RU2235834C1 - Panel for additional wall heat insulation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building units, particularly panels secured to inner building surface to provide additional heat insulation and to outer building surface to protect building against adverse atmospheric conditions.

SUBSTANCE: panel comprises sheets forming front and rear panel parts and defining air gap in-between. Structure panel members are formed of non-combustible materials and have low heat conductivity. Rear panel side is particularly made of polyurethane plastic foam, partitions are created of rigid polyurethane foam with closed cells, front side is made of expanded polystyrene, fiber board and gypsum board. Partitions maintain constant air gap between sheets and provide repeatedly assembling and disassembling the whole panel or front part thereof. Each partition is formed as at least four cells connected in single structure unit and having channel for fastening member insertion made in area of stiffening ribs connection. Fastening member is used for front panel part connection to partition. Stiffening ribs are embedded in plastic material of rear panel part before hardening thereof. As a result each partition is fixedly secured to rear panel part which in turn may be connected to wall with the use of fastening members.

EFFECT: reduced heat losses.

2 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to the field of development of structures for additional thermal insulation of walls during the construction and repair of buildings, designed to reduce heat from the room into the wall thickness when installing heat-insulating panels indoors or to protect the wall from the effects of adverse atmospheric processes when installing panels on the outside of the building.

The level of technology.

At the end of the twentieth century, the most common were heaters in the form of three-layer panels, the so-called honeycombs. They have honeycomb kraft paper impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin, with cell sizes of 12 and 25 millimeters, placed between sheets of aluminum or asbestos cement. There is also a known method of manufacturing three-layer plates (1), in accordance with which the space between two sheets is filled with a mixture of elastic material in a plastic state. When the sheets are compressed and held in such a compressed state until the elastic material hardens, the sheets are glued together with a layer of heat insulator between them. A known design of a wall panel (2), consisting of outer and inner skins, two edges of which are connected to the skeleton, and the inner cavity formed by these skins and skeleton is filled with heat insulators such as mineral wool, fiberboard, wood concrete, separated by layers of vapor barrier material. A significant drawback of all of these plate designs is the need to violate their integrity at the points of attachment to insulated walls, as fasteners passing through the plates form cold bridges. In addition, the developers of the wall panel construction (2) warn that with the arrangement of additional vapor barrier layers in the thickness of the thermal insulation layer, negative phenomena may occur associated with unacceptable overmoistening of the thermal insulation material. Developers of new methods of thermal insulation of walls have to reckon with the tightening of sanitary and hygienic standards for materials used in the design of residential premises that has emerged around the world, which has led to the exclusion of a large number of polymers, as well as asbestos, from the number acceptable for use in the manufacture of insulation, especially in panels installed indoors. In addition, the ever-increasing cost of labor during repair and construction works, as well as the rise in price of most materials suitable for the production of heaters, are forcing to seek new methods of thermal protection of walls, the implementation of which would improve the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the walls and the entire room as a whole at an acceptable cost for additional layers of thermal insulation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The design of the panel for additional thermal insulation of the walls ensures that the thickness of the air gap between its two planes is constant due to the placement of delimiters between them, each of which is firmly connected to the back plane in the right places, and the front plane is attached to the delimiters by entering fasteners into the channels of the delimiters, in As a result, it is possible to repeatedly remove and install the entire panel or only its front plane. The panel depicted in figure 1 for additional insulation of the walls (in the case of a section of the assembled panel according to AA), its main function of thermal protection of the walls should be carried out due to the artificially created air gap 1 between the front 2 and the rear planes. The back plane is considered to be 3, which, when the panel is installed in the working position, will be closer to the surface of the protected wall. Between the rear 3 and front 2 planes are placed delimiters 4, designed to maintain a constant gap between planes 2 and 3. Delimiters 4 are pre-fabricated structural elements of the panels, which are stiffeners 5 and the mounting channel 6 (in figure 2 for ease of perception the delimiters 4 are depicted as visible structural elements of the panel, that is, the front plane 2 is absent, as a matter of fact, the delimiters 4 in the assembled panel are closed by the front plane 2). One of the main requirements for the material from which the delimiters can be made is its lowest possible thermal conductivity so that the so-called “cold bridge” does not form through it in the temperature range of the specific climate zone where the protected object is located. For most climatic zones, these requirements are met, for example, by rigid polyurethane foam having a closed-cell structure with a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.04 Watt / (m * degree Celsius). This material also has another remarkable property - it does not support combustion, and therefore panels with hard polyurethane foam delimiters are fire safe. For the manufacture of the rear plane of the 3 panel, not only in the factory, but also directly at the construction or repair facility (up to a separate apartment of a residential building), it is most advisable to use substances that can, when interacting with atmospheric air, turn into structural material of a given shape, such as , polyurethane foam, from which it is possible to produce non-burning plane of the panels. In the case of using polyurethane foam for the manufacture of the rear planes of panels, another remarkable property of this material is manifested - its density is about 0.07 grams per cubic centimeter, which allows, for example, the manufacture of the rear plane of the panel of the right size up to the contours of the wall of the apartment being renovated, directly on the floor of this apartment, covered with any material on which it is possible to apply polyurethane foam in a plastic state after placement once restrictor 4 in the right places. Stiffening ribs 5 of delimiters 4, recessed to the entire depth of the layer of polyurethane foam in a plastic state, after hardening, are firmly connected to the back plane 3. After gaining the necessary strength of the polyurethane foam, the back plane 3 together with delimiters 4 can be lifted from the floor of the apartment and attached to the wall using known methods, for example by pressing strips to the wall through which fasteners of shorter length can be inserted into the wall thickness than would be required in the case of wall mounts of the assembled panel. In addition to saving materials spent on the manufacture of fasteners, fixing the back plane to the wall by fixing its position with strips prevents the formation of cold bridges from the wall thickness inside the apartment, since the front plane 2 is attached to the delimiters 4 protruding from the hardened polyurethane foam by entering into the fixing channels 6 known fasteners, for example self-tapping screws. The material for the front plane of the 2 panels is selected depending on the place of its installation: for additional thermal insulation of the walls by installing the panels indoors, dry plaster sheets, wood-fiber boards and the like can be used, and for panels installed on the outside of the walls, polystyrene foam plates and other plastic materials capable of withstanding the effects of adverse atmospheric phenomena and solar radiation are used.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

