WO2013114280A1

WO2013114280A1 - Panel for building, wall module for building comprising said panel and building structure thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2013114280A1
Application number: PCT/IB2013/050761
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gian Francesco Biancon
Original assignee: Polifar S.R.L.
Priority date: 2012-01-31
Filing date: 2013-01-29
Publication date: 2013-08-08
Also published as: EP2809853A1; ITPD20120024A1

Abstract

Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) for building, comprising a containment and reinforcement element (8) and a filler element (12) associated with the containment and reinforcement element (8), Advantageously, the containment and reinforcement element (8) comprises a plate (16), a plurality of spacer elements (20) moulded with said plate (16), and a reinforcement armour (24). The spacer elements (20) project from the plate (16) so as to identify a plurality of ventilation paths (28), wherein said spacer elements (20) define cavities (32) and are internally hollow. The filler element (12) is joined to the containment and reinforcement element (8) so as to fill the cavities (32) of the, spacer elements (20) and encompass said reinforcement armour (24) and relative attachment bushes (44).

Description

DESCRIPTION

Panel for building, wall module for building comprising said panel and building structure thereof" .

[0001] The present invention relates to a panel for building, wall module for building comprising said panel and building structure thereof. In particular, as described further below, the present invention relates to a structural panel for building characterised by wind bracing properties, of a formwork for overlying cement or otherwise, of a formwork for an underlying multidirectional air chamber, of attachment to a substructure without bearing stress, a wall module for building comprising said panel and building structure thereof.

[0002] In particular, the use of panels having at least two layers, of which one in cement, mechanically joined to each other, is known of in the building industry.

[0003] The known panels can be joined to a frame, vertical uprights and horizontal crossbars so as to create wall modules and building structures thereof.

[0004] The solutions of the prior art have several drawbacks and limitations.

[0005] In fact, the dry solutions of the prior art, while being quite economical, are unable to contemporarily realise a panel which is resistant to horizontal loads, so as to make a solid wind brace, and which also permit a multi-directional air chamber to be obtained.

[0006] The ventilation inside the panel is important for guaranteeing an advantageous microclimate in the air chamber of the casing and thus inside the building so as to have a mitigating effect in summer and winter. The ventilation is, in addition, useful for controlling humidity and for changing the air so as to prevent the formation of moulds, bad smells and improve the durability of the structure and above all of the wood.

[0007] As of today, the solutions of the prior art do not permit a structure to be made which is mechanically solid, especially as regards wind bracing, and which guarantees at the same time a good ventilation of its interior, with all the advantages related to such ventilation .

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned with reference to the prior art.

[0009] Such drawbacks and limitations are resolved by a wind bracing panel according to claim 1, by a wall module, ceiling or roof according to claim 22 and by a building structure according to claim 23.

[0010] Other embodiments of the present invention are described in the subsequent claims.

[0011] Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly comprehensible from the . description given below of its preferred and non-limiting embodiments, wherein:

[0012] figures la and lb show perspective views from different angles of a panel according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] figure 2 shows a ground view of the panel in figure la from the side of the arrow II in figure la;

[0014] figure 3 shows a ground view of the panel in figure la from the side of the arrow III in figure la;

[0015] figures 4a and 4b show perspective views in cross- section of the panel in figure la;

[0016] figures 5a and lb show perspective views from different angles of the enlarged particular V in figure 3;

[0017] figures 6a-6b how exploded perspective views, from different angles, of a wall module, ceiling or roof according to the present invention;

[0018] figure 7 shows a front view of the panel in the wall module in figure 6a and 6b in an assembled configuration;

[0019] figure 8 shows a cross-section view of the module in figure 7;

[0020] figure 9 shows a schematised diagram of the forces which the panel is subjected to according to the present invention .

[0021] The elements or parts of elements common to the embodiments described below will be indicated using the same reference numerals.

[0022] With reference to the aforementioned figures, reference numeral 4 globally denotes a wind bracing and ventilated panel, in particular for building.

[0023] The wind bracing and ventilated panel 4 comprises a containment and reinforcement element 8 and a filler element 12 associated with the containment and reinforcement element 8.

[0024] The filler element is for example partially illustrated in figure 2, in which it may be seen that part of the wind bracing and ventilated panel 4 is filled with said filler element 12.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the containment and reinforcement element 8 comprises a plate 16, a plurality of spacer elements 20 connected to said plate 16, and a reinforcement armour 24.

