WO2013105085A1 - Réseau ad hoc mobile avec intervalle de garde réduit - Google Patents

Réseau ad hoc mobile avec intervalle de garde réduit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013105085A1
WO2013105085A1 PCT/IL2013/050008 IL2013050008W WO2013105085A1 WO 2013105085 A1 WO2013105085 A1 WO 2013105085A1 IL 2013050008 W IL2013050008 W IL 2013050008W WO 2013105085 A1 WO2013105085 A1 WO 2013105085A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
time
receiver
frequency
node
hopping
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2013/050008
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English (en)
Inventor
Michal Wermuth
Yoav WERMUTH
Original Assignee
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. filed Critical Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.
Priority to KR1020147021958A priority Critical patent/KR102141458B1/ko
Priority to BR112014016794-0A priority patent/BR112014016794B1/pt
Priority to IN1372KON2014 priority patent/IN2014KN01372A/en
Publication of WO2013105085A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013105085A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H04B1/7156—Arrangements for sequence synchronisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mobile communication. More particularly, the invention relates to a system and method for improving the spectral efficiency and scalability of mobile ad-hoc networks.
  • MANETs Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks
  • MANETs are self-formed and self-healing wireless networks that support data and/or voice communication between mobile or stationary nodes without any physical infrastructure.
  • a MANET is a type of "Mesh Network", with added mobility capabilities.
  • each node in the network may act as an independent router, regardless of whether or not it is connected to another network. It provides continuous connections and reconfiguration around broken or blocked paths by "hopping" from a node to another node, until the destination is reached.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary connection path between node "A” and node “B” in a typical Mesh network.
  • Mesh networks are self-healing: the network can still operate when one node breaks down or when the quality of a connection is low.
  • MANET is a mesh network, capable of dealing with the problems introduced by the mobility of the nodes.
  • One of the drawbacks of Mesh networks is that if several subscribers need to hop through the same node, this creates a "bottleneck" at that node, and the data rate of the contending subscribers is substantially reduced.
  • Each mobile node manages dynamic routing tables that track the MANET topology.
  • the routing tables may be established by running any routing protocol suitable for MANETs, for example Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR - an IP routing protocol optimized for mobile ad-hoc networks) or Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing protocol (AODV - a routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks).
  • OLSR Optimized Link State Routing protocol
  • AODV Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing protocol
  • OLSR is a proactive Link State (LS) algorithm that holds the radio link status information
  • AODV is a reactive Distance Vector (DV) algorithm that holds only the distances to all the other nodes.
  • the topology may possibly include additional parameters, such as link quality, physical location and channel frequency.
  • MANETs can be used either in military environment, or in areas where the existing infrastructure collapsed (e.g., disaster areas) or is not sufficient.
  • the existing infrastructure collapsed e.g., disaster areas
  • the spectrum resource is scarce, and the current MANET algorithms do not exploit the spectrum efficiently enough, in order to meet the growing needs.
  • the MANET nodes are identified by a node ID and run a distributed Medium Access Control (MAC) algorithm that allocates time resources to nodes in every MANET channel.
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • the system utilizes a limited number of radio channels, while managing every channel separately, and dividing the timeline of each channel between the MANET nodes. If the timeline is divided to slots (as shown in Fig. 2), the time division between MANET nodes is called "TDMA", namely Time Division Multiple Access (a channel access method for shared medium networks that allows several users to share the same frequency channel by dividing the signal into different time slots).
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • a MANET system with a collection of channels is in fact a collection of unconnected parallel MANET systems, each one working on its own channel only, with data rate and reliability performance limited by the width of one single channel.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for reducing the guard time of a Mobile ad-hoc networking (MANET) system during reception, according to which a transceiver architecture that is provided at each node, includes a combination of a hopping transmitter and a plurality of hopping narrowband independent receivers that are capable of receiving and processing the entire operational band assigned to the system, at once, and that include channel frequencies, dynamically selected within a wide operating bandwidth.
  • the transceiver architecture includes a non-hopping wideband receiver capable of receiving and processing the entire operational band assigned to the system, at once.
