WO2013133645A1 - 무선 접속 시스템에서 계층적 빔 포밍 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 - Google Patents
무선 접속 시스템에서 계층적 빔 포밍 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013133645A1 WO2013133645A1 PCT/KR2013/001850 KR2013001850W WO2013133645A1 WO 2013133645 A1 WO2013133645 A1 WO 2013133645A1 KR 2013001850 W KR2013001850 W KR 2013001850W WO 2013133645 A1 WO2013133645 A1 WO 2013133645A1
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- beams
- terminal
- base station
- information
- beamforming
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0417—Feedback systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0602—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching
- H04B7/0608—Antenna selection according to transmission parameters
- H04B7/061—Antenna selection according to transmission parameters using feedback from receiving side
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0636—Feedback format
- H04B7/0639—Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/24—Cell structures
- H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wireless access system, and more particularly, to a method for performing beamforming in a wireless access system that supports Massive Multi-Input Mult i-Output, and the like. It is about the supported device.
- SFBC Techniques such as space frequency block coding (SM), spatial multiplexing (SM), closed-loop MIMO / beamf orming, and zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) have been applied to LIE or LTE-A commercial systems.
- SM space frequency block coding
- SM spatial multiplexing
- ZFBF zero-forcing beamforming
- An object of the present invention is to propose a method and apparatus for smoothly performing beamforming between a terminal and a base station in a wireless access system, preferably a Massive MIM0 system. D-. '
- An aspect of the present invention provides a method for performing hierarchical beamforming in a wireless access system, wherein a base station corresponds to a plurality of first beams to which different steering vectors are applied.
- a base station corresponds to a plurality of first beams to which different steering vectors are applied.
- the initial stage of transmitting to the terminal through a reference signal that is, the reference signal that is respectively treated with a plurality of second beams to which different steering vectors are applied in consideration of feedback information including the index of one or more beams received from the base station by the base station
- the repeating step may be repeated a predetermined number of times.
- RF Radio Frequency radio frequency
- the angles of the second beams may be determined according to the angles of the one or more beams.
- the feedback information may further include any one of signal strength, channel quality information (CQI), and PMKPrecoding Matrix Indication (PMQ) at least one of 3 ⁇ 4.
- CQI channel quality information
- PMQ PMKPrecoding Matrix Indication
- ⁇ is determined for all of the first quarters or the second ranges, or at least one selected by the terminal through the signal strength of the first beams or the second ranges. Only beams may be determined for the target.
- angles of the second beams may be determined at equal intervals in consideration of signal strengths for the plurality of beams.
- the first beams or the second beams may be generated using only antenna ports having a predetermined interval, may be generated using antenna ports grouped by a predetermined number, or may be generated by combining the predetermined number. -.
- the reference signal may be CSI—Channel State Information Reference Signal (RS).
- RS Channel State Information Reference Signal
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for performing hierarchical beamf orming in a wireless access system, in which a UE performs step size and hierarchical beamforming for hierarchical beamforming from a base station.
- a UE performs step size and hierarchical beamforming for hierarchical beamforming from a base station.
- the terminal receives a parameter including the number of beams in each step for the initial step, the terminal transmits a plurality of first beams to which a different steering vector is applied to the base station through the reference signal respectively respectively;
- the terminal transmits a plurality of second beams to which different steering vectors are applied to the base station through corresponding reference signals, respectively;
- the iteration step can be repeated by step size.
- a terminal for performing reciprocal hierarchical beamforniing in a wireless access system comprising a radio frequency (RF) unit and a processor for transmitting and receiving a radio signal, and a processor Receives a parameter from the base station including a step size for reciprocal beamforming and the number of beams in each step for hierarchical beamforming, and each of the plurality of first categories to which different steering vectors are applied; Performing an initial step of transmitting to the base station through a corresponding reference signal, in consideration of feedback information including the index of one or more beams received from the base station, respectively corresponding to a plurality of second beams to which different steering vectors are applied To the base station via a reference signal It is set to perform a repeating step, the repeating step can be repeated by the step size.
- RF radio frequency
- the angles of the second beams may be determined according to the angles of the one or more beams.
- the feedback information can further include any one of the write signal strength, CQK Channel Quality Information), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indication) for i in one or more beams.
- PMI Precoding Matrix Indication
- the PMI is determined for all of the first beams or the second beams or only one or more beams selected by the base station using the signal strength of the frame. Can be determined to target.
- PMI Precoding Matrix Indication
- angles of the second beams may be determined at uneven intervals in consideration of signal strengths for the plurality of beams.
- the first beams or the second beams may be generated using only antenna ports having a predetermined interval, may be generated using antenna ports grouped by a predetermined number, or may be generated by combining the predetermined number. -.
- the reference signal may be a sounding reference signal (SRS).
- SRS sounding reference signal
- a beamforming can be performed smoothly between a terminal and a base station in a wireless access system supporting a wireless access system, preferably a Massive MIM0 system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining physical channels used in a 3GPP LTE system and a general signal transmission method using the same.
- FIG. 2 shows a structure of a radio frame in 3GPP LTE.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a resource grid for one downlink slot.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a pattern in which a common reference signal (CRS) is placed on a resource block when using a general cyclic prefix.
- CRS common reference signal
- FIG. 7 and 8 illustrate a pattern in which a UE-specific reference signal (DM—RS) is disposed on a resource block when using a general cyclic prefix.
- DM—RS UE-specific reference signal
- FIG. 9 illustrates a pattern in which a CSI-RS according to CSI-RS configuration # 0 is disposed on a resource block when using a general cyclic prefix.
- Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating a conventional beam ion (Convent ional Beanrformin) operation.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a hierarchical beamformaing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a beam angle adaptation method using non-equal quantization according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 16 to 18 illustrates a graph showing the results of applying the migration of water during the hierarchical beamforming technique in accordance with ⁇ the invention.
- FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the base station has a meaning as a terminal node of the network that directly communicates with the terminal.
- Certain operations described in this document as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by an upper node of the base station. That is, it is apparent that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network including a plurality of network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station.
- the base station (BS: Base 'Station) is a fixed station (fixed station), Node B, eNode B (eNB), an access point (AP: Access Point) eu itdi be replaced by a " and the like. Repeater can be replaced by terms such as Relay Node (RN), Relay Station (RS).
- 'Tenninal' refers to a user equipment (UE), an MSCMobi le Station (UE), a Mobi le Subscriber Stat ion (MSS), an SSCSubscriber Station (AMSC), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMSC), a wireless terminal (WT), a Mach ne ne -Can be replaced with terms such as Type Communication (Machine), Machine-to-Machine (M2M), and Device-to-Device (D2D) devices.
- UE user equipment
- UE MSCMobi le Station
- MSS Mobi le Subscriber Stat ion
- AMSC SSCSubscriber Station
- AMSC Advanced Mobile Station
- WT wireless terminal
- Mach ne ne -Can can be replaced with terms such as Type Communication (Machine), Machine-to-Machine (M2M), and Device-to-Device (D2D) devices.
- Embodiments of the present invention may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of wireless access systems IEEE 802 system, 3GPP system, 3GPP LTE and LTE—L (LTE-Advanced) system and 3GPP2 system . That is, steps or parts which are not described in order to clearly reveal the technical and spirit of the present invention among the embodiments of the present invention may be supported by the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in this document can be described by the above standard document. [44] The following techniques are code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (0FDMA), and sin le carrier frequency division (SC-FDMA). It can be used in various wireless access systems such as multiple access.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- FDMA frequency division multiple access
- TDMA time division multiple access
- SC-FDMA sin le carrier frequency division
- CDMA can be implemented with radio technologies such as UTRA Jniversal Terrestrial Radio Access) or CDMA2000.
- TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSKGlobal System for Mobile Communications (GPS) / Gene ra 1 Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).
- GPS Global System for Mobile Communications
- GPRS Gene ra 1 Packet Radio Service
- EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
- FDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA), etc.
- UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
- LTE Long term evolution
- E-UMTS Evolved UMTS
- SC-FDMA SC-FDMA in uplink
- LTE-A Advanced
- 3GPP LTE 3rd Generation Partnership Project
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining physical channels used in a 3GPP LTE system and a general signal transmission method using the same.
- the new cell enters the initial cell search operation, such as synchronizing with the base station, in step S101.
- the terminal receives a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) and a floating channel (S—SCH: Secondary Synchronization Channel) from the base station, synchronizes with the base station, and obtains information such as a cell ID.
- P-SCH primary synchronization channel
- S—SCH floating channel
- the terminal may receive a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal from the base station to obtain broadcast information in the seal.
- PBCH physical broadcast channel
- the UE may check the downlink channel state by receiving a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in the initial cell search step.
- DL RS downlink reference signal
- the UE may receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) according to physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and physical downlink control channel information in step S102. You can get more detailed system information.
- the terminal may perform a random access procedure such as step S103 to step S106 after completing the access to the base station.
- the UE transmits a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S103), and a preamble through a physical downlink control channel and a physical downlink shared channel thereto.
- PRACH physical random access channel
- S104 In response to the answer to the message can be received (S104).
- S105 an additional physical random access channel signal
- S106 Physical downlink shared channel signal corresponding to the child
- the UE After performing the above-described procedure, the UE subsequently receives a physical downlink control channel signal and / or a physical downlink shared channel signal (S107) and a physical uplink shared channel as a general uplink / downlink signal transmission procedure.
- a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal and / or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal may be transmitted (S108).
- UCI uplink control information
- UCI is generally transmitted periodically through a PUCCH, but may be transmitted through a PUSCH when control information and traffic data should be transmitted at the same time.
- the UCI can be aperiodically transmitted through the PUSCH by request / instruction of the network.
- FIG. 2 shows the structure of a radio frame in 3GPP LTE.
- uplink / downlink data packet transmission is performed in units of subframes, and one subframe includes a plurality of subframes. Defined as a certain time interval including an OFDM symbol.
- the 3GPP LTE standard supports a type 1 radio frame structure applicable to frequency division duplex (FDD) and a type 2 radio frame structure applicable to time division duplex (TDD).
- the downlink radio frame consists of 10 subframes, and one subframe consists of two slots in the time domain (lain in time d).
- the time taken for one subframe to be transmitted is called a TTK transmission time interval.
- the length of one subframe may be lnis and the length of one slot may be 0.5ms.
- One slot includes a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (0FDM) symbols in the time domain, and includes a plurality of resource blocks (RBs) in the frequency domain. Since 3GPP LTE uses 0FDMA in downlink, OFDM symbols are used to represent one symbol period. An OFDM symbol may be referred to as one SC— FDMA symbol or a symbol period.
- a resource block (RB) as a resource allocation unit includes a plurality of consecutive subcarriers in one slot.
- the number of OFDM symbols included in one slot may vary depending on the configuration of a cyclic prefix (CP).
- CPs have an extended CP and a normal CP. For example, if an OFDM symbol is configured by a general cyclic prefix, the number of 0FDM symbols in one slot may be seven.
- the 0FDM symbol is configured by the extended cyclic prefix, since the length of one 0FDM symbol is increased, the number of 0FDM symbols included in one slot is smaller than that of the normal cyclic prefix.
- the extended cyclic prefix for example, the number of 0FDM symbols included in one slot may be six.
- the extended cyclic prefix may be used to further reduce the interference between symbols.
- one slot includes 7 0FDM symbols, so one subframe includes 14 0FDM symbols.
- the first up to three 0FDM symbols in each subframe are PDCCH (physical downlink control) channel) and the remaining OFDM symbols may be allocated to a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).
- PDCCH physical downlink control
- Type 2 radio frame consists of two half frames, each half frame is composed of five subframes, downlink pi time slot (DwPTS), guard period (GP), UpPTSCUplink Pilot Time Slot (GP)
- DwPTS downlink pi time slot
- GP guard period
- One subframe consists of two slots.
- DwPTS is used, the initial cell search, synchronization, or channel estimation at the terminal de- UpPTS is used to synchronize uplink transmission of a channel estimator-terminal in a base station.
- the guard interval is due to uplink outer ⁇ multi-path delay of a downlink signal between the DL duration to eliminate interference occurring in three uplink.
- the structure of the radio frame described above is just one example, and the number of subframes included in the radio frame or the number of slots included in the subframe.
- the number of symbols included in the slot may vary.
- 3 is a diagram illustrating a resource grid for one downlink slot.
- one downlink slot includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain.
- one downlink slot includes seven OFDM symbols, and one resource block includes 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain, for example, but is not limited thereto.
- Each element is a resource element (RE) on a resource grid, and one resource block includes 12 x 7 resource elements.
- the number N DL of resource blocks included in the downlink slot depends on the downlink transmission bandwidth.
- the structure of the uplink slot may be the same as that of the downlink slot.
- up to three OFDM symbols in the first slot in a subframe are control regions to which control channels are allocated, and the remaining OFDM symbols are allocated a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).
- PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
- the data region As an example of a downlink control channel used in 3GPP LTE PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PHICH (Physical Hybricl-ARQ Indicator Channel).
- the PCFICH is transmitted in the first OFDM symbol of a subframe and carries information about the number of OFDM symbols (ie, the size of a control region) used for transmission of control channels in the subframe.
- PHICH is a response channel for uplink and for HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request)
- the downlink control information includes uplink resource allocation information, downlink resource allocation information, or an uplink transmission power control command for a certain terminal group.
- the PDCCH is a resource allocation and transmission format of DL—SCH (downlink shared channel), and resource allocation information of U-link shared channel (UL-SCH) (also called an uplink grant). .). Paging information in PCHCPaging Channel System information in DL-SCH, resource allocation for upper layer control messages such as random access response transmitted in PDSCH, random It may carry a set of transmission power control commands, activation of Voice over IP (VoIP), etc. for individual terminals in the terminal group.
- the plurality of PDCCHs may be transmitted in a control region, and the terminal may monitor the plurality of PDCCHs.
- the PDCCH consists of a set of one or a plurality of consecutive CCEs. CCE is a wireless channel.
- the CCE corresponds to a plurality of resource element groups.
- the format of the PDCCH and the number of available bits of the PDCCH are determined according to the association between the number of CCEs and the coding rate provided by the CCEs.
- the base station determines the PDCCH format according to the DCI to be transmitted to the terminal and attaches a CRCCCyclic Redundancy Check) to the control information.
- the CRC is masked with a unique identifier (called the RNTKRadio Network Temporary Identifier) depending on the owner or purpose of the PDCCH. If it is a PDCCH for a specific terminal, a unique identifier of the terminal, for example, C—R TKCeU-RjNTI l-CRC can be masked. or If it is a PDCCH for a paging message, then a paging indication identifier, eg P-RNTI (Paging-RNTI), may be masked to the CRC.
- P-RNTI Paging-RNTI
- the system information more specifically, the PDCCH for a system information block (SIB), a system information identifier and a system information RNTI (SI-RNTI) may be masked to the CRC.
- SI-RNTI system information RNTI
- a RA-R TI random access-RNTI
- 5 shows a structure of an uplink subframe.
