WO2013094582A1 - 核磁気共鳴イメージ装置および核磁気共鳴イメージ方法 - Google Patents
核磁気共鳴イメージ装置および核磁気共鳴イメージ方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013094582A1 WO2013094582A1 PCT/JP2012/082739 JP2012082739W WO2013094582A1 WO 2013094582 A1 WO2013094582 A1 WO 2013094582A1 JP 2012082739 W JP2012082739 W JP 2012082739W WO 2013094582 A1 WO2013094582 A1 WO 2013094582A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/50—NMR imaging systems based on the determination of relaxation times, e.g. T1 measurement by IR sequences; T2 measurement by multiple-echo sequences
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
- G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/32—Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
- G01R33/34—Constructional details, e.g. resonators, specially adapted to MR
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
- H01L22/10—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process
- H01L22/12—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process for structural parameters, e.g. thickness, line width, refractive index, temperature, warp, bond strength, defects, optical inspection, electrical measurement of structural dimensions, metallurgic measurement of diffusions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging method.
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance is the application of a rotating magnetic field with the same frequency as the precessing Larmor frequency to a nuclear spin that precesses in a magnetic field. This is a phenomenon in which resonance occurs.
- the static magnetic field in the central axis (Z-axis) direction
- it resonates in a pulsed manner with respect to a nuclear spin oriented in parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic field.
- the spin direction is changed in the XY-axis direction, and then the time for the spin direction to return to its original state (relaxation time) is measured to identify the bond structure and physical properties of the measurement object.
- the relaxation time includes a longitudinal relaxation time T 1 which is a relaxation time of the component in the central axis direction (Z-axis direction) of the spin precession before the pulse incidence, and a direction perpendicular to the central axis direction (XY-axis direction) ) Is a relaxation time T 2 which is a relaxation time of the component.
- the nuclear measurement imaging of spin relaxation state is (imaging) the ones MRI (Magnetic Resonance Image), the coupling structure and physical properties of the longitudinal relaxation time T 1 and / or transverse relaxation time T 2 the measurement object from the image It has become.
- MRI Magnetic Resonance Image
- T 2 H reflects the static noise received by the measurement object, so depending on the coupling state of the measurement object and the external environment , T 2 H difference is too small, making it difficult to distinguish by MRI.
- the difference in T 2 H becomes smaller as the difference in electron density of the measurement target becomes smaller. Therefore, a substance such as a semiconductor doped with a different impurity is added to the MRI. In some cases, it may be difficult to distinguish.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus capable of distinguishing what cannot be distinguished by T 2 H.
- the present inventor has conducted intensive studies, and as a result, the signal attenuation constant T 2 L (generalized lateral relaxation) of the NMR signal when a ⁇ pulse is applied to the measurement object at a predetermined interval (multiple). It has been found that there is a predetermined relationship between (time) and the dynamic noise that the spin of the measurement object receives from the external environment.
- T 2 L generally lateral relaxation
- T 2 L imaging is performed, not static noise due to the external environment.
- the present inventors have found that a mitigation characteristic that reflects various noises is extracted, and that an MRI that can clearly distinguish a measurement object that cannot be distinguished by T 2 H can be realized, and thus the present invention has been achieved.
- a probe capable of storing a sample in a static gradient magnetic field and a ⁇ pulse having a Larmor frequency corresponding to the static gradient magnetic field at a predetermined position of the sample are provided.
- An application unit that applies multiple times to the sample at a predetermined time interval;
- An image processing unit that obtains and images a relaxation time from a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal of the sample, and the NMR signal and the relaxation time have a relationship represented by the following formula (1).
- the time interval of the ⁇ pulse and the frequency of the noise are expressed by the following equation (2), whereby a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus is obtained.
- the step (a) of placing a sample in a static gradient magnetic field A step (b) of applying multiple ⁇ pulses of Larmor frequency corresponding to the static gradient magnetic field at a predetermined position of the sample to the sample at predetermined time intervals, and relaxation from the nuclear magnetic resonance signal of the sample
- a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging method characterized by comprising the step (c) of obtaining time and imaging the same.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus 1 according to a first embodiment.
- 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus 1.
- it is a graph which shows the relationship between a NMR signal and time at the time of applying the multiple pi pulse shown in FIG. 1 to Si dope GaAs.
