); they are all on the DC positive side (refer to Figure 15); one DC positive and negative one, that is, two one-way half-bridge arms are located in the same On one of the bridge arms (refer to Figure 14 and Figure 16).
  • the two chopper switches S5 and S6 are simultaneously high-frequency switches, which are simultaneously turned on or off at the same time; when S5 and S6 are turned on, The stage circuit is charged.
  • the system When the system is working, when the AC waveform voltage value of the inverter output is greater than the input DC voltage, the system is in the boost mode. This mode is only supported by an inverter topology with a boosted H-bridge. At this time, the chopper switch is in the on state, the step-up H-bridge is in the commutation and the switching is boosted; the set of diagonal switches of the H-bridge is in the on state, and the other of the two diagonal switches is in the Shutdown state, a high-frequency switching state (herein referred to as the high-frequency switching state of the tube is a boost switch), the condition of the boost switch is the same half-bridge with the DC input pole It must be unidirectional to prevent the flat-wave storage capacitor on the output side from forming a discharge between the bridge arms; the boosting switch tube and the flat-wave energy storage inductor of the front stage, and the storage capacitor on the output side form a Boost boost circuit, Adjusting the switching duty of the high frequency switch tube controls the fluctuation of the
  • the freewheeling circuit with diodes does not require control.
  • the chopping switch When the chopping switch is turned off, the current in the smoothing inductor naturally flows from the freewheeling diode.
  • the synchronous switch tube needs to control the circuit to make the opposite phase switch of the chopping switch; when S5 and S6 are turned on, the synchronous freewheeling switch S7 or S8 and S9 are turned off, and the input voltage Vin is opposite.
  • the stage circuit is charged; when S5 and S6 are disconnected, the synchronous freewheeling switch S7 or S8 and S9 are turned on, and the currents of the smoothing inductors L1 and L2 are freewheeled through the synchronous freewheeling switches S7 or S8 and S9.
  • the beneficial effect is that although the number of switching tubes used is larger than that of the conventional full-bridge inverter topology, the system efficiency is improved and the cost is reduced because the switching voltage and rated voltage requirements of the switching tubes are reduced.
  • the switching voltage and blocking voltage of the chopper switches S5 and S6 are both Vin/2; the switching voltages of the commutation switches Sl, S2, S3 and S4 in the H-bridge are zero, and their blocking voltage is Vout.
  • the voltage requirement of each switch tube is much smaller than that of the conventional bridge type switch tube. Therefore, when the inverter is designed by the present invention, the rated voltage of the switch tube is low, so the cost is low.
  • the reduction of the switching voltage will reduce the switching loss of the system; the lowering of the rated voltage of the switching tube can greatly reduce the cost of the switching tube.
  • the beneficial effect is that the topology integrates the traditional Boost circuit with the inverter circuit, transforms the original two-pole structure into a first-level structure, and realizes the inversion of the wide DC input voltage with a relatively simple topology.
  • Figure 1 Inverter topology using a single diode freewheeling circuit and a basic H-bridge;
  • FIG 3 the basic H-bridge inverter topology of the diode freewheeling, the switching state of the output AC positive half-wave
  • Figure 4 the basic H-bridge inverter topology of the diode freewheeling, when the output AC positive half-wave Switch state 2
  • Figure 5 the basic H-bridge inverter topology of the diode freewheeling, the switching state when the AC negative half-wave is output
  • Figure 6 the basic H-bridge inverter topology of the diode freewheeling, when the output AC negative Switching state 2 at half-wave
  • Figure 7 using a single synchronous switching freewheeling circuit and an inverter topology of a basic H-bridge;
  • FIG 9. Inverter topology of a basic H-bridge with synchronous switching tube freewheeling. Switching state when output AC positive half-wave.
  • Figure 10 Inverter topology of a basic H-bridge with synchronous switching tube free-flow, when output Switching state when AC positive half-wave is used
  • Figure 11 Inverter topology of basic H-bridge with freewheeling of synchronous switching tube, Switching state when output AC negative half-wave is shown in Figure 12
  • Basic type H with synchronous switching tube freewheeling Inverter topology of the bridge when the output AC negative half-wave switch state is shown in Figure 13, the boost type H-bridge inverter topology unidirectional half-bridge arm lower side placement mode;
  • Figure 14 Inverter topology with boosted H-bridge. Left-arm arm placement of one-way half-bridge arms;
  • Figure 16 Inverter topology with boosted H-bridge. Right-armed half-bridge arm.
