WO2013133265A1 - Dispositif d'équilibrage de cellule - Google Patents

Dispositif d'équilibrage de cellule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013133265A1
WO2013133265A1 PCT/JP2013/055975 JP2013055975W WO2013133265A1 WO 2013133265 A1 WO2013133265 A1 WO 2013133265A1 JP 2013055975 W JP2013055975 W JP 2013055975W WO 2013133265 A1 WO2013133265 A1 WO 2013133265A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
block
voltage
block voltage
value
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Application number
PCT/JP2013/055975
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
慎司 広瀬
守 倉石
正彰 鈴木
Original Assignee
株式会社豊田自動織機
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Application filed by 株式会社豊田自動織機 filed Critical 株式会社豊田自動織機
Publication of WO2013133265A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013133265A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cell balance device that equalizes the voltages of a plurality of battery cells constituting an assembled battery, and more particularly to an active cell balance device that transfers power between battery cells via a transformer.
  • a battery block configured by connecting a plurality of battery cells such as lithium ion batteries mounted in a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle in series is an assembled battery in which a plurality of battery blocks are connected in series in order to obtain a high voltage. in use.
  • each block voltage When the voltage of each battery block constituting such an assembled battery (hereinafter referred to as a block voltage) varies, the deterioration of each battery cell constituting the battery block progresses at an accelerated rate or can be obtained from the battery block. The amount of energy is reduced. Therefore, it is desirable that each block voltage is equal.
  • variations in the block voltages may occur due to non-uniform capacity, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, etc. of each battery block. Therefore, conventionally, it has been proposed to eliminate variations in the block voltages by using a cell balance device which is a device for equalizing the block voltages.
  • a switch and a resistor are connected to each battery block constituting the assembled battery, and when there is a battery block with a high block voltage in each battery block, A passive system that equalizes the voltage of each battery block by discharging the battery block is used.
  • the conventional active type cell balance device has a configuration in which one battery block is connected to each tap of the transformer, the number of taps increases as the number of battery blocks in series increases. As a result, the active type cell balance device has a problem that the variation in characteristics between taps increases as the number of battery blocks increases.
  • an object of the present invention is to suppress variation in characteristics between taps due to an increase in the number of battery cells included in an assembled battery in an active cell balance device.
  • a cell balance device of the present invention is a cell balance device that equalizes each cell voltage of a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series, and is connected in series to each other and in parallel to the battery pack.
  • a plurality of primary coils, a plurality of secondary coils connected in parallel to each battery cell, and a switching circuit connected in series with the plurality of primary coils, the plurality of primary coils comprising:
  • Each of the plurality of battery cells is transformer-coupled to a plurality of secondary coils connected to at least two of the battery cells.
  • the active cell balance device in the active cell balance device, it is possible to suppress variations in characteristics between taps due to an increase in the number of battery cells included in the assembled battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a cell balance device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cell balance device of Embodiment 1 of the present invention that equalizes each block voltage of a battery pack in which 2n battery blocks 11a, 11b to 1na, and 1nb are connected in series includes, for example, 2n secondary coils 21a, 21b to 2na, 2nb, 2n rectifier circuits 31a, 31b to 3na, 3nb, 2n voltmeters 41a, 41b to 4na, 4nb, n primary coils 51 to 5n, and one switching
  • the circuit 6 includes n cores 71 to 7n, a control unit 8, and a storage unit 9.
  • the cell balance device includes two secondary coils, one primary coil, and one core that are transformer-coupled to each other from the above configurations.
  • the transformer coupling circuits 101 to 10n are configured.
  • a set of battery blocks connected to each transformer coupling circuit will be referred to as battery stacks 201 to 20n, respectively.
  • n is an integer of 2 or more. 2n is the number obtained by multiplying 2 by n.
  • Each of the battery blocks 11a, 11b to 1na, and 1nb has a configuration in which a plurality of battery cells including storage batteries such as lithium ion batteries, lead batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, and nickel hydride batteries are connected in series. And each battery block comprises an assembled battery by mutually connecting in series.
  • the power line PL1 and the ground line NL1 connected to the assembled battery are connected to a load such as an inverter circuit for driving a motor via a terminal A and a terminal A ′, respectively.
  • the assembled battery is used in the state electrically insulated from the vehicle body.
  • Each battery block may be replaced with one battery cell.
  • the secondary coils 21a, 21b to 2na, 2nb have a configuration in which an electric wire such as a copper wire is wound, for example.
  • Each secondary coil is connected in parallel to one different battery block.
  • each secondary coil supplies the battery block with an induced current generated by electromagnetic induction when the current flowing through the transformer-coupled primary coil changes.
  • the number of turns of each secondary coil and the number of turns of the primary coil connected to each secondary coil are set so as to obtain an induced voltage suitable for charging the battery block to be connected.