- an uplink subframe may be divided into a control region and a data region in the frequency domain.
- a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) carrying uplink control information is allocated to the control region.
- a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) carrying user data is allocated.
- PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
- a PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
- one UE does not simultaneously transmit a PUCCH and a PUSCH.
- the PUCCH for one UE is allocated an RB pair in a subframe.
- the RBs belonging to the RB pair occupy different subcarriers in each of the two slots. This RB pair allocated to the PUCCH is said to be frequency hopping at the slot boundary (slot boundary).
- signal distortion may occur during the transmission process because the transmitted packet is transmitted through a wireless channel.
- the distortion In order to correctly receive the distorted signal at the receiving end, the distortion must be corrected in the received signal using the channel information.
- it is mainly used to find out the channel information by transmitting a signal that is known to both the transmitter and the receiver and having the distortion degree when the signal is received through the channel. In this way, signals known to both the transmitter and the receiver are called pilot signals or reference signals.
- a reference signal can be classified into two types according to its purpose. Reference signals include those used for channel information acquisition and data demodulation. In the former, since the terminal can acquire channel information in downlink, it needs to be transmitted over a wide band. Even if the terminal does not receive downlink data in a specific subframe, the terminal receives and measures the reference signal. You should be able to.
- Such a channel measurement reference signal can also be used for handover measurement.
- the latter is a reference signal sent together by the base station to the corresponding resource when transmitting a downlink signal.
- the terminal may perform channel estimation by receiving a header-reference signal, and thus demodulate data. This demodulation reference signal must be transmitted in the area where data is transmitted.
- a downlink reference signal As a downlink reference signal, a common reference signal (CRS) shared by all terminals in a cell and a dedicated reference signal (DRS) for only a specific terminal are defined. .
- CRS is used for two purposes: channel information acquisition and data demodulation, also known as cell-specific RS.
- the base station transmits the CRS every subframe over the broadband.
- DRS is used only for data demodulation, and DRS can be transmitted through resource elements when data demodulation on PDSCH is required.
- the terminal may receive the presence or absence of the DRS through the parent negotiation. Only valid when the corresponding PDSCH is mapped.
- DRS may be referred to as UE specific RS or demodulation RS (DMRS).
- the receiver estimates the state of the channel from the CRS to feed back indicators related to channel quality such as CQKChannel Quality Indicator (CQKChannel Quality Indicator), ⁇ (Precoding Matrix Index) and / or RKRank Indicator) to the transmitter (base station).
- CQKChannel Quality Indicator CQKChannel Quality Indicator
- ⁇ Precoding Matrix Index
- RKRank Indicator Reference signals related to feedback of channel state information (CSI) such as CQI / PMI / RI may be separately defined as CSI RS.
- CSI-RS for the purpose of channel measurement is characterized in that it is designed for channel measurement-oriented purposes, unlike the conventional CRS is used for data demodulation at the same time as the channel measurement.
- the base station transmits CSI—RS for all antenna ports. Also. CSI- Since the RS is transmitted for the purpose of knowing downlink channel information, unlike the DRS, the RS is transmitted to the entire band.
- 3GPP LTE system defines two transmission methods, open-loop MIM0 (open-loop MIM0) and closed-loop MIM0 (close-loop MIMO) that operate without channel information of the receiver.
- the transceiver performs beamformiiig based on channel information, that is, channel state information (CSI).
- CSI channel state information
- the base station allocates a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) or a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) to the UE in order to obtain the CSI from the UE to feedback the downlink CSI.
- PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
- PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
- CSI is classified into three types of information: RKRank Indicator (PKR), Precoding Matrix Index (PMI), and Channel Quality Indication (CQ I).
- PKI RKRank Indicator
- PMI Precoding Matrix Index
- CQ I Channel Quality Indication
- RI is a di denotes a tank (rank) of the information channel
- the mobile station indicates the number of a same frequency time party "signal streams (or layers) for receiving, through a circle. Since this value is determined to be dominant by long term fading of the channel, it is fed back from the terminal to the base station with a period longer than that of the PMI and CQI values.
- PMI is a value reflecting a spatial characteristic of a channel and represents a precoding index of a base station preferred by a terminal based on a measurement value such as a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). That is, PMI is information about a precoding matrix used for transmission from a transmitter.
- the precoding matrix fed back from the receiver is determined in consideration of the number of layers indicated by RI.
- PMI can be fed back in the case of closed-loop spatial multiplexing and large delay CDD transmission. In the case of loop transmission, the precoding matrix can be selected according to a predetermined rule.
- the receiver selects PMI for each rank as follows.
- the receiving end may calculate a previously processed SINR for each PMI, convert the calculated SINR into sum capacity, and select the best PMI based on the total capacity. That is, the calculation of the PMI by the receiver may be a process of finding an optimal PMI based on the total capacity.
- the transmitter which has received PMI feedback from the receiver, can use the precoding matrix recommended by the receiver as it is.
- the transmission scheduling allocation information may be included as an indicator of 1 bit.
- the transmitting end may not use the precoding matrix indicated by the PMI fed back from the receiving end. In this case, precoding matrix information used by the transmitting end for data transmission to the receiving end is specified in the scheduling assignment information. May be included as .
- CQI is a value representing the strength of a channel, and means a reception SINR obtained when a base station uses PMI.
- the terminal reports to the base station a CQI index indicating a specific combination in a set consisting of combinations of a predetermined modulation scheme and code rate.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a pattern in which a common reference signal (CRS) is placed on a resource block when using general cyclic prefix.
- CRS common reference signal
- R0 through R3 shown in FIG. 6 each represent an antenna—CRS for ports 0-3 . Indicates the resource element to which is mapped. That is, Rp represents a resource element to which reference signal transmission on the antenna port index p is mapped.
- CRS is defined in various types of CRS according to the antenna configuration of the transmitting side (base station).
- the 3GPP LTE system supports various antenna configurations (Antenna conf igurat ion), and the downlink signal transmitting side (base station) has three antenna configurations such as single antenna, 2 transmitting antennas, and 4 transmitting antennas. .
- the reference signal When supporting a de-antenna antenna, when a reference signal is transmitted from one antenna port, the reference signal is transmitted to a resource element (RE) position specified according to a reference signal pattern, and a resource element position designated for another antenna port is No signal is sent.
- RE resource element
- each reference signal may be located at six subcarrier intervals in the frequency domain. Accordingly, at least five neighboring cells may be located at different positions in the frequency domain through the subcarrier transition in the frequency domain.
- PN Pseudo-rand 1
- ni—sequence a predefined sequence
- the channel estimation performance can be improved by reducing the interference of the signal of the updated pilot symbol.
- the PN sequence is applied in units of OFDM symbols in one subframe, and different PN sequences may be applied according to a cell ID, a subframe number, an OFDM symbol position, and a terminal ID.
- the DM-RS is a reference signal for data demodulation, it is located in a region to which a downlink data channel is allocated and is allocated to a position where a CRS is not allocated in a region to which a downlink data channel is allocated.
- the UE is signaled whether the presence of the DM-RS is transmitted through the upper layer, that is, whether the downlink data channel transmission is transmitted based on the CRS or the DM-RS.
- FIG. 7 and 8 illustrate a pattern in which a UE-specific reference signal (DM-RS) is disposed on a resource block when using a general cyclic prefix.
- DM-RS UE-specific reference signal
- DM-RSs for different antenna ports may be classified as being located in different frequency resources (subcarriers) and / or different time resources (OFDM symbols).