  • Figure 18 Inverter topology with boosted H-bridge Operating mode when the AC output is positive half-wave and the output voltage is higher than the input DC voltage;
  • FIG. 19 Inverter topology with boosted H-bridge. Operating mode when the AC output is negative half-wave and the output voltage is lower than the input DC voltage.
  • FIG. 3 shows the situation when the inverter outputs a positive half-wave
  • Figures 5 and 6 show the case when the inverter outputs a negative AC half-wave.
  • the commutation switches S1 and S4 remain in the on state; the commutation switches S2 and S3 remain in the off state, and their blocking voltage is Vout.
  • the chopper switches S5 and S6 are simultaneously high frequency switches, Figures 3 and 5 are the conditions when they are turned on, and Figures 4 and 6 are the conditions when they are turned off.
  • Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, and Fig. 12 are switch states in the operation of the inverter example using the synchronous switch tube freewheeling and basic H-bridge inverter topology of the present invention.
  • the H-bridge works in the same way as the H-bridge with diode freewheeling.
  • Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show the case when the inverter outputs an AC positive half wave
  • Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 show the case when the inverter outputs a negative AC half wave.
  • the chopping switches S5 and S6 are simultaneously switched, and the synchronous freewheeling switch S7 uses a phase synchronous switch opposite to the chopper switches S5 and S6.
  • Figures 3 and 5 show the chopper switch turn-on and freewheel switch off
  • Figures 4 and 6 show the chopper switch turn-off and freewheel switch on.
  • 17, 18, 19, and 20 are four operation modes when the wide input voltage range is inverted using the inverter topology of the boost type H-bridge of the present invention.
  • 17 and 18 are cases when the inverter outputs an AC positive half wave
  • Figs. 19 and 20 are cases when the inverter outputs an AC negative half wave.
  • the chopper switch tube is in the high frequency switch state
  • the commutation switches S2 and S3 remain in the on state
  • the commutation switch S1 and S4 remains in the off state.
  • the system realizes fluctuations in the fluctuation of the output voltage Vout by controlling the switching duty of the chopping switch.
  • the chopper switch tube is in the high frequency switch state, the commutation switches S1 and S4 remain in the on state, the commutation switch S2 and S3 remains in the off state.
  • the system realizes fluctuations in the fluctuation of the output voltage Vout by controlling the switching duty ratio of the chopper switch.
  • the inverter outputs an AC negative half wave and the output voltage value is higher than the DC input voltage (Fig. 20)
  • the chopper switch tube remains in the on state
  • the commutation switches S1 and S4 remain in the on state
  • the commutation switch S2 remains in the state
  • the switch S3 is now used as a boost switch, which is in the high frequency switch state.
  • the system realizes the fluctuation of the fluctuation of the output voltage Vout by controlling the switching duty of the boosting switch S3.
  • the present invention realizes a wide range of inversion of the DC input in a simpler and lower cost manner than the conventional two-stage topology.

