WO2013111474A1 - マイクロ波放射機構、マイクロ波プラズマ源および表面波プラズマ処理装置 - Google Patents
マイクロ波放射機構、マイクロ波プラズマ源および表面波プラズマ処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013111474A1 WO2013111474A1 PCT/JP2012/082496 JP2012082496W WO2013111474A1 WO 2013111474 A1 WO2013111474 A1 WO 2013111474A1 JP 2012082496 W JP2012082496 W JP 2012082496W WO 2013111474 A1 WO2013111474 A1 WO 2013111474A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
- H01J37/32201—Generating means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
- H01J37/32211—Means for coupling power to the plasma
- H01J37/3222—Antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
- H01J37/32211—Means for coupling power to the plasma
- H01J37/32229—Waveguides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
- H01J37/32266—Means for controlling power transmitted to the plasma
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/3244—Gas supply means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
- H05H1/461—Microwave discharges
- H05H1/4615—Microwave discharges using surface waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
- H05H1/461—Microwave discharges
- H05H1/4622—Microwave discharges using waveguides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
- H05H1/461—Microwave discharges
- H05H1/463—Microwave discharges using antennas or applicators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microwave radiation mechanism, a microwave plasma source, and a surface wave plasma processing apparatus.
- Plasma processing is an indispensable technology for the manufacture of semiconductor devices. Recently, the design rules of semiconductor elements constituting LSIs have been increasingly miniaturized due to the demand for higher integration and higher speed of LSIs, and semiconductor wafers Along with this, there is a demand for plasma processing apparatuses that can cope with such miniaturization and enlargement.
- an RLSA Random Line Slot Antenna microwave plasma processing apparatus that can uniformly form high-density, low-electron-temperature surface wave plasma has attracted attention (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the RLSA microwave plasma processing apparatus is provided with a radial line slot antenna (Radial Line Slot Antenna) which is a planar slot antenna having a plurality of slots formed in a predetermined pattern at the top of the chamber as an antenna for generating surface wave plasma.
- a microwave guided from a wave generation source is radiated from a slot of the antenna, and is radiated into a chamber held in a vacuum through a microwave transmission plate made of a dielectric provided below the microwave.
- Surface wave plasma is generated in the chamber by an electric field, thereby processing an object to be processed such as a semiconductor wafer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a microwave radiation mechanism, a microwave plasma source, and a surface wave plasma processing apparatus capable of increasing the plasma density (electron density) increase rate when the input power is increased. is there.
- the microwave radiation mechanism that radiates the microwave generated by the microwave generation mechanism into the chamber
- a transmission line having a cylindrical outer conductor and an inner conductor provided coaxially therein, and transmitting the microwave, and the microwave transmitted through the microwave transmission path is placed in the chamber
- An antenna portion that radiates in, and the antenna portion has an antenna formed with a slot that radiates microwaves, and transmits microwaves radiated from the antenna, and surface waves are formed on the surface thereof.
- the antenna portion has an antenna formed with a slot that radiates microwaves, and transmits microwaves radiated from the antenna, and surface waves are formed on the surface thereof.
- the length of the closed circuit, when the wavelength of the microwave and ⁇ 0, n ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ ( n is a positive integer, [delta] is the fine adjustment component (0 is the containing)) to be a A microwave radiation mechanism is provided.
- the slot thickness is defined so that the length of the closed circuit is n ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ . Further, the slot can be filled with a dielectric. Furthermore, it is preferable that the thickness of the slot is relatively increased so that the length of the closed circuit becomes n ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ while the thickness of the dielectric member is maintained relatively thin.
- a microwave generation mechanism for generating a microwave and a microwave radiation mechanism for radiating the generated microwave into the chamber are provided, and the microwave is radiated into the chamber.
- a microwave plasma source for generating surface wave plasma by gas supplied into the chamber, wherein the microwave radiation mechanism includes a cylindrical outer conductor and an inner conductor provided coaxially therein.
- a dielectric member that transmits a microwave radiated from the antenna and has a surface wave formed on the surface thereof, and at least the spacer.
- Tsu DOO inner wall and the surface and the interior of said dielectric member has a closed circuit in which the surface current and the displacement current flows, the length of the closed circuit, the wavelength of the microwave in the case of the lambda 0, n [lambda 0
- a microwave plasma source is provided that is ⁇ ⁇ (where n is a positive integer and ⁇ is a fine tuning component (including 0)).
- a chamber that accommodates a substrate to be processed, a gas supply mechanism that supplies a gas into the chamber, a microwave generation mechanism that generates a microwave, and a generated microwave are A microwave radiation source that emits microwaves into the chamber, and radiates microwaves into the chamber to generate surface wave plasma by the gas supplied into the chamber.
- the microwave radiation mechanism includes a cylindrical outer conductor and an inner conductor provided coaxially therein.
- the antenna unit includes an antenna in which a slot for radiating microwaves is formed, a dielectric member that transmits the microwave radiated from the antenna and has a surface wave formed on the surface thereof, and at least the A closed circuit including a slot inner wall and the surface and the inside of the dielectric member through which a surface current and a displacement current flow, and the length of the closed circuit is n ⁇ 0 ⁇ when the wavelength of the microwave is ⁇ 0
- a surface wave plasma processing apparatus is provided in which ⁇ (n is a positive integer and ⁇ is a fine adjustment component (including 0)).