- DM- RS 'antenna ports ⁇ 9, 10, .12, 14 ⁇ included in set 2 DM-RS may be mapped to the same resource element, all of which are to be multiplexed by the orthogonal codes
- the number of layers transmitted to the terminal is small (for example, the transmission ray Since the DRS pattern for the antenna ports included in one set may be used in the case of 1 to 2, the number of transport layers transmitted to the UE is large (for example, the number of transport layers is 3 to 8). In the case of a dog), the DM-RS pattern for the antenna ports included in the two sets may be used.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pattern of DM—RS transmitted through antenna port 5
- FIG. 8 illustrates a pattern of DM—RS transmitted through antenna ports 7 to 10.
- R5 and R7 to R10 illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 represent resource elements to which DM-RSs for antenna ports 5 and 7 to 10 are mapped.
- Rp represents a resource element to which the reference signal transmission on the antenna port index p is mapped.
- a system having an extended antenna configuration for example, an LTE-supporting 8 transmission antenna
- a system having an existing antenna configuration for example, an LTE Release 8 system supporting 4 transmission antennas.
- a system is required to transmit a new reference signal for acquiring channel state information CS1.
- the aforementioned CRS is not required, it is designed in a new reference signal, which can deukhal segment the channel state on the extended antenna port since the reference signal for antenna ports 0 to 3. Additionally, di -
- the CSI-RS has been proposed for channel measurement for PDSCH separately from the CRS. Unlike the CRS, the CSI-RS has a maximum of 32 to enjoy inter-cell interference (ICi) in a multi-cell environment. Different branches of the branch. Can be defined with different coniigurat ions.
- the configuration of the CSI-RS is different depending on the number of antenna ports of a cell, and configured to transmit CSI-RSs defined by different configurations as much as possible between adjacent cells.
- the CSI ⁇ RS ' configuration is divided into cyclic prefixes (normal cyclic prefixes or extended cyclic prefixes), and applies to both FS1 and FS2 according to the frame structure (FS) type. And FS2 only.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a pattern in which a CSI-RS according to CSI-RS configuration # 0 is disposed on a resource block when using a general cyclic prefix.
- CSI-RSs for different antenna ports can be distinguished by being located in different frequency resources (subcarriers) and / or different time resources (0FDM symbols).
- CSi—RSs for different antenna ports located on the same time—frequency resources may be distinguished from each other by orthogonal codes.
- CSI-RSs for antenna ports 15 and 16 CSI—RSs for antenna ports 17 and 18, CSI-RSs for antenna ports 19 and 20 in the example of FIG.
- the CSI-RSs for antenna ports 21 and 22 may each be located in the same resource element, which may be multiplexed by orthogonal codes.
- Multiple CSI—RS configuration can be used within a single cell.
- 3 ⁇ 4 means one (or zero) configuration that assumes non-zero transmission power for CSI-RS and multiple configurations (or zero) that the terminal assumes zero transmission power. ) Can be used.
- the UE For each bit set to 1 in the 16-bit bitmap 'ZeroPowerCSI-RS' set by the upper layer, the UE has four CSIs in Table 1 and Table 2 according to the normal pure white ⁇ transpose and extended cyclic transpose, respectively.
- the zero transmission power is determined. It uses non-zero transmission power CSI set by the upper layer, excluding resource elements that overlap with RS resource elements.
- the most significant bit of the bitmap is the lowest CSI-.
- the next bits sequentially correspond to the CSI-RS configuration index.
- the CSI-RS may exist only in a downlink slot that satisfies " s mDd 2 in Tables 1 and 2 below according to a general cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix.
- the UE assumes that CSI-RS is not transmitted in the following cases.
- the resource element used for CSI-RS transmission on a specific antenna port in the antenna port set of z ) is not used for PDSCH transmission on another antenna port in the same slot, CSI—for other antenna ports within that antenna port set (s) within the slot.
- Table 1 illustrates the mapping relationship of resource elements according to CSI-RS configuration when general cyclic prefix is used.
- Table 2 illustrates a mapping relationship of resource elements (su) according to CS RS configuration when extended cyclic prefix is used.
- the CSI-RS may be transmitted in a specific subframe instead of every subframe.
- CSI—RS refers to the CSI_RS subframe configuration shown in Table 3 below, but may be transmitted in a subframe that satisfies Equation 1 below.
- S1 c - R s is a period in which the CSI-RS transmission
- a csi-Rs are offset values, system frame number, "s is the de-sense the slot number, respectively -.
- / Csi- RS is cSi — Can be set individually for each RS.
- the above-described CSI-RS may be signaled to the UE as a CSH-S config information element as shown in Table 4 below.
- 'ResourceConfig-rlO' in the CSI-RS configuration indicates a location where the CSI-RS is transmitted. This indicates the location of the symbol and subcarrier within a resource block, according to the CSI-RS configuration number (see Table 1 or Table 2) expressed as a number from 0 to 31.
- Table 5 illustrates a description of the CSI-RS configuration field.
- i A parameter indicating the number of antenna ports used for CSI-RS transmission. Antenna 1 corresponds to 1, antenna 2 equals 2, and so on.
- Massive Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIM0) systems use a large number of antennas to maximize beam gain and reduce intra-cell interference and noise. you can eliminate the influence itdi i.
- a transmission scheme may be different according to a duplex scheme such as' FDiXFrequency Division Duplex) of a TDDCTime Division Duplex.
- the TDD system refers to a method in which downlink and uplink use the same frequency band and are divided by time. Therefore, when the coherence time of the radio channel is large, that is, when the Doppler effect is small, the radio channel characteristics of the downlink and the uplink may be assumed to be the same. This can be called reciprocity. Therefore, the base station, performs channel estimation by using a reference signal (RS) of the transmitting terminal in uplink and itdi can transmit a downlink signal using the channel estimation information when a downlink transmission.
- RS reference signal
- the base station since the base station does not need to transmit a separate downlink reference signal to obtain downlink channel information, it is possible to obtain a gain in terms of resource overhead, and it is a large gain in the massive MIM0 using a large number of antennas. .
- the predominant of the massive MIM0 system Looking at the objective beamforming tube, point, as described above, in the TDD system, a transmitter (for example, a base station) using a channel or a signal transmitted from a receiver (for example, a terminal) using reciprocity is used. Can compute a beamforming vector.
- the beamforming vector means that the weight applied to each antenna is composed of the vector.
- the larger the cell coverage the longer the switching protection time, and thus, the lower the throughput.
- the TDD system is more limited in cell coverage than FDD.
- the TDD system should consider the same DL / UL configuration between each base station and have a constraint that up / down transmission synchronization between base stations must be achieved. ⁇ the hinge. Due to such a disadvantage of TDD, the duplex scheme of the massive MIM0 can be considered in FDD.
- the FDD system uses a different frequency for downlink and uplink. Therefore, the base station cannot use the channel information estimated by using the reference signal (RS) of the terminals transmitted in the uplink during the downlink transmission, such as TDD. In other words, such channel symmetry cannot be used in the FDD system, so another method must be explored. Accordingly, in the case of the FDD system, unlike the case of the TDD system, the base station must transmit a reference signal and receive the channel information from the terminal in order to acquire the channel information for the downlink.
- RS reference signal
- a channel provided by a base station provides a reference signal or pilot for estimating a channel of each antenna of a transmitting antenna (for example, a base station) and estimated by using a reference signal at a receiving end (for example, a terminal). Report the channel state information to the base station based on the. 10 illustrates such a conventional beamforming operation.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a conventional beamforming operation.
- the base station transmits a total of M reference signals to provide M beam patterns to the UE. .