Abstract

一种无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑,在直流输入端的正极和负极上各有一个斩波开关(S5,S6),这两个斩波开关后面各连接一个平波电感(L1,L2),在两个斩波开关与平波电感的连接之间有续流电路(D5,D6),两个平波电感的后面连接有一个H桥(S1,S2,S3,S4)。该逆变器拓扑降低了开关管的开关电压和额定电压并提高了转换效率。而且该逆变器拓扑结构简单,没有共模漏电流问题,提高了电磁兼容性,便于应用到无隔离变压器的逆变系统中。

Description

说明书 无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑 技术领域
本发明涉及一种无共模千扰单相逆变器拓扑,是把直流电变换成交流电的一种拓扑结构, 可以广泛应用于对转换效率或需要共模电流抑制要求高的逆变器中,比如非隔离光伏逆变器、 风力发电逆变器等。 属于电力变流技术领域。 背景技术
随着工业的发展对逆变器转换效率的要求越来越高, 尤其是在新能源发电、 智能电网、 柔性交直流输电等行业。 提高逆变器的转换效率, 可以节省更多的电能, 同时也减少了逆变 器自身的散热要求。 逆变器效率的决定性因素是逆变器的拓扑结构, 拓扑结构的优劣决定了 逆变器的效率和成本。 有许多应用场合的逆变器, 例如光伏并网逆变器, 常采用带变压器的 隔离型输入侧和输出侧, 这样两侧系统之间的电气隔离, 从而提供人身保护并避免了两侧之 间的漏电流。 然而, 由于变压器的损耗, 所以降低了系统的效率, 同时也增加了成本。 为了 克服上述有变压器的隔离型逆变器的不足, 可以选择无变压器的非隔离型逆变器拓扑。 无变 压器逆变器拓扑的突出优点是效率高, 整体成本低。 但无变压器的逆变拓扑由于输入输出侧 没有隔离, 所以两侧之间容易出现高频共模漏电流。 现存的拓扑结构能适用于无变压器逆变 器的比较少, 并且都有各自缺点。 比如传统的 H桥式逆变拓扑有双极性调制方式和单极性调 制方式; 如果使用双极性调制方式, 虽然没有高频共模漏电流问题, 但其开关损耗高, 转换 效率低; 如果使用单极性调制方式存在共模漏电流问题。 所以, 设计高效率、 低成本, 并且 无共模漏电流的拓扑就非常重要。
另外, 在一些需要把直流电能逆变成交流电能的应用中, 输入直流电压范围波动很大, 比如光伏并网逆变器, 光伏电池板的输出电压随光照变化, 其波动很大。 这就要求其后级的 逆变器支持宽范围的输入电压。 针对这种情况, 如果使用传统的桥式逆变拓扑, 它要求逆变 器的输入电压要高于期望输出的交流峰值电压, 这样不仅限制了应用范围, 而且由于输入电 压波动很大所以要求桥式逆变器中选择的开关管额定电压很高, 这样就增加了逆变器成本。 如果输入的直流电压范围不能保持高于交流输出的电压峰值, 现在通常使用的拓扑是两级结 构, 即先 boost升压, 再桥式逆变。 这种方案有结构复杂, 成本高等缺点。 发明内容
本发明的目的是为了提供一种无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑; 以实现了高效率、 低成本、 宽电压输入并且无共模漏电流的电能逆变。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现- 这种无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 是在直流电输入端正负极上各串联一个开关管 (这里 称这两个开关管为斩波开关, 称与正极连接的斩波开关为 S5, 称与负极连接的斩波开关为 S6); 斩波开关 S5和 S6后面各串一个电感 (这里称这两个电感为平波电感, 称与斩波开关 S5连接的平波电感为 Ll, 称与斩波开关 S6连接的平波电感为 L2); 两个平波电感与斩波开 关的连接一侧之间连接有续流电路, 续流电路导通的方向为从斩波开关 S6与平波电感 L2之 间的节点到斩波开关 S5与平波电感 L1之间的节点; 两个平波电感 L1和 L2的另外一侧之间 连接由四个开关管组成的 H型换向桥 (简称这个 H型换向桥为 H桥)。