[0026] The spacer elements 20 project from the plate 16.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the spacer elements 20 are positioned substantially in a chequer-board pattern so as to be aligned parallel to a first main direction X- X and to a second Y-Y main direction perpendicular to each other, so as to identify a plurality of ventilation paths 28 directed along said main directions. The chequerboard arrangement need not be perfectly perpendicular: for example it is possible to position the spacer elements so as not to be perfectly aligned along said first and second main directions X-X and Y-Y.

[0028] The ventilation paths 28 are thus defined by said spacer elements 20 and are used to create ventilation flows inside the panel and the module or building structure which the panel is applied to.

[0029] The spacer elements 20 define cavities 32 so as to be internally hollow.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the spacer elements 20 are preferably cylindrical axis elements Z-Z perpendicular to said plate 16 and have cylindrical side walls 36 closed so as not to communicate with each other. In other words, the spacer elements are hollow glasses facing the plate 16 perpendicularly.

[0031] Cylindrical side walls 36 are taken to mean walls parallel to the same directrix, substantially perpendicular to the plate and parallel to said axis Z-Z.

[0032] According to one embodiment, the spacer elements 20 are axial symmetric to the relative axes Z-Z; for example they have a circular cross-section cylindrical pattern.

[0033] The spacer elements 20 are preferably made in one piece with the plate 16, for example by means of the same moulding.

[0034] The plate 16 is for example, but not exclusively, made from polymer and composite materials called "compound" not only loaded, for example with nylon but also with natural vegetable, animal, carbon, glass, basalt fibres etc.

[0035] The reinforcement armour 24 is associated to the plate 16 preferably on the side opposite said spacer elements 20.

[0036] For example, the reinforcement armour 24 may be laid directly on the plate 16, on the side opposite the spacer elements 20.

[0037] Preferably, the reinforcement armour 24 is moulded together with the plate 16 and the spacer elements 20 so as to be in one piece therewith: for example a single body may be made in polymer materials and composites called "compound" by moulding with moulds, even without an undercut .

[0038] According to one embodiment, the reinforcement armour 24 comprises a grid having armoured bars 40 positioned so as to form quadrangular meshes.

[0039] The armoured bars 40 may have any cross-section, that is to say may have a circular, square, polygonal cross-section; said armoured bars 40 may also be made by means of prominences and/or shapings projecting from said plate 16.

[0040] According to one embodiment, said armoured bars 40 are arranged in a stepped manner so as to form and define meshes which are subject to shearing stress (tractions and compressions) on the attachment bushes 44 which contain the screws. Such stepped arrangement may even be at a constant pitch.

[0041] According to a preferred embodiment, the armoured bars 40 are directed according to angled directions in relation to said main directions X-X and Y-Y.

[0042] Preferably, the armoured bars 40 are angled so as to form an angle a of 30 to 60 degrees, in relation to the main directions X-X and Y-Y.

[0043] Even more preferably said angle a is substantially equal to 45 degrees, in relation to the main directions X-X and Y-Y. It is to be specified that the angle a is understood as the acute angle formed between the armoured bars 40 and said main directions X-X and Y-Y.

[0044] Thanks to this angled arrangement, the armoured bars 40 are positioned along the load lines of the panel 4.

[0045] Preferably, the grid, at the intersections 42 of said armoured bars 40 comprises attachment bushes 44 which are hollow so as to allow the passage of means of connection to attach the panel 4.

[0046] The connection elements may be of any shape, material and size, such as for example screws, bars, bolts, pins, nails and the like. [0047] The attachment bushes 44 are reinforced on the plate 16 to manage the load forces.

[0048] In particular, the attachment bushes 44 are positioned at special attachment portions 48 of the plate 16 which -are reinforced so as to ensure an improved distribution of the forces between the wind bracing plate and said attachment bushes 44.

[0049] According to one embodiment, the attachment portions 48 are preferably disc-shaped so as to evenly distribute the forces between the wind bracing plate 16 and said attachment bushes 44.

[0050] Preferably, the armoured bars 40 which intersect at said attachment portions 48 have reinforcements or thickenings 52, so as to evenly distribute the forces between the wind bracing plate 16 and said attachment bushes 44.