- the UE reports the beam # 2 in ⁇ of reference signals to the base station, the station exchanger is performed to a terminal haeding, precoding for the DL transmission when # 2 transmits a downlink signal.
- a terminal selects an appropriate beamforming vector (or precoding matrix / vector) from a codebook corresponding to the number of antennas of a base station (ie, transmitting end). The index is reported to the base station.
- codebook-based beamforming depends on the size of the codebook, the amount of information sent from the terminal to the base station. ⁇ It is a good technique to use in commercial system because it can obtain subop mal performance.
- codebook-based beamforming it is a channel matrix in addition to codebook-based beamforming, which quantizes a cov'ariance matrix to inform a base station or transmit an analog value that is not quantized to a base station. Ways to do this have been proposed.
- the massive MIM0 since the massive MIM0 considers a large number of antennas, it is necessary to consider not only the overhead of the reference signal but also the feedback overhead that the terminal should transmit. If the number of antennas of the base station is assumed to be 100 in the FDD system and all antennas are used for beamforming, the number of resource elements (RE) that the base station should use to transmit the reference signal is 100 or more. I need this.
- the resource element means a resource that can be used in the code domain as well as time and frequency. For example, 8 (for a single antenna) and 16 (for 2 antennas) to transmit three CRSs within one resource block (RB) in an LTE system.
- the problem caused by the increase in the number of counters can be an overhead not only in reference signal overhead but also in the amount of feedback information of the terminal and the design of the codebook.
- the codebook design should be done according to the number of antennas transmitted by the base station. This can cause a lot of constraints on the number of transmit antennas or the type of codebook.
- the codebook size is proportional. To increase. Therefore, the terminal needs to perform many operations to calculate the appropriate PMI in the codebook, and the amount of information to be fed back also increases due to the increase in the codebook type light size.
- the process of acquiring downlink channel information is not suitable for a massive MIM0 system considering a large number of antennas. Therefore, in order to use the massive MIM0 system in the FDD system, that is, when the massive antenna is installed at the transmitting end in the FDD system, the Tx beamforming gain is obtained and the system overhead and complexity to support the MIM0 system are obtained. Suggest ways to maintain in a reasonable range.
- random beamforming may be considered to reduce the reference signal overhead. Random beamforming randomly transmits a plurality of beam patteni in an open loop form or using only limited information without channel information received from the terminal when performing beamforming, and through this, the received signal of the terminal A technique that can raise the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Random beamforming may include various open loop beamforming techniques or many techniques for adapting random characteristics of a beam by receiving some information from a terminal.
- the technique proposed in the present invention is based on the hierarchical design of the beam shape when the random beamforming is performed, and the UE feeds back the beam index. This may be referred to as Hierarchical BeaniFormaing (HBF) or Hierarchical Beam Selection (HBS).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a hierarchical beamformaing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the transmitter performs random beamforming to transmit M beams to the receiver (S1101).
- Each of the M beams may correspond to a reference signal.
- the beam may also be mapped to a gig-antenna port and transmitted in the form of a reference signal.
- the receiver measures M bands transmitted from the transmitter, selects at least one or more N beams, and transmits information on the selected beams to the transmitter (S1103).
- the information about the beam is the index of the selected beam (or reference signal index, antenna port index), the signal strength of the selected beam (signal strength), the channel status information of the selected beam (for example, CSI, CQI, PMI, RI, RS P, etc.) and signal quality when PMI is applied, may include at least one of the information.
- Steps S1101 and S1103 may be referred to as a first step or an initial step of the hierarchical beamforming method according to the present invention, and information fed back by the UE in the first step or the initial step may be referred to as first feedback information. -.
- the transmitter transmits the beams to the receiver in consideration of information about the N beams received in the first step received from the receiver (S1105).
- Mi beams e.g., beam angle, etc.
- the receiving end measures the beams transmitted from the transmitting end, selects at least one category, and transmits information on the selected beam to the transmitting end (S1107).
- information about the beams can include the index of the selected beam (or reference signal index, antenna port index), the signal strength of the selected band, and the channel status information of the selected beam (e.g. CSI, CQI, PMI, etc.).
- Steps S1105 and S1107 may be referred to as the second step of the hierarchical beamforming method according to the present invention.
- each of the steps after the initial step may be referred to as a repetition step, and information fed back by the terminal in the repetition step may be referred to as second feedback information.
- the receiving end from the transmitting end After measuring MU-D beams to be transmitted, at least one ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ number of beams are selected, and information on the selected beams is transmitted to the transmitting end (S1111), where hierarchical means the number of repetitions of each step.
- the depth (hierarchical depth) or step size (step size) is predetermined so that the base station and the terminal may be known to each other, the base station may inform the terminal through higher layer signaling or the like.
- Each of the steps for the hierarchical pan-forming operation described above may be set to be performed periodically.
- the beam provided by the transmitter in each step may be designed independently, and the operation of the receiver in each step may be independently performed.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically illustrating a reciprocal beamforming operation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a case in which a transmitting end transmits the crimes to the receiving end in two steps, and the receiving end selects a beam at each step and informs the transmitting end of the information.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a case in which a transmitting end transmits the crimes to the receiving end in two steps, and the receiving end selects a beam at each step and informs the transmitting end of the information.
- a receiver selects one beam and reports information on the selected beam to a transmitter, similar to a conventional beamforming technique.
- the description and the reference to the receiver 13 about the information on the selected pan to select a plurality of beam report to the transmitting end, and the other information, or the one another for each step may be reported to the transmitting end, thereto.
- the receiving end transmits information (eg, beam index and / or PMI) about N 2 beams among the beams to the transmitting end.
- PMI can be selected from an N 2 Tx codebook.
- the preferable N 2 value is 2, and it is preferable that the receiver selects the N 2 categories having the largest signal strength.
- the PMI is transmitted as information on the beam in the second step.
- the PMI may be included in the information on the ⁇ beams transmitted by the receiver in the first step.
- PMI can be selected from the Ni Tx codebook.
- the preferred value may be 2, and it is preferable that the receiver selects the two ices having the largest signal strength.
- the Ni beams selected by the receiver (first stage) or N 2 beams (second stage) are likely to have consecutive indexes. .
- the receiving end of the beam (the first step) or N 2 beam (second step) is a pan of the band i, report an index for the transmitting end to the index (e. G., Dogs or N 2 of pan Only the lowest or highest index of the indexes may be transmitted to the transmitting end.
- FIG. 14 is another diagram schematically illustrating a hierarchical beamformaing operation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the hierarchical broad-forming method according to the present invention may be applied to both downlink and uplink, and will be described below by dividing downlink and uplink for convenience of description.
- the hierarchical beamforming technique according to the present invention will be described in more detail at each step.
- the number of antennas of the base station is N and the hierarchical depth or step size is J.
- CSI-RS precoded reference signal
- Equation 2 a steering vector, such as Equation 2 below, may be used for each reference signal to generate m beam patterns.
- Equation 2 k denotes the wavelength of the transmission frequency and d denotes the distance between the antennas. "" Means the angle of the j-th step aeseo m-th beam pattern. ⁇ Are elements (element of the steering vector (steering vector) as a constant value to the normal screen (normalize) the full power of the signal sent out by the antenna Is the square of the sum of the absolute values (Euclidean norm).
- the beam width is determined by the number of antennas used to generate the beam pattern. In other words, using a larger number of antennas can produce a beam pattern having a narrower beam width.