本发明中 H桥有两种类型, 一种是基本型 H桥, 一种是升压型 H桥, 基本型 H桥只能 实现降压逆变, 升压型 H桥在实现降压逆变的同时也可以实现升压逆变, 即输入直流电电压 值低于输出交流电电压峰值; 基本型 H桥是有四个开关管构成 (例如图 1中的 Sl、 S2、 S3 和 S4), H桥中与平波电感 L1连接的两个开关管为 SI和 S3, 称 H桥中与平波电感 L2连接 的两个开关管为 S2和 S4, SI与 S2组成一个桥臂, S3与 S4组成一个桥臂; 升压型 H桥的特 征是 H桥的四个半桥臂中至少有两个相邻的半桥臂是单向的 (称只能单向导通的半桥臂为单 向半桥臂),单向半桥臂实现方式有多种,例如采用开关管串联二极管实现、采用晶闸管实现、 采用耐反向电压的开关管实现等; 在 H桥输出点 (即两个桥臂中点) 之间连接平波电容 (这 里称这个电容为 C3 ); H桥的两个桥臂中点是逆变交流的输出, 当然实际应用中其后级还要 增加 EMC滤波电路, EMC滤波电路在附图中没有画出来, 因为这不是本发明的范畴; 在 H 桥的两个输入端或 H桥的输出端与直流输入侧之间可以增加电容 (这里称这两个电容为动态 均压电容, 图 1和图 2中的 C4和 C5), 它们的作用是对斩波开关 S5和 S6进行动态均压, 防 止在系统运行中这两个开关管的电压应力分配偏移, 并且它们也有抑制直流输入侧和交流输 出侧之间的共模漏干扰的作用; 从理论上, 如果所有的器件都是理想的, 动态均压电容 C4 和 C5是不需要的,但由于现实中用到的器件并不是绝对理想的,所以增加动态均压电容更好; 当然动态均压电容 C4和 C5只需要一个也能达到效果, 甚至在某些特殊应用中, 由于逆变器 输入和输出侧之间的寄生电容已经足够大, 这时逆变器内的共模抑制电容可以不要, 因为逆 变器直流输入侧和交流输出侧之间的寄生电容起到了对斩波幵关 S5和 S6的动态均压作用, 所以这种情况从电路原理上来讲, 动态均压电容还是存在的。
平波电感 L1和 L2的续流电路从采用器件的类型分有两种, 一种是二极管续流电路, 另 一种是同步开关续流电路; 续流电路从结构上分也有两种形式, 单管续流电路和双管续流电 路。 所以综合起来有四种续流电路: 单二极管续流电路 (图 1中的 Dl ), 双二极管续流电路 (图 2中的 C10、 Cll、 D5和 D6组成的电路), 单同步开关续流电路 (图 7中的 S7), 双同 步开关续流电路 (图 8中的 C10、 Cll、 S8和 S9组成的电路)。 单二极管续流电路是直接在 两个平波电感与斩波开关连接处之间连接一个续流二极管 (例如: 图 1中的 Dl ), 其导通方 向是从位于直流输入负极的斩波开关和平波电感之间的连接处到位于直流输入正极的斩波开 关和平波电感之间的连接处。双二极管续流电路是: 在直流电源输入端串联两个电容(例如: 图 2中的 C10和 Cll ), 在两个平波电感与斩波开关连接处之间连接串联两个二极管 (例如, 图 2中的 D5和 D6),两个电容之间的中点与两个二极管之间的中点相连,两个串联二极管的 导通方向是从位于直流输入负极的斩波开关和平波电感之间的连接处到位于直流输入正极的 斩波开关和平波电感之间的连接处。 单同步开关管续流电路是直接在两个平波电感与斩波开 关连接处之间连接一个续流开关管 (例如, 图 7中的 S7), 其导通方向是从位于直流输入负 极的斩波开关和平波电感之间的连接处到位于直流输入正极的斩波开关和平波电感之间的连 接处。 双同步开关管续流方式是: 在直流电源输入端串联两个电容 (例如, 图 8中的 C10、 C11 ), 在两个平波电感与斩波开关连接处之间连接串联两个续流开关管(例如, 图 8中的 S8 和 S9组成的电路), 两个电容之间的中点与两个续流开关之间的中点相连, 两个串联同步续 流开关的导通方向是从位于直流输入负极的斩波开关和平波电感之间的连接处到位于直流输 入正极的斩波开关和平波电感之间的连接处。 双管续流电路的好处是对斩波开关有电压钳位 保护功能, 而且可以不需要动态均压电容对斩波开关 S5和 S6进行均压, 这时动态均压电容 主要是降低系统的共模干扰输出。 不同的续流电路可以同时存在, 提供最大的性能。
升压型 H桥中, 四个半桥臂中至少要有两个相邻的半桥臂为单向的, 这是为了系统工作 在升压模式时, 防止输出侧的平波储能电容正负极间短路。 单向半桥臂的配置方式有三种: 都在直流负极侧(参考图 13 ); 都在直流正极侧(参考图 15 ); 直流正极和负极各一个, 即两 个单向半桥臂位于同一个桥臂上 (参考图 14和图 16)。
本发明提出的拓扑结构的工作原理是:
系统工作时, 当逆变输出的交流波形电压值小于输入的直流电压时, 两个斩波开关 S5 和 S6同时高频开关, 它们同时开通或同时关断; 当 S5和 S6开通时, 对后级电路充电, 当 S5和 S6断开时, 平波电感 L1和 L2的电流通过续流电路续流; 通过调制斩波开关 S5和 S6 的开关占空比, 调整逆变器输出的电压幅值波动; H换向桥以逆变需要输出的频率进行换向, 实现交流输出的极性变换; 当期望输出交流正半波时关断 S1和 S4, 开通 S2和 S3; 当期望输 出交流的负半波时关断 S2和 S3, 开通 S1和 S4。
系统工作时, 当逆变输出的交流波形电压值大于输入的直流电压时, 系统处于升压模式。 只有采用升压型 H桥的逆变拓扑支持此模式。 这时, 斩波开关处于开通状态, 升压型 H桥处 于换向并开关升压状态; H桥的一组对角开关管处于开通状态, 另外一组对角两个开关管中 的一个处于关断状态, 一个处于高频开关状态 (这里又称此时处于高频开关状态的管子为升 压开关管), 作升压开关管的条件是与它同直流输入极的另外一个半桥臂必须是单向的, 防止 输出侧的平波储能电容在桥臂之间形成放电; 升压开关管与前级的平波储能电感, 输出侧的 储能电容形成 Boost升压电路, 通过调整此高频开关管的开关占空比控制输出电压波形的波 动。
采用二极管的续流电路不需要控制, 当斩波开关断开时, 平波电感内的电流自然就会从 续流二极管续流。 采用同步开关管的续流电流, 同步开关管需要控制电路使其以斩波开关相 反的相位开关; 当 S5和 S6开通时, 同步续流开关 S7或 S8和 S9关断, 输入电压 Vin对后级 电路充电; 当 S5和 S6断开时, 同步续流开关 S7或 S8和 S9开通, 平波电感 L1和 L2的电 流通过同步续流开关 S7或 S8和 S9续流。
本发明的有益效果是:
有益效果一, 虽然用的开关管数量比传统全桥逆变拓扑多了, 但提高了系统效率, 并且 降低了成本, 因为降低了开关管的开关电压和额定电压要求。 斩波开关 S5和 S6的开关电压 和阻断电压都是 Vin/2; H桥中换向开关 Sl、 S2、 S3和 S4的开关电压为零, 它们的阻断电压 为 Vout。 本发明拓扑中对各个开关管的电压要求比传统桥式的开关管电压要求小了很多, 所 以采用本发明设计逆变器时选择开关管的额定电压低, 所以成本低。 开关电压的降低, 会降 低了系统的开关损耗; 开关管额定电压的要求降低, 可以大大降低了开关管的成本。
有益效果二, 本拓扑从原理上没有共模干扰输出, 所以没有共模漏电流问题, 提高了电 磁兼容的同时, 可以方便的应用于无隔离变压器的逆变系统中。
有益效果三, 本拓扑把传统的 Boost电路与逆变电路集成在一起, 把原来的两极结构变 成了一级结构, 用相当简单的拓扑实现了对宽直流输入电压的逆变。 附图说明
本说明书有二十个附图: 图 1, 采用单二极管续流电路和基本型 H桥的逆变拓扑;
图 2, 采用双二极管续流电路和基本型 H桥的逆变拓扑;
图 3, 二极管续流的基本型 H桥逆变拓扑, 当输出交流正半波时的开关状态一; 图 4, 二极管续流的基本型 H桥逆变拓扑, 当输出交流正半波时的开关状态二; 图 5, 二极管续流的基本型 H桥逆变拓扑, 当输出交流负半波时的开关状态一; 图 6, 二极管续流的基本型 H桥逆变拓扑, 当输出交流负半波时的开关状态二; 图 7, 采用单同步开关续流电路和基本型 H桥的逆变拓扑;
图 8, 采用双同步开关续流电路和基本型 H桥的逆变拓扑;
图 9, 采用同步开关管续流的基本型 H桥的逆变拓扑, 当输出交流正半波时的开关状态 图 10, 采用同步开关管续流的基本型 H桥的逆变拓扑, 当输出交流正半波时的开关状态 图 11, 采用同步开关管续流的基本型 H桥的逆变拓扑, 当输出交流负半波时的开关状态 图 12, 采用同步开关管续流的基本型 H桥的逆变拓扑, 当输出交流负半波时的开关状态 图 13 , 采用升压型 H桥的逆变拓扑 单向半桥臂下侧放置方式;
图 14, 采用升压型 H桥的逆变拓扑 单向半桥臂左桥臂放置方式;
图 15, 采用升压型 H桥的逆变拓扑 单向半桥臂上侧放置方式;
图 16, 采用升压型 H桥的逆变拓扑 单向半桥臂右桥臂放置方式;
图 17, 采用升压型 H桥的逆变拓扑 交流输出正半波、 输出电压比输入直流电压低时的 工作模式;
图 18,采用升压型 H桥的逆变拓扑 交流输出正半波、 输出电压比输入直流电压高时的 工作模式;
图 19,采用升压型 H桥的逆变拓扑 交流输出负半波、 输出电压比输入直流电压低时的 工作模式;