  • the transmission hopping patterns are determined to use the least possible number of frequencies. For each transmitting node, time slots in which a counterpart receiver at each remaining active node is not transmitting and a frequency channel in which no other active node transmits are found. The transmission frequency is then determined and if no other node had chosen the same time slot, and if the transceiver is not transmitting in the slot, the transmission is received, while allowing relay nodes to transmit simultaneously, using different channels. Whenever a plurality of narrowband independent receivers are used for reception, guard time is allocated to time slots on demand. Otherwise, no guard time is allocated to the time slots.
  • the wideband receiver receives several channels simultaneously and includes:
  • a global gain control unit for controlling the global gain of the reference receiver
  • ADCs Analog to Digital Converters
  • Nodes may receive and transmit by using full-duplex or half-duplex transceivers.
  • the guard time may be allocated on demand by:
  • no guard-time is allocated to time slots.
  • the guard-time allocated to time slots is reduced by: a) ordering all RF channels are by sequentially indexing according to the hopping pattern;
  • a first receiver to hop over even-indexed frequencies and to remain on each frequency for a time period equal to one time slot plus the maximal propagation delay difference that can occur between any two nodes; and c) allowing a second receiver, staggered in time by one time slot relative to the first receiver, to hop over odd-indexed frequencies and to remain on each frequency for a time period equal to one time slot plus the maximal propagation delay difference that can occur between any two nodes.
  • the guard time may be omitted by using more than two receivers. Whenever a single wideband receiver is used, the guard time may be omitted without channel indexing or receiver time slot synchronization.
  • the guard time may be reduced with more than one frequency hop per time slot or with maximal delay shorter than the frequency hop period.
  • the present invention is directed to a Mobile Ad-Hoc Networking (MANET) system with a reduced guard time during reception, which comprises:
  • transceiver architecture provided at each node, which includes a combination of a hopping transmitter
  • a.l a plurality of hopping narrowband independent receivers that are being capable of receiving and processing the entire operational band assigned to the system, at once, and that include channel frequencies, dynamically selected within a wide operating bandwidth, or
  • a non-hopping wideband receiver being capable of receiving and processing the entire operational band assigned to the system, at once;
  • MANET system is adapted to:
  • each transmitting node determine transmission frequency; and f. for each transmitting node, if no other node had chosen the same time slot, and if the transceiver is not transmitting in the slot, receive the transmission, while allowing relay nodes to transmit simultaneously, using different channels; g. allocate guard time to time slots on demand or otherwise, allocate no guard time to the time slots such that, whenever a plurality of narrowband independent receivers are used for reception.
  • Fig. 1 shows a conventional typical mesh connection
  • Fig. 2 shows a typical TDMA cycle
  • Fig. 3a is a block diagram of a reference receiver with two independent receiving channels, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3b illustrates a block diagram of an expanded version with four independent receive channels, according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3c illustrates a block diagram of a reference receiver, according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a wideband reference transmitter, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a possible near-far nodes displacement in a MANET system, where a node is close to one node, but is far from another node;
  • Fig. 6a shows a specific case of the MANET of Fig. 6, in which the fixed guard time allocation consumes 50% of the cycle time;
  • Fig. 6b shows a specific case of the MANET of Fig. 5, with no guard time according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 6c shows an embodiment of the invention, implemented using the improved MANET transceiver architecture
  • the improved MANET system proposed by the present invention uses a wideband receiver, along with sophisticated signal processing, in order to take advantage of the simultaneous reception of several channels, arbitrarily spread over a wideband frequency range, while remaining within the context of MANET architecture.
  • the transceiver architecture of the improved MANET system includes an independent transmitter which may operate on predetermined fixed channels, or may be hopping according to some hopping sequence and rate.
  • a spectrum - efficient MANET with increased time efficiency and reduced latency uses simultaneous reception and comprises a reference receiver and a reference transmitter.
  • a two-receiver reference configuration or a four- receiver reference configuration is chosen as the reference receiver.
  • Fig. 3a illustrates a block diagram of a prior art reference receiver with two independent receiving channels. Solid lines indicate radio-frequency (RF) paths, and dashed lines indicate control paths.
  • the receiver architecture includes at least two independent receiving paths, each one providing an individually programmable receiving channel.
  • the reference receiver 30 comprises a global band preselector 31, which selects the range and forwards it to a global Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) 32 for amplification.
  • LNA Low Noise Amplifier
  • the global range is split into sub- bands by means of programmable preselector filters 33a and 33b.