- the microwave plasma source of the second aspect and the surface wave plasma processing apparatus of the third aspect may have a plurality of the microwave radiation mechanisms.
- FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the surface wave plasma processing apparatus provided with the microwave radiation mechanism which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the microwave plasma source used for the surface wave plasma processing apparatus of FIG. It is a top view which shows typically the microwave supply part in a microwave plasma source.
- It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the microwave radiation mechanism used for the surface wave plasma processing apparatus of FIG.
- It is a cross-sectional view by the AA 'line of FIG. 4 which shows the electric power feeding mechanism of a microwave radiation mechanism.
- BB 'line of FIG. 4 shows the slag and sliding member in a tuner.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a surface wave plasma processing apparatus having a microwave radiation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a microwave plasma used in the surface wave plasma processing apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing a microwave supply unit in the microwave plasma source.
- the surface wave plasma processing apparatus 100 is configured as a plasma etching apparatus that performs, for example, an etching process as a plasma process on a wafer, and is grounded in a substantially cylindrical shape made of an airtight metal material such as aluminum or stainless steel.
- An opening 1 a is formed in the upper part of the chamber 1, and the microwave plasma source 2 is provided so as to face the inside of the chamber 1 from the opening 1 a.
- a susceptor 11 for horizontally supporting a semiconductor wafer W (hereinafter, referred to as a wafer W), which is an object to be processed, is erected at the center of the bottom of the chamber 1 via an insulating member 12a. It is provided in a state supported by the support member 12.
- Examples of the material constituting the susceptor 11 and the support member 12 include aluminum whose surface is anodized (anodized).
- the susceptor 11 includes an electrostatic chuck for electrostatically attracting the wafer W, a temperature control mechanism, a gas flow path for supplying heat transfer gas to the back surface of the wafer W, and the wafer.
- a high frequency bias power supply 14 is electrically connected to the susceptor 11 via a matching unit 13. By supplying high frequency power from the high frequency bias power source 14 to the susceptor 11, ions in the plasma are attracted to the wafer W side.
- An exhaust pipe 15 is connected to the bottom of the chamber 1, and an exhaust device 16 including a vacuum pump is connected to the exhaust pipe 15.
- an exhaust device 16 including a vacuum pump is connected to the exhaust pipe 15.
- the inside of the chamber 1 is exhausted, and the inside of the chamber 1 can be depressurized at a high speed to a predetermined degree of vacuum.
- a loading / unloading port 17 for loading / unloading the wafer W and a gate valve 18 for opening / closing the loading / unloading port 17 are provided on the side wall of the chamber 1.
- a shower plate 20 that discharges a processing gas for plasma etching toward the wafer W is provided horizontally.
- the shower plate 20 has a gas flow path 21 formed in a lattice shape and a large number of gas discharge holes 22 formed in the gas flow path 21. It is a space part 23.
- a pipe 24 extending outside the chamber 1 is connected to the gas flow path 21 of the shower plate 20, and a processing gas supply source 25 is connected to the pipe 24.
- a ring-shaped plasma gas introduction member 26 is provided along the chamber wall above the shower plate 20 of the chamber 1, and the plasma gas introduction member 26 has a number of gas discharge holes on the inner periphery. Is provided.
- a plasma gas supply source 27 for supplying plasma gas is connected to the plasma gas introduction member 26 via a pipe 28.
- Ar gas or the like is preferably used as the plasma generating gas.
- a commonly used etching gas such as Cl 2 gas can be used.
- the plasma gas introduced into the chamber 1 from the plasma gas introduction member 26 is turned into plasma by the microwave introduced into the chamber 1 from the microwave plasma source 2, and this plasma passes through the space 23 of the shower plate 20.
- the processing gas discharged from the gas discharge hole 22 of the shower plate 20 is excited to form plasma of the processing gas. Note that the plasma gas and the processing gas may be supplied by the same supply member.
- the microwave plasma source 2 has a top plate 110 supported by a support ring 29 provided at the top of the chamber 1, and the space between the support ring 29 and the top plate 110 is hermetically sealed. As shown in FIG. 2, the microwave plasma source 2 includes a microwave output unit 30 that distributes the microwaves to a plurality of paths and outputs microwaves, and transmits the microwaves output from the microwave output unit 30 to enter the chamber 1. And a microwave supply unit 40 for radiating.
- the microwave output unit 30 includes a microwave power source 31, a microwave oscillator 32, an amplifier 33 that amplifies the oscillated microwave, and a distributor 34 that distributes the amplified microwave into a plurality of parts. .
- the microwave oscillator 32 causes, for example, a PLL oscillation of a microwave having a predetermined frequency (for example, 915 MHz).
- the distributor 34 distributes the microwave amplified by the amplifier 33 while matching the impedance between the input side and the output side so that the loss of the microwave does not occur as much as possible.
- the microwave frequency 700 MHz to 3 GHz can be used in addition to 915 MHz.
- the microwave supply unit 40 has a plurality of antenna modules 41 that guide the microwaves distributed by the distributor 34 into the chamber 1.
- Each antenna module 41 includes an amplifier unit 42 that mainly amplifies the distributed microwave and a microwave radiation mechanism 43.
- the microwave radiation mechanism 43 includes a tuner 60 for matching impedance and an antenna unit 45 that radiates the amplified microwave into the chamber 1.