[0051] In other words, the reinforcements or thickenings 52 are positioned along the load lines of the panel 4.

[0052] Preferably, each attachment portion 48' is connected to at least one further attachment portion 48'' by means of the same^' armoured bar 40 fitted with said reinforcements or thickenings 52.

[0053] Preferably, the attachment portions 48 are positioned on the panel so as to be substantially aligned on an ideal circumference 56 inscribed inside the perimeter of the plate 16.

[0054] This way the shear forces are given a high degree of resistance, directed parallel to the first and second main direction X-X and Y-Y, and in addition, the onset of fragile breakage phenomena of the panel is avoided.

[0055] The diagram of the forces passing through the panel 4 is for example schematised in figure 9 where it can be seen how the panel withstands both shear forces T, directed along the main directions X-X and Y-Y, due for example to horizontal loads, and stresses of the brace strut type C and tie TR. Obviously the main directions X- X and Y-Y are directed according to . the type of use of the panel 4 which may for example by positioned in a vertical or horizontal position.

[0056] The filler element 12 is joined to the containment and reinforcement element 8 so as to fill the cavities 32 of the spacer elements 20 and encompass said reinforcement armour 24.

[0057] The filler element 12 may be a cast of mortar and/or cement and/or composite material suitable for performing the function of structural stiffening of the panel 4.

[0058] The filler element 12 may be cast in a vertical or horizontal position both in assembly and on site, depending on the application of the panel 4: in addition, the filler element 12 may be supplemented by further armoured grids.

[0059] Preferably, the panel 4 comprises a perimetral edge 60 acting so as to contain the filler element 12.

[0060] The filler element 12 is then cast on the side of the reinforcement armour 24 of the panel 4 (for example on the side of the arrow II in figure la), so as to fill the spacer elements 20 internally as far as the closure plate 64 and the space between the plate 16 and the perimetral edge 60 so as to at least cover the latter. The filler element in addition advantageously encompasses said reinforcement armour 24 and the attachment bushes 44 on the side of the reinforcement armour 24. The encompassing of the reinforcement bars 40 within the area of the cavity 32 by means of the filler cast 12, ensures the containment of the cast so as to form an armoured sheet preventing the detachment of the filler cast 12.

[0061] For example the perimetral edge 60 projects from the plate 16, on the side opposite the spacer elements 20, by a greater portion than the containment and reinforcement element 8, so as to enable, during the casting step, the embedding of said containment and reinforcement element 8, of the attachment bushes 44 and of the perimetral edge 60 so as to also protect them from UV rays.

[0062] The filler element 12 acts in conjunction with the containment and reinforcement element 8 so as to increase the resistance of the panel 4: in fact, the filler element or cast 12 gives resistance to compression while the containment and reinforcement element 8 ensures the resistance to traction of the panel 4.

[0063] The panel 4 may be completed with other elements: for example the panel 4 may also comprise a closure panel 64 made preferably but not necessarily of OSB. Said closure panel is preferably associated to the panel 4 on the side of the spacer elements 20.

[0064] According to a further embodiment, the panel 4 comprises bottoms joined so as to close the spacer elements 20.

[0065] The closure plate 64 delimits the ventilation paths 28 inside the panel 4: in fact said ventilation paths 28 are delimited, in a perpendicular direction Z-Z to the panel 4, between the plate 16 and the closure plate 64.

[0066] The present invention also relates to a wall, ceiling and/or roof module 68 comprising at least one panel 4 and at least a pair of uprights 72 directed along said second main direction Y-Y and a pair of crossbars 76 positioned along said first main direction X-X, the uprights 72 and the crossbars 76 being applied at the outer perimeter of the panel 4 so as to be mechanically connected to the panel 4 by connection means passing through said attachment bushes 44. [0067] The module 48 may be positioned vertically so as to form a portion of vertical wall^' (figures 6a-6b) or even horizontally so as to form a ceiling or horizontal- inclined roof. Several modules adjacent to one another may be connected to adjacent uprights and/or crossbars so as to create a continuous structure.

[0068] In one embodiment, for applications to vertical walls (figure 6b) it is preferable to have a staggering 80 between the closure plate 64 and the containment and reinforcement element 8, so as to permit the attachment of the panel between different floors of the building.