  • the Local Oscillator (LO) signals feeding the mixers 34a and 34b at variable frequencies and / (for the two channel version, as shown in Fig.
  • LO Local Oscillator
  • Multi-channel receivers up to four independent channels have already been made available commercially.
  • Rockwell-Collins offers the “FlexNet-Four”, which includes up to four receivers, independently programmable over the HF/VHF/UHF bands (2 ⁇ 2000 MHz)
  • IAI/ELTA offers the "ARC-840D", which comes in two-receiver and four-receiver configuration, independently programmable over the VHF UHF bands (30 ⁇ 1220 MHz).
  • receiver architectures with up to four independent receivers are of proven feasibility. More independent channels may be readily added by replicating the parallel branches.
  • Fig. 3b illustrates a block diagram of an expanded version (of Fig. 3a) with four independent receive channels.
  • Solid lines indicate radio-frequency (RF) paths, and dashed lines indicate control paths. Since the hardware complexity is fast- growing, more than four channels may become less practical. A similar array may be picked-up by any person skilled in the art.
  • RF radio-frequency
  • Fig. 3c illustrates a block diagram of a reference receiver, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Solid lines indicate RF paths, the dashed line indicates control path, and the wide arrow indicates a data bus.
  • ADC Analog to Digital Converters
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • Such receiver architecture is currently viable for many systems. Digital processing power is now sufficient for nearly all applications, as well as ADC technology, which is sufficient for most systems that require the highest possible dynamic range.
  • An example of a modern ADC that can be used in the implementation of the wideband reference radio receiver is the ADC 12D 1800 by National semiconductors, a dual channel ADC with a maximum sampling frequency of 1800 MHz on each of the channels. This device is specifically targeting wideband software defined radios.
  • the reference receiver processes the whole band at once, i.e., receives all the channels simultaneously.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a block diagram of a reference transmitter capable to operate in both wideband and frequency-hopping modes, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Solid lines indicate RF paths, the dashed line indicates control path, and the wide arrow indicates a data bus.
  • This transmitter architecture is the most likely to be selected for wideband applications by a person skilled in the art.
  • the samples of the modulated signal, right at final frequency are mathematically generated by the signal processing unit in a digital form, and converted to analog form by means of a high-speed DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) such as the AD9739A (Analog Devices), which is capable to operate at a rate up to 2.5 Giga-Samples/Second.
  • DAC Digital to Analog Converter
  • the signal samples out of the DAC are transformed to analog form by a global-band reconstruction filter, and pre- amplified by a low-level RF amplifier. Then the signal is fed to a power-control attenuator, whose attenuation level is dynamically controlled by the control unit.
  • a global-band filter at the attenuator output cleans-up far-out distortion products generated by the pre-amplifier.
  • the filter output is fed to an RF Driver, which amplifies it to a level sufficient to drive the final PA (Power Amplifier) to the maximal allowed transmit power.
  • the output from the PA passes through a global-band Harmonic Filter, which cleans-up the PA products at multiples of the transmit frequency, and then the signal reaches the transmit antenna.
  • the present invention proposes a new method of MANET implementation that uses the spectrum more efficiently than in prior-art, and provides higher data rates and shorter latency than existing MANET implementation methods do.
  • the improved MANET system proposed by the present invention exploits the capability of the reference receiver to simultaneously receive the whole frequency range (when the improved MANET reference receiver is employed) or several channels over a wideband frequency range (using a prior-art reference receiver), while in the context of a MANET architecture.
  • Half-duplex transceivers are flexible and easy to implement, as one is concerned only with protecting the receiver from burning- out during transmission. In one possible implementation, this protection can be easily and inexpensively achieved by means of a simple unit known as "antenna switch", which is capable to operate correctly regardless of the operating frequency.
  • the relative physical distance between every two nodes is the outcome of operational requirements in the field.
  • the above distances are not known a-priori, they have random lengths and may be very different from each other.
  • node D is close to node B, but far from node A.
  • the time delay, due to electromagnetic wave propagation from node A to node D is d. If both nodes B and A wish to transmit to node D, the propagation time of the transmission from A to D will be longer than the propagation time of the transmission from B to D.