- a microwave is radiated into the chamber 1 from the antenna unit 45 of the microwave radiation mechanism 43 in each antenna module 41.
- the microwave supply unit 40 has seven antenna modules 41, and six microwave radiation mechanisms 43 of each antenna module 41 have a circumferential shape and one at the center thereof. It arrange
- the top plate 110 functions as a vacuum seal and a microwave transmission plate, and is fitted to the metal frame 110a and the portion where the microwave radiation mechanism 43 is disposed, and is fitted to the frame 110a.
- a dielectric member 110b made of a dielectric material.
- the amplifier unit 42 includes a phase shifter 46, a variable gain amplifier 47, a main amplifier 48 constituting a solid state amplifier, and an isolator 49.
- the phase shifter 46 is configured to change the phase of the microwave, and by adjusting this, the radiation characteristic can be modulated.
- the plasma distribution can be changed by controlling the directivity by adjusting the phase for each antenna module.
- circularly polarized waves can be obtained by shifting the phase by 90 ° between adjacent antenna modules.
- the phase shifter 46 can be used for the purpose of spatial synthesis in the tuner by adjusting the delay characteristics between components in the amplifier. However, the phase shifter 46 need not be provided when such modulation of the radiation characteristics and adjustment of the delay characteristics between the components in the amplifier are not required.
- the variable gain amplifier 47 is an amplifier for adjusting the power level of the microwave input to the main amplifier 48 and adjusting the plasma intensity. By changing the variable gain amplifier 47 for each antenna module, the generated plasma can be distributed.
- the main amplifier 48 constituting the solid state amplifier can be configured to include, for example, an input matching circuit, a semiconductor amplifying element, an output matching circuit, and a high Q resonance circuit.
- the isolator 49 separates the reflected microwaves reflected by the antenna unit 45 and directed to the main amplifier 48, and includes a circulator and a dummy load (coaxial terminator).
- the circulator guides the microwave reflected by the antenna unit 45 to the dummy load, and the dummy load converts the reflected microwave guided by the circulator into heat.
- FIGS. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the microwave radiating portion 43 and the microwave radiating antenna 45
- FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. 4 showing the power feeding mechanism of the microwave radiating portion 43
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′ in FIG. 4 showing slag and sliding members in the tuner 60
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a closed circuit in which surface current and displacement current flow in the antenna section
- FIG. 8 is a planar slot antenna. It is a top view which shows an example of the slot shape of.
- the microwave radiation mechanism 43 includes a coaxial waveguide (microwave transmission path) 44 that transmits a microwave, and an antenna that radiates the microwave transmitted through the waveguide 44 into the chamber 1. Part 45. Then, the microwaves radiated from the microwave radiation mechanism 43 into the chamber 1 are combined in the space in the chamber 1, and surface wave plasma is formed in the chamber 1.
- a coaxial waveguide (microwave transmission path) 44 that transmits a microwave
- an antenna that radiates the microwave transmitted through the waveguide 44 into the chamber 1. Part 45. Then, the microwaves radiated from the microwave radiation mechanism 43 into the chamber 1 are combined in the space in the chamber 1, and surface wave plasma is formed in the chamber 1.
- the waveguide 44 is configured by coaxially arranging a cylindrical outer conductor 52 and a rod-shaped inner conductor 53 provided at the center thereof, and an antenna portion 45 is provided at the tip of the waveguide 44.
- the inner conductor 53 is a power supply side
- the outer conductor 52 is a ground side.
- the upper end of the outer conductor 52 and the inner conductor 53 is a reflection plate 58.
- a feeding mechanism 54 that feeds microwaves (electromagnetic waves) is provided on the proximal end side of the waveguide 44.
- the power feeding mechanism 54 has a microwave power introduction port 55 for introducing microwave power provided on a side surface of the waveguide 44 (outer conductor 52).
- a coaxial line 56 including an inner conductor 56 a and an outer conductor 56 b is connected to the microwave power introduction port 55 as a feed line for supplying the microwave amplified from the amplifier unit 42.
- a feeding antenna 90 extending horizontally toward the inside of the outer conductor 52 is connected to the tip of the inner conductor 56 a of the coaxial line 56.
- the feed antenna 90 is formed by, for example, cutting a metal plate such as aluminum and then fitting it into a dielectric member such as Teflon (registered trademark).
- a slow wave material 59 made of a dielectric material such as Teflon (registered trademark) for shortening the effective wavelength of the reflected wave is provided between the reflector 58 and the feeding antenna 90. Note that when a microwave with a high frequency such as 2.45 GHz is used, the slow wave material 59 may not be provided.
- the distance from the feeding antenna 90 to the reflecting plate 58 is optimized, and the electromagnetic wave radiated from the feeding antenna 90 is reflected by the reflecting plate 58 so that the maximum electromagnetic wave is transmitted into the waveguide 44 having the coaxial structure.
- the feeding antenna 90 is connected to the inner conductor 56a of the coaxial line 56 at the microwave power introduction port 55, and the first pole 92 to which the electromagnetic wave is supplied and the second electromagnetic wave to radiate the supplied electromagnetic wave.
- the antenna main body 91 having the pole 93 and the reflection part 94 extending from both sides of the antenna main body 91 along the outside of the inner conductor 53 to form a ring shape, and the electromagnetic wave incident on the antenna main body 91 and the reflection part A standing wave is formed by the electromagnetic wave reflected at 94.