图 20, 采用升压型 H桥的逆变拓扑 交流输出负半波、 输出电压比输入直流电压髙时的 工作模式; 具体实施方式 下面结合附图与具体实施例进一步阐述本发明的技术特点:
如图 3、 图 4、 图 5、 图 6所示, 是使用本发明的二极管续流、 基本型 H桥的逆变拓扑实 现的逆变器例子的工作时的开关状态。图 3和图 4是当逆变器输出交流正半波时的情况,图 5 和图 6是当逆变器输出交流负半波时的情况。 当逆变器输出交流正半波时, 换向开关 S2和 S3保持在开通状态; 换向开关 S1和 S4保持在关断状态, 它们的阻断电压是 Vout。 当逆变器 输出交流负半波时,换向开关 S1和 S4保持在开通状态; 换向开关 S2和 S3保持在关断状态, 它们的阻断电压是 Vout。斩波开关 S5和 S6同时高频开关, 图 3和图 5是它们开通时的情况, 图 4和图 6是它们关断时的情况。 当 S5和 S6开通时, 电能从主流输入 Vin向后级传送, 这 时续流二极管关断; 当 S5和 S6关断时, 平波电感 L1和 L2中的电流通过续流二极管续流, 这时斩波开关 S5和 S6右侧的电压时 Vin/2, S 和 S6的电压应力是 Vin/2。通过调制 S5和 S6 的开关占空比, 控制逆变输出的电压幅值变换; 通过换向开关 Sl、 S2、 S3、 S4控制逆变输 出的极性变换, 从而实现逆变。 由于 S5和 S6同时开通时直流输入侧和交流输出侧之间的共 模电压, 与 S5和 S6同时关断时直流侧和交流侧之间的共模电压没有改变, 所以本拓扑没有 共模千扰的问题,大大改善了系统的 EMC性能,并且可以方便的用于无变压器隔离的逆变系 统中。
图 9、 图 10、 图 11、 图 12是使用本发明的同步开关管续流、 基本型 H桥逆变拓扑实现 的逆变器例子的工作时的开关状态。 H桥工作方式与二极管续流的 H桥相同。 图 9和图 10是 当逆变器输出交流正半波时的情况, 图 11和图 12是当逆变器输出交流负半波时的情况。 斩 波开关 S5和 S6同时开关, 同步续流开关 S7采用与斩波开关 S5和 S6相反的相位同步开关。 图 3和图 5是斩波开关开通和续流开关关断时的情况, 图 4和图 6是斩波开关关断和续流开 关开通时的情况。 当斩波开关 S5和 S6开通时, 电能从直流输入 Vin向后级传送, 这时续流 开关 S7关断; 当斩波开关 S5和 S6关断时, 平波电感 L1和 L2中的电流通过续流开关续流。
图 17、 图 18、 图 19、 图 20是使用本发明的升压型 H桥的逆变拓扑实现的宽输入电压范 围逆变时的四种工作模式。 图 17和图 18是当逆变器输出交流正半波时的情况, 图 19和图 20是当逆变器输出交流负半波时的情况。 当逆变器输出交流正半波并且输出电压值比直流输 入电压低时 (图 17), 斩波开关管处于高频开关状态, 换向开关 S2和 S3保持在开通状态, 换向开关 S1和 S4保持在关断状态。 这时, 系统通过控制斩波开关管的开关占空比来实现对 输出电压 Vout的波动变化。当逆变器输出交流正半波并且输出电压值比直流输入电压高时(图 18), 斩波开关管保持在开通状态, 换向开关 S2和 S3保持在开通状态, 换向开关 S1保持在 关断状态, 换向开关 S4这时作为升压开关管使用, 它处于高频开关状态。 这时, 系统通过控 制升压开关管 S4的开关占空比实现对输出电压 Vout的波动变化。 当逆变器输出交流负半波 并且输出电压值较直流输入电压低时 (图 19), 斩波开关管处于高频开关状态, 换向开关 S1 和 S4保持在开通状态, 换向开关 S2和 S3保持在关断状态。这时, 系统通过控制斩波开关管 的开关占空比实现对输出电压 Vout的波动变化。当逆变器输出交流负半波并且输出电压值较 直流输入电压高时 (图 20), 斩波开关管保持在开通状态, 换向开关 S1和 S4保持在开通状 态, 换向开关 S2保持在关断状态, 换向开关 S3这时作为升压开关管使用, 它处于高频开关 状态。 这时, 系统通过控制升压开关管 S3的开关占空比实现对输出电压 Vout的波动变化。 通过上述这四种工作模式, 本发明比传统两级式拓扑更简单、 成本更低的方式实现了直流输 入的宽范围逆变。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 其特征在于: 直流输入端的正极和负极上各有一个斩波 开关, 这两个斩波开关后面各连接一个平波电感, 在两个斩波开关与平波电感的连接之间有 续流电路, 两个平波电感的后面连接一个 H桥。