  • node D Since according to conventional TDMA scheme, node D is listening during fixed-length time slots to receive each node in the system, if the transmission of node A arrives with delay, part of the data packet, or even the whole data packet, will be lost. This happens because node D will switch to the frequency of another node before all the data from node A reached it. The same happens also in frequency-hopping mode, where the nodes hop through several frequencies during a single TDMA time slot, because node D will hop to a new frequency before the all transmission from A on the current frequency hop has reached its destination.
  • the physical layer pre-allocates a "guard time" equal to the maximal propagation delay which can occur in the system, so that both short-delayed and long-delayed transmissions can reach their destination before the receiver is allowed to hop to the next frequency.
  • This guard time adds up idle periods to the time slot, thus slowing down the TDMA cycle and impairing the time-efficiency of the system.
  • the system allows omitting the guard time pre-allocated in the physical layer and instead, allocating it on demand.
  • This embodiment can be implemented in any prior-art receiver with two or more independent simultaneous receive channels as follows: If all RF channels are ordered by sequentially indexing them according to the hopping pattern, receiver #1 hops over even-indexed frequencies, and remains on each frequency for a time period equal to one time slot plus the maximal propagation delay difference that can occur between any two nodes. Receiver #2 does exactly the same, except that it hops over odd-indexed frequencies, and it is staggered in time by one time slot relative to receiver #1. With this arrangement, it can be easily appreciated from the example in Fig. 6b, that both close-in transmitters with short delay, and far-out transmitters, with long delay, are received correctly by either one of the receivers.
  • Fig. 6c shows an embodiment of the invention, implemented using the improved MANET transceiver architecture.
  • the receiver is "watching" at all channels simultaneously, thus it will always be ready, no matter what the delay length is, and, as opposed to the implementation with a prior-art transceiver, there is no need for channel indexing or receiver time slot synchronization, which substantially reduces both hardware and software complexity.
  • the receiver does not need to know the frequency hopping sequences of the transmitters.
  • Figs. 6a , 6b and 6c show a specific case of the MANET of Fig. 5, in which there is only one frequency hop in each transmission and the maximal propagation delay length d (that corresponds to the physical distance), is equal to a period of a single time slot.
  • the fixed guard time allocation consumes 50% of the cycle time.
  • the time-efficiency improvement due to the omission of the guard time in Fig. 6b and 6c is significant.
  • the guard time can also be saved in other TDMA schemes, with more than one frequency hop per time slot and/or with maximal delay shorter than the frequency hop period.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé adapté pour réduire l'intervalle de garde d'un système d'interfonctionnement entre réseaux ad hoc mobiles (MANET) au cours d'une réception. Le procédé selon l'invention comprend une architecture de transmission et de réception qui est prévue à chaque nœud et qui comprend une combinaison d'un transmetteur avec saut et d'une pluralité de récepteurs indépendants, avec saut, à bande étroite. La combinaison du transmetteur avec saut et de la pluralité de récepteurs indépendants à bande étroite, avec saut, permet de recevoir et de traiter, instantanément, la totalité de la bande opérationnelle assignée au système. D'autre part, l'architecture de transmission et de réception comprend des fréquences de canal qui sont sélectionnées de façon dynamique à l'intérieur d'une large bande passante de fonctionnement. En variante, l'architecture de transmission et de réception peut comprendre un récepteur à large bande, sans saut, qui est apte à recevoir et à traiter, instantanément, la totalité de la bande opérationnelle assignée au système. Plusieurs canaux, qui sont répartis de façon arbitraire sur une bande de fréquences assignée au système, sont reçus en même temps, sans que cela affecte l'architecture du système MANET. Les motifs de saut de transmission sont déterminés de sorte à utiliser le moins grand nombre possible de fréquences. Pour chaque nœud de transmission, des tranches de temps, à l'intérieur desquelles un récepteur de contrepartie, à chaque nœud actif restant, n'exécute pas de transmission, et un canal de fréquence dans lequel aucun autre nœud actif n'exécute de transmission sont trouvés. La fréquence de transmission est alors déterminée et, si aucun autre nœud n'a choisi la même tranche de temps, et si l'appareil émetteur-récepteur n'exécute pas de transmission dans la tranche de temps, la transmission est reçue. Cela permet dans le même temps à des nœuds relais d'exécuter une transmission en même temps au moyen de différents canaux. Chaque fois qu'une pluralité de récepteurs indépendants à bande étroite est utilisée pour la réception, un intervalle de garde est alloué à des tranches de temps, sur demande. Autrement, aucun intervalle de garde n'est alloué aux tranches de temps.