- the second pole 93 of the antenna body 91 is in contact with the inner conductor 53.
- the microwave power is fed into the space between the outer conductor 52 and the inner conductor 53 by the feed antenna 90 radiating microwaves (electromagnetic waves). Then, the microwave power supplied to the power feeding mechanism 54 propagates toward the antenna unit 45.
- a tuner 60 is provided in the waveguide 44.
- the tuner 60 matches the impedance of the load (plasma) in the chamber 1 with the characteristic impedance of the microwave power source in the microwave output unit 30, and moves up and down between the outer conductor 52 and the inner conductor 53 2.
- Two slags 61a and 61b, and a slag driving unit 70 provided on the outer side (upper side) of the reflection plate 58.
- the slag 61a is provided on the slag drive unit 70 side, and the slag 61b is provided on the antenna unit 45 side. Further, in the inner space of the inner conductor 53, two slag moving shafts 64a and 64b for slag movement are provided along a longitudinal direction of the inner conductor 53.
- the slag moving shafts 64a and 64b are formed by screw rods having trapezoidal screws, for example.
- the slag 61a has an annular shape made of a dielectric, and a sliding member 63 made of a resin having slipperiness is fitted inside the slag 61a.
- the sliding member 63 is provided with a screw hole 65a into which the slag moving shaft 64a is screwed and a through hole 65b into which the slag moving shaft 64b is inserted.
- the slag 61b has a screw hole 65a and a through hole 65b as in the case of the slag 61a.
- the screw hole 65a is screwed to the slag moving shaft 64b and is connected to the through hole 65b. The slag moving shaft 64a is inserted.
- the slag 61a moves up and down by rotating the slag movement shaft 64a
- the slag 61b moves up and down by rotating the slag movement shaft 64b. That is, the slugs 61a and 61b are moved up and down by a screw mechanism including the slug moving shafts 64a and 64b and the sliding member 63.
- the sliding member 63 is provided with three protrusions 63a at equal intervals so as to correspond to the slits 53a. Then, the sliding member 63 is fitted into the slags 61a and 61b in a state where the protruding portions 63a are in contact with the inner circumferences of the slags 61a and 61b.
- the outer peripheral surface of the sliding member 63 comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the inner conductor 53 without play, and the sliding member 63 slides up and down the inner conductor 53 by rotating the slug movement shafts 64a and 64b. It is supposed to be. That is, the inner peripheral surface of the inner conductor 53 functions as a sliding guide for the slugs 61a and 61b.
- a resin material constituting the sliding member 63 a resin having good sliding property and relatively easy to process, for example, a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin can be mentioned as a suitable material.
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- the slag moving shafts 64 a and 64 b extend through the reflecting plate 58 to the slag driving unit 70.
- a bearing (not shown) is provided between the slug moving shafts 64a and 64b and the reflection plate 58.
- a bottom plate 67 made of a conductor is provided at the lower end of the inner conductor 53.
- the lower ends of the slag moving shafts 64a and 64b are normally open ends to absorb vibration during driving, and a bottom plate 67 is provided at a distance of about 2 to 5 mm from the lower ends of the slag moving shafts 64a and 64b. It has been.
- the bottom plate 67 may be used as a bearing portion, and the lower ends of the slag moving shafts 64a and 64b may be supported by the bearing portion.
- the slag drive unit 70 has a casing 71, slag moving shafts 64a and 64b extend into the casing 71, and gears 72a and 72b are attached to the upper ends of the slag moving shafts 64a and 64b, respectively.
- the slag drive unit 70 is provided with a motor 73a that rotates the slag movement shaft 64a and a motor 73b that rotates the slag movement shaft 64b.
- a gear 74a is attached to the shaft of the motor 73a, and a gear 74b is attached to the shaft of the motor 73b.
- the gear 74a meshes with the gear 72a, and the gear 74b meshes with the gear 72b.
- the slag movement shaft 64a is rotated by the motor 73a via the gears 74a and 72a
- the slag movement shaft 64b is rotated by the motor 73b via the gears 74b and 72b.
- the motors 73a and 73b are, for example, stepping motors.
- the slag moving shaft 64b is longer than the slag moving shaft 64a and reaches the upper side. Therefore, the positions of the gears 72a and 72b are offset vertically, and the motors 73a and 73b are also offset vertically.
- the space for the power transmission mechanism such as the motor and gears is small, and the casing 71 has the same diameter as the outer conductor 52.
- increment type encoders 75a and 75b for detecting the positions of the slugs 61a and 61b are provided so as to be directly connected to these output shafts.
- the positions of the slags 61a and 61b are controlled by the slag controller 68.
- the slag controller 68 controls the motors 73a and 73b based on the impedance value of the input end detected by an impedance detector (not shown) and the positional information of the slags 61a and 61b detected by the encoders 75a and 75b.
- the impedance is adjusted by sending a signal and controlling the positions of the slugs 61a and 61b.
- the slug controller 68 performs impedance matching so that the termination is, for example, 50 ⁇ . When only one of the two slugs is moved, a trajectory passing through the origin of the Smith chart is drawn, and when both are moved simultaneously, only the phase rotates.
- the antenna unit 45 is a planar slot antenna 81 that functions as a microwave radiation antenna and has a slot 131, a slow wave member 82 provided on the upper surface of the planar slot antenna 81, and the distal end side of the planar slot antenna 81 And a dielectric member 110b of the top plate 110 provided on the top plate 110.