  • an induced voltage having an amplitude of the block voltage average value which is an average value of the block voltage values (hereinafter referred to as block voltage values) calculated by the following formula (1), is supplied to each battery block. be able to.
  • Block voltage average value total of each block voltage value constituting the assembled battery / 2n (1)
  • the coupling coefficient between each primary coil and each secondary coil is 1, and there is no loss other than leakage flux. In the following description, the same conditions are assumed unless otherwise specified.
  • the rectifier circuits 31a, 31b to 3na, 3nb are composed of semiconductor elements such as diodes, for example.
  • the diodes of each rectifier circuit are connected in series between the positive side of each battery block and each secondary coil so that the direction of current flow from the secondary coil to the positive side of the battery block is the forward direction. It is connected. Thereby, each rectifier circuit rectifies the induced current generated in each secondary coil and supplies the current to each battery block.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example in which each rectifier circuit is composed of one diode, a known rectifier circuit to which a smoothing capacitor or the like is added may be used. When a smoothing capacitor is added, each battery block and the smoothing capacitor are connected in parallel.
  • each voltmeter 41a, 41b to 4na, 4nb known voltmeters can be adopted. Each voltmeter is connected in parallel to each battery block. Thereby, each voltmeter measures the block voltage of each battery block connected thereto, and outputs the obtained block voltage value to the control unit 8.
  • the primary coils 51 to 5n are configured by winding an electric wire such as a copper wire, for example. And each primary coil is mutually connected in series.
  • the primary coils 51 to 5n connected in series with each other are connected in parallel with the assembled battery and connected in series with the switching circuit 6.
  • the switching circuit 6 can employ a switching element such as an electromagnetic relay, for example.
  • the switching circuit 6 performs an on / off operation (hereinafter referred to as switching) as needed under the control of the control unit 8.
  • switching an on / off operation
  • the switching cycle of the switching circuit 6 may be appropriately selected as a cycle in which the power transmission efficiency is increased according to the characteristics of each secondary coil, each primary coil, and each core.
  • each core for example, a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material such as iron or ferrite can be used.
  • a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material such as iron or ferrite can be used.
  • two secondary coils in the secondary coils 21a, 21b to 2na, and 2nb and one primary coil in the primary coils 51 to 5n are wound. .
  • each core is increasing the coupling coefficient of the wound secondary coil and the primary coil.
  • the cores 71 to 7n may be omitted.
  • control unit 8 for example, a computer equipped with a memory as a work space such as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) can be employed. And the control part 8 performs control which switches the switching circuit 6, if each block voltage measured with each voltmeter varies. This control will be described in detail in the description of the operation using the flowchart of the cell balance control in FIG. In addition to the above control, the control unit 8 may perform overall control related to the assembled battery, such as charging control of the assembled battery, output control of the assembled battery, and abnormality detection of each battery block.
  • ECU Electronic Control Unit
  • the variation regulation value is a value defined by the user so that the control unit 8 can determine whether or not each block voltage varies.
  • An example is shown below, but the variation regulation value is not limited to the following regulation method.
  • the battery block having the maximum block voltage value (hereinafter referred to as the block voltage maximum value) among the battery blocks 11a, 11b to 1na, 1nb constituting the assembled battery, and the minimum block voltage value
  • a variation regulation value defined as a difference in the block voltage value (hereinafter referred to as a first block voltage difference) with the battery block (hereinafter referred to as a minimum block voltage value).
  • Specified variation value ⁇ 1st block voltage difference (3) As another example of the prescribed variation value, the absolute value of the difference between the block voltage average value, the block voltage maximum value, and the block voltage minimum value (hereinafter referred to as the second block voltage difference and the third block voltage difference, respectively). There is a prescribed variation value.
  • the control unit 8 acquires each block voltage value from each voltmeter. And the control part 8 substitutes each acquired block voltage value for Formula (1), and calculates a block voltage average value. Further, the control unit 8 extracts a block voltage maximum value and a block voltage minimum value from the acquired block voltage values. Further, the control unit 8 calculates the second block voltage difference by substituting the calculated block voltage average value and the extracted block voltage maximum value into the following equation (4). Further, the control unit 8 calculates the third block voltage difference by substituting the calculated block voltage average value and the extracted block voltage minimum value into the following equation (5).
  • Block voltage maximum value-block voltage average value second block voltage difference (4)
  • Block voltage average value-block voltage minimum value third block voltage difference (5)
  • the control unit 8 compares the second block voltage difference and the third block voltage difference obtained by the equations (4) and (5) with the variation specified values, respectively.
