WO2013127168A1 - 一种三维负泊松比间隔针织物及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种三维负泊松比间隔针织物及其制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013127168A1
WO2013127168A1 PCT/CN2012/081390 CN2012081390W WO2013127168A1 WO 2013127168 A1 WO2013127168 A1 WO 2013127168A1 CN 2012081390 W CN2012081390 W CN 2012081390W WO 2013127168 A1 WO2013127168 A1 WO 2013127168A1
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Prior art keywords
fabric
ratio
negative poisson
dimensional
knitted fabric
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PCT/CN2012/081390
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡红
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香港纺织及成衣研发中心有限公司
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Priority to US14/239,255 priority Critical patent/US9475257B2/en
Publication of WO2013127168A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013127168A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/026—Knitted fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/10—Open-work fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/20—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting articles of particular configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C15/00—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/01—Surface features
    • D10B2403/012—Alike front and back faces
    • D10B2403/0122—Smooth surfaces, e.g. laminated or coated
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/021—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/45—Knit fabric is characterized by a particular or differential knit pattern other than open knit fabric or a fabric in which the strand denier is specified

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of textiles and relates to a three-dimensional spacer knitted fabric, and more particularly to a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the negative Poisson's ratio material When the material in the same plane of the Poisson's material is bent in one direction, it is reversely bent to produce a saddle-shaped effect (as shown in Fig. 2b).
  • the above properties limit the application of positive Poisson's ratio materials in the manufacture of outdoor protective clothing. Many body structures of the human body are curved in the same direction, so the normal bending performance of the negative Poisson's ratio is very useful.
  • the negative Poisson's ratio material is applied to the knee pads, elbow pads and the like of the outdoor protective clothing, it can be formed into a spherical shape by bending in the same direction as the bending of the knees and the elbows, so that the protective clothing is more flexible to move.
  • the negative Poisson's ratio material also has excellent anti-concavity and energy absorption properties.
  • US 2011/0046715 A1 and WO 2009/002479 A1 describes a series of warp-knitted mesh fabrics, some of which have a negative Poisson's ratio effect, but these fabrics have a relatively large mesh structure and therefore can only be used for some special purposes, but not as ordinary fabrics.
  • the resilience of these fabrics is poor, and the negative Poisson's ratio effect disappears under repeated stretching, and it is difficult to return to the initial state after the fabric is deformed, so the practical value is low.
  • WO 2010/125397 A1 describes another type of warp-knit negative Poisson's ratio fabric.
  • Such a fabric is formed by two yarns having a large difference in modulus, wherein a lower modulus yarn is used as the ground structure, and a higher modulus yarn is used as the weft insertion yarn, which is formed on the ground tissue.
  • a concave quadrilateral-based structure produces a negative Poisson's ratio effect.
  • These fabrics exhibit a positive Poisson's ratio effect when stretched in the warp and weft directions, and only have a negative negative Poisson's ratio effect when obliquely stretched, and the negative Poisson's ratio effect can only be achieved at a small tensile strain. Realized (less than 10%).
  • the prior art negative Poisson's ratio fabrics are based on warp knit construction and weaving techniques.
  • the negative Poisson made in this way is more difficult to weave than the fabric, and the negative Poisson's ratio effect is not obvious and unstable, and the rebound resilience of the fabric is poor, which limits the application of this type of fabric. .
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a simple manufacturing process for the defects of the prior art, such as the difficulty of weaving of the negative Poisson's ratio fabric, the insignificant and unstable Poisson's ratio effect, and the poor resilience performance.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: providing a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric, comprising: a first surface layer fabric, a second surface layer fabric, and the first surface layer fabric and the first A spacer layer of two skin fabrics joined together, the first skin fabric and the second skin fabric being a skin structure having a negative Poisson's ratio effect.
  • the first surface layer fabric and the second surface layer fabric have a plurality of adjacent V-shaped repeating units.
  • the first surface layer fabric and the second surface layer fabric are a concave quadrilateral mesh structure, a concave hexagonal mesh structure, a rotating triangular mesh structure, a rotating square mesh structure, Rotating rectangular mesh structure, star-shaped honeycomb mesh structure or chiral honeycomb mesh structure.
  • the first surface layer fabric and the second surface layer fabric are composed of thermoplastic fibers, and the spacer yarn layer is woven from polyester monofilament or other chemical fiber monofilament.