[0069] Preferably, within the same module 68, the panels are positioned alongside but do not touch each other at the adjacent sides: in other words there is a clearance or gap 84 between the sides of adjacent panels 4: this way reciprocal abrasion is prevented in the case of vibrations and /or for example seismic events. Said gaps are preferably closed off from air and water with elastic materials and/or with plaster covering the edge 60.

[0070] As may be seen from the description, the wind bracing and ventilated panel according to the invention makes it possible to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art presented.

[0071] In particular, the panel 4 is assembled dry or on site considerably reducing the manufacturing costs of the panel and thereby of the building structure thereof.

[0072] The containment and reinforcement element does not just act as a disposable formwork for making the cast but also performs a structural function inasmuch as constituting the armour of the wind bracing panel. Moreover, its particular spatial geometric configuration makes it possible to create a multidirectional ventilation chamber between the wind bracing panel and the structure to which it is applied.

[0073] Moreover, the cast in cement or composite material does not only constitute a filler of the tray but also performs an important structural function of stiffening the containment and reinforcement element: in other words acting as a wind brace. The mass of the cast also ensures a good level of noise insulation as well as an having an anti-intrusion function.

[0074] Moreover, the resistance to horizontal actions of the panel is ensured by the cast in cement or composite material and by the containment and reinforcement element. The filler element or cast 12 combined with the containment and reinforcement element gives resistance to compression while the containment and reinforcement element ensures the resistance to traction. The armour as seen is made by means of a two-way shaping of the grid type plate: advantageously the grid is positioned at 45 degrees to the main directions. The bottom too or plate of the containment and reinforcement element constitutes an additional armour of the panel and a thermal and acoustic insulation of the ventilated wall.

[0075] Advantageously, the panels may be free of . inner metal elements so as not to shield from electromagnetic waves: thereby facilitating the transmission of electromagnetic waves through said panels.

[0076] The transfer of stresses between the panel and the structure to which it is applied takes place by means of connection elements of any shape and size (screws, bars, bolts, pins, nails etc) . At the point of the connection elements a connection bush is provided which forms a distribution element of the concentrated load so as to prevent the bearing stress on the panel.

[0077] By means of such connection bushes any form of clearance between the panel and the structure to which it is applied is avoided. Such connection bushes form a uniform distribution of the connection force and are directly connected to the armour mesh plate- so as to reduce to a minimum the local effects of transmission of the load from one material to the other. The bars of the grid are directed along the load lines; in particular the bars of the grid to which the connection bushes are applied are reinforced or thickened. [0078] The arrangement of the connection elements is such as to permit the formation of resistance mechanisms both to shear and to brace strut/tie forces: this way the structural resistance of the panel and of the structure to which it is applied is increased.

[0079] Inside a module, whether a wall, ceiling or roof module, each panel is placed detached from the .next to permit the shifting of the wind brace, reducing contact damage. This characteristic makes the panel particularly suitable for applications to anti-seismic buildings.

[0080] Advantageously, the panel can be used as a ventilated shroud applied to the outer surfaces of existing buildings, in other words can also be used on pre-existing building structures to improve the characteristics of heat insulation, health, noise insulation and appearance.

[0081] Moreover, the present invention makes it possible to control the micro climate inside the building structure given that thanks to the ventilation inside the panels heat exchanges are achieved which improve the inside temperature of the premises and mitigate the internal environment of the structure.

[0082] In other words, cooling in summer and heating in winter is achieved. This way it is possible to achieve considerable energy savings as the costs of air- conditioning indoor environments both in summer and winter are reduced.

[0083] A person skilled in the art may make numerous modifications and variations to the panels described above so as to satisfy contingent and specific requirements, while remaining within the sphere of protection of the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) for building, comprising a containment and reinforcement element (8) and a filler element (12) associated with the containment and reinforcement element (8),

characterised by the fact that

the containment and reinforcement element (8) comprises a plate (16), a plurality of spacer elements (20) connected to said plate (16) and a reinforcement armour (24), wherein the spacer elements (20) project from the plate (16) so as to identify a plurality of multidirectional ventilation paths (28) directed along at least two main directions (X-X, Y-Y) perpendicular to each other, wherein said spacer elements (20) delimit cavities (32), the filler element (12) is joined to the containment and reinforcement element (8) so as to fill the cavities (32) of the spacer elements (20) and encompass said reinforcement armour (24).

2. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to claim 1, wherein the spacer elements (20) are positioned in a chequer-board pattern being aligned parallel to said main directions (X-X) and (Y-Y) perpendicular to each other, so as to identify ventilation paths perpendicular to each other.

3. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spacer elements (20) are cylindrical axis elements (Z-Z) perpendicular to said plate (16) and have cylindrical side walls (36) closed so as not to communicate with each other.

4. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said spacer elements (20) are axial symmetric to the relative axes (Z-Z) perpendicular to said plate (16).

5. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to any of the previous claims/ wherein the spacer elements (20) are made in one piece with the plate (16).

6. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the reinforcement armour (24) is joined to the plate (16) on the side opposite said spacer elements (20) .

7. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to any of the previous' claims, wherein the reinforcement armour (24) comprises a grid having armoured bars (40) positioned so as to form quadrangular meshes.

8. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to claim 7, wherein said meshes are defined by armoured bars (40) positioned perpendicular to each other and in angled directions to said main directions (X-X, Y-Y) .

9. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein said armoured bars (40) are made by means of prominences and/or shapings projecting from said plate (16) . .

10. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein said armoured bars (40) are angled so as to form an angle a of 30 to 60 degrees, in relation to said main directions (X-X) and (Y-Y) , wherein the angle a is understood as the acute angle formed between the armoured bars 40 and said main directions (X- X) and (Y-Y) .

11. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to claim 7, 8, 9 or 10, wherein said armoured bars (40) are angled so as to form an angle a of 45 degrees, in relation to the main directions X-X and Y-Y, wherein the angle a. is understood as the acute angle formed between the armoured bars (40) and said main directions (X-X) and (Y-Y) -

12. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to any of the claims from 7 to 11, wherein the grid, at the intersections (42) of said armoured bars (40) comprises attachment bushes (44) which are hollow so as to allow the passage of means of connection to attach the panel (4) .

13. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to claim 12, wherein the attachment bushes (44) are positioned at special attachment portions (48) of the plate (16) which are reinforced so as to ensure an improved distribution of the forces between, the wind bracing plate and said attachment bushes (44) .

14. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to claim 13, wherein the attachment portions (48) are discshaped so as to evenly distribute the forces between the wind bracing plate (16) and said attachment bushes (44).

15. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the armoured bars (40) which intersect at said attachment portions (48) have reinforcements or thickenings (52), so as to evenly distribute the forces between the wind bracing plate 16 and said attachment bushes (44).

16. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to claim 15, wherein each attachment portion (48') is connected to a further attachment portion (48'') by means of the same armoured bar (40) fitted with said reinforcements or thickenings (52).

17. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to any of the claims from 13 to 16, wherein the attachment portions (48) are positioned on the panel (4) so as to be substantially aligned on an ideal circumference (56) inscribed inside the perimeter of the plate (16) .

18. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the filler element (12) is a cast of mortar and/or cement and/or composite material suitable for performing the function of structural stiffening of the panel (4).

19. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to any of the claims from 12 to 18, wherein the panel (4) comprises a perimetral edge (60) acting so as to contain the cast, said perimetral edge (60) projecting from the plate (16), on the side opposite the spacer elements

(20) , by a greater portion than the containment and reinforcement element (8), so as to enable, during the casting step, the embedding of said containment and reinforcement element (8), covering the attachment bushes

(44) entirely.

20. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to any of the previous claims, comprising at least one closure plate (64) joined on the side of the spacer elements (20) .

21. Wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to any of the previous claims, comprising bottoms joined so as to close the spacer elements (20) .

22. Wall, ceiling and/or roof module (68) comprising at least one wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to any of the previous claims, wherein said module (68) comprises a pair of uprights (72) directed along said second main direction (Y-Y) and a pair of crossbars (76) positioned along said first main direction (X-X) , the uprights (72) and the crossbars (76) being applied at the outer perimeter of the panel (4) so as to be mechanically connected to the panel (4) by connection means passing through attachment bushes (44) joined to said reinforcement armour (24).

23. Building structure comprising at least one wind bracing and ventilated panel (4) according to any of the claims from 1 to 21 and/or at. least one module (68) according to claim 22.