  • the control unit 8 determines that each block voltage varies when at least one of the second block voltage difference and the third block voltage difference is greater than or equal to the variation regulation value. This determination is performed by using the following equations (6) and (7) in the control unit 8.
  • Variation specified value ⁇ second block voltage difference (6) Specified variation value ⁇ Third block voltage difference (7) In the above, an example of two determination methods for determining the variation of each block voltage and two specified variation values used for each block voltage is shown. Further, the present invention is not limited to this, and when using another conceivable method for determining the variation of each block voltage, a prescribed variation value suitable for the determination method may be appropriately defined.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of cell balance control according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control unit 8 acquires the block voltage values of the battery blocks 11a, 11b to 1na, 1nb constituting the assembled battery (S201). Specifically, a periodic timing is obtained by counting a signal input by pressing an input unit such as a button type (not shown), a signal input by turning on an ignition key, and an ECU clock. A control start signal for performing cell balance control is input to the control unit 8 using the signal repeatedly input in step 1 as a trigger. Then, the control unit 8 recognizes that cell balance control is started when a control start signal is input, and outputs a block voltage value request signal to each voltmeter. Each voltmeter outputs the measured block voltage value to the control unit 8 when the block voltage value request signal is input. Thereby, the control part 8 acquires a block voltage value from each voltmeter.
  • the trigger for performing cell balance control is preferably set so as to be generated at an appropriate timing.
  • control unit 8 determines whether or not the block voltage value varies by comparing each acquired block voltage with a variation regulation value (S202).
  • control unit 8 When determining that the block voltage does not vary (No in S202), the control unit 8 outputs a stop signal for stopping the switching circuit 6 to the switching circuit 6.
  • the switching circuit 6 stops switching (S204) and ends the cell balance control.
  • S204 when the switching circuit 6 is stopped, the switching circuit 6 is kept stopped.
  • control unit 8 when it is determined that the block voltages vary (Yes in S202), the control unit 8 outputs a switching signal for switching the switching circuit 6 to the switching circuit 6.
  • the switching circuit 6 starts switching (S203). If the switching circuit 6 has already been switched, the switching is continued as it is. Then, the process returns to S201.
  • each secondary coil has the same number of turns
  • each primary coil has the same number of turns
  • the switching cycle of the switching circuit 6 is adjusted as appropriate, and the sum of the amplitudes of the induced voltages of the primary coils (hereinafter referred to as the first induced voltage value) It shall be equal to the voltage value (the sum of the block voltage values of 2n battery blocks).
  • the voltage value is obtained by dividing the first induced voltage by 2. That is, as is clear from the equations (8) and (9), the second induced voltage value is a block voltage average value.
  • each battery block discharges power from the power line PL1 side while the switching circuit 6 is switching.
  • the battery block more than a block voltage average value is performing only discharge of electric power, the electric power discharged from an assembled battery is distributed with the battery block below a voltage average value. Therefore, the charge / discharge amount of the battery block less than the voltage average value is larger in the charge amount. Therefore, as a result, electric power is supplied to the battery block below the voltage average value, and the block voltage increases.
  • each block voltage is automatically equalized.
  • separate transformer coupling circuits are connected to the battery stacks 201 to 20n. This suppresses an increase in the number of coils wound around one transformer. Therefore, an increase in the number of taps included in one transformer can be suppressed, and variations in characteristics between taps can be suppressed. Furthermore, when increasing or decreasing the number of battery blocks in series, it is only necessary to increase or decrease the number of series of transformer coupling circuits without changing the transformer in the cell balance device.
  • the cell balance device has a configuration in which each block voltage can be equalized only by switching the switching circuit 6.
  • each block voltage can be equalized only by controlling one switching circuit, so that the control of the switching circuit can be simplified.
  • the number of switching circuits required for the cell balance device is only one regardless of the number of battery blocks, the cost can be suppressed.
  • each transformer coupling circuit has been described as having two secondary coils, one primary coil, and one core. Not limited. The number of each may be changed as appropriate within the range in which the object of Embodiment 1 of the present invention can be achieved.
  • Embodiment 1 of this invention when each battery block which comprises an assembled battery is replaced with one battery cell, the cell voltage which is the voltage of a battery cell can be equalized.
  • Embodiment 2 an active cell balance apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the cell balance device described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention is assumed to be an active method.
  • FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a cell balance device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
  • the cell balance device includes a system power supply 30, a charging device 40, and changeover switches 50a and 50b in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. It is a configuration.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention can charge the assembled battery while controlling the cell balance of each battery block by the electric power supplied from the system power supply 30.