  • a method of fabricating a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric comprising the steps of:
  • the three-dimensional mesh spacer fabric is joined by the first skin layer, the second skin layer, and the first skin layer and the second skin layer.
  • the spacer layer is composed of a first surface layer and a second skin layer woven from thermoplastic fibers, and the spacer yarn layer is woven from polyester monofilament or other chemical fiber monofilament.
  • the thermoplastic fiber is a polyester fiber, a polyethylene fiber, a polypropylene fiber or a polyamide fiber.
  • the mesh structure of the three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric is a hexagonal mesh structure, a positive mesh structure or a rectangular mesh structure.
  • the planar direction is divided into a warp direction and a weft direction, and the base fabric is compressed and/or stretched in the plane direction.
  • the base fabric is subjected to warp direction compression and weft direction stretching; or the base fabric is subjected to warp direction stretching and weft direction compression.
  • the surface layer structure of the base fabric is maintained by the coating to have the negative Poisson's ratio effect described in the step S1.
  • the invention can obtain the following beneficial effects: (1)
  • the three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric selected by the invention is a common fabric, has low cost and mature weaving process, and is convenient for controlling the cost control of the invention; (2) the manufacturing method of the invention is only
  • the utility model relates to a compression or stretching process and a heat setting process, which is simple in operation and convenient to implement; (3) the negative Poisson's ratio effect of the three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric of the invention is remarkable, and can reach negative 2 to negative 5, and is pulled.
  • the three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric of the present invention has good resilience, and can still return to its original shape after multiple stretching and maintain negative Poisson. Specific effect.
  • Figure 1a is a schematic view of the stretching of the Poisson's ratio material, wherein the dotted frame represents the contour of the object before stretching, and the solid frame represents the contour of the object after stretching;
  • Figure 1b is a schematic view of the stretching of the negative Poisson's ratio material, wherein the dotted frame represents the contour of the object before stretching, and the solid frame represents the contour of the object after stretching;
  • Figure 2a is a schematic view showing the bending of a negative Poisson's ratio material
  • Figure 2b is a schematic view showing the bending of the Poisson's ratio material
  • Figure 3a is a schematic illustration of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 3b is an enlarged schematic view of A in Figure 3a;
  • Figure 3c is a schematic illustration of a repeating unit of a skin structure of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing deformation of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric according to the present invention when stretched;
  • Figure 5a is a schematic view showing the surface structure of a concave quadrilateral mesh structure of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric according to the present invention
  • Figure 5b is a schematic view showing the surface structure of a concave hexagonal mesh structure of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric according to the present invention
  • Figure 5c is a schematic view showing the surface structure of a concave triangular mesh structure of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5d is a schematic view showing the surface structure of a rotating quadrilateral mesh structure of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric according to the present invention
  • Figure 5e is a schematic view showing the surface structure of a rotating rectangular mesh structure of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5f is a schematic view showing the surface structure of a star-shaped honeycomb mesh structure of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5g is a schematic view showing the surface structure of a chiral honeycomb mesh structure of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6a is a schematic illustration of a hexagonal mesh structure of a three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 6b is a schematic illustration of a rectangular mesh structure of a three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 6c is a schematic illustration of a square mesh structure of a three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the variation of the negative Poisson's ratio with tensile strain of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8a is a schematic view showing the surface structure of a three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric before compression according to the hexagonal mesh structure of the present invention
  • Figure 8b is a schematic view showing the surface structure of a three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric compressed according to the hexagonal mesh structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 9a is a schematic view of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric in an unstretched state according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9b is a schematic view of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric in a stretched state according to the present invention.
  • Figure 10a is a schematic view of the conformality of a three-dimensional positive Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric
  • Figure 10b is a schematic illustration of the conformability of a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric.
  • the invention defines the direction as follows: in the planar direction, the direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fabric is the weft direction, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fabric is the warp direction.
  • the method of fabricating the three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric of the present invention comprises the steps of:
  • Step 1 Weaving three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric
  • the polyester multifilament yarn is used as the surface fabric yarn and the polyester monofilament is used as the spacer yarn layer, and the three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric shown in Fig. 8a is woven by the weaving process of the three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric in the prior art, and the three-dimensional negative knitted fabric is produced as a three-dimensional negative fabric.
  • the three-dimensional mesh spacer fabric is comprised of a first skin layer, a second skin layer, and a spacer yarn layer joining the first skin layer and the second skin layer together.