Due to the fact that when describing the essence of the invention, all materials for the manufacture of panels, mentioned as examples, were tested during repair and construction works and allowed to be used for additional thermal insulation of walls (3, 4), there are no obstacles for widespread use of panels the specified design during the construction of new facilities, as this will significantly reduce the cost of building external walls, counting their thickness only on the bearing capacity. The use of panels of this design, installed inside operating rooms for additional thermal insulation of the walls in cases of partial loss of their original heat-insulating properties, will not only provide significant savings in energy resources needed for heating these rooms, but also create the ability to maintain a comfortable air atmosphere in residential apartments or on workers places of people. In the case of mass production of panels of this design on conveyors in the factory, they can be delivered assembled to construction sites. After installing the panel at the installation site, its front plane is separated from the delimiters, then the back plane is attached to the wall and the front plane is mounted in its place. The joints between adjacent panels, as well as the edges of the panels are repaired by known methods to prepare them for final finishing.

The expected economic feasibility of the widespread use of panels of this design for additional thermal insulation of walls is based on the fact that in this way it will be possible to significantly reduce heat loss through the outer walls, which make up from 35 to 45 percent of the heat of the interior.

Sources of information

1. Patent RU 2184818, E 04 C 2/26, E 04 B 1/82, published July 10, 2002.

2. Copyright certificate SU 1270259 A1, E 04 C 2/26, E 04 B 1/74 dated 04/06/84, published on 11/15/86.

3. "Thermal insulation" (Handbook of the builder) - M .: Stroyizdat, 1985, from 73-74, 79-81.

4. Umnyakova N.P. "How to make a home warm" (Reference) - M .: Stroyizdat, 1992, from 87-101, 142-165.

Claims (1)

A panel for additional thermal insulation of walls, containing sheets forming the front and back planes of the panel, with an air gap between them, characterized in that the structural elements of the panel are made of materials that do not support combustion and have low thermal conductivity, selected from the group polyurethane foam for the back plane, rigid polyurethane foam with a closed-cell structure for delimiters, polystyrene foam, fiberboards, dry plaster sheets for the front plane, each of the delimiters The elements ensuring the preservation of a constant thickness of the air gap, as well as the possibility of multiple removal and installation of the entire panel or only its front plane, are made in the form of at least four cells connected in a single structural part, having in the central part where the stiffeners of the cells meet , a channel for introducing a fastener designed to attach the front plane to the delimiter, and the stiffeners of each of the delimiters are recessed into the mass of plastic material from which the sheet is formed forming the back plane of the panel, before it hardens, resulting in a strong connection of each delimiter with the back plane of the panel, made with the possibility of attaching to the wall using fasteners.

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