- a cylindrical member 82 a made of a conductor passes through the center of the slow wave member 82, and connects the bottom plate 67 and the planar slot antenna 81. Therefore, the inner conductor 53 is connected to the planar slot antenna 81 via the bottom plate 67 and the cylindrical member 82a.
- the lower end of the outer conductor 52 extends to the planar slot antenna 81, and the periphery of the slow wave material 82 is covered with the outer conductor 52.
- the periphery of the planar slot antenna 81 is covered with a covered conductor 84.
- the slow wave material 82 and the dielectric member 110b have a dielectric constant larger than that of vacuum, and are made of, for example, fluorine resin or polyimide resin such as quartz, ceramics, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.
- the antenna since the wavelength of the microwave becomes longer, the antenna has a function of shortening the wavelength of the microwave to make the antenna smaller.
- the slow wave material 82 can adjust the phase of the microwave depending on the thickness thereof, and the thickness thereof is adjusted so that the junction between the top plate 110 and the planar slot antenna 81 becomes a “wave” of standing waves. . Thereby, reflection can be minimized and the radiation energy of the planar slot antenna 81 can be maximized.
- the top plate 110 is configured by fitting a dielectric member 110 b into the frame 110 a, and the dielectric member 110 b is provided in contact with the planar slot antenna 81.
- the microwave amplified by the main amplifier 48 reaches the antenna unit 45 through the waveguide 44 between the peripheral walls of the inner conductor 53 and the outer conductor 52.
- the microwave is transmitted as a surface wave through the slow wave member 82, transmitted through the slot 131 of the planar slot antenna 81, further transmitted through the dielectric member 110 b of the top plate 110, and the dielectric member 110 b in contact with the plasma.
- the surface wave is transmitted, and surface wave plasma is generated in the space in the chamber 1 by this surface wave.
- Planar slot antenna 81 a closed circuit length of C flowing surface current and the displacement current of the antenna unit 45 shown in FIG. 7, the wavelength of the microwave when the ⁇ 0, n ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ ( n is a positive
- the thickness (the thickness of the slot 131) is defined so that an integer, ⁇ is a fine adjustment component (including 0).
- the planar slot antenna 81 is formed in a disc shape (planar shape) as a whole, and six slots 131 are formed in a circumferential shape. All of these slots 131 have the same shape and are formed in an elongated shape along the circumference.
- the joint portion between adjacent ones of the slots 131 is configured such that the end of one slot 131 and the end of the other slot 131 overlap each other. That is, the center portion of the slot 131 is in a state where one end portion on the outer side and the other end portion on the inner side are connected, and an annular region 132 indicated by a two-dot chain line including six slots 131 is included.
- the slot 131 has a length of ( ⁇ g / 2) ⁇ ′.
- ⁇ g is the effective wavelength of the microwave
- ⁇ ′ is a fine adjustment component (including 0) that is finely adjusted so that the uniformity of the electric field strength is increased in the circumferential direction (angular direction).
- the length of the slot 131 is not limited to about ⁇ g / 2, but may be any length obtained by subtracting a fine adjustment component (including 0) from an integral multiple of ⁇ g / 2.
- the slot 131 has a substantially equal length at the center, and one end and the other end (overlap portion) on both sides thereof.
- the central portion has a length of ( ⁇ g / 6) ⁇ 1
- the end portions on both sides thereof have lengths of ( ⁇ g / 6) ⁇ 2 and ( ⁇ g / 6) ⁇ 3 , respectively.
- the length of one slot 131 is about ⁇ g / 2, and since there are six, the total length is about 3 ⁇ g.
- the antenna has a conventional configuration in which four slots having a length of about ⁇ g / 2 are arranged circumferentially. It is almost equivalent to the antenna.
- the slot 131 is formed so that the inner circumference thereof is at a position of ( ⁇ g / 4) ⁇ ⁇ ′′ from the center of the planar slot antenna 81.
- ⁇ ′′ is used to make the electric field strength distribution in the radial direction uniform.
- the length from the center to the inner periphery of the slot is not limited to about ⁇ g / 4, and may be any length obtained by adding a fine adjustment component (including 0) to an integral multiple of ⁇ g / 4.
- Such a planar slot antenna 81 can avoid the electromagnetic wave intensity from being weakened at the joint portion between the slots, and can improve the plasma uniformity in the circumferential direction (angular direction).
- the number of slots is not limited to six, and the same effect can be obtained even if the number is, for example, three to five, or seven or more.
- the slot shape of the planar slot antenna 81 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 8, and for example, a plurality of arc-shaped slots may be formed uniformly on the circumference.
- the main amplifier 48, the tuner 60, and the planar slot antenna 81 are arranged close to each other.
- the tuner 60 and the planar slot antenna 81 constitute a lumped constant circuit existing within a half wavelength, and the combined resistance of the planar slot antenna 81, the slow wave material 82, and the dielectric member 110b is set to 50 ⁇ . Therefore, the tuner 60 is directly tuned with respect to the plasma load, and can efficiently transmit energy to the plasma.
- the slot 131 may be filled with a dielectric. By filling the slot 131 with a dielectric, the effective wavelength of the microwave is shortened, and the thickness of the entire slot (thickness of the planar slot antenna 81) can be reduced.
- Each component in the surface wave plasma processing apparatus 100 is controlled by a control unit 120 including a microprocessor.