  • the charging device 40 includes an AC / DC converter and a DC / DC converter. Charging device 40 is connected to system power supply 30 via power line PL2 and ground line NL2. Charging device 40 is connected to changeover switch 50a via power line PL3. Furthermore, the charging device 40 is connected to the changeover switch 50b via the ground line NL3. As described above, when the changeover switch 50a is connected to the power line PL3 and the changeover switch 50b is connected to the ground line NL3, a direct current is supplied to the primary coils 51 to 5n connected in series.
  • a switch element such as an electromagnetic relay can be employed as the changeover switch 50a.
  • the changeover switch 50a is connected to a terminal B which is a connection terminal to the outside of the primary coils 51 to 5n connected in series with each other, and the connection destination can be switched between the power line PL1 and the power line PL3.
  • a switching signal for switching the connection destinations of primary coils 51 to 5n connected in series with each other is input from control unit 8, the connection destination of terminal B is switched between power line PL1 and power line PL3.
  • a switch element such as an electromagnetic relay can be employed as the changeover switch 50b.
  • the changeover switch 50b is connected to a terminal B ′ that is a connection terminal of the primary coils 51 to 5n connected in series with each other, and the connection destination is switched between the ground line NL1 and the ground line NL3. It is configured to be possible.
  • the connection destination of the terminal B ′ is set between the ground line NL1 and the installation line NL3. Switch with.
  • the changeover switch 50a when the changeover switch 50a is connected to the power line PL1 under the control of the control unit 8, the changeover switch 50b is connected to the ground line NL1. Further, when the changeover switch 50a is connected to the power line PL3 under the control of the control unit 8, the changeover switch 50b is connected to the ground line NL3. In this way, the changeover switch 50a and the changeover switch 50b are switched in synchronization under the control of the control unit 8.
  • the changeover switches 50a and 50b are connected to the control unit 8 in order to charge the assembled battery when the charging device 40 is connected to the system power supply 30.
  • the connection destination can be switched to the power line PL3 and the ground line NL3, respectively.
  • the charging device 40 is controlled by the control unit 8 to convert the alternating current of the system power supply 30 into a direct current and supply it to the primary coils 51 to 5n. Thereafter, the control unit 8 switches the switching circuit 6.
  • each transformer coupling circuit an induced current is generated from each primary coil to each secondary coil by electromagnetic induction.
  • each battery block which comprises an assembled battery can be charged with the induced current. That is, the cell balance device according to the second embodiment of the present invention can equalize each block voltage while charging the assembled battery using the power from the system power supply 30.
  • the voltage supplied from the system power supply 30 to the primary coils 51 to 5n connected in series via the charging device 40 and the switching cycle of the switching circuit may be appropriately adjusted by the control unit 8. .
  • the control unit 8 when each of the induced voltages and induced currents generated in the secondary coils 21a, 21b to 2na, 2nb is adjusted by the control unit 8 so as to have a magnitude suitable for charging each battery block. good.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un dispositif d'équilibrage de cellule de type actif, une pluralité de bobines primaires qui sont mutuellement connectées en série sont connectées en parallèle à une batterie assemblée. En outre, une bobine secondaire est connectée en parallèle à chaque cellule de batterie formant la batterie assemblée. En outre, un circuit de commutation est connecté en série à la pluralité de bobines principales. Ensuite, les multiples bobines primaires sont couplées par transformateur avec les multiples bobines secondaires qui sont connectées à au moins deux cellules de batterie des multiples cellules de batterie respectives.
PCT/JP2013/055975 2012-03-06 2013-03-05 Dispositif d'équilibrage de cellule WO2013133265A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012048808A JP2013187930A (ja) 2012-03-06 2012-03-06 セルバランス装置
JP2012-048808 2012-03-06

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013133265A1 true WO2013133265A1 (fr) 2013-09-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9742205B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2017-08-22 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Storage status adjusting circuit, storage status adjusting device, and storage battery pack

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118696240A (zh) * 2022-03-17 2024-09-24 松下知识产权经营株式会社 电池状态分析系统、电池状态分析方法、及电池状态分析程序

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007012407A (ja) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-18 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd 蓄電素子の電圧均等化装置
JP2010288447A (ja) * 2009-05-22 2010-12-24 Intersil Americas Inc セルバランス充電システム及び方法
JP2011101572A (ja) * 2009-11-05 2011-05-19 O2 Micro Inc セルバランス機能を備えた充電システム

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007012407A (ja) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-18 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd 蓄電素子の電圧均等化装置
JP2010288447A (ja) * 2009-05-22 2010-12-24 Intersil Americas Inc セルバランス充電システム及び方法
JP2011101572A (ja) * 2009-11-05 2011-05-19 O2 Micro Inc セルバランス機能を備えた充電システム

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9742205B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2017-08-22 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Storage status adjusting circuit, storage status adjusting device, and storage battery pack

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