  • the first skin layer and/or the second skin layer of the three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric of the preferred embodiment has a hexagonal mesh structure.
  • the base fabric obtained in the step 1 has a thickness of 7.88 mm. In the hexagonal structure of the surface layer, the length of the two long sides parallel to the warp direction is 5.84 mm, and the length of the other four short sides is 2.48 mm.
  • Step 2 Make the base fabric produce a surface structure with a negative Poisson's ratio effect
  • the base fabric is compressed along the warp direction of the base fabric.
  • the surface structure of the base fabric changes due to the structural characteristics and edge effects of the fabric surface, and the original hexagon changes to a mesh formed by parallelograms as shown in FIG. 8b. Structure; two parallelogram structures further form the smallest V-shaped repeating unit. This mesh structure has a negative Poisson's ratio effect.
  • Figure 8b shows the structure of a surface fabric having a negative Poisson's ratio effect.
  • the V-shaped repeating unit is composed of the following segments: first segment 3-4, second segment 4-5, third segment 5-6, fourth segment 6-7, Fifth paragraph 7-12, sixth paragraph 11-12, seventh paragraph 10-11, eighth paragraph 9-10, ninth paragraph 8-9, tenth paragraph 7-8 and tenth paragraph 3-8.
  • the first paragraph 3-4, the second paragraph 4-5, the fourth paragraph 6-7, the sixth paragraph 11-12, the seventh paragraph 10-11, the ninth paragraph 8-9 and the tenth paragraph 7-8 The lengths are the same; the remaining segments (third segment 5-6, fifth segment 7-12, eighth segment 9-10, and eleventh segment 3-8) are the same length.
  • first segment 3-4, the fourth segment 6-7, the sixth segment 11-12 and the ninth segment 8-9 are parallel to each other; the second segment 4-5, the tenth segment 7-8 and the seventh segment 10-11 are parallel to each other; the third segment 5-6 is parallel to the eleventh segment 3-8; and the fifth segment 7-12 is parallel to the eighth segment 9-10.
  • the fabric structure size perpendicular to the compression or stretching direction can be made by the rotation, bending and elongation of the above segments. Increase to achieve the desired negative Poisson's ratio effect.
  • Step 3 Heat setting the fabric with negative Poisson's ratio effect
  • the fabric After compressing the base fabric along the warp direction of the base fabric to obtain a base fabric having a negative Poisson's ratio effect as shown in Fig. 8b, the fabric is heat-set, the setting time is 5 minutes, and the setting temperature is 200 ° C, thereby obtaining A three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric as shown in Figure 3a.
  • the three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric comprises a first surface layer fabric 11, a second surface layer fabric 12, and a spacer yarn layer joining the first surface layer fabric 11 and the second surface layer fabric 12 together. 2.
  • the first top layer fabric 11 and the second top layer fabric 12 have a negative Poisson's ratio effect (see enlarged view of Fig. 3b).
  • the negative Poisson's ratio material has the property of being the same as the forward Poisson's ratio material, and the three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric produced by the preferred embodiment of the present invention is subjected to a tensile test and suitable for the purpose. A shape test was performed to verify the negative Poisson's ratio effect of the fabric made using the present invention.
  • Fig. 9a is a schematic view of the three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric of the present invention in an unstretched state
  • Fig. 9b is a schematic view showing the stretched state of the three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric of the present invention.
  • the fabric when the fabric is stretched in the weft direction, its dimension perpendicular to the stretching direction is broadened, exhibiting a significant negative Poisson's ratio effect.
  • the negative Poisson's ratio effect of the fabric under different degrees of stretching was tested to obtain a variation curve of the negative Poisson's ratio effect as shown in FIG.
  • test method using "Development Of Auxetic Fabrics Using Flat Knitting Technology” ( Hong Hu et al., Textile The test method in the article, Research Journal, 2011, 81 (14), 1493-1502), but the test instrument uses an Instron tensile tester.
  • the three-dimensional negative Poisson's spacer knitted fabric of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the prior art three-dimensional Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric were placed on an object having a certain curvature to observe the conformality of the two fabrics.
  • the three-dimensional Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric exhibits a near saddle-shaped effect with its edges sagging and the final shape does not conform to the curvature of the object.
  • the three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric of the present invention exhibits excellent conformability, which is finally in a state of being adapted to the curvature of the object.