PCT/IL2013/050008 2012-01-12 2013-01-03 Réseau ad hoc mobile avec intervalle de garde réduit WO2013105085A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020147021958A KR102141458B1 (ko) 2012-01-12 2013-01-03 감소된 보호 시간을 가진 모바일 애드혹 네트워크
BR112014016794-0A BR112014016794B1 (pt) 2012-01-12 2013-01-03 Método para reduzir o tempo de guarda de um sistema em rede específico móvel (manet), e, sistema em rede específico móvel (manet)
IN1372KON2014 IN2014KN01372A (fr) 2012-01-12 2013-01-03

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL217506 2012-01-12
IL217506A IL217506A (en) 2012-01-12 2012-01-12 Mobile ad hoc network with shortened security time

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BR (1) BR112014016794B1 (fr)
IL (1) IL217506A (fr)
IN (1) IN2014KN01372A (fr)
WO (1) WO2013105085A1 (fr)

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EP3641420A1 (fr) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-22 Thales Synchronisation radio pour systemes a saut de frequence
CN111328081A (zh) * 2020-02-26 2020-06-23 广州布塔智能科技有限公司 一种无线自组网方法
WO2022047232A1 (fr) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-03 Trellisware Technologies, Inc. Procédés et systèmes d'accès à multiplexage par répartition dans le temps à canaux multiples
US11671234B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2023-06-06 Shalom Tsruya Radio transceiver configured for full duplex communication over a common frequency band and an associated method
WO2024084483A1 (fr) * 2022-10-18 2024-04-25 Elbit Systems C4I and Cyber Ltd. Système et procédé de transmission de données dans un réseau de communication sans fil

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KR102276239B1 (ko) * 2020-04-16 2021-07-12 한화시스템 주식회사 시분할다중접속 기반 노드의 메시지 송수신 방법

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US20040028018A1 (en) * 2002-01-10 2004-02-12 Harris Corporation, Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Wireless communication system with enhanced time slot allocation and interference avoidance/mitigation features and related methods
US7639652B1 (en) * 2005-09-28 2009-12-29 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Inter-channel bridge node communications protocol for TDMA networks
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3641420A1 (fr) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-22 Thales Synchronisation radio pour systemes a saut de frequence
FR3087602A1 (fr) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-24 Thales Synchronisation radio pour systemes a saut de frequence
US11197255B2 (en) 2018-10-18 2021-12-07 Thales Radio synchronization for frequency-hopping systems
CN111328081A (zh) * 2020-02-26 2020-06-23 广州布塔智能科技有限公司 一种无线自组网方法
CN111328081B (zh) * 2020-02-26 2023-04-07 山东讯源通信工程有限责任公司 一种无线自组网方法
US11671234B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2023-06-06 Shalom Tsruya Radio transceiver configured for full duplex communication over a common frequency band and an associated method
WO2022047232A1 (fr) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-03 Trellisware Technologies, Inc. Procédés et systèmes d'accès à multiplexage par répartition dans le temps à canaux multiples
US11601935B2 (en) 2020-08-28 2023-03-07 Trellisware Technologies, Inc. Multi-channel time-division multiplexing access methods and systems
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WO2024084483A1 (fr) * 2022-10-18 2024-04-25 Elbit Systems C4I and Cyber Ltd. Système et procédé de transmission de données dans un réseau de communication sans fil
IL297394B1 (en) * 2022-10-18 2024-05-01 Elbit Systems C4I And Cyber Ltd A system and method for transmitting data in a wireless communication network
IL297394B2 (en) * 2022-10-18 2024-09-01 Elbit Systems C4I And Cyber Ltd A system and method for transmitting data in a wireless communication network

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IL217506A0 (en) 2012-06-28
IN2014KN01372A (fr) 2015-10-16
KR20140116189A (ko) 2014-10-01
BR112014016794A8 (pt) 2021-06-15
BR112014016794B1 (pt) 2022-08-30
IL217506A (en) 2016-06-30
KR102141458B1 (ko) 2020-08-06
BR112014016794A2 (pt) 2020-08-06

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