- the control unit 120 includes a storage unit that stores a process sequence of the surface wave plasma processing apparatus 100 and a process recipe that is a control parameter, an input unit, a display, and the like, and controls the plasma processing apparatus in accordance with the selected process recipe. It has become.
- the operation in the surface wave plasma processing apparatus 100 configured as described above will be described.
- the wafer W is loaded into the chamber 1 and placed on the susceptor 11.
- a microwave is transmitted from the microwave plasma source 2 into the chamber 1 while introducing a plasma gas, for example, Ar gas, into the chamber 1 from the plasma gas supply source 27 through the pipe 28 and the plasma gas introduction member 26.
- a plasma gas for example, Ar gas
- a processing gas for example, an etching gas such as Cl 2 gas is discharged from the processing gas supply source 25 into the chamber 1 through the pipe 24 and the shower plate 20.
- the discharged processing gas is excited by plasma that has passed through the space 23 of the shower plate 20 to be converted into plasma, and plasma processing, for example, etching processing is performed on the wafer W by the plasma of the processing gas.
- the microwave power oscillated from the microwave oscillator 32 of the microwave output unit 30 is amplified by the amplifier 33 and then distributed to a plurality by the distributor 34.
- the distributed microwave power is guided to the microwave supply unit 40.
- the microwave power distributed in this way is individually amplified by the main amplifier 48 constituting the solid state amplifier, and is fed to the waveguide 44 of the microwave radiation mechanism 43 to be guided. It reaches the antenna section through the waveguide 44.
- the microwave is transmitted as a surface wave through the slow wave member 82, transmitted through the slot 131 of the planar slot antenna 81, further transmitted through the dielectric member 110 b of the top plate 110, and the dielectric member 110 b in contact with the plasma.
- the surface wave is transmitted, and surface wave plasma is generated in the space in the chamber 1 by this surface wave.
- a slot antenna is known as a microwave radiation means.
- the length of a longitudinal slot is set to an integral multiple of a half wavelength of the effective wavelength of the microwave + ⁇ ′ ( ⁇ It is known that when ′ is a fine adjustment component (including 0), the radiation efficiency is maximized.
- the slot length will be shorter than the cutoff wavelength, and increasing the slot antenna will attenuate the microwave, so it is important to make it as thin as possible It is.
- the slot length is 30.5 mm (half wavelength of effective wavelength in 2.45 GHz microwave)
- TE10 waves are transmitted in the slot.
- the cut-off wavelength is 61 mm, and the 2.45 GHz microwave cannot be transmitted and is attenuated.
- FIG. 9 shows a result of simulating electromagnetic field characteristics in the microwave radiation into the plasma and the microwave radiation into the dielectric.
- the dielectric constant of plasma can be approximately expressed by the following equation.
- ⁇ is the frequency of the microwave
- ⁇ pe is the vibration frequency of the electrons in the plasma.
- Electromagnetic wave number in the plasma so is represented by the following formula, when the kappa p takes a negative value, the electromagnetic wave can not be propagated in the plasma, i.e. it can be seen that is totally reflected.
- plasma heating is caused by resonance between an electron plasma wave generated in the vicinity of the total reflection surface and an electromagnetic wave radiated from the slot.
- the electrons in the plasma can have greater thermal energy.
- This wave has an electric field in a component parallel to the traveling direction (longitudinal wave), which is called an electron plasma wave. Since it resonates with the electromagnetic wave radiated from the slot, the electron plasma wave can absorb power with maximum efficiency.
- the energy of the electron plasma wave is converted as electron energy by Landau attenuation, and the electrons can efficiently obtain energy.
- the energy transmission of the radiated electromagnetic waves to the electrons is performed by an evanescent wave into the plasma due to dielectric loss. Since there is a plasma dielectric loss, that is, a resistance component at the interface between the plasma and the dielectric member 110b, there is an electric field component at the interface even though it is small. It becomes.
- the surface current at the interface between the plasma and the dielectric member 110b flows in the radial direction, unlike the case where it radiates into the dielectric, and closes at the entrance of the slot 131 (including the slow wave material 82). A circuit will be formed.
- the current flowing in the closed circuit consists of a surface current and a displacement current.
- the current passes through the slow wave member 82 and reaches the slot 131 of the planar slot antenna 81, passes through the inner wall of the slot 131, passes through the dielectric member 110b, and is plasma and dielectric. Flows from the outside toward the center of the interface with the body member 110b (the surface of the dielectric member 110b), passes through the dielectric member 110b from the center, and then passes through the interface between the dielectric member 110b and the planar slot antenna 81. A closed circuit C is reached, reaching 131 and passing through the slow wave material 82 through the inner wall of the slot 131.
- the inside of the slot acts not as a transmission line but as a part of the antenna. Therefore, it is not necessary to make the slot as thin as possible as in the case of radiating microwaves to a dielectric such as in the air.
- this closed circuit since this closed circuit includes the plasma surface, it greatly contributes to energy transfer to the plasma. Therefore, it is important to flow as much surface current as possible in this closed circuit in order to increase the energy transfer efficiency to the plasma.
- the surface current of the closed circuit becomes maximum when the total length is approximately an integral multiple of the microwave wavelength ⁇ 0 (resonance condition).
- the length of the closed circuit is n ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ (n)
- ⁇ is a positive integer
- ⁇ is a fine adjustment component (including 0).