  • the three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric produced in the preferred embodiment of the present invention has a negative Poisson's ratio effect due to the negative Poisson's ratio effect of the first surface layer fabric and the second surface layer fabric, and Good conformability.
  • weft compression on a three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric, or by warp or weft stretching of a three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric, or by simultaneously knit a three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric.
  • Three-dimensional meshing is performed by warp and weft compression or stretching, or by warp and weft stretching of a three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric, or by warp stretching and weft compression of a three-dimensional mesh spacer knitted fabric.
  • the surface structure of the spacer knitted fabric changes to form a surface structure having a negative Poisson's ratio effect.
  • a base fabric of a forward mesh structure or a rectangular mesh structure may be used. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can use a base fabric having any mesh structure as needed, as long as the base fabric can form a mesh structure having a negative Poisson's ratio effect by compression or stretching.
  • the surface structure having the negative Poisson's ratio effect in the present invention may also be a concave quadrilateral mesh structure (Fig. 5a) and a concave hexagonal mesh structure (Fig. 5) 5b), rotating triangular mesh structure (Fig. 5c), rotating square mesh structure (Fig. 5d), rotating rectangular mesh structure (Fig. 5e), star-shaped honeycomb mesh structure (Fig. 5f) or chiral honeycomb mesh structure (Fig. 5g ).
  • the material of the present invention for weaving the first surface layer fabric and the second surface layer fabric is not limited to the polyester multifilament.
  • Those skilled in the art can select any other suitable thermoplastic fiber, such as polyester fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber or polyamide fiber, etc. according to actual needs.
  • the material used to woven the spacer layer of the present invention may use other chemical fiber monofilaments in addition to the polyester monofilament.
  • the first skin fabric of the present invention and the second skin fabric may have the same or different skin structure, or a symmetric or asymmetrical skin structure. It can be understood that since the surface structure having the negative Poisson's ratio effect is not unique, the surface structure of the first surface layer fabric and the second surface layer fabric can be variously selected.