- the same steering vector of Equations 3 to 5 can be used to provide a wider 3 ⁇ 4 width. Since the first step is a process for the base station to search for the direction toward the terminal by transmitting the beam pattern to the terminal evenly in all directions, the base station is within the cell coverage by using a beam pattern having a body _ wide You can search for the direction to all terminals belonging to.
- Equation 3 by applying a value of 0 to even-numbered antennas in the steering vector, the corresponding antennas do not transmit a signal and generate a beam pattern using only half (N / 2) of the total number of antennas.
- the angle of each beam pattern generated may be the same as the angle of each beam pattern generated by Equation 2 above, so that fewer antennas are used to create a pan pattern.
- Each beam width can be made wider by generating.
- equation (3) hast describes an example of a beam pattern generated using the half (N / 2) of the total number'll not, -, I'll not different ⁇ The number (e.
- the air 1/4 of the total number of antennas It is also possible to generate a beam pattern using a 1/8, etc.
- the interval of the antenna used for generating the beam pattern may be constant. For example, when using antennas corresponding to one quarter of the total number of antennas, antennas having four spacings can be used to generate a pan pattern.
- a steering vector may be configured as shown in Equation 4 by grouping a certain number of antennas.
- Equation 4 by applying the same value to the antenna belonging to the same group by transmitting the same signal for each group.
- the angle of each beam pattern generated may be equal to the angle of each beam pattern generated by Equation 2 above.
- Each beam width can be body-wide by generating a beam pattern using body-less antennas.
- Equation 4 an example in which two antennas belong to one group has been described. However, the number of antennas constituting one group (for example, three, four, etc.) may be different from this.
- a certain number of bum patterns may be bundled and transmitted as one reference signal.
- the steering vector when bundling two beam patterns is expressed by Equation 5 below.
- Equation 5 two different angles are combined to generate a wider beam pattern by combining a base-01 pattern, thereby providing a wider beam width.
- a beam pattern ingot with an angle of 30 degrees ⁇ since a 3 ⁇ 4 pattern with an angle of 60 degrees is combined to create a single pattern.
- the combined one beam pattern may have a beam pattern shape having an angle from an angle of 30 degrees to an angle of 60 degrees.
- the number of reference signals generated may be half of the reference signal generated in Equation 2, and each beam pattern generated by Equation 5 is represented by Equation 2 below. It can have a beam width corresponding to the two beam widths generated by.
- the terminal receiving the pan pattern from the base station feeds back the index of the beam that the terminal prefers to the base station in the beam pattern transmitted from the base station. It 1, the index of the beam reported by the terminal can be more than one. As described above, in order to calculate an index of a range preferred by the terminal, the terminal may use a received power of a reference. Signal having each 3 ⁇ 4 pattern, which can be implemented with low complexity.
- the UE may perform signal strength or other channel quality information (eg, CSI, CQI, PMI, etc.) of a reference signal corresponding to each INX together with an index of a beam. You can report.
- the terminal When reporting a plurality of beam indexes to the base station and also reporting the signal strength or channel quality information for each beam, the signal strength or channel quality information reported for each beam may be reported as an absolute value. It may be stored as a relative value (eg, relative difference value or relative ratio) between a plurality of categories.
- the terminal determines the bitmap indicating the relative ratio of the received power (received power) in the base station You can reduce the amount of information you feed back by reporting it.
- Table 6 illustrates the relative rate incidence between the categories reported to the base station, and thus the bit app. '
- Table 6 it illustrates a case in which the terminal reports two beam indexes to the base station, and illustrates the relative ratios of the received power (received power) between the two beams and the corresponding bitmap .
- Table 1 exemplifies the relative value between two beams and the corresponding bitmap.
- the table may be determined using a relative value between a larger number of beams or a larger number of bits.
- more bits eg, eight ratios may be used to subdivide even the relative values between the two beams.
- the terminal may report the PMI together with the beam index.
- PMI means an index indicating a precoding matrix that is predetermined and exists in a codebook (for example, see Table 2) known to the base station and the terminal.
- a codebook for example, see Table 2
- the UE may calculate an optimal precoding matrix using Equation 6 below and report the PMI thereof to the base station. [170] [Equation 6]
- Table 7 illustrates a codebook when the number of reference signals is two.
- the UE performs a full search on the preferred beam index and PMI using Equation (6). Report the beam index and PM1 to the base station. That is, any precoding vector ( ⁇ ) of the channel matrix (H) for all possible two beam patterns in the entire range pattern transmitted to the terminal and the precoding vector included in the codebook illustrated in Table 7 is shown. Applied to Equation 6, the optimal beam index and precoding matrix (ie, PMI) having a large channel size value can be calculated together. Alternatively, the terminal may calculate only PMI based on a preferred beam index using Equation 6 below (hereinafter, referred to as partial search). bamboo.
- Two beam patterns selected by the UE (for example, the most received power is The channel matrix (H) for two large beam patterns) and any precoding vector () among the precoding vectors included in the codebook illustrated in Table 7 are applied to Equation 6 to obtain an optimal value having the largest channel size value. Only the precoding matrix (ie, ⁇ ) can be calculated.
- the base station when ⁇ is also reported to the base station together with the preferred beam index, applies the precoding matrix according to ⁇ received from the terminal to the beam pattern transmitted in the next step.
- the steering vector applied to the next step is multiplied by the precoding matrix reported by the terminal to generate a beam pattern of the next step and transmitted to the terminal.
- the base station receiving the beam index from the terminal generates a second m 'beam patterns using the beam index fed back by the terminal in a specific manner.
- the 111 'beam angles generated in the second step may be calculated using the beam index reported by the UE in the first step. That is, the mobile station generates a beam pattern having m 'specific directions in consideration of the direction of the beam index reported in the first step. For example, if the preferred angle of the terminal is ⁇ , m 'beam angles generated in the second step has a ⁇ ⁇ Shae value. In this case, a steering vector as shown in Equation 7 below may be used for each reference signal to generate m ′ beam patterns.
- k denotes 2
- d denotes a distance between antennas.
- ⁇ "'is the angle for the m th beam pattern in step j.
- ⁇ is a constant value for normalizing the total power of the signal sent out to the antenna, the element of the steering vector ( sum of the absolute values of the elements) (Eucl idean norm).
- the steering vector in the second stage may also be used for the various steering vectors described in the first stage. That is, the steering vector, such as Equation 3 to 5 above may be reused.
- the steering vector such as Equation 3 to 5 above may be reused.
- antennas spaced at regular intervals from all the antennas may be used to generate a beam pattern
- a certain number of antennas may be grouped to generate a beam pattern.
- a certain number of beam patterns may be bundled and generated as a single beam pattern.
- the base station If there are two or more beam indexers fed back by the terminal, and the absolute information or the relative information on the signal strength for each beam is reported to the base station, the base station generates the second stage beam pattern.
- the angular value can be determined adaptively by un-equai quantization.
- 15 is a diagram illustrating a beam angle adaptation method using un-equal quant i zat ion according to the present invention.
- the beam indices reported by the UE in the first step are a2 and a3, the angular angle of a2 is, and the beam angle of a3 is.
- the base station applies equal / linear quantization 1510 to generate an angle value for generating a second beam pattern. It can be set at equal intervals. That is, the angle of the beam with the index a2 + (a3— a2) / 3 is + (zero 0/3), and the angle of the beam with the index a2 + 2 (a3 a2) / 3 is +2 ( ⁇ — ⁇ Can be set to / 3.
- the angle value for generating the beam pattern of the second stage may be determined at uneven intervals in consideration of the beam intensity. That is, the closer the beam intensity is in the first stage to the beam angle (a3 in FIG. 15), the denser the beam angle spacing (-) in the second stage is, and in the first stage the beam angle is relatively smaller. The closer to the angle (a2 in FIG. 15), the wider the beam angle spacing of the second stage (can be wider.