- the value of ⁇ is determined so as to obtain a sufficient surface current, and is about 25 mm or less. For example, when the frequency f is 860 MHz, ⁇ 0 ⁇ 349 mm.
- the central value of the length of the closed circuit C is about 350 mm, and the preferable length of the closed circuit C is 350 mm ⁇ 25 mm.
- the thickness of the slot 131 is about 30 mm.
- the input microwave power is separated into that absorbed by the plasma and the others absorbed by the other (wall surface of chamber 1, surface of planar slot antenna 81, dielectric).
- the surface current can be increased, the energy transfer efficiency is high, that is, the plasma absorption efficiency is high, the electron generation efficiency is high, and the electron density increase rate when the input power is increased. Can be high. This can also reduce the power absorbed by other than the plasma, and suppress the temperature rise of the planar slot antenna 81 and the chamber 1.
- the length of the closed circuit is not limited by the conventional common sense that the thickness of the slot 131 (that is, the thickness of the slot antenna) should be thin, regardless of the thickness of the slot 131.
- n ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ it is possible to increase the plasma density increase rate when the input power is increased.
- the slow wave member 82 and the dielectric member 110b made of a dielectric material such as quartz are thickened, various modes are generated and the plasma becomes unstable or plasma ignition becomes difficult to generate the plasma itself.
- the thickness of the slot 131 is relatively increased while the retardation member 82 and the dielectric member 110b are relatively thin so as not to cause such inconvenience.
- the length of the closed circuit can be set to n ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the result is shown in FIG.
- the one having a slot thickness of 1 mm is a conventional example, and the length of the closed circuit C is about 294 mm.
- the length of the closed circuit C is about 332 mm
- the length of the closed circuit C is about 352 mm.
- FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the dielectric constant ( ⁇ p) of the plasma corresponding to the electron density and the microwave radiation efficiency.
- FIG. 11 shows an increase in the absolute value of the relative dielectric constant of the plasma, that is, an increase in the electron density.
- the radiation efficiency is slightly reduced when the slot thickness is 1 mm, whereas the radiation efficiency increases when the slot thickness is 20 mm, and the electron density increases when the slot thickness is 30 mm. It can be seen that the radiation efficiency is further increased.
- the antenna unit includes an antenna in which slots for radiating microwaves are formed, and a dielectric member that transmits microwaves radiated from the antennas and forms surface waves on the surface thereof. And a closed circuit through which surface current and displacement current flow, including the slot inner wall and the surface and inside of the dielectric member, and the length of the closed circuit is ⁇ 0 as the wavelength of the microwave And n ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ (where n is a positive integer and ⁇ is a fine adjustment component (including 0)). For this reason, the surface current in the antenna portion can be increased regardless of the thickness of the slot. Further, since the plasma absorption efficiency is high, the rate of increase in electron density when the input power is increased can be increased.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the idea of the present invention.
- the configuration of the microwave output unit 30 and the microwave supply unit 40 is not limited to the above embodiment, and for example, directivity control of microwaves radiated from an antenna is performed or circular polarization is performed. If it is not necessary to do so, the phaser is not necessary.