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 其特征在于: 所述的续流电路采 用单二极管续流电路、 双二极管续流电路、 单同步开关管续流电路和双同步开关管续流电路 中的一种或几种续流电流同时存在。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 其特征在于: 所述的单二极管续 流电路是在两个平波电感与斩波开关连接处之间连接一个二极管, 其导通方向是从位于直流 输入负极的斩波开关和平波电感之间的连接处到位于直流输入正极的斩波开关和平波电感之 间的连接处。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 其特征在于: 所述的双二极管续 流电路是在直流电源输入端串联两个电容, 在两个平波电感与斩波开关的连接处之间连接串 联两个二极管, 两个电容之间的中点与两个二极管之间的中点相连, 两个串联二极管的导通 方向是从位于直流输入负极的斩波开关和平波电感之间的连接处到位于直流输入正极的斩波 开关和平波电感之间的连接处。
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 其特征在于: 所述的单同步开关 管续流电路是在两个平波电感与斩波开关连接处之间连接一个续流开关管, 其导通方向是从 位于直流输入负极的斩波开关和平波电感之间的连接处到位于直流输入正极的斩波开关和平 波电感之间的连接处。
6. 根据权利要求 2所述的无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 其特征在于: 所述的双同步开关 管续流电路是在直流电源输入端串联两个电容, 在两个平波电感与斩波开关的连接处之间连 接串联两个续流开关管, 两个电容之间的中点与两个续流开关管之间的中点相连, 两个串联 续流开关管的导通方向是从位于直流输入负极的斩波开关和平波电感之间的连接处到位于直 流输入正极的斩波开关和平波电感之间的连接处。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 其特征在于: 所述 H桥的两个桥 臂中点连接有平波电容。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 其特征在于: 所述的 H桥有两种 类型: 升压型 H桥和由四个开关管构成的基本型 H桥。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 其特征在于: 所述的升压型 H桥 的四个半桥臂中至少有两个相邻的半桥臂是单向的, 单向半桥臂实现方式有: 开关管串联二 极管、 采用晶闸管或耐反向电压的开关管。
10. 根据权利要求 1或权利要求 8所述的无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 其特征在于: 当 输入电压高于输出交流电压时, 系统处于降压模式, 这吋斩波开关处于高频开关状态, H桥 处于换向状态, H桥的两个对角开关管开通、 另外两个对角开关管关断。
11. 根据权利要求 8所述的无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 其特征在于: 当采用升压性 H 桥时, 当输入电压低于输出交流电压时, 系统处于升压模式, 这时斩波开关处于开通状态, H桥处于换向并升压状态, H桥的一组对角开关管处于开通状态, H桥另外一组对角两个开 关管中的一个处于关断状态, 一个处于高频开关状态, 后者同直流输入极的相邻半桥臂是单 向的。
12. 根根据权利要求 1所述的无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑, 其特征在于: H桥的两个输 入端或 H桥的输出端与直流输入侧之间可以连接有动态均压电容, 进行两个斩波开关的电压 应力进行动态均压, 和抑制直流输入侧和交流输出侧之间的共模漏干扰输出。
PCT/CN2012/001417 2012-03-12 2012-10-23 无共模干扰单相逆变器拓扑 WO2013134904A1 (zh)

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