  • the coating may be, for example, a polyurethane, but is not limited to a polyurethane, and may also be used, for example, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a urea resin, a silicone resin, an unsaturated polyester, an acrylic resin, a cellulose ester, an alkene compound, a poly Ester, polyether, polyamide, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl chloride, natural rubber, and synthetic rubbers such as neoprene and styrene-butadiene rubber. Spray and brush the two skin layers of the spacer fabric with suitable operating viscosity.
  • the cured coating enables the spacer fabric to maintain a negative Poisson's ratio effect.
  • the coating is applied only to the surface of the yarn and maintains the original fabric void.
  • the present invention is not limited to the operating viscosity at the time of performing the coating operation, and the curing temperature at the time of curing.
  • the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric used in the present invention has the advantages of low cost and simple operation; the negative Poisson's ratio effect of the three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio spacer knitted fabric of the present invention is remarkable and back It has good elasticity and can be used for making knee pads and elbow pads for outdoor protective clothing, and has high practical value.

Abstract

本发明属于纺织领域，并公开了一种三维负泊松比间隔针织物及其制作方法，该三维负泊松比间隔针织物包括第一表层织物、第二表层织物以及将第一表层织物与第二表层织物连接在一起的间隔纱层，第一表层织物和第二表层织物为具有负泊松比效应的表层结构；该制作方法包括：以三维网眼间隔针织物为基础织物，对该基础织物进行平面方向的压缩或拉伸，使基础织物形成具有负泊松比效应的表层结构；以及通过热定型方法使该基础织物的表层结构保持有上述步骤中的负泊松比效应，得到三维负泊松比间隔针织物。本发明的制作方法成本低且操作简单；本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的负泊松比效应显著且回弹性良好，实际应用价值高。

Description

一种三维负泊松比间隔针织物及其制作方法 技术领域
本发明属于纺织领域，涉及一种三维间隔针织物，更具体的，涉及一种三维负泊松比间隔针织物及其制作方法。
背景技术
在日常生活中，我们所见到的材料几乎都是正泊松比材料，例如橡皮和布料。这些材料在受到拉伸时，其垂直于拉伸方向的尺寸会变窄（如图1a所示）；而负泊松比材料与此正好相反，它们在受到拉伸时，垂直于拉伸方向的尺寸会变宽 (如图1b所示) 。负泊松比材料比较罕见，却拥有许多优于正泊松比材料的性能，例如同向弯曲性（如图2a所示，同一平面内的材料受力时，垂直方向发生相同方向的弯曲）。而正泊松比材料同一平面内的该材料在一个方向受力弯曲时发生反向弯曲而产生马鞍形效应（如图2b所示）。上述性质限制了正泊松比材料在制作户外防护服等方面的应用。人体许多身体结构都是同向弯曲形状，因此负泊松比的同向弯曲性能非常有用。当将负泊松比材料应用于户外防护服的护膝、护肘等部位时，其可随着膝盖和肘部的弯曲发生同向弯曲而形成球面状，这样使防护服运动起来更加灵活。另外，负泊松比材料还具有优良的防内凹性和能量吸收性能。
由于负泊松比材料的独特性能，自从1987年首次报道人工合成负泊松比材料以来，其人工合成研究已经成为材料领域的一个研究热点。近年来，用纺织结构、特别是针织物结构来实现负泊松比效应也已受到人们的关注。
US 2011/0046715 A1和WO 2009/002479 A1描述了一系列经编网眼织物，这些织物中的一些具有负泊松比效应，但这些织物具有比较大的网眼结构，因此只能适用于一些特殊用途，而不能作为普通织物。另外，这些织物的回弹性差，在反复拉伸作用下负泊松比效应会消失，织物变形后很难回到初始状态，因此实用价值较低。
WO 2010/125397 A1描述了另一类经编针织负泊松比织物。这类织物由两种模量相差较大的纱线形成，其中模量较低的纱线用作地组织，模量较高的纱线用作衬纬纱线，通过在地组织上形成以内凹四边形为基础的结构来产生负泊松比效应。这类织物沿经纬向拉伸时均显示正泊松比效应，只有斜向拉伸时才产生较低的负泊松比效应，而且负泊松比效应只能在较小的拉伸应变下实现（低于10%）。
US 2008/0011021 A1和WO 2008/016690 A2描述了与WO 2010/125397 A1相类似的一类经编针织负泊松比织物。这类织物以三角形网眼结构形成的内凹四边形为基础，形成负泊松比效应，但同样地负泊松比效应不显著。