- it is a graph which shows the relationship between a NMR signal at the time of applying the multiple pi pulse shown in FIG. 1 to non-doped GaAs.
- it is a graph which shows the relationship between a NMR signal and time at the time of applying the multiple pi pulse shown in FIG.
- a magnetic pulse (here, ⁇ pulse) having a Larmor frequency corresponding to a static magnetic field at a point to be measured is applied to a sample to be measured.
- a multiple ⁇ pulse as shown in FIG. 1 is applied.
- the pulse application interval is 2 ⁇ .
- ⁇ means 1/2 time of ⁇ pulse interval (see FIG. 1).
- the nuclides that resonate with the magnetic pulse of the measurement object to which the magnetic pulse was applied changed the direction of the spin of precession due to the nuclear magnetic resonance, and then aligned while outputting the nuclear magnetic resonance signal (NMR signal). Although the spin phase is disturbed, the following relationship (1) is established between the intensity and time of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal after the ⁇ pulse is applied in a sufficiently long time (sufficiently). .
- the signal decay constant (herein referred to as generalized transverse relaxation time) T 2 L depends on the ⁇ pulse interval 2 ⁇ , and furthermore, the ⁇ pulse interval 2 ⁇ and noise that the nuclear spin receives from the external environment (fluctuation of the fluctuation magnetic field) ),
- the following relationship (2) is established between the frequencies f for measurement.
- the noise that contributes to the generalized transverse relaxation time T 2 L is limited to the noise that satisfies the relationship of (2). Therefore, the NMR signal is acquired by changing the ⁇ pulse interval 2 ⁇ . Thus, the noise spectrum can be measured.
- a ⁇ pulse having a predetermined pulse interval in consideration of noise received by the nuclide to be measured from the external environment is incident on the sample, and the generalized transverse relaxation time T 2 L is obtained. Perform imaging.
- the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus 1 includes a probe 3 in which a measurement object is stored and a static gradient magnetic field is applied (a sample can be stored in a static gradient magnetic field), and a probe 3 includes an application unit 5 that applies a magnetic pulse, and an image processing unit 7 that performs imaging of a generalized transverse relaxation time from a nuclear magnetic resonance signal output from the sample.
- an object to be measured is placed in the probe 3 shown in FIG. 2, and a magnetic pulse is incident on the probe 3 using the application unit 5 while applying a static gradient magnetic field using a coil or the like (not shown). Multiple ⁇ pulses are applied to the sample (S1 in FIG. 3).
- the ⁇ pulse interval 2 ⁇ at this time is determined according to the external environment of the sample in consideration of noise (received from the external environment) felt by the nuclide to be measured. Specifically, for example, when the sample is a semiconductor as in an embodiment described later, a ⁇ pulse interval 2 ⁇ corresponding to a frequency region in which the interaction between the carrier and the nuclear spin causes noise is selected.
- a ⁇ pulse interval 2 ⁇ corresponding to a frequency region corresponding to a biological reaction or a reaction speed of a specific part of an organ is selected.
- a sample to which multiple ⁇ pulses are applied outputs an NMR signal, but the logarithm of the intensity of the NMR signal is that a certain number of ⁇ pulses are incident after a certain time has passed. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, it attenuates in proportion to the time (see equation (1)).
- the image processing unit 7 performs T 2 L imaging by expressing the magnitude of the generalized lateral relaxation time T 2 L by , for example, color shading (S 3 in FIG. 3).
- the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus 1 applies multiple ⁇ pulses to the sample at a predetermined time interval 2 ⁇ and generalizes from the nuclear magnetic resonance signal of the sample. Perform (lateral) relaxation time imaging.
- MRI imaging suitable for the measurement object can be performed by selecting the ⁇ pulse interval 2 ⁇ according to the measurement object.
- an image of the generalized relaxation time is obtained by changing the measurement position and the ⁇ pulse interval 2 ⁇ with respect to the measurement object in the first embodiment.
- an object to be measured is placed in the probe 3 shown in FIG. 2, and a static gradient magnetic field is applied using a coil or the like (not shown) (S21 in FIG. 10).
- the multiple ⁇ pulse interval 2 ⁇ applied to the sample that is, the frequency of the dynamic noise f to be measured is determined (S22 in FIG. 10).
- the measurement position corresponding to the applied magnetic field