WO2013132988A1 - 放電ギャップ充填用組成物および静電放電保護体 - Google Patents
放電ギャップ充填用組成物および静電放電保護体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013132988A1 WO2013132988A1 PCT/JP2013/053628 JP2013053628W WO2013132988A1 WO 2013132988 A1 WO2013132988 A1 WO 2013132988A1 JP 2013053628 W JP2013053628 W JP 2013053628W WO 2013132988 A1 WO2013132988 A1 WO 2013132988A1
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- discharge gap
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0213—Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
- H05K1/0254—High voltage adaptations; Electrical insulation details; Overvoltage or electrostatic discharge protection ; Arrangements for regulating voltages or for using plural voltages
- H05K1/0257—Overvoltage protection
- H05K1/0259—Electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
- H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
- H05K1/095—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks for polymer thick films, i.e. having a permanent organic polymeric binder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition for filling a discharge gap and an electrostatic discharge protector, and more specifically, an electrostatic discharge protector that has excellent operability during discharge and can be reduced in size and cost, and the electrostatic discharge
- the present invention relates to a discharge gap filling composition used for a protector.
- ESD electro-static discharge
- ESD is one of the destructive and inevitable phenomena that electrical systems and integrated circuits are exposed to. From an electrical point of view, ESD is a transient high current phenomenon in which a high current with a peak current of several amperes lasts from 10 nsec to 300 nsec. Therefore, when ESD occurs, if a current of almost several amperes is not conducted outside the integrated circuit within tens of nanoseconds, the integrated circuit may be damaged by repair or malfunction or deterioration and function normally. No longer.
- an electrostatic discharge protection element that protects an IC or the like in a circuit from ESD
- an element having a bulk structure made of a sintered body such as a metal oxide
- This element is a laminated chip varistor made of a sintered body, and includes a laminated body and a pair of external electrodes.
- a varistor has a property that when an applied voltage reaches a certain value or more, a current that has not flowed until then suddenly flows out, and has an excellent deterrent against electrostatic discharge.
- the multilayer chip varistor which is a sintered body, cannot avoid a complicated manufacturing process consisting of sheet molding, internal electrode printing, sheet lamination and the like, and problems such as delamination are likely to occur during the mounting process. There was a problem.
- discharge-type elements there are other discharge-type elements as electrostatic discharge protection elements that protect ICs in the circuit from ESD.
- Discharge-type devices have the advantages that they have a small leakage current, are simple in principle, and are less likely to fail. Further, the discharge voltage can be adjusted by the width of the discharge gap. In the case of a sealing structure, the width of the discharge gap is determined according to the gas pressure and the gas type.
- a commercially available discharge-type element there is one in which a cylindrical ceramic surface conductor film is formed, a discharge gap is provided in the film with a laser or the like, and this is glass sealed. Although this commercially available glass-sealed discharge-type element has excellent electrostatic discharge protection characteristics, its form is complicated, so there is a limit in terms of size as a small surface-mount element, and There was a problem that it was difficult to reduce the cost.
- Patent Documents 2 to 4 a method is disclosed in which a discharge gap is formed directly on the wiring and the discharge voltage is adjusted according to the width of the discharge gap (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 to 4).
- Patent Document 2 exemplifies that the width of the discharge gap is 4 mm
- Patent Document 3 exemplifies that the width of the discharge gap is 0.15 mm.
- a discharge gap of 5 to 60 ⁇ m is preferable for protecting normal electronic elements, and a discharge gap of 1 to 30 ⁇ m is required for protecting ICs and LSIs sensitive to electrostatic discharge. It is disclosed that it can be increased to about 150 ⁇ m for an application where only a large pulse voltage portion needs to be removed.
- a high insulation resistance is required at a normal operating voltage, for example, generally less than DC 10 V, so that a voltage-resistant insulating member is discharged from an electrode pair. It is effective to provide the gap. If a normal resist is directly filled in the discharge gap as an insulating member in order to protect the discharge gap, the discharge voltage is significantly increased, which is not practical. When normal resists are filled in an extremely narrow discharge gap of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m or less, the discharge voltage can be lowered, but the filled resists are slightly degraded and the insulation resistance is lowered. In some cases, there is a problem of conduction.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a protective element in which a discharge gap of 10 to 50 ⁇ m is provided on an insulating substrate, and a functional film containing ZnO as a main component and silicon carbide is provided between a pair of electrode patterns whose ends face each other. ing.
- This protective element has a simple configuration as compared with the multilayer chip varistor, and has an advantage that it can be manufactured as a thick film element on the substrate.
- ESD countermeasure elements are intended to reduce the mounting area in accordance with the evolution of electronic equipment, the form is only an element, so it is necessary to mount them on a wiring board by solder or the like. For this reason, in electronic devices, the degree of freedom in design is small, and there is a limit to downsizing including the height.
- the resin composition here includes a base material made of a mixture of insulating binders, conductive particles having an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m, and semiconductor particles having an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m.
- an ESD protection material a composition material in which a mixture of conductive and semiconductor particles whose surface is coated with an insulating oxide film is bound by an insulating binder, a composition material in which a particle diameter range is defined, a conductive material
- interval between the active particles were disclosed (for example, refer patent document 7).
- compositions are not suitable for the purpose of protecting an integrated circuit having a low resistance because of the high operating voltage during discharge.
- the operability is lowered.
- the voltage resistance is low.
- JP-A-2005-353845 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-89588 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-67851 JP-A-10-27668 JP 2007-266479 A JP-T-2001-523040 U.S. Pat. No. 4,726,991 International Publication No. 2010/147095
- the present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and can easily take ESD countermeasures in a free shape for electronic devices such as electronic circuit boards of various designs, and , Providing an electrostatic discharge protector that is excellent in operability during discharge even in a wide discharge gap, and that can be reduced in size and cost, and that can be used in the manufacture of such an electrostatic discharge protector
- An object is to provide a gap filling composition.
- the present invention relates to the following [1] to [19], for example.
- [1] including metal powder (A1), aluminum powder (A2) and binder component (B),
- the metal powder (A1) is such that at least a part of the surface of the primary metal particles is coated with a film made of a hydrolysis product of a metal alkoxide
- the composition for filling a discharge gap, wherein the aluminum powder (A2) is such that the surface of primary aluminum particles is not coated with a film made of a hydrolysis product of a metal alkoxide.
- the discharge gap filling composition according to [1] wherein the shape of the primary particles of the metal of the metal powder (A1) and the shape of the primary particles of the aluminum powder (A2) are both flakes. object.
- the metal primary particle (A1) has a primary particle average particle diameter of 1 to 15 ⁇ m, and the aluminum powder (A2) primary particle average particle diameter of 5 to 70 ⁇ m [1] ] Or the discharge gap filling composition according to [2].
- the metal element of the metal powder (A1) is at least one selected from manganese, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, magnesium, titanium, or aluminum.
- [5] The discharge gap filling composition according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the metal element of the metal powder (A1) is aluminum.
- the mass ratio of the metal powder (A1) and the aluminum powder (A2) in the composition for filling a discharge gap is 98: 2 to 20:80, any one of [1] to [5] A composition for filling a discharge gap.
- the discharge gap filling composition according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the metal alkoxide is represented by the following general formula (1).
- M is a metal atom
- O is an oxygen atom
- R is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- n is an integer of 1 to 40.
- An electrostatic discharge protector having at least two electrodes and a discharge gap between the two electrodes, An electrostatic discharge protector comprising a discharge gap filling member formed by filling the discharge gap with the discharge gap filling composition according to any one of [1] to [12].
- An electronic circuit board having the electrostatic discharge protector according to any one of [13] to [15].
- a flexible electronic circuit board having the electrostatic discharge protector according to any one of [13] to [15].
- composition for filling a discharge gap of the present invention By using the composition for filling a discharge gap of the present invention, it is possible to produce a small electrostatic discharge protector having excellent operability during discharge even when used for a wide discharge gap at a low cost. Discharge protection can be realized.
- the operating voltage can be adjusted by setting the width of the discharge gap to a specific interval. Therefore, the electrostatic discharge protector having excellent adjustment accuracy of the operating voltage. Can be obtained.
- the resistance value decreases during electrostatic discharge, and the insulation can be restored after the voltage is released. Therefore, it is not necessary to process the discharge gap that is provided with a discharge gap filling member obtained by curing the discharge gap filling composition, and a space for soldering a varistor element or the like, for example, 0.5 mm. Alternatively, it can be applied to a discharge gap of 1.0 mm.
- the electrostatic discharge protector according to the present invention forms a discharge gap according to a required operating voltage between necessary electrodes, and fills the discharge gap with the composition for filling the discharge gap to solidify or cure. By a method, it can form in a free shape and simply. For this reason, the electrostatic discharge protector according to the present invention is applied to an IC chip mounting substrate incorporated in a digital device such as a mobile phone or a mobile device which is often touched by human hands and easily accumulates static electricity. More specifically, it can be applied to smart cards and IC cards called chip cards, such as BGA (Ball grid array), CSP (Chip size package), COB (Chip on board), etc. Can do.
- BGA All grid array
- CSP Chip size package
- COB Chip on board
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an electrostatic discharge protector 11 which is a specific example of the electrostatic discharge protector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an electrostatic discharge protector 21 which is a specific example of the electrostatic discharge protector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an electrostatic discharge protector 31 which is a specific example of the electrostatic discharge protector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a top view of an electrostatic discharge protector 41 which is a specific example of the electrostatic discharge protector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of an electrostatic discharge protector 41 which is a specific example of the electrostatic discharge protector according to the present invention.
- 6 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the surface-coated aluminum particles produced in Preparation Example 1.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the composition for filling a discharge gap of the present invention Including metal powder (A1), aluminum powder (A2) and binder component (B),
- the metal powder (A1) is such that at least a part of the surface of the primary metal particles is coated with a film made of a hydrolysis product of a metal alkoxide
- the aluminum powder (A2) is characterized in that the surface of primary aluminum particles is not coated with a film made of a hydrolysis product of a metal alkoxide.
- the discharge gap refers to a space formed between a pair of electrodes
- the discharge gap filling composition refers to a composition used to fill the discharge gap.
- the primary particle refers to a state of particles that exist independently without agglomerating with other particles, and is a term used in contrast to secondary particles formed by agglomeration of primary particles.
- Metal powder (A1) In the metal powder (A1) used in the present invention, at least a part of the surface of primary metal particles is coated with a film made of a hydrolysis product of a metal alkoxide.
- the metal powder (A1) At least part of the surface of the primary particles of the metal is coated with a film made of a hydrolysis product of a metal alkoxide.
- the composition for filling a discharge gap containing such a metal powder (A1) is insulative at a voltage during normal operation, but becomes conductive when subjected to a high voltage load during electrostatic discharge, and further releases a high voltage. The insulation is restored. As a result, it is considered that the electrostatic discharge protector using the discharge gap filling composition exhibits effective electrostatic discharge protection characteristics and is not easily damaged at high voltage.
- the metal atom constituting the metal alkoxide is not particularly limited as long as it is water alone or can react with water and a hydrolysis catalyst to form a hydrolysis product.
- the metal atoms include metalloids such as silicon, germanium, and tin.
- the metal atom is preferably magnesium, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, or niobium. Among these, silicon, titanium, zirconium, tantalum or hafnium is more preferable, and silicon is more preferable.
- the surface of the metal primary particles in the metal powder (A1) is formed of a silicon alkoxide hydrolysis product. It is preferable because the production stability when coated with is likely to be higher.
- the metal alkoxide is preferably represented by the following general formula (1). When such a metal alkoxide is used, it tends to be easy to form a film of the hydrolysis product.
- M is a metal atom
- O is an oxygen atom
- R is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- n is an integer of 1 to 40.
- M in the general formula (1) is preferably silicon, titanium, zirconium, tantalum or hafnium.
- M is such a metal atom, the voltage resistance of the finally obtained electrostatic discharge protector tends to be good.
- R is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, neopentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-
- methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl and n-pentyl are preferred, and ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl are more preferred.
- n is preferably an integer of 1 to 4. .
- Examples of the metal alkoxide used in the present invention include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-sec-butyl titanate, tetra-tert-butyl titanate, tetra-2 Examples include ethyl hexyl titanate, tetraethyl zirconate, tetraisopropyl zirconate, tetra-n-butyl zirconate, tetra-sec-butyl zirconate, tetra-tert-butyl zirconate, tetra-2-ethylhexyl zirconate, and condensates thereof.
- tetraethoxysilane is preferable in terms of hydrolyzability and dispersibility.
- Examples of the method of coating the surface of the metal primary particles in the metal powder (A1) with a film made of the hydrolysis product of the metal alkoxide include, for example, a metal alkoxide and a metal alkoxide in a state where the metal powder (A1) is suspended in a solvent.
- the method of performing by adding gradually the water more than the quantity which can hydrolyze it is mentioned.
- the hydrolyzate containing a metal oxide etc. produces
- metal alkoxide represented by the general formula (1) for example, when M is silicon, hydrolysis produces silicon dioxide, oligomers and polymers in the form of dehydration condensation of silanol, and mixtures thereof. It is thought that the film
- the addition method of metal alkoxide and water may be a batch addition method, or may be added in small portions in multiple stages.
- water may be added to the place where the metal alkoxide is first dissolved or suspended in the solvent, or the metal alkoxide may be added after the water is first dissolved or suspended in the solvent. It is also possible to add them little by little.
- the gentle reaction tends to reduce the generation of suspended particles, so it is preferable to add it in multiple stages in small portions, and add it in a state where the concentration is lowered with a solvent as necessary. More preferably.
- the solvent is preferably an alcohol, mineral spirit, solvent naphtha, benzene, toluene, xylene, petroleum benzine, ether, or the like that dissolves metal alkoxide, but is not particularly limited because it reacts in a suspended state. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, in the hydrolysis reaction of metal alkoxide, alcohol is by-produced by the addition of water, and therefore alcohol can be used as a polymerization rate regulator.
- the metal of the metal powder (A1) used in the present invention a generally known metal powder can be used.
- the metal of the metal powder (A1) has a high ionization tendency.
- a so-called passive metal that can form a dense self-oxidation film on the surface of the primary particle metal and protect the inside is preferable.
- metal elements include manganese, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, magnesium, titanium, and aluminum.
- aluminum, Nickel, tantalum and titanium are preferable, and aluminum is more preferable.
- the metals can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the surface of the primary particle of the metal covered with the hydrolysis product of the metal alkoxide may have a metal auto-oxidation film in advance. In that case, a self-oxidation film exists inside the coating of the hydrolysis product of the metal alkoxide of the primary metal particles.
- Examples of a method for forming a self-oxidation film on the surface of primary particles of metal include a method in which a metal is heated in the presence of oxygen to form a self-oxidation film.
- a more stable structure can be obtained by the following method.
- a self-oxidation film can be formed. That is, after cleaning the surface of the metal primary particles with an organic solvent such as acetone, the surface of the metal primary particles is slightly etched with dilute hydrochloric acid in a mixed gas atmosphere consisting of 20% hydrogen gas and 80% argon gas.
- a mixed gas atmosphere consisting of 20% hydrogen gas and 80% argon gas.
- the film thickness of the coating film can be about 10 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness of the coating film can be determined using, for example, a transmission electron microscope.
- the covering region may be such that a part of the surface of the metal primary particles in the metal powder (A1) is covered with a film made of a hydrolysis product of a metal alkoxide, but the entire surface of the metal primary particles is a metal. It is preferably coated with a film made of an alkoxide hydrolysis product.
- the shape of the primary metal particles in the metal powder (A1) used in the present invention is preferably a flaky shape.
- the flaky shape means a shape having a small thickness and having a spread as a surface, and includes, for example, shapes such as scales, discs, strips, and layers, and does not include shapes such as spheres. .
- the thickness and the surface of the primary particles of the metal in the metal powder (A1) those whose maximum surface length is twice or more the average thickness are made into a flake shape.
- the length (d) of the shortest axis (short side) of the primary metal particles in the metal powder (A1) is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less and 0.05 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less. Most preferably, it is 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- the electrostatic discharge protector using the discharge gap filling composition is discharged. There is a tendency that the operability of is good.
- the thickness of the particles that is, the length of the shortest axis (short side) in the primary particles of the metal is “d”
- the maximum length of the surface that is, The characteristic can be shown by the average aspect ratio (L / d) when the length of the longest axis (long side) in the primary particles of the metal is “L”.
- the primary particles of the metal in the metal powder (A1) preferably have an average aspect ratio (L / d) of 3 or more and 1000 or less, more preferably 5 or more and 500 or less, and more preferably 9 or more and 100 or less. More preferably.
- the flaky particles are in the aspect ratio range.
- the electrostatic discharge protector using the discharge gap filling composition has good operating voltage and voltage resistance. That is, it is considered that the operability is good as a protector, and the characteristics as a protector that can cope with discharge at a lower voltage are developed.
- the aspect ratio (L / d) of the primary particle of the metal in the metal powder (A1) is measured as follows.
- the section-formed metal powder (A1) is observed at 1000 to 2000 times under a scanning electron microscope.
- Ten primary particles are arbitrarily selected from the primary particles of the metal in the observed metal powder (A1), and in each of the selected primary particles, the length “L” of the longest axis (long side);
- the length “d” of the shortest axis (short side) corresponding to it is measured.
- the average aspect ratio (L / d) can be obtained from the average value of L and d.
- the average particle diameter of the primary metal particles in the metal powder (A1) is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more and 11 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the metal in the metal powder (A1) exceeds the above range, the surface energy becomes small, so that the force with which the hydrolysis product of the metal alkoxide adheres to the metal powder surface becomes small.
- the composition for filling the discharge gap there are many particles of hydrolyzed metal alkoxide floating without adhering to the metal powder, and the operability when forming an electrostatic discharge protector. May decrease.
- the average particle diameter of the primary metal particles in the metal particles (A1) is less than the above range, the particles are agglomerated so that the dispersion is poor and a non-uniform coating is formed in the reaction with the metal alkoxide.
- the ratio of the conductive portion of the core to the insulation of the coating layer is extremely small, the resistance during electrostatic discharge is difficult to decrease.
- the average particle size is obtained by weighing 50 mg of sample, adding it to 50 mL of distilled water, and further adding 2% Triton (a product of a surfactant manufactured by GE Healthcare Biosciences, Inc.). Name) After adding 0.2 ml of aqueous solution and dispersing with an ultrasonic homogenizer with an output of 150 W for 3 minutes, a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter, for example, a laser diffraction light scattering particle size distribution meter (trademark: Microtrac MT3300, Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) This is a value evaluated with a cumulative 50% by mass diameter obtained by measurement.
- the aluminum powder (A2) is one in which the surface of primary aluminum particles is not coated with the hydrolysis product of metal alkoxide. That the surface of the primary particle is not coated with the hydrolysis product of metal alkoxide means that the entire surface of the primary particle is not coated with the hydrolysis product of metal alkoxide.
- aluminum itself, primary particles of aluminum Examples include those having a self-oxidation film formed on the surface. Examples of the method for forming a self-oxidized film on the primary particle surface of aluminum include the same methods as those described for the metal powder (A1), but it is also possible to leave the aluminum powder in the air.
- the aluminum powder (A2) becomes a conductive grounding portion, and substantially, a discharge gap filling member formed of several discharge gap filling compositions forms a parallel circuit or a series circuit in a wide discharge gap. Will be doing.
- the primary particles in the aluminum powder (A2) have an average aspect ratio (L / d) of preferably 3 or more and 1000 or less, more preferably 5 or more and 500 or less, and more preferably 10 or more and 100 or less. More preferably.
- the definition of the aspect ratio and the measuring method are the same as those described in the section of the metal powder (A1).
- the shape of the primary particles in the aluminum powder (A2) used in the present invention is preferably flaky.
- the shape of the primary particles in the aluminum powder (A2) is flaky, so that the electrostatic discharge protector using the discharge gap filling composition operates during discharge. Tend to be good.
- the definition of the flaky shape and the average aspect ratio thereof are the same as those described in the section of the metal powder (A1).
- those having the shortest axis (short side) length (d) of 5 ⁇ m or less can be used, preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. .
- the discharge gap filling composition of the present invention is more likely to discharge more smoothly in the discharge direction when the primary particles in the aluminum powder (A2) have an average aspect ratio (L / d) in the above range.
- the electrostatic discharge protector using the discharge gap filling composition has good operating voltage and voltage resistance. That is, it is considered that the operability is good as a protector, and the characteristics as a protector that can cope with discharge at a lower voltage are developed.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the aluminum powder (A2) is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 70 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter is less than the above range, the number of aluminum powders (A2) having a size of several microns without an insulating film increases, and when electrostatic discharge is applied, the particles of the aluminum powder (A2) easily move. When the particles are connected, it becomes easy to short-circuit. If the average particle diameter exceeds the above range, for example, even a wide electrode of about 300 ⁇ m to 1 mm is connected by a small number of aluminum powder (A2) particles, and resistance during normal operation cannot be maintained. Tend.
- the characteristics of the shape of the primary particles of the aluminum powder (A2) can be represented by an average aspect ratio, an average particle diameter, and a water surface diffusion area WCA (m 2 / g).
- WCA of the flaky aluminum powder is in the range of 0.1 to 2 m 2 / g, but the WCA of the flaky aluminum powder preferable for the present invention is 0.5 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 0 .9 m 2 / g or more.
- composition for filling a discharge gap of the present invention using two kinds of metal powders having different insulating properties is excellent in operability during discharge even when used for filling a wide discharge gap of, for example, 300 ⁇ m or more,
- the voltage during normal operation is insulative.
- the composition for filling a discharge gap of the present invention does not contain aluminum powder (A2)
- A2 aluminum powder
- the insulating properties during normal operation cannot be maintained, or the insulating properties cannot be easily restored when the high voltage is released.
- the width of the discharge gap is wide, for example, exceeding 300 ⁇ m, the operability can be controlled by blending the metal powder (A1) and the aluminum powder (A2).
- the mass ratio of the metal powder (A1) to the aluminum powder (A2) in the discharge gap filling composition of the present invention is preferably metal powder (A1): aluminum powder (A2), preferably 98: 2 to 20:80. More preferably, it is 95: 5 to 35:65.
- the mass ratio of the metal powder (A1) exceeds the above ratio, the voltage during the discharge operation is almost the same as when the aluminum powder (A2) is not added.
- the mass ratio of the metal powder (A1) is less than the above ratio, the insulation during normal operation may be insufficient, or the probability of short-circuiting by applying a high voltage may increase.
- the metal powder (A1) is coated with a hydrolysis product of a metal alkoxide and the surface exhibits a reasonably high insulation, the metal powder (A1) and the aluminum powder (A2) or (A1) There is no problem with insulation during normal operation even if they come into contact.
- the width of the discharge gap is, for example, a wide width exceeding 300 ⁇ m, even if the aluminum powders (A2) having low insulating properties come into contact with each other, the discharge gap cannot be completely connected. Therefore, from the viewpoint of operability, it is considered that the contents of the metal powder (A1) and the aluminum powder (A2) in the discharge gap filling composition are determined without any upper limit.
- the total content of the metal powder (A1) and the aluminum powder (A2) is 95% by mass or less in the solid content of the discharge gap filling composition. Is preferred.
- the total content of the metal powder (A1) and the aluminum powder (A2) is the solid content of the discharge gap filling composition. It is preferable that it is 3 mass% or more in a minute.
- the total content of the metal powder (A1) and the aluminum powder (A2) in the solid content of the discharge gap filling composition is:
- the solid content of the discharge gap filling composition is preferably 3% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, and more preferably 30% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less.
- the mass ratio of the total mass of the metal powder (A1) and the aluminum powder (A2) in the solid content of the discharge gap filling composition of the present invention to the binder component (B) described later (A / B) is preferably from 3/97 to 95/5, and more preferably from 30/70 to 80/20.
- the binder component (B) refers to an insulator substance for dispersing the above-described metal powder (A1) and aluminum powder (A2).
- the binder component (B) include organic polymers, inorganic polymers, and composite polymers thereof.
- binder component (B) examples include polysiloxane compounds, urethane resins, polyimides, polyolefins, polybutadienes, epoxy resins, phenol resins, acrylic resins, water-added polybutadienes, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyethers, polysulfones, polytetrafluororesins. , Melamine resin, polyamide, polyamideimide, phenol resin, unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, alkyd resin, vinyl ester resin, alkyd resin, diallyl phthalate resin, allyl ester resin, furan resin, rosin, rosin derivative, rubber derivative, etc. Is mentioned.
- the binder component (B) preferably contains a thermosetting compound or an active energy ray-curable compound from the viewpoint of mechanical stability, thermal stability, chemical stability, or stability over time.
- the thermosetting compounds the thermosetting urethane resin has a high insulation resistance value, good adhesion to the base material, and good dispersibility of the metal powder (A1) and the aluminum powder (A2). Is particularly preferred.
- binder components (B) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- thermosetting urethane resin examples include a polymer having a urethane bond formed by reacting a polyol compound containing a carbonate diol compound and an isocyanate compound.
- a combination of a compound and a compound containing carbodiimide is preferred.
- the epoxy compound examples include bisphenol A type epoxy resin, hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin, brominated bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, novolac type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, cresol novolak type epoxy resin. 1 such as alicyclic epoxy resin, N-glycidyl type epoxy resin, bisphenol A novolac type epoxy resin, chelate type epoxy resin, glyoxal type epoxy resin, amino group-containing epoxy resin, rubber modified epoxy resin, caprolactone modified epoxy resin, etc. Examples thereof include compounds having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule. In order to impart flame retardancy, an epoxy compound in which atoms such as halogen and phosphorus such as chlorine and bromine are introduced into the structure may be used.
- a carboxyl group-containing thermosetting urethane resin having a carboxyl group in the molecule and an acid anhydride group-containing thermosetting having an acid anhydride group at the molecule end is preferable.
- examples of the other curing component include an epoxy resin curing agent, and can be used as one of the binder components (B).
- carbonate diol compound a carbonate diol compound containing a repeating unit derived from one or more linear aliphatic diols as a constituent unit, a repeating unit derived from one or more alicyclic diols And a carbonate diol compound containing a repeating unit derived from both diols as a constituent unit.
- Examples of the carbonate diol compound containing a repeating unit derived from a linear aliphatic diol as a structural unit include 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, Examples thereof include polycarbonate diols having a structure in which diol components such as 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediol, and 1,9-nonanediol are connected by a carbonate bond.
- Examples of the carbonate diol compound containing a repeating unit derived from an alicyclic diol as a structural unit include 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol, A polycarbonate diol having a structure in which diol components such as tricyclohexane dimethanol and pentacyclopentadecane dimethanol are linked by a carbonate bond can be exemplified. Two or more of these diol components may be combined.
- Examples of the carbonate diol compounds that are commercially available include trade names PLACEL, CD-205, 205PL, 205HL, 210, 210PL, 210HL, 220, 220PL, 220HL, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Co., Ltd., Ube Industries, Ltd.
- Product names UC-CARB100, UM-CARB90, UH-CARB100, and product names C-1065N, C-2015N, C-1015N, C-2065N manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., and the like can be given.
- carbonate diol compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polycarbonate diols containing repeating units derived from linear aliphatic diols as constituent units tend to be excellent in low warpage and flexibility. Therefore, when the binder component (B) containing the polycarbonate diol is used, it becomes easy to provide an electrostatic discharge protector described later on the flexible wiring board.
- polycarbonate diols containing repeating units derived from alicyclic diols as constituent units tend to have high crystallinity and excellent heat resistance. From the above viewpoint, it is preferable to use these polycarbonate diols in combination of two or more, or use polycarbonate diols containing repeating units derived from both linear aliphatic diols and alicyclic diols as constituent units. . In order to achieve a good balance between flexibility and heat resistance, it is preferable to use a polycarbonate diol in which the copolymerization ratio of the linear aliphatic diol and the alicyclic diol is from 3: 7 to 7: 3 by mass ratio. is there.
- the number average molecular weight of the carbonate diol compound is preferably 5000 or less. If the number average molecular weight exceeds 5,000, the relative amount of urethane bonds decreases, so that the operating voltage of the electrostatic discharge protector may increase or the voltage resistance may decrease.
- isocyanate compound examples include 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethylene diisocyanate, (o, m, or p) -xylene diisocyanate, (o, m , Or p) -hydrogenated xylene diisocyanate, methylene bis (cyclohexyl isocyanate), trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3-dimethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylene diisocyanate, 1,3-trimethylene diisocyanate, 1, , 4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethyl Diisocyanate, 1,9-nonamethylene diisocyanate
- alicyclic diisocyanates derived from alicyclic diamines specifically, isophorone diisocyanate or (o, m, or p) -hydrogenated xylene diisocyanate are preferable.
- diisocyanates are used, a cured product having excellent voltage resistance can be obtained.
- thermosetting urethane resin as the thermosetting urethane resin used in the present invention, for example, a polyol having a carboxyl group may be reacted with the carbonate diol compound and the isocyanate compound.
- the polyol having a carboxyl group it is particularly preferable to use a dihydroxy aliphatic carboxylic acid having a carboxyl group.
- a dihydroxyl compound examples include dimethylolpropionic acid and dimethylolbutanoic acid.
- thermosetting urethane resin used in the present invention in particular, in order to obtain the acid anhydride group-containing thermosetting urethane resin, for example, the carbonate diol compound and the isocyanate compound have a ratio of the number of hydroxyl groups to the number of isocyanate groups of isocyanate. It can be obtained by reacting the second diisocyanate compound obtained by reacting so that the group / hydroxyl group is 1.01 or more, and a polycarboxylic acid having an acid anhydride group or a derivative thereof.
- polycarboxylic acid having an acid anhydride group and derivatives thereof examples include trivalent polycarboxylic acid having an acid anhydride group and derivatives thereof, and tetravalent polycarboxylic acid having an acid anhydride group. .
- R ′ represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group
- Y 1 represents —CH 2 —, —CO—, —SO 2 —, or O—.
- trimellitic anhydride is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance, cost, and the like.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and aromatic dicarboxylic acid can be used as necessary.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride examples include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acid examples include succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, decanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, and dimer acid.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acid examples include isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, phthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, oxydibenzoic acid and the like.
- the monohydroxyl compound may be a compound having one hydroxyl group in the molecule, and examples thereof include aliphatic alcohols and monohydroxy mono (meth) acrylate compounds.
- (meth) acrylate means acrylate and / or methacrylate, and the same applies hereinafter.
- Examples of the aliphatic alcohol include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isobutanol and the like, and examples of the monohydroxy mono (meth) acrylate compound include 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and the like. By using these, it is possible to prevent the isocyanate group from remaining in the thermosetting urethane resin.
- thermosetting urethane resin In order to impart further flame retardancy to the thermosetting urethane resin, atoms such as halogens such as chlorine and bromine, and phosphorus may be introduced into the structure.
- the mixing ratio of the carbonate diol compound and the isocyanate compound in the reaction is preferably a molar ratio of 50: 100 to 150: 100, except when obtaining the acid anhydride group-containing thermosetting urethane resin. More preferably, it is 80: 100 to 120: 100.
- Solvents that can be used in the reaction of the polyol compound containing the carbonate diol compound and the isocyanate compound include ether solvents, sulfur-containing solvents, ester solvents, ketone solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, and the like. Nitrogen-containing polar solvents are preferred.
- examples of ether solvents include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and triethylene glycol diethyl ether.
- sulfur-containing solvent examples include dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, and sulfolane.
- ester solvent examples include ⁇ -butyrolactone, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate.
- ketone solvents examples include cyclohexanone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents examples include toluene, xylene and petroleum naphtha.
- solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- ⁇ -butyrolactone diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol are high volatility and can impart low temperature curability. More preferable examples include monoethyl ether acetate and propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate.
- the reaction temperature between the polyol compound containing the carbonate diol compound and the isocyanate compound is preferably 30 to 180 ° C., more preferably 50 to 160 ° C. When the temperature is lower than 30 ° C, the reaction becomes too long, and when it exceeds 180 ° C, gelation tends to occur.
- the reaction time depends on the reaction temperature, but is preferably 2 to 36 hours, and more preferably 8 to 16 hours. In the case of less than 2 hours, control is difficult even if the reaction temperature is increased in order to obtain the expected number average molecular weight. Moreover, when it exceeds 36 hours, it is not practical.
- the number average molecular weight of the thermosetting urethane resin is preferably 500 to 100,000, and more preferably 8,000 to 50,000.
- the number average molecular weight is a value in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography. If the number average molecular weight of the thermosetting urethane resin is less than 500, the elongation, flexibility, and strength of the cured film may be impaired, and if it exceeds 1,000,000, it may become hard and the flexibility may be lowered.
- the acid value of the carboxyl group-containing thermosetting urethane resin is preferably 5 to 150 mgKOH / g, more preferably 30 to 120 mgKOH / g.
- the acid value is less than 5 mgKOH / g, the reactivity with the curable component is lowered, and the expected heat resistance and long-term reliability may not be obtained.
- the acid value exceeds 150 mgKOH / g, flexibility is likely to be lost, and long-term insulation characteristics and the like may deteriorate.
- the acid value of resin is the value measured based on JISK5407.
- active energy ray-curable compounds include acrylic copolymers, epoxy (meth) acrylate resins, and urethane (meth) acrylate resins, which are compounds containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups.
- the content of the binder (B) is a value obtained by subtracting the content of the component (A1), the component (A2), and other components added as necessary from the entire discharge gap filling composition.
- the composition solid content it is preferably 5% by mass or more and 97% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less.
- the composition for filling a discharge gap of the present invention comprises the above-described metal powder (A1), aluminum powder (A2), binder component (B), and optionally a layered substance, a curing catalyst, a curing accelerator, a filler, a solvent. , Foaming agents, antifoaming agents, leveling agents, lubricants, plasticizers, antirust agents, viscosity modifiers, colorants, and the like. Moreover, insulating particles such as silica particles can be contained.
- the discharge gap filling composition of the present invention includes, for example, a metal powder (A1), an aluminum powder (A2), and the binder component (B) as well as other components such as a solvent, a filler, and a curing catalyst. It can be produced by dispersing and mixing using a disper, a kneader, a three-roll mill, a bead mill, a rotation and revolution type stirrer and the like. During mixing, the mixture may be heated to a sufficient temperature in order to improve the compatibility. After the dispersion and mixing described above, a curing accelerator can be further added and mixed as necessary.
- the electrostatic discharge protector of the present invention is an electrostatic discharge protector having at least two electrodes and a discharge gap between the two electrodes, and the discharge gap filling composition is filled in the discharge gap. It has the discharge gap filling member formed in this way.
- the two electrodes are arranged at a certain distance.
- the space between the two electrodes becomes a discharge gap.
- the discharge gap filling member is formed in the discharge gap. That is, the two electrodes are connected via the discharge gap filling member.
- the discharge gap filling member is formed of the above-described composition for filling a discharge gap.
- One aspect of the electrostatic discharge protector of the present invention is: Two conductors spaced apart by a predetermined distance; A plate-like insulating substrate having two holes, one hole and the other hole arranged so as to face each conductor; An electrostatic discharge protector having a discharge cap filling member filled so as to cover at least a part of the insulating substrate, The insulating base material is disposed so as to straddle the two conductors in such a manner that at least a portion to be an electrode of each conductor is exposed, and the two holes of the insulating base material are disposed in the discharge. Covered with a cap filling member, a discharge gap is formed at a location where the two are closest to each other.
- the electrode in the above aspect is a portion not covered with the insulating base material of the two conductors.
- the distance between the conductors where the two holes are closest to each other, that is, the distance obtained by adding twice the thickness of the insulating substrate to the shortest distance between the two holes is the width of the discharge gap. .
- the discharge gap filling member is formed in the discharge gap. That is, the two conductors are connected via the discharge gap filling member.
- the discharge gap filling member is formed of the above-described composition for filling a discharge gap.
- the electrostatic discharge protector of the present invention is used as a protection circuit for escaping overcurrent to the ground in order to protect the device during electrostatic discharge.
- the electrostatic discharge protector according to the present invention has a discharge gap filling member formed by filling the discharge gap with the above-described discharge gap filling composition, the insulation, operating voltage, and withstand voltage characteristics during normal operation are provided. Excellent. That is, the electrostatic discharge protector of the present invention exhibits a high electric resistance value at a low voltage during normal operation, and can supply current to the device without letting it escape to the ground. On the other hand, when an electrostatic discharge occurs, it immediately exhibits a low electrical resistance value, allowing overcurrent to escape to ground and preventing overcurrent from being supplied to the device. When the electrostatic discharge transient is resolved, the electrical resistance value returns to high and current can be supplied to the device.
- the electrostatic discharge protector of the present invention is filled with the discharge gap filling composition having the insulating binder component (B) in the discharge gap between the two electrodes, the leakage current does not occur during normal operation. Does not occur.
- the resistance value when a voltage of DC 10 V or less is applied between the two electrodes can be made 10 10 ⁇ or more, and electrostatic discharge protection can be realized.
- the electrostatic discharge protector of the present invention can be produced by using the above-described composition for filling a discharge gap to form a discharge gap filling member as follows.
- a discharge gap filling composition is prepared by the method described above.
- the discharge gap filling composition is applied by a method such as potting or screen printing so as to cover between two electrodes or two holes to be a discharge gap, and is heated or solidified or cured as necessary.
- the discharge gap filling member is formed.
- the width of the discharge gap is preferably 300 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less, more preferably 400 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less, and further preferably 600 ⁇ m or more and 800 ⁇ m or less.
- the width of the discharge gap means the shortest distance between the electrodes, and when the discharge gap filling composition of the present application exists between the discharge gaps, it means the shortest path when current flows through the composition. To do.
- the width of the discharge gap means the shortest distance of the conducting path.
- the preferred electrode shape of the electrostatic discharge protector can be arbitrarily set in accordance with the state of the circuit board.
- the cross-sectional shape is a rectangular film shape, for example, a shape having a thickness of 20 to 200 ⁇ m. Can be illustrated.
- the preferred electrode width of the electrostatic discharge protector is 300 ⁇ m or more. Within the above range, damage during electrostatic discharge can be dispersed.
- a protective layer is preferably formed on the surface of the discharge gap filling member.
- composition for filling a discharge gap may have insufficient adhesion to the substrate depending on the material of the substrate provided with the discharge gap, or when electrostatic discharge is very high energy, or metal powder ( The content of A1) and aluminum powder (A2) may be high.
- the electrostatic discharge protector according to the present invention is higher when a protective layer such as a resin composition described later is provided so as to cover the discharge gap filling member. Voltage resistance is imparted and excellent repeated resistance can be maintained.
- Examples of the resin used as the protective layer include natural resins, modified resins, and oligomer synthetic resins.
- Rosin is a typical natural resin.
- the modified resin include rosin derivatives and rubber derivatives.
- the oligomer synthetic resin include silicon resin and the like, which are used in combination with the polysiloxane compound of the electrostatic discharge protector, for example, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, maleic acid derivative, polyester resin, melamine resin, urethane resin, Examples thereof include imide resins, amic acid resins, and imide / amide resins.
- a resin composition can be used as the protective layer.
- the resin composition preferably contains a curable resin that can be cured by heat or ultraviolet rays in order to maintain the strength of the coating film.
- Thermosetting resins include carboxyl group-containing urethane resins, epoxy compounds, or acid anhydride groups, carboxyl groups, alcoholic groups, combinations of compounds containing amino groups and epoxy compounds, carboxyl groups, alcoholic groups, amino acids
- carboxyl group-containing urethane resins epoxy compounds, or acid anhydride groups
- carboxyl groups, alcoholic groups combinations of compounds containing amino groups and epoxy compounds, carboxyl groups, alcoholic groups, amino acids
- the combination of the compound containing group and the compound containing carbodiimide is mentioned.
- Epoxy compounds include bisphenol A type epoxy resins, hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resins, brominated bisphenol A type epoxy resins, bisphenol F type epoxy resins, novolac type epoxy resins, phenol novolac type epoxy resins, cresol novolak type epoxy resins, Alicyclic epoxy resin, N-glycidyl type epoxy resin, bisphenol A novolac type epoxy resin, chelate type epoxy resin, glyoxal type epoxy resin, amino group-containing epoxy resin, rubber-modified epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene phenolic type epoxy resin, Examples thereof include epoxy compounds having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule, such as silicone-modified epoxy resins and ⁇ -caprolactone-modified epoxy resins.
- an epoxy compound in which atoms such as halogen such as chlorine and bromine and phosphorus are introduced into the structure may be used for imparting flame retardancy.
- bisphenol S type epoxy resin, diglycidyl phthalate resin, heterocyclic epoxy resin, bixylenol type epoxy resin, biphenol type epoxy resin, tetraglycidyl xylenoyl ethane resin, and the like may be used.
- ultraviolet curable resin examples include acrylic copolymers, epoxy (meth) acrylate resins, and urethane (meth) acrylate resins, which are compounds containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups.
- the resin composition forming the protective layer may be a curing accelerator, a filler, a solvent, a foaming agent, an antifoaming agent, a leveling agent, a lubricant, a plasticizer, an antirust agent, a viscosity modifier, a colorant, etc. Can be contained.
- the thickness of the protective layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 mm. Moreover, it is preferable that a protective layer completely covers the discharge gap filling member formed by the discharge gap filling composition. If there is a defect in the protective layer, the possibility of generating cracks with high energy during electrostatic discharge increases.
- FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an electrostatic discharge protector 11 which is a specific example of the electrostatic discharge protector of the present invention.
- the electrostatic discharge protector 11 is formed of an electrode 12A, an electrode 12B, and a discharge gap filling member 13.
- the electrode 12A and the electrode 12B are arranged so that their axial directions coincide with each other and their tip surfaces face each other.
- a discharge gap 14 is formed between the opposing end surfaces of the electrode 12A and the electrode 12B.
- the discharge gap filling member 13 is formed in the discharge gap 14, and further, the tip of the electrode 12A facing the tip surface of the electrode 12B and the tip of the electrode 12B facing the tip surface of the electrode 12A. It is provided in contact with these tip parts so as to cover the part from above.
- the width of the discharge gap 14, that is, the distance between the tip surfaces of the electrodes 12A and 12B facing each other, is preferably 300 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less.
- FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an electrostatic discharge protector 21 which is another specific example of the electrostatic discharge protector of the present invention.
- the electrostatic discharge protector 21 is formed of an electrode 22A, an electrode 22B, and a discharge gap filling member 23.
- the electrode 22A and the electrode 22B are arranged in parallel with each other so that the tip portions thereof overlap in the vertical direction.
- a discharge gap 24 is formed at a portion where the electrodes 22A and 22B overlap in the vertical direction.
- the discharge gap filling member 23 has a rectangular cross section and is formed in the discharge gap 24.
- the width of the discharge gap 24, that is, the distance between the electrode 22A and the electrode 22B where the electrode 22A and the electrode 22B overlap in the vertical direction is preferably 300 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less.
- FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an electrostatic discharge protector 31 which is a specific example of the electrostatic discharge protector of the present invention.
- the electrostatic discharge protector 31 is formed on a base material made of, for example, a polyimide film, and is formed of an electrode 32A, an electrode 32B, a discharge gap filling member 33, and a protective layer 35.
- the electrode 32A and the electrode 32B are arranged so that their axial directions coincide with each other and their tip surfaces face each other.
- a discharge gap 34 is formed between the opposing end faces of the electrode 32A and the electrode 32B.
- the discharge gap filling member 33 is formed in the discharge gap 34, and further, the tip portion of the electrode 32A facing the tip surface of the electrode 32B and the tip of the electrode 32B facing the tip surface of the electrode 32A. It is provided in contact with these tip parts so as to cover the part from above.
- the width of the discharge gap 34 that is, the distance between the tip surfaces of the electrodes 32A and 32B facing each other is preferably 300 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less.
- FIG. 4 shows a specific example of the electrostatic discharge protector 41 of the present invention
- FIG. 5 shows an electrostatic vertical cross-sectional view of the electrostatic discharge protector 41 of the present invention shown in FIG.
- the electrostatic discharge protector 41 includes conductors 42A and 42B such as copper, an insulating base material 43 such as a glass epoxy substrate, and a discharge gap filling member 44, for example.
- the conductors 42A and 42B are arranged with a certain distance therebetween.
- the insulating base 43 is provided with two holes at a predetermined interval, straddling the conductors 42A and 42B as shown in FIG.
- the discharge gap filling member 44 is formed on the insulating base material 43 by closing the two holes 45A and 45B of the insulating base material 43, and is in contact with the conductors 42A and 42B through the two holes.
- the portions of the conductors 42A and 42B that protrude from the insulating base material 43 serve as electrodes.
- the distance 46 obtained by adding twice the thickness of the insulating substrate to the distance between the two holes of the insulating substrate 43 that is closest to each other is the width of the discharge gap in this case, which is 300 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm. The following is preferable.
- the discharge gap and the discharge gap filling member formed of the discharge gap filling composition do not necessarily exist on the same substrate.
- an electrostatic discharge protector is obtained.
- the electronic circuit board of the present invention has the above-described electrostatic discharge protector. Therefore, the electronic circuit board of the present invention tends not to be damaged by static electricity even if it receives electrostatic discharge.
- the flexible electronic circuit board of this invention has the electrostatic discharge protector mentioned above. Therefore, even if the flexible electronic circuit board of the present invention is subjected to electrostatic discharge, it tends to be difficult to be damaged by static electricity.
- the IC chip mounting substrate of the present invention has the above-described electrostatic discharge protector. Therefore, since the IC chip mounting substrate of the present invention tends to be less susceptible to damage due to static electricity even when it receives electrostatic discharge, it can be applied to smart cards, BGAs, CSPs, and COBs.
- the electronic device of the present invention includes the electronic circuit board, the flexible electronic circuit board, or the IC chip mounting board. Therefore, even if the electronic device of the present invention is subjected to electrostatic discharge, it tends to be difficult to be damaged by static electricity.
- the electrostatic discharge protector is attached to a semiconductor electrostatic tester ESS-6008 (manufactured by NOISE LABORATORY), and an applied voltage of 8 kV is applied. It was measured. The resistance value was evaluated as “voltage resistance” according to the following criteria.
- D shows less than 10 8 ⁇ when applied once.
- Measured values in this example were measured by the following method.
- ⁇ Average particle size> Weigh 50 mg of sample, add it to 50 mL of distilled water, and then add 0.2 ml of 2% Triton (trade name of a surfactant manufactured by GE Healthcare Biosciences) in an ultrasonic homogenizer with an output of 150 W. After dispersing for 3 minutes, the cumulative 50 mass% diameter obtained by measuring with a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter, for example, a laser diffraction light scattering particle size distribution meter (trademark: Microtrac MT3300, manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) was evaluated. .
- Electrostatic discharge protector C The electrostatic discharge protectors C1 to C11 used in the examples were manufactured as follows.
- Each wiring gap filling composition obtained in the examples was flattened with a diameter of 2 mm on a wiring board in which a pair of electrode patterns (film thickness 12 ⁇ m, electrode width 2 mm) were formed on a polyimide film with a thickness of 25 ⁇ m.
- the electrode was applied using a simple needle, filled into the discharge gap across the electrode pattern, held in a thermostatic chamber at 150 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a discharge gap filling member, and an electrostatic discharge protector was prepared.
- the electrostatic discharge protector used for the evaluation of the operating voltage was manufactured with the electrode pattern discharge gap width of 300 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m and 1 mm.
- the electrostatic discharge protectors D1 to D11 used in the examples were manufactured as follows. Two square holes of about 3 mm square are opened at intervals of 0.5 mm in a polyimide film “UPILEX 75S manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.” having a thickness of about 15 mm square and 75 ⁇ m thickness. Two copper-clad laminates cut to approximately 10 mm square are prepared, and one piece is bonded to one hole so that the copper-clad side faces the hole. The two copper clad laminates are installed so as not to contact each other.
- ⁇ Preparation example 1 of metal powder (A1)> The surface of the aluminum particles was covered with a film made of a hydrolysis product of a metal alkoxide as follows. Tetraethoxysilane was used as the metal alkoxide.
- the solid content was obtained by dividing the remaining amount of 1 g of the extracted paste dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour by the amount of paste before drying.
- the solvent scattering operation at 40 ° C. was completed after confirming that the solid content was 41% by mass.
- aluminum powder-containing paste A1-2 360 g of ion-exchanged water and 20 g of ammonia water were added and stirred for 1 hour, and then the reaction solution was filtered to obtain an aluminum cake. Further, the obtained aluminum cake was washed with propylene glycol monomethyl ether three times. . The washed aluminum cake was dispersed again in 500 g of triacetin, heated at 110 ° C. for 90 minutes, and then allowed to cool to room temperature. Thereafter, the reaction solution was filtered to obtain an aluminum cake, and the obtained aluminum cake was washed three times with propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. Thereafter, the solvent was scattered at 40 ° C. to obtain a paste containing propylene glycol monomethyl ether having an aluminum solid content of 41 mass% and water (hereinafter referred to as “aluminum powder-containing paste A1-2”).
- thermosetting urethane resin As the binder component (B) before the addition of the curing agent, a thermosetting urethane resin was synthesized as follows.
- the temperature of the liquid in which this raw material was dissolved was lowered to 70 ° C., and 237.5 g of methylene bis (4-cyclohexylisocyanate) as polyisocyanate (manufactured by Sumika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd., trade name “Desmodur-W”) with a dropping funnel. was added dropwise over 30 minutes.
- thermosetting urethane resin a carboxyl group-containing urethane resin
- thermosetting urethane resin solution The number average molecular weight of the obtained thermosetting urethane resin was 6090, and the solid content acid value was 40.0 mgKOH / g.
- ⁇ -Butyrolactone was added to the obtained thermosetting urethane resin and diluted to a solid content of 45% by mass to obtain a solution (hereinafter also referred to as “thermosetting urethane resin solution”).
- thermosetting urethane resin solution prepared in the synthesis example (solid content 45% by mass) 37.8 g, epoxy resin manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd. (trade name: JER604) as a curing agent. 1.9g was added and it stirred at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes using the homogenizer, and the composition 1 for discharge gap filling was obtained.
- the electrostatic discharge protector C1 and the electrostatic discharge protector D1 were obtained by the above method using the composition 1 for filling the discharge gap, and the insulation, operating voltage, and withstand voltage during normal operation were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 ⁇ Preparation of discharge gap filling composition> 48.8 g of prepared aluminum powder-containing paste A1-1 (solid content: 41% by mass), spherical aluminum powder A2-2 (trade name: 08-0076, manufactured by Toyo Aluminum Powder Co., Ltd., average particle size: 6.8 ⁇ m, solid content 99% by mass, average aspect ratio: 1) 20.2 g, 43.3 g of thermosetting urethane resin solution (solid content 45% by mass) prepared in Synthesis Example, and 40 g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate were added as a curing agent, JER604 Was added, and it stirred at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes using the homogenizer, and obtained the composition 2 for discharge gap filling.
- the electrostatic discharge protector C2 and the electrostatic discharge protector D2 were obtained by the above method using the discharge gap filling composition 2, and the insulation, operating voltage, and withstand voltage during normal operation were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 ⁇ Preparation of discharge gap filling composition> 48.8 g of the prepared aluminum powder-containing paste A1-2 (solid content: 41% by mass), flaky aluminum powder A2-3 (trade name: 40, average particle size: 65 ⁇ m, solid content: 99 mass by Daiwa Metal Powder Industry Co., Ltd.) %, Average aspect ratio: 10) 5.1 g, 33.3 g of thermosetting urethane resin solution (solid content 45 mass%) prepared in the synthesis example, and 45 g of triacetin, and 1.7 g of JER604 as a curing agent are added. Then, the mixture was stirred at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes using a homogenizer to obtain a discharge gap filling composition 3.
- thermosetting urethane resin solution (solid content: 45% by mass) prepared in Synthesis Example, 1.9 g of JER604 as a curing agent was added, and at 2000 rpm using a homogenizer The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes to obtain a discharge gap filling composition 4.
- the electrostatic discharge protector C4 and the electrostatic discharge protector D4 were obtained by the above-described method using the discharge gap filling composition 4, and the insulation, operating voltage, and withstand voltage during normal operation were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 ⁇ Preparation of discharge gap filling composition> 48.8 g of prepared aluminum powder-containing paste A1-1 (solid content: 41% by mass), flaky aluminum powder A2-5 (trade name: 205N, average particle size: 6 ⁇ m, solid content: 65% by mass, Showa Aluminum Powder Co., Ltd.) , Average aspect ratio: 17) 13.2 g, 37.8 g of thermosetting urethane resin solution (solid content 45% by mass) prepared in Synthesis Example, 1.9 g of JER604 as a curing agent was added, and at 2000 rpm using a homogenizer The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes to obtain a discharge gap filling composition 5.
- the electrostatic discharge protector C5 and the electrostatic discharge protector D5 were obtained by the above-described method using the discharge gap filling composition 5, and the insulation, operating voltage, and withstand voltage during normal operation were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 ⁇ Preparation of discharge gap filling composition> 48.8 g of prepared aluminum powder-containing paste A1-1 (solid content 41% by mass), flaky aluminum powder A2-6 (trade name: SL850, average particle size: 23 ⁇ m, solid content 65% by mass, Showa Aluminum Powder Co., Ltd.) , Average aspect ratio: 28) 13.2 g, 37.8 g of thermosetting urethane resin solution (solid content: 45% by mass) prepared in Synthesis Example, 1.9 g of JER604 as a curing agent, and at 2000 rpm using a homogenizer The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes to obtain a discharge gap filling composition 6.
- thermosetting urethane resin solution (solid content: 45% by mass) prepared in Synthesis Example, 1.9 g of JER604 as a curing agent was added, and at 2000 rpm using a homogenizer The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes to obtain a discharge gap filling composition 7.
- A1 / A2 and (A1 + A2) / binder component (B) in the table indicate mass ratios.
- the binder component (B) contains a curing agent.
- Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 that do not contain aluminum powder (A2) can maintain insulation during normal operation, but Comparative Example 4 in which no electrostatic discharge protector is formed when the width of the discharge gap is 1 mm. It was found that the operating voltage was the same as in, and the effect could not be exhibited.
- the surface of the primary metal particles does not contain the metal powder (A1) that is insulation-coated with the hydrolysis product of the metal alkoxide. It was found to be significantly inferior and not function as an electrostatic discharge protector.
- Metal powder (A1) in which the surface of metal primary particles is coated with a film made of a hydrolysis product of metal alkoxide, aluminum powder (A2) not coated with a film made of a hydrolysis product of metal alkoxide, and a binder component By using the discharge gap filling composition containing (B), an electrostatic discharge protector having a high degree of freedom and excellent operability can be obtained.