- the angle of the creeper of the unequal quantization 1520 is equalized to apply the unequal quantization 1520.
- a relative value e.g., relative difference value, relative ratio, etc.
- the relative value of the phase can be determined by using the ratio of the relative intensity of the beam (a2 and a3) reported by the terminal in the first step 1 (see, for example, Table 6).
- the value of the angle ( ⁇ ) is a specific value (15
- the precursor of the unequalized quantization 1520 can be determined assuming 30.
- the specific value 1530 is a relative value (e.g., a relative difference value) based on the value of the beam angle ( ⁇ ) of a2.
- the relative value of the specific value ⁇ 530) and the value of 3 ⁇ 4 angle () of a2 is the ratio of the relative intensity of 3 ⁇ 4 (a2 and a3) reported by the terminal in the first step. For example, see Table 6).
- the terminal to be the preferred beam index may not be consecutive (continuous), unlike the previous example, to itdi.
- the base station configures a pan pattern for each beam index reported by the terminal, and may divide and configure the entire beam pattern of the second step for each beam index reported by the terminal.
- the base station may individually configure the beam pattern, such as ⁇ Hf ⁇ 3 .
- the terminal receiving the beam pattern from the base station feeds back the index of the beam that the terminal prefers in the beam pattern transmitted from the base station to the base station. At this time.
- the terminal corresponds to each index-of the index of the beam
- the signal strength of the reference signal or other channel quality information eg CSI, CQI, PMI, etc.
- the type of information on the beam reported by the terminal in the second step may be different from the type of information on the beam reported by the terminal in the first step.
- step j the base station configures a beam pattern by using the feedback information reported from the terminal in step J ⁇ . .
- the information on these branches includes the number of antenna ports (or number of beams), the criteria for antenna port (or beam) selection, whether the PMKprecoding / preferred matrix index is applied, the individual signal strength of the selected antenna port (or beam), At least one of the individual signal quality of the antenna port (or beam) (eg, CQI or CSI ⁇ RS based RSRP), signal quality when PMI is applied, and RKRank indication / Index) may be included.
- the base station is equal to the feedback configuration information for all the steps before the first step (e.g., before the step S1 H in the example of FIG. 11) of the symmetric beamforming scheme (same ' feedback operation of the terminal for each step) can, and may be different itdi -) a can enjoy known to the terminal, or before in each step (for example, in the example of Figure 11 S1101, SI 105, and S1109 before step) feedback set for each step in the information It may inform the terminal. Alternatively, the terminal may be informed before the first step and before each step by dividing by setting information.
- the base station transmits at least one CSI-RS configuration information to the terminal, and each CSI-RS
- the terminal may indicate the type of feedback information to be fed back. That is, the base station selects two antenna ports (or pans) according to the first CSI-RS configuration, and feeds back corresponding signal strengths other than the corresponding antenna port index (or beam index), and the second CS1-RS.
- the base station selects two antenna ports (or pans) according to the first CSI-RS configuration, and feeds back corresponding signal strengths other than the corresponding antenna port index (or beam index), and the second CS1-RS.
- the PMI may be instructed to feed back the CQI.
- the terminal may select the PMI from the N2 Tx codebook.
- a rank refers to the number of data streams (or data layers) transmitted or received simultaneously on the same resource.
- the base station may set the terminal to configure feedback information by assuming a given rank. For example, if it is instructed to fix the tank to 1, the terminal may assume that all the selected beams or antenna ports form one data stream even if multiple] or antenna ports are selected. Alternatively, the base station may instruct the terminal to determine the feedback feedback.
- the feedback information corresponding to ranks 1 and 2 is two 3 ⁇ 4s (or antenna ports) index and ⁇ are included, but considering the characteristics of the L0S dominant environment described above, the beam (or antenna port) index and the amount of feedback information related to PM1 can be reduced as follows.
- the feedback information may be configured as (highest or lowest index + ⁇ of the selected beams (or antenna ports)), and in the case of rank 2, in the first step
- the feedback information can be configured such as the index of the selected beam (or antenna port) + the inx of the selected beam (or antenna port) in the second step.
- the number of antenna ports (or beams) selected from the content indicated by the base station may be replaced with the maximum number of antenna ports (or beams) selectable by the terminal.
- the codebook consists of Mxl vectors, and the gig-vector can have from 1 (or 2) to M years—non-zero elements.
- the base station has been selected up to three antenna port (or i-beam) and, if instructed to apply the PMI, a codebook of Equation (8) or Equation (9) below - may be configured as, PMI is in such a code book Can be chosen.
- the base station sets the terminal to 8 Tx CSI-RS. And direct the feedback by selecting one, two or three antenna ports (or beams) out of the eight CSI-RS antenna ports (or beams).
- the terminal As a criterion used by the terminal to select an antenna port (or beam). Only select antenna ports (or beams) whose signal quality is above the first threshold—only antenna ports (or beams) whose relative magnitudes are above the second threshold relative to the maximum signal quality.
- the UE may feedback the result of sorting according to the signal quality.
- the base station has instructed the terminal to apply the PMI, it is possible to feed back the index by selecting a precoding vector from a codebook consisting of precoding vectors for 2 Tx and 3 Tx.
- the codebook consists of vectors having dimensions corresponding to the number of antenna ports (or beams) that the terminal can select. That is, if the base station instructs the terminal to select one, two, or three antenna ports (or beams) as described above, the terminal selects one vector from the codebook consisting of 2x1, 3x1 vectordols and assigns the heading index to the base station. Feedback to.
- the index consists of cen (log2 (N 2 + N 3 )) bits. here .
- Cei Kx means the smallest natural number of numbers greater than ⁇ .
- the codebook may be configured as Equation 8 or Equation 9 below. In Equations 10 and 11, ⁇ is a constant.
- the base station may perform maximum ratio combining (MRC) using a reference signal transmitted by the terminal. Therefore, unlike downlink, in an FDD system, uplink may be operated without reference signal overhead or feedback overhead.
- MRC maximum ratio combining
- the terminal is configured to have a large number of antennas such as a vehicle, banner, or building, the channel estimation must be performed for each antenna of the terminal by the reference signal overhead transmitted by the terminal and the base station. This increases the complexity. Therefore, in this case, the proposed hierarchical beamforming technique can be applied to the uplink.
- the parameters to be transmitted to the UE in order to operate the uplink hierarchical beamforming scheme are as follows.
- a transmitting end may correspond to a terminal and a receiving end may correspond to a base station.
- the parameters for the uplink hierarchical beamforming scheme are classified for each parameter before the first step (for example, before step S1101 in the example of FIG. 11) and before each step (for example, FIG. 11).
- the base station ie, the receiving end
- the terminal ie, the transmitting end.
- the base station may use a method semi-static control channel (eg, RRC signaling) or a dynamic control channel (eg, PDCCH) to indicate a parameter to the terminal.
- RRC signaling e.g., RRC signaling
- PDCCH dynamic control channel
- these parameters may be delivered to the terminal using RRC signaling and PDCCH together. That is, since the size of the step and the number of beam patterns are related to the hardware performance of the UE, it is indicated by ra signaling, and the angular value (), pan-index, and PMI, which can be changed instantaneously, can be indicated through the PDCCH.
- the downlink control information (DCI) format of the PDCCH is configured with a new DCI format different from the existing one, and is transmitted through a UE-search space (USS) or these parameters are added to the existing DCI format. You can also send in addition. Since the UE knows that the indication information is transmitted, if the transmission information is transmitted through the USS, such a parameter may be acquired without increasing the number of blind decoding times for acquiring the DCI format.