- the microwave radiation mechanism 43 the slow wave material 82 is not essential.
- microwave radiation mechanism In the above embodiment, an example in which a plurality of microwave radiation mechanisms are provided has been described. However, one microwave radiation mechanism may be provided.
- the etching processing apparatus is exemplified as the plasma processing apparatus.
- the present invention is not limited to this and can be used for other plasma processing such as film formation processing, oxynitride film processing, and ashing processing.
- the substrate to be processed is not limited to the semiconductor wafer W, and may be another substrate such as an FPD (flat panel display) substrate typified by a substrate for LCD (liquid crystal display) or a ceramic substrate.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係るマイクロ波放射機構を有する表面波プラズマ処理装置の概略構成を示す断面図であり、図2は図1の表面波プラズマ処理装置に用いられるマイクロ波プラズマ源の構成を示す構成図、図3はマイクロ波プラズマ源におけるマイクロ波供給部を模式的に示す平面図である。
次に、以上のように構成される表面波プラズマ処理装置100における動作について説明する。
まず、ウエハWをチャンバ1内に搬入し、サセプタ11上に載置する。そして、プラズマガス供給源27から配管28およびプラズマガス導入部材26を介してチャンバ1内にプラズマガス、例えばArガスを導入しつつ、マイクロ波プラズマ源2からマイクロ波をチャンバ1内に伝送して表面波プラズマを生成する。
ここで、ωはマイクロ波の周波数であり、ωpeはプラズマ中の電子の振動周波数である。
なお、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されることなく、本発明の思想の範囲内において種々変形可能である。例えば、マイクロ波出力部30やマイクロ波供給部40の構成等は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、例えば、アンテナから放射されるマイクロ波の指向性制御を行ったり円偏波にしたりする必要がない場合には、位相器は不要である。また、マイクロ波放射機構43において、遅波材82は必須ではない。
Claims (14)
- チャンバ内に表面波プラズマを形成してプラズマ処理を行うプラズマ処理装置において、マイクロ波生成機構で生成されたマイクロ波をチャンバ内に放射するマイクロ波放射機構であって、
筒状をなす外側導体とその中に同軸的に設けられた内側導体とを有しマイクロ波を伝送する伝送路と、
前記マイクロ波伝送路を伝送されてきたマイクロ波を前記チャンバ内に放射するアンテナ部と
を具備し、
前記アンテナ部は、マイクロ波を放射するスロットが形成されたアンテナと、前記アンテナから放射されたマイクロ波を透過させ、その表面に表面波が形成される誘電体部材とを有し、かつ、少なくとも前記スロット内壁および前記誘電体部材の表面および内部を含む、表面電流および変位電流が流れる閉回路を有し、前記閉回路の長さが、マイクロ波の波長をλ0とした場合に、nλ0±δ(nは正の整数、δは微調整成分(0を含む)である)となるようにする、マイクロ波放射機構。 - 前記閉回路の長さがnλ0±δとなるように前記スロットの厚さが規定される、請求項1に記載のマイクロ波放射機構。
- 前記スロットには誘電体が充填されている、請求項1に記載のマイクロ波放射機構。
- 前記誘電体部材の厚さを相対的に薄く維持したまま、前記閉回路の長さがnλ0±δとなるように、前記スロットの厚さが相対的に厚くされる、請求項1に記載のマイクロ波放射機構。
- マイクロ波を生成するマイクロ波生成機構および生成されたマイクロ波をチャンバ内に放射するマイクロ波放射機構を有し、前記チャンバ内にマイクロ波を放射して前記チャンバ内に供給されたガスによる表面波プラズマを生成するマイクロ波プラズマ源であって、
前記マイクロ波放射機構は、
筒状をなす外側導体とその中に同軸的に設けられた内側導体とを有しマイクロ波を伝送する伝送路と、
前記マイクロ波伝送路を伝送されてきたマイクロ波を前記チャンバ内に放射するアンテナ部と
を具備し、
前記アンテナ部は、マイクロ波を放射するスロットが形成されたアンテナと、前記アンテナから放射されたマイクロ波を透過させ、その表面に表面波が形成される誘電体部材とを有し、かつ、少なくとも前記スロット内壁および前記誘電体部材の表面および内部を含む、表面電流および変位電流が流れる閉回路を有し、前記閉回路の長さが、マイクロ波の波長をλ0とした場合に、nλ0±δ(nは正の整数、δは微調整成分(0を含む)である)となるようにする、マイクロ波プラズマ源。 - 複数の前記マイクロ波放射機構を有する、請求項5に記載のマイクロ波プラズマ源。
- 前記マイクロ波放射機構は、前記閉回路の長さがnλ0±δとなるように前記スロットの厚さが規定される、請求項5に記載のマイクロ波プラズマ源。
- 前記マイクロ波放射機構の前記スロットには誘電体が充填されている、請求項5に記載のマイクロ波プラズマ源。
- 前記マイクロ波放射機構において、前記誘電体部材の厚さを相対的に薄く維持したまま、前記閉回路の長さがnλ0±δとなるように、前記スロットの厚さが相対的に厚くされる、請求項5に記載のマイクロ波プラズマ源。
- 被処理基板を収容するチャンバと、
前記チャンバ内にガスを供給するガス供給機構と、
マイクロ波を生成するマイクロ波生成機構および生成されたマイクロ波を前記チャンバ内に放射するマイクロ波放射機構を有し、前記チャンバ内にマイクロ波を放射して前記チャンバ内に供給されたガスによる表面波プラズマを生成するマイクロ波プラズマ源と
を具備し、
前記チャンバ内の被処理基板に対して前記表面波プラズマにより処理を施す表面波プラズマ処理装置であって、
前記マイクロ波放射機構は、
筒状をなす外側導体とその中に同軸的に設けられた内側導体とを有しマイクロ波を伝送する伝送路と、
前記マイクロ波伝送路を伝送されてきたマイクロ波を前記チャンバ内に放射するアンテナ部と
を具備し、
前記アンテナ部は、マイクロ波を放射するスロットが形成されたアンテナと、前記アンテナから放射されたマイクロ波を透過させ、その表面に表面波が形成される誘電体部材とを有し、かつ、少なくとも前記スロット内壁および前記誘電体部材の表面および内部を含む、表面電流および変位電流が流れる閉回路を有し、前記閉回路の長さが、マイクロ波の波長をλ0とした場合に、nλ0±δ(nは正の整数、δは微調整成分(0を含む)である)となるようにする、表面波プラズマ処理装置。 - 前記マイクロ波プラズマ源は、複数の前記マイクロ波放射機構を有する、請求項10に記載の表面波プラズマ処理装置。
- 前記マイクロ波放射機構は、前記閉回路の長さがnλ0±δとなるように前記スロットの厚さが規定される、請求項10に記載の表面波プラズマ処理装置。
- 前記マイクロ波放射機構の前記スロットには誘電体が充填されている、請求項10に記載の表面波プラズマ処理装置。
- 前記マイクロ波放射機構において、前記誘電体部材の厚さを相対的に薄く維持したまま、前記閉回路の長さがnλ0±δとなるように、前記スロットの厚さが相対的に厚くされる、請求項10に記載の表面波プラズマ処理装置。
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TW201344741A (zh) | 2013-11-01 |
JP2013175430A (ja) | 2013-09-05 |
TWI584340B (zh) | 2017-05-21 |
KR20140117630A (ko) | 2014-10-07 |
US20140361684A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
JP6010406B2 (ja) | 2016-10-19 |
US9520272B2 (en) | 2016-12-13 |
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