由以上相关申请可看出，现有技术中的负泊松比织物都是基于经编针织结构和编织技术。这样制成的负泊松比织物编织困难，且负泊松比效应不明显、不稳定，而且这种织物的回弹性能差，限制了这类型织物的应用 。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术中的负泊松比织物的编织困难、负泊松比效应不明显且不稳定、以及回弹性能差等缺陷，提供一种制作工艺简单、负泊松比效应显著且稳定、以及回弹性能好的三维负泊松比间隔针织物及其制作方法。
本发明要解决的技术问题通过以下技术方案得以实现：提供一种三维负泊松比间隔针织物，其中，包括第一表层织物、第二表层织物以及将所述第一表层织物与所述第二表层织物连接在一起的间隔纱层，所述第一表层织物和所述第二表层织物为具有负泊松比效应的表层结构。
在上述三维负泊松比间隔针织物中，所述第一表层织物和所述第二表层织物具有多个相邻接的V形重复单元。
在上述三维负泊松比间隔针织物中，所述第一表层织物和所述第二表层织物为内凹四边形网眼结构、内凹六边形网眼结构、旋转三角形网眼结构、旋转正方形网眼结构、旋转长方形网眼结构、星形蜂窝状网眼结构或手性蜂窝状网眼结构。
在上述三维负泊松比间隔针织物中，所述第一表层织物和所述第二表层织物由热塑性纤维组成，所述间隔纱层由涤纶单丝或其它化学纤维单丝织造而成。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法，其中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S1：以三维网眼间隔针织物为基础织物，对所述基础织物进行平面方向的压缩和/或拉伸，使所述基础织物形成具有负泊松比效应的表层结构；以及
S2：通过热定型方法使所述基础织物的表层结构保持有步骤S1中所述的负泊松比效应，得到所述三维负泊松比间隔针织物。
在上述三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法中，在所述步骤S1中，所述三维网眼间隔织物由第一表层、第二表层以及将所述第一表层和第二表层连接在一起的间隔纱层构成，所述第一表层和第二表层由热塑性纤维织造而成，所述间隔纱层由涤纶单丝或其它化学纤维单丝织造而成。
在上述三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法中，所述热塑性纤维是聚酯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维或聚酰胺纤维。
在上述三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法中，在所述步骤S1中，所述三维网眼间隔针织物的网眼结构为六边形网眼结构、正方向网眼结构或长方形网眼结构。
在上述三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法中，在所述步骤S1中，所述平面方向分为经向与纬向，对所述基础织物进行平面方向的压缩和/或拉伸指：
对所述基础织物进行经向压缩或纬向压缩；或者对所述基础织物进行经向拉伸或纬向拉伸；或者对所述基础织物同时沿经向和纬向压缩或拉伸；或者对所述基础织物进行经向压缩和纬向拉伸；或者对所述基础织物进行经向拉伸和纬向压缩。
在上述三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法中，在所述步骤S2中，通过涂层使所述基础织物的表层结构保持有步骤S1中所述的负泊松比效应。
实施本发明可以获得以下有益效果：（1）本发明所选用的三维网眼间隔针织物为常用织物，成本低且织造工艺成熟，便于控制本发明的成本控制；（2）本发明的制作方法仅涉及压缩或拉伸处理以及热定型工艺，操作简单，便于实施；（3）本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的负泊松比效应显著，可达到负2到负5，而且在拉伸度达到95%时仍有负泊松比效应；（4）本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的回弹性良好，多次拉伸后仍能回复其原来的形状并保持负泊松比效应。
附图说明
以下将结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。附图中：
图1a是正泊松比材料的拉伸示意图，其中虚线框代表拉伸前的物体轮廓，实线框代表拉伸后的物体轮廓；
图1b是负泊松比材料的拉伸示意图，其中虚线框代表拉伸前的物体轮廓，实线框代表拉伸后的物体轮廓；
图2a是负泊松比材料的弯曲示意图；
图2b是正泊松比材料的弯曲示意图；
图3a是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的示意图；
图3b是图3a中A处的放大示意图；
图3c是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的表层结构的重复单元的示意图；
图4是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物受拉伸时的变形示意图；
图5a是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的内凹四边形网眼结构的表层结构的示意图；
图5b是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的内凹六边形网眼结构的表层结构的示意图；
图5c是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的内凹三角形网眼结构的表层结构的示意图；
图5d是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的旋转四边形网眼结构的表层结构的示意图；
图5e是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的旋转长方形网眼结构的表层结构的示意图；
图5f是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的星形蜂窝状网眼结构的表层结构的示意图；