- DCI downlink control information
- USS UE-search space
- the UE When the present invention is applied to the LTE-A system, an example in which the UE performs a hierarchical beamforming operation using a sounding reference signal (SRS) will be described.
- SRS sounding reference signal
- the UE may first inform the base station that there is a capability to operate the hierarchical panforming. Subsequently, the base station may designate two types of SRS to the terminal. Based on the first SRS configuration and the second SRS configuration, the SRS transmitted by the UE is generated by applying different weights to the M antennas.
- SRS sounding reference signal
- ⁇ And ⁇ are the kth SRS antennas transmitted according to the first and second SRS settings, respectively
- I mean a weight vector of size MX 1 used for the port (or beam). That is, the base station receiving the SRS transmitted by the terminal according to the first SRS configuration transmits the measurement result to the terminal and the terminal based on this information the weight of the SRS antenna port (or beam) based on the second SRS configuration Determine and transmit the SRS.
- the terminal may know a set ⁇ of weight vectors to be used for the SRS to be transmitted according to the first SRS configuration and a set of weight vectors to be used for the SRS to be transmitted according to the second SRS configuration ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ' ⁇ ' ⁇ /.
- the base station measures the SRS transmitted by the terminal according to the first SRS configuration and informs the terminal that the SRS antenna port (or beam) having the best signal quality is # ⁇ (absolute or relative antenna port (or beam) index).
- the UE uses the two ⁇ weight vector of the SRS transmit SRS according to the second set i. It is preferable that the base station dynamically informs the UE of the measurement result of the first SRS configuration based SRS through the DCI.
- the DCI may include one or more SRS antenna port (or beam) indexes. Alternatively, you can include a bitmap of the same size as the number of antenna ports (or beams) in the first SRS setup.
- the UE determines the weight vector of the SRS to be transmitted by the second SRS configuration based on the SRS antenna port (or beam) expressed as '1' in the SRS antenna port (or beam) index or bitmap.
- the base station may inform the user equipment of a precoding vector to be applied between the antenna port (or beam) and / or antenna port (or beam) to be used for uplink.
- the base station measures four SRS antenna ports (or beams) transmitted by the terminal according to the second SRS configuration, and then the DCI format (for example, DCI format 0 or 4) used for PUSCH scheduling.
- the base station may include any one of the precoding vector index belonging to the codebook as shown in Equation 12 below.
- This codebook should be known to both the base station and the terminal. if. If one precoding vector index belonging to the codebook is included in the DCI format, additional information about the antenna port (or pan) index may not be included in the DCI format.
- the example codebook above consists of precoding vectors with 1, 2 and 4 non-zero elements. Vectors belonging to these codebooks may each be multiplied by a specific constant value.
- the switched beamforming refers to conventional beam forming (convent ional BF). That is, as described above, the step for pan-forming is composed of only one step.
- the base station When the base station generates a total of M beam patterns, the terminal reports only one beam pattern to the base station, and the base station reports the terminal. Generating a beam pattern having an angle corresponding to the beam pattern index;
- HBF it is assumed that two stages and 16 beam patterns are generated using 64 antennas.
- the vertical axis represents capacity and the number of transmissions per time / hertz (Hz). The number of bits that are present.
- the horizontal axis is. The higher the value, the better.
- the horizontal axis represents the signal noise ratio (SNR).
- Figure 16 illustrates a graph showing the simulation results of applying the hierarchical broad-forming method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16 when the HBF assumes the same expected capacity as the CBF as the simulation result in the L0S environment, a performance gain of about 2 to 8 dB is shown. Or it shows about 0.5-2bit / s / Hz gain in the same SNR environment (-5 ⁇ 20dB). 17 illustrates a graph showing different simulation results using the hierarchical beamforming technique according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 illustrates a graph showing another simulation result of applying the hierarchical beamforming technique according to the present invention. .
- FIG. 18 a simulation result of assuming a low in-tenar correlation (assuming that the correlation between antennas is 0 is zero) in a non-LOS environment. For example, if the antenna correlation is low, the independence of each channel to perform spatial multiplexing is guaranteed, so if the rank is 2, if the tank is 1, the body-performance is superior. rather the shape is not generated correctly, both the bimgoe produced in the first step the resulting beam in the second step ⁇ relevance lump is a subset (subset) this concept falling phenomenon occurs, so degradation than the performance of HBF CBF as it is shown in Figure 18 What happens is that.
- FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a wireless communication system includes a base station 190 and a plurality of terminals 200 located in a base station 190 area.
- the base station 190 includes a processor 191, a memory 192, and an RF unit 193.
- the processor 191 implements the proposed function, process and / or method. Layers of the air interface protocol may be implemented by the processor 191.
- the memory 192 is connected to the processor 191 and stores various information for driving the processor 191.
- the RF unit 193 is connected to the processor 191 to transmit and / or receive radio signals.
- the terminal 200 is a processor 201. ⁇ including memory 202 and RF section 202.
- Processor 201 implements the proposed functions, processes, and / or methods. Tradeoffs in the air interface protocol can be implemented by the processor 201.
- the memory 202 is connected to the processor 201 and stores various information for driving the processor 201.
- the RF unit 203 is connected with the processor 201 to transmit and / or receive a radio signal.
- the memories 192 and 202 may be inside or outside the processors 191 and 201, and may be connected to the processors 191 and 201 by various well-known means.
- the base station 190 and / or the terminal 200 may have a single antenna (multiple antenna) or multiple antenna (multiple antenna).
- each component or feature is to be considered optional unless stated otherwise.
- Each component or feature may be embodied in a form that is not combined with other components or features. It is also possible to combine some of the components and / or features to form an embodiment of the invention.
- the order of operations described in the room exemplary embodiment of the present invention i itdi to change. Some configurations or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding configurations or features of the other embodiments. It is obvious that the claims may be combined to form an embodiment by combining claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the claims or as new claims by post-application correction.
- an embodiment according to the present invention may be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
- an embodiment of the present invention may include one or more applicat ion specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPs), and rogrammables (PLDs). logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and so on.
- ASICs applicat ion specific integrated circuits
- DSPs digital signal processors
- DSPs digital signal processing devices
- PLDs rogrammables
- logic devices include FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and so on.
- an embodiment of the present invention is a module for performing the functions or operations described above. Can be implemented in the form of an incidence, function, etc.
- Software code can be stored in memory and driven by the processor have.
- the memory may be located inside or outside the processor to exchange data with the processor by a variety of known means.
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Abstract
Description
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KR1020147025327A KR101655924B1 (ko) | 2012-03-07 | 2013-03-07 | 무선 접속 시스템에서 계층적 빔 포밍 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 |
US14/382,517 US9184806B2 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2013-03-07 | Method for performing hierarchical beamforming in wireless access system and device therefor |
US14/865,654 US9362997B2 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2015-09-25 | Method for performing hierarchical beamforming in wireless access system and device therefor |
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US201261607594P | 2012-03-07 | 2012-03-07 | |
US61/607,594 | 2012-03-07 | ||
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US201261621979P | 2012-04-09 | 2012-04-09 | |
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US14/865,654 Continuation US9362997B2 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2015-09-25 | Method for performing hierarchical beamforming in wireless access system and device therefor |
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Also Published As
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US20160013847A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
US9362997B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 |
KR101655924B1 (ko) | 2016-09-08 |
US9184806B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
KR20140129147A (ko) | 2014-11-06 |
US20150049824A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
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