- Electrostatic discharge protector 12A ... Electrode 12B ... Electrode 13 ... Discharge gap filling member 14 ... Discharge gap 21 . Electrostatic discharge protector 22A ... Electrode 22B ... Electrode 23 ... ⁇ Discharge gap filling member 24 ⁇ Discharge gap 31 ⁇ Electrostatic discharge protector 32A ⁇ Electrode 32B ⁇ Electrode 33 ⁇ Discharge gap filling member 34 ⁇ Discharge gap 35 ⁇ Protection layer 41 ... Electrostatic discharge protector 42A ... Conductor (exposed part is electrode) 42B ... Conductor (exposed part is electrode) 43 ... Insulating base material 44 ... Discharge gap filling member 45A ... Insulating base material hole 45B ... Insulating base material hole 46 ... Discharge gap width
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Abstract
Description
[1]金属粉末(A1)、アルミニウム粉末(A2)およびバインダー成分(B)を含み、
前記金属粉末(A1)が、金属の一次粒子の表面の少なくとも一部が金属アルコキシドの加水分解生成物からなる膜で被覆されたものであり、
前記アルミニウム粉末(A2)が、アルミニウムの一次粒子の表面が金属アルコキシドの加水分解生成物からなる膜で被覆されていないものであることを特徴とする放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
[2]金属粉末(A1)の金属の一次粒子の形状およびアルミニウム粉末(A2)の一次粒子の形状が、いずれも薄片状であることを特徴とする[1]に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
[3]金属粉末(A1)の金属の一次粒子の平均粒子径が1~15μmであり、かつアルミニウム粉末(A2)の一次粒子の平均粒子径が5~70μmであることを特徴とする[1]または[2]に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
[4]前記金属粉末(A1)の金属の金属元素が、マンガン、ニオブ、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム、タンタル、モリブデン、バナジウム、ニッケル、コバルト、クロム、マグネシウム、チタンまたはアルミニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする [1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
[5]前記金属粉末(A1)の金属の金属元素が、アルミニウムであることを特徴とする [1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
[7]前記金属アルコキシドが、下記一般式(1)で表されることを特徴とする[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
[8]前記一般式(1)におけるMが、ケイ素、チタン、ジルコニウム、タンタルまたはハフニウムであることを特徴とする[7]に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
[9]前記金属粉末(A1)および/またはアルミニウム粉末(A2)における金属の一次粒子の表面に自己酸化膜が形成されていることを特徴とする[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
[10]前記バインダー成分(B)が、熱硬化性化合物または活性エネルギー線硬化性化合物を含むことを特徴とすることを特徴とする[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
[11]前記バインダー成分(B)が、熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂を含むことを特徴とする[10]に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
[12]放電ギャップ充填用組成物の固形分中の金属粉末(A1)および金属粉末(A2)の合計の含有量が3~95質量%であり、バインダー(B)の含有量が5~97質量%であることを特徴とする[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
[13]少なくとも2つの電極と、前記2つの電極間に放電ギャップとを有する静電放電保護体であって、
[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物を前記放電ギャップに充填して形成される放電ギャップ充填部材を有することを特徴とする静電放電保護体。
[14]前記放電ギャップの幅が300μm以上1mm以下であることを特徴とする[13]に記載の静電放電保護体。
[15]前記放電ギャップ充填部材の表面に保護層が形成されていることを特徴とする[13]または[14]に記載の静電放電保護体。
[16] [13]~[15]のいずれかに記載の静電放電保護体を有する電子回路基板。
[17] [13]~[15]のいずれかに記載の静電放電保護体を有するフレキシブル電子回路基板。
[18] [13]~[15]のいずれかに記載の静電放電保護体を有するICチップ搭載用基板。
[19] [16]に記載の電子回路基板、[17]に記載のフレキシブル電子回路基板または[18]に記載のICチップ搭載用基板を有する電子機器。
本発明の放電ギャップ充填用組成物は、
金属粉末(A1)、アルミニウム粉末(A2)およびバインダー成分(B)を含み、
前記金属粉末(A1)が、金属の一次粒子の表面の少なくとも一部が金属アルコキシドの加水分解生成物からなる膜で被覆されたものであり、
アルミニウム粉末(A2)が、アルミニウムの一次粒子の表面が金属アルコキシドの加水分解生成物からなる膜で被覆されていないものであることを特徴とする。
本発明に用いる金属粉末(A1)は、金属の一次粒子の表面の少なくとも一部が、金属アルコキシドの加水分解生成物からなる膜で被覆されている。
アルミニウム粉末(A2)は、アルミニウムの一次粒子の表面が金属アルコキシドの加水分解生成物で被覆されていないものである。一次粒子の表面が金属アルコキシドの加水分解生成物で被覆されていないとは、一次粒子の表面全体が金属アルコキシドの加水分解生成物で被覆されていないことをいい、たとえばアルミニウムそのもの、アルミニウムの一次粒子表面に自己酸化膜が形成されたもの等が挙げられる。アルミニウムの一次粒子表面に自己酸化膜を形成する方法は、金属粉末(A1)で述べたものと同様の方法が挙げられるが、アルミニウム粉末を空気中に放置することも挙げられる。
金属粉末(A1)の絶縁性は、アルミニウム粉末(A2)の絶縁性より大きい。このように絶縁性の異なる2種類の金属粉末を用いた本発明の放電ギャップ充填用組成物は、たとえば300μm以上の広い放電ギャップ間の充填に用いても、放電時の作動性に優れるとともに、通常作動時の電圧には絶縁性を示す。
本発明において、バインダー成分(B)とは、上述した金属粉末(A1)およびアルミニウム粉末(A2)を分散させるための絶縁体物質のことをいう。バインダー成分(B)としては、例えば有機系ポリマー、無機系ポリマーまたはそれらの複合ポリマーを挙げることができる。
酸無水物基を有する3価のポリカルボン酸およびその誘導体としては、耐熱性、コスト面等から、トリメリット酸無水物が、特に好ましい。
本発明の放電ギャップ充填用組成物は、上述した金属粉末(A1)、アルミニウム粉末(A2)、バインダー成分(B)、必要に応じて、層状物質、硬化触媒、硬化促進剤、充填剤、溶剤、発泡剤、消泡剤、レベリング剤、滑剤、可塑剤、抗錆剤、粘度調整剤、着色剤等を含有することができる。また、シリカ粒子などの絶縁性粒子を含有することができる。
本発明の放電ギャップ充填用組成物は、たとえば、金属粉末(A1)、アルミニウム粉末(A2)、および前記バインダー成分(B)の他、その他の成分である溶剤、充填剤、硬化触媒などを、ディスパー、ニーダー、3本ロールミル、ビーズミル、自転公転型撹拌機などを用いて分散、混合することにより製造することができる。混合の際は、相溶性を良好にするために充分な温度に加温してもよい。前記の分散、混合の後、必要に応じてさらに硬化促進剤を加えて混合して、調製することができる。
本発明の静電放電保護体は、少なくとも2つの電極と、前記2つの電極間に放電ギャップとを有する静電放電保護体であって、上述した放電ギャップ充填用組成物を前記放電ギャップに充填して形成される放電ギャップ充填部材を有することを特徴としている。
所定間隔離間して配置された2つの導電体と、
2つの孔を有し、1つの孔および他の1つの孔が前記各導電体上に対面するように配置される板状の絶縁基材と、
前記絶縁基材の少なくとも一部を覆うように充填された放電キャップ充填部材とを有する静電放電保護体であって、
前記絶縁基材は少なくとも前記各導電体の電極となる部分を露出させた態様で前記2つの導電体に跨るように配置されており、かつ、前記絶縁基材の前記2つの孔は、前記放電キャップ充填部材で覆われ、両者が最も近接している箇所において放電ギャップを形成している。
本発明の電子回路基板は、上述した静電放電保護体を有する。したがって、本発明の電子回路基板は、静電気放電を受けても、静電気による破壊を受け難くなる傾向がある。
本発明のICチップ搭載用基板は、上述した静電放電保護体を有する。したがって、本発明のICチップ搭載用基板は、静電気放電を受けても、静電気による破壊を受け難くなる傾向があるため、スマートカード、BGA、CSP、COBに適用できる。
静電放電保護体の両端の電極部について、絶縁抵抗計「MEGOHMMETER SM-8220」(DKK-TOA CORPORATION製)を用いて、DC10V印加における抵抗を「通常作動時の抵抗」として測定した。当該測定値から、静電放電保護体の通常作動電圧時の絶縁性を以下の基準で評価した。
A:電気抵抗値が1010Ω以上を示す
B:電気抵抗値が1010Ω未満を示す。
半導体用静電気試験器ESS-6008(NOISE LABORATORY社製)を用い、得られた静電放電保護体に対して、最初に500Vの印加をして、50V刻みで印加電圧を上げて電流測定を行い、放電電流が流れた印加電圧を「作動電圧」として評価した。最初の500Vの印加で放電電流が計測された場合は、作動電圧を500Vとした。
静電放電保護体を、半導体用静電気試験器ESS-6008(NOISE LABORATORY社製)にとりつけ、8kVの印加電圧を与えた後、絶縁抵抗計MEGOHMMETER SM-8220を用いて、DC10V印加における抵抗値を測定した。当該抵抗値を、「耐電圧性」として以下の基準で評価した。
A:10回以上印加した後も1010Ω以上を示す
B:5~9回印加すると、105Ω未満を示す。
サンプル50mgを秤量し、50mLの蒸留水に添加し、さらに2%Triton(GEヘルスケアバイオサイエンス株式会社製の界面活性剤の商品名)水溶液0.2mlを加えて、出力150Wの超音波ホモジナイザーで3分間分散させた後、レーザー回折式粒度分布計、例えばレーザー回折式光散乱式粒度分布計(商標:マイクロトラックMT3300、日機装社製)で測定して得られた累積50質量%径で評価した。
ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーで測定し、ポリスチレン換算した値で示した。
JISK5407に準拠して測定した。
<平均アスペクト比>
サンプル1gを秤量し、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル3gを加えて、出力150Wの超音波ホモジナイザーで3分間分散させた後、アクリル樹脂(商品名アクリック#2000 関西ペイント株式会社製)10gを加えて攪拌し、イミドフィルムに塗布し、150℃で5分間硬化させた。この硬化物の断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(商標:JSM-5500LV、日本電子製)で1000~2000倍で観察し、任意に選択した10個の一次粒子の最も長い軸(長辺)の長さ(L)と最も短い軸(短辺)の長さ(d)を測定して、平均アスペクト比(L/d)を評価した。
実施例で用いた静電放電保護体C1~C11は、以下のように製造した。
実施例で用いた静電放電保護体D1~D11は、以下にように製造した。
約15mm角、肉厚75μmのポリイミドフィルム「UPILEX 75S 宇部興産(株)製」に、約3mm角の四角の孔を、0.5mmの間隔で2つ開ける。約10mm角に裁断した銅張積層板を2枚用意し、銅張側が孔に向くように、孔1つに対して1枚張り合わせる。2枚の銅張積層板は互いに接触しないように設置する。ポリイミドフィルムの2つの孔を跨ぐように、実施例で得られた各放電ギャップ充填用組成物を、針先が直径2mmで平坦なニードルを用いて塗布し、150℃恒温器内で60分保持して放電ギャップ充填部材を形成し、図4や図5に示す構造を有する静電放電保護体を作成した。
当該アルミ粒子の表面を、以下のとおり金属アルコキシドの加水分解生成物からなる膜で被覆した。金属アルコキシドとしては、テトラエトキシシランを用いた。
昭和アルミパウダー社製の薄片状のアルミ粒子(商品名:2173、固形分65%、平均アスペクト比:68、平均粒子径:9μm)を76gおよびテトラエトキシシラン16.5gをプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル400gに分散させ、110℃、2時間加熱した。この分散液を室温まで放冷した後、イオン交換水180gおよび25質量%アンモニア水を12g添加して1時間攪拌した。さらに、イオン交換水360gとアンモニア水を20g加えて1時間攪拌したのち、該反応液をろ過してアルミニウムケーキを得て、さらに、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルで、得られたアルミニウムケーキを3回洗浄した。洗浄したアルミニウムケーキをトリアセチン500gに再び分散し、110℃90分間加熱したのち、室温まで放冷した。その後、該反応液をろ過してアルミニウムケーキを得て、さらに、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートで、得られたアルミニウムケーキを3回洗浄した。その後、40℃で溶剤を飛散させて、アルミニウム固形分が41質量%のプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルおよび水を含むペースト(以下「アルミパウダー含有ペーストA1-2」という。)にした。
硬化剤添加前のバインダー成分(B)として、熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂を以下のように合成した。
[実施例1]
<放電ギャップ充填用組成物の調製>
調製したアルミパウダー含有ペーストA1-1(固形分41質量%)48.8g、昭和アルミパウダー社製の薄片状アルミニウム粉末A2-1(商品名:576PS、平均粒子径:20μm、固形分65質量%、平均アスペクト比:23)13.2g、合成例で調製した熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂溶液(固形分45質量%)37.8g、硬化剤としてジャパンエポキシレジン社製エポキシ樹脂(商品名:JER604)を1.9g加えて、ホモジナイザーを用いて2000rpmで15分間攪拌して、放電ギャップ充填用組成物1を得た。
放電ギャップ充填用組成物1を用いて前記方法で静電放電保護体C1および静電放電保護体D1を得て、通常作動時の絶縁性、作動電圧、耐電圧性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例2]
<放電ギャップ充填用組成物の調製>
調製したアルミパウダー含有ペーストA1-1(固形分41質量%)48.8g、東洋アルミパウダー社製の球状アルミニウム粉末A2-2(商品名:08-0076、平均粒子径:6.8μm、固形分99質量%、平均アスペクト比:1)20.2g、合成例で調製した熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂溶液(固形分45質量%)43.3g、およびプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート40gを加え、硬化剤としてJER604を2.0g加えて、ホモジナイザーを用いて2000rpmで15分間攪拌して、放電ギャップ充填用組成物2を得た。
放電ギャップ充填用組成物2を用いて前記方法で静電放電保護体C2および静電放電保護体D2を得て、通常作動時の絶縁性、作動電圧、耐電圧性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例3]
<放電ギャップ充填用組成物の調製>
調製したアルミパウダー含有ペーストA1-2(固形分41質量%)48.8g、大和金属粉工業社製の薄片状アルミニウム粉末A2-3(商品名:40、平均粒子径:65μm、固形分99質量%、平均アスペクト比:10)5.1g、合成例で調製した熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂溶液(固形分45質量%)33.3g、およびトリアセチン45gを加え、硬化剤としてJER604を1.7g加えて、ホモジナイザーを用いて2000rpmで15分間攪拌して、放電ギャップ充填用組成物3を得た。
放電ギャップ充填用組成物3を用いて前記方法で静電放電保護体C3および静電放電保護体D3を得て、通常作動時の絶縁性、作動電圧、耐電圧性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例4]
<放電ギャップ充填用組成物の調製>
調製したアルミパウダー含有ペーストA1-2(固形分41質量%)48.8g、昭和アルミパウダー社製の薄片状アルミニウム粉末A2-4(商品名:552N、平均粒子径:24μm、固形分65質量%、平均アスペクト比:31)13.2g、合成例で調製した熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂溶液(固形分45質量%)37.8g、硬化剤としてJER604を1.9g加えて、ホモジナイザーを用いて2000rpmで15分間攪拌して、放電ギャップ充填用組成物4を得た。
放電ギャップ充填用組成物4を用いて前記方法で静電放電保護体C4および静電放電保護体D4を得て、通常作動時の絶縁性、作動電圧、耐電圧性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例5]
<放電ギャップ充填用組成物の調製>
調製したアルミパウダー含有ペーストA1-1(固形分41質量%)48.8g、昭和アルミパウダー社製の薄片状アルミニウム粉末A2-5(商品名:205N、平均粒子径:6μm、固形分65質量%、平均アスペクト比:17)13.2g、合成例で調製した
熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂溶液(固形分45質量%)37.8g、硬化剤としてJER604を1.9g加えて、ホモジナイザーを用いて2000rpmで15分間攪拌して、放電ギャップ充填用組成物5を得た。
放電ギャップ充填用組成物5を用いて前記方法で静電放電保護体C5および静電放電保護体D5を得て、通常作動時の絶縁性、作動電圧、耐電圧性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例6]
<放電ギャップ充填用組成物の調製>
調製したアルミパウダー含有ペーストA1-1(固形分41質量%)48.8g、昭和アルミパウダー社製の薄片状アルミニウム粉末A2-6(商品名:SL850、平均粒子径:23μm、固形分65質量%、平均アスペクト比:28)13.2g、合成例で調製した熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂溶液(固形分45質量%)37.8g、硬化剤としてJER604を1.9g加えて、ホモジナイザーを用いて2000rpmで15分間攪拌して、放電ギャップ充填用組成物6を得た。
放電ギャップ充填用組成物6を用いて前記方法で静電放電保護体C6および静電放電保護体D6を得て、通常作動時の絶縁性、作動電圧、耐電圧性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例7]
<放電ギャップ充填用組成物の調製>
調製したアルミパウダー含有ペーストA1-1(固形分41質量%)48.8g、昭和アルミパウダー社製の薄片状アルミニウム粉末A2-7(商品名:LB582、平均粒子径:23μm、固形分65質量%、平均アスペクト比:9)13.2g、合成例で調製した熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂溶液(固形分45質量%)37.8g、硬化剤としてJER604を1.9g加えて、ホモジナイザーを用いて2000rpmで15分間攪拌して、放電ギャップ充填用組成物7を得た。
放電ギャップ充填用組成物7を用いて前記方法で静電放電保護体C7および静電放電保護体D7を得て、通常作動時の絶縁性、作動電圧、耐電圧性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
[比較例1]
<放電ギャップ充填用組成物の調製>
昭和アルミパウダー社製の薄片状アルミニウム粉末(商品名:576PS、平均粒子径:20μm、固形分65質量%、平均アスペクト比:23)を添加せず、アルミパウダー含有ペーストA1-1のみ 69.7gを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、放電ギャップ充填用組成物8を得た。
放電ギャップ充填用組成物8を用いて前記方法で静電放電保護体C8および静電放電保護体D8を得て、通常作動時の絶縁性、作動電圧、耐電圧性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
[比較例2]
<放電ギャップ充填用組成物の調製>
アルミパウダー含有ペーストA1-1を添加せず、昭和アルミパウダー社製の薄片状アルミニウム粉末A2-1(商品名:576PS、平均粒子径:20μm、固形分65質量%、平均アスペクト比:23)のみ 44.4gを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、放電ギャップ充填用組成物9を得た。
放電ギャップ充填用組成物9を用いて前記方法で静電放電保護体C9および静電放電保護体D9を得て、通常作動時の絶縁性、作動電圧、耐電圧性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
[比較例3]
<放電ギャップ充填用組成物の調製>
薄片状アルミニウム粉末の代わりに、日興リカ(株)製のスパイク状ニッケル粉末A2-8(商品名:ニッケルパウダー#123、平均粒子径5μm、固形分99質量%、平均アスペクト比:1)17.2gを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、放電ギャップ充填用組成物10を得た。
放電ギャップ充填用組成物10を用いて前記方法で静電放電保護体C10および静電放電保護体D10を得て、通常作動時の絶縁性、作動電圧、耐電圧性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
[比較例4]
<静電放電保護体の作製および評価>
放電ギャップ充填用組成物を放電ギャップに充填しない静電放電保護体C11および静電放電保護体D11を得て、通常作動時の絶縁性、作動電圧、耐電圧性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
12A・・電極
12B・・電極
13・・・放電ギャップ充填部材
14・・・放電ギャップ
21・・・静電放電保護体
22A・・電極
22B・・電極
23・・・放電ギャップ充填部材
24・・・放電ギャップ
31・・・静電放電保護体
32A・・電極
32B・・電極
33・・・放電ギャップ充填部材
34・・・放電ギャップ
35・・・保護層
41・・・静電放電保護体
42A・・導電体(露出部が電極)
42B・・導電体(露出部が電極)
43・・・絶縁基材
44・・・放電ギャップ充填部材
45A・・絶縁基材の孔
45B・・絶縁基材の孔
46・・・放電ギャップの幅
Claims (19)
- 金属粉末(A1)、アルミニウム粉末(A2)およびバインダー成分(B)を含み、
前記金属粉末(A1)が、金属の一次粒子の表面の少なくとも一部が金属アルコキシドの加水分解生成物からなる膜で被覆されたものであり、
前記アルミニウム粉末(A2)が、アルミニウムの一次粒子の表面が金属アルコキシドの加水分解生成物からなる膜で被覆されていないものであることを特徴とする放電ギャップ充填用組成物。 - 金属粉末(A1)の金属の一次粒子の形状およびアルミニウム粉末(A2)の一次粒子の形状が、いずれも薄片状であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
- 金属粉末(A1)の金属の一次粒子の平均粒子径が1~15μmであり、かつアルミニウム粉末(A2)の一次粒子の平均粒子径が5~70μmであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
- 前記金属粉末(A1)の金属の金属元素が、マンガン、ニオブ、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム、タンタル、モリブデン、バナジウム、ニッケル、コバルト、クロム、マグネシウム、チタンまたはアルミニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
- 前記金属粉末(A1)の金属の金属元素が、アルミニウムであることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
- 放電ギャップ充填用組成物中の金属粉末(A1)とアルミニウム粉末(A2)との質量比が98:2~20:80であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
- 前記一般式(1)におけるMが、ケイ素、チタン、ジルコニウム、タンタルまたはハフニウムであることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
- 前記金属粉末(A1)および/またはアルミニウム粉末(A2)における金属の一次粒子の表面に自己酸化膜が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
- 前記バインダー成分(B)が、熱硬化性化合物または活性エネルギー線硬化性化合物を含むことを特徴とすることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
- 前記バインダー成分(B)が、熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂を含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
- 放電ギャップ充填用組成物の固形分中の金属粉末(A1)および金属粉末(A2)の合計の含有量が3~95質量%であり、バインダー(B)の含有量が5~97質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物。
- 少なくとも2つの電極と、前記2つの電極間に放電ギャップとを有する静電放電保護体であって、
請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の放電ギャップ充填用組成物を前記放電ギャップに充填して形成される放電ギャップ充填部材を有することを特徴とする静電放電保護体。 - 前記放電ギャップの幅が300μm以上1mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の静電放電保護体。
- 前記放電ギャップ充填部材の表面に保護層が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項13または14に記載の静電放電保護体。
- 請求項13~15のいずれか一項に記載の静電放電保護体を有する電子回路基板。
- 請求項13~15のいずれか一項に記載の静電放電保護体を有するフレキシブル電子回路基板。
- 請求項13~15のいずれか一項に記載の静電放電保護体を有するICチップ搭載用基板。
- 請求項16に記載の電子回路基板、請求項17に記載のフレキシブル電子回路基板または請求項18に記載のICチップ搭載用基板を有する電子機器。
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JP2017509151A (ja) * | 2014-02-18 | 2017-03-30 | エプコス アクチエンゲゼルシャフトEpcos Ag | 過電圧保護素子及び過電圧保護素子の製造方法 |
CN106793594A (zh) * | 2015-11-22 | 2017-05-31 | 宏达国际电子股份有限公司 | 电子装置与生理特征辨识模块 |
CN106893262A (zh) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-06-27 | 西安理工大学 | 一种高强度抗紫外老化的环氧树脂复合材料及其制备方法 |
WO2023243621A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-12-21 | 株式会社スリーボンド | 導電性樹脂組成物およびその硬化物 |
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