图5g是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的手性蜂窝状网眼结构的表层结构的示意图；
图6a是根据本发明的三维网眼间隔针织物的六边形网眼结构的示意图；
图6b是根据本发明的三维网眼间隔针织物的长方形网眼结构的示意图；
图6c是根据本发明的三维网眼间隔针织物的正方形网眼结构的示意图；
图7是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的负泊松比随拉伸应变的变化曲线；
图8a是根据本发明的六边形网眼结构的三维网眼间隔针织物压缩前的表层结构的示意图；
图8b是根据本发明的六边形网眼结构的三维网眼间隔针织物压缩后的表层结构的示意图；
图9a是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物未拉伸状态下的示意图；
图9b是根据本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物拉伸状态下的示意图；
图10a是三维正泊松比间隔针织物的适形性的示意图；
图10b是三维负泊松比间隔针织物的适形性的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明，应该理解的是，此处的具体实施例仅用于解释目的，而不会对本发明作出任何限制。
本发明对方向的定义如下：在平面方向上，与织物的纵向平行的方向为纬向，与织物的纵向垂直的方向为经向。
在优选实施例中，本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：织造三维网眼间隔针织物
采用涤纶复丝为表层织物用纱、涤纶单丝为间隔纱层用纱，采用现有技术中三维网眼间隔针织物的织造工艺织造如图8a所示的三维网眼间隔针织物，作为制作三维负泊松比间隔针织物的基础织物。三维网眼间隔织物由第一表层、第二表层以及将第一表层和第二表层连接在一起的间隔纱层构成。如图8a所示，优选实施例的三维网眼间隔针织物的第一表层和/或第二表层具有六边形网眼结构。步骤1所制得的基础织物其厚度为7.88mm。在表层的六边形结构中，平行于经向的两个长边的长度为5.84mm，其余四条短边的长度为2.48mm。
步骤2：使基础织物产生具有负泊松比效应的表层结构
沿基础织物的经向对其压缩，由于织物表层的结构特点和边缘效应，该基础织物的表层结构发生变化，由原来的六边形变为如图8b所示的由平行四边形排列而成的网眼结构；两个平行四边形结构进一步形成最小的V形重复单元。这种网眼结构具有负泊松比效应。
图8b所示即为具有负泊松比效应的表层织物的结构。参见图3c，对这一织物而言，其V形重复单元由以下各段组成：第一段3-4、第二段4-5、第三段5-6、第四段6-7、第五段7-12、第六段11-12、第七段10-11、第八段9-10、第九段8-9、第十段7-8和第十一段3-8。其中第一段3-4、第二段4-5、第四段6-7、第六段11-12、第七段10-11、第九段8-9和第十段7-8的长度相同；而其余各段（第三段5-6、第五段7-12、第八段9-10和第十一段3-8）的长度相同。进一步地，第一段3-4、第四段6-7、第六段11-12和第九段8-9相互平行；第二段4-5、第十段7-8和第七段10-11相互平行；第三段5-6与第十一段3-8相互平行；而第五段7-12与第八段9-10相互平行。如图4所示，当具有这种表层结构的织物在一个方向受到压缩或拉伸时，通过以上各段的转动、弯曲和伸长可使该织物在垂直于压缩或拉伸方向的织物结构尺寸增大，从而实现所需的负泊松比效应。
步骤3：对具有负泊松比效应的织物进行热定型处理
在沿基础织物的经向对其压缩得到如图8b所示的具有负泊松比效应的基础织物后，对该织物进行热定型处理，定型时间为5分钟，定型温度为200℃，从而获得如图3a所示的三维负泊松比间隔针织物。
从图3a可清楚看出，这一三维负泊松比间隔针织物包括第一表层织物11、第二表层织物12以及将第一表层织物11与第二表层织物12连接在一起的间隔纱层2。第一表层织物11和第二表层织物12具有负泊松比效应（见图3b的放大示意图）。
如上所述，负泊松比材料具有同向弯曲性等区别于正泊松比材料的性能，为此对本发明的优选实施例制作得到的三维负泊松比间隔针织物进行拉伸试验和适形性测试，来验证采用本发明制作的该织物的负泊松比效应。
如图9a和9b所示，图9a为本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物未拉伸状态下的示意图，图9b为本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物拉伸状态的示意图。从这两幅图中明显可看出，在沿纬向对该织物进行拉伸时，其垂直于拉伸方向的尺寸变宽，显示出明显的负泊松比效应。对不同拉伸程度下该织物的负泊松比效应进行测试，得到如图7所示的负泊松比效应的变化曲线。测试方法采用“Development of Auxetic Fabrics Using Flat Knitting Technology”（ Hong Hu et al.，Textile Research Journal, 2011, 81 (14), 1493-1502）一文中的测试方法，但测试仪器采用的是Instron拉伸仪。
将本发明优选实施例的三维负泊松比间隔针织物和现有技术的三维正泊松比间隔针织物放在具有一定曲率的物体上，观察两种织物的适形性。从图10a和10b的结果可看出，三维正泊松比间隔针织物显示出近马鞍形效应，其边缘下垂，最终形状与该物体的曲率不符。而本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物则体现出优良的适形性，其最终处于与该物体的曲率适配的状态。
因此，本发明优选实施例中制得的三维负泊松比间隔针织物由于其第一表层织物和第二表层织物具有负泊松比效应，其同样体现出显著的负泊松比效应，且适形性良好。
除了采用优选实施例的方法，还可通过对三维网眼间隔针织物进行纬向压缩、或者通过对三维网眼间隔针织物进行经向拉伸或纬向拉伸、或者通过对三维网眼间隔针织物同时沿经向和纬向压缩或拉伸、或者通过对三维网眼间隔针织物进行经向压缩与纬向拉伸、或者通过对三维网眼间隔针织物进行经向拉伸与纬向压缩来使三维网眼间隔针织物的表层结构发生变化，形成具有负泊松比效应的表层结构。
在本发明中，除了使用图8a所示的六边形网眼结构的基础织物外，还可使用正方向网眼结构或长方形网眼结构的基础织物。应该理解的是，本领域技术人员可根据实际需要使用具有任何网眼结构的基础织物，只要这种基础织物通过压缩或拉伸后可形成具有负泊松比效应的网眼结构即可。
另外，除了上述以V形重复单元为基础的表层结构外，本发明中具有负泊松比效应的表层结构还可以是内凹四边形网眼结构（图5a）、内凹六边形网眼结构（图5b）、旋转三角形网眼结构（图5c）、旋转正方形网眼结构（图5d）、旋转长方形网眼结构（图5e）、星形蜂窝状网眼结构（图5f）或手性蜂窝状网眼结构（图5g）。
另外，本发明用来织造第一表层织物和第二表层织物的材料并不受限于涤纶复丝。本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要，选择其他任何适合的热塑性纤维，例如聚酯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维或聚酰胺纤维等。本发明用来织造间隔纱层的材料除了涤纶单丝以外，还可使用其他化学纤维单丝。
本发明的第一表层织物与第二表层织物可具有相同或不同的表层结构、或者对称或不对称的表层结构。可以理解的是，由于具有负泊松比效应的表层结构并不唯一，因此第一表层织物和第二表层织物的表层结构可有多种选择。
另外，本发明还可通过涂层使压缩或拉伸处理后的基础织物保持在压缩或拉伸后的、具有负泊松比效应的形态下。所述涂层例如可采用聚氨酯，但并不限于聚氨酯，还可采用如环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂、有机硅树脂、不饱和聚酯、丙烯酸树脂、纤维素酯、烯类化合物、聚酯、聚醚、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酰胺、聚氯乙烯、天然橡胶、以及合成橡胶如氯丁橡胶和丁苯橡胶等涂料，用合适的操作粘度对间隔织物的两个表层进行喷涂、刷涂和滚涂等操作工艺，然后室温或者加热固化，固化后的涂料使间隔织物能够保持负泊松比效应形态。涂层时涂料只涂在纱线表面，并保持原有的织物空隙。本发明并不限制进行涂层操作时的操作粘度、以及固化时的固化温度。
综上所述，本发明所采用的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法具有成本低和操作简单的优点；本发明的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的负泊松比效应显著且回弹性良好，可用于制作户外防护服的护膝、护肘等部位，实际应用价值高。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种三维负泊松比间隔针织物，其特征在于，包括第一表层织物（11）、第二表层织物（12）以及将所述第一表层织物（11）与所述第二表层织物（12）连接在一起的间隔纱层（2），所述第一表层织物（11）和所述第二表层织物（12）为具有负泊松比效应的表层结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三维负泊松比间隔针织物，其特征在于，所述第一表层织物（11）和所述第二表层织物（12）具有多个相邻接的V形重复单元。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的三维负泊松比间隔针织物，其特征在于，所述第一表层织物（11）和所述第二表层织物（12）为内凹四边形网眼结构、内凹六边形网眼结构、旋转三角形网眼结构、旋转正方形网眼结构、旋转长方形网眼结构、星形蜂窝状网眼结构或手性蜂窝状网眼结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的三维负泊松比间隔针织物，其特征在于，所述第一表层织物（11）和所述第二表层织物（12）由热塑性纤维组成，所述间隔纱层（2）由涤纶单丝或其它化学纤维单丝织造而成。
  5. 一种三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    S1：以三维网眼间隔针织物为基础织物，对所述基础织物进行平面方向的压缩和/或拉伸，使所述基础织物形成具有负泊松比效应的表层结构；以及
    S2：通过热定型方法使所述基础织物的表层结构保持有步骤S1中所述的负泊松比效应，得到所述三维负泊松比间隔针织物 。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S1中，所述三维网眼间隔织物由第一表层、第二表层以及将所述第一表层和第二表层连接在一起的间隔纱层构成，所述第一表层和第二表层由热塑性纤维织造而成，所述间隔纱层由涤纶单丝或其它化学纤维单丝织造而成。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法，其特征在于，所述热塑性纤维是涤纶复丝、聚酯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维或聚酰胺纤维。
  8. 根据权利要求5或6所述的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S1中，所述三维网眼间隔针织物的网眼结构为六边形网眼结构、正方向网眼结构或长方形网眼结构。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S1中，所述平面方向分为经向与纬向，对所述基础织物进行平面方向的压缩和/或拉伸指：
    对所述基础织物进行经向压缩或纬向压缩；或者对所述基础织物进行经向拉伸或纬向拉伸；或者对所述基础织物同时沿经向和纬向压缩或拉伸；或者对所述基础织物进行经向压缩和纬向拉伸；或者对所述基础织物进行经向拉伸和纬向压缩 。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的三维负泊松比间隔针织物的制作方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S2中，通过涂层使所述基础织物的表层结构保持有步骤S1中所述的负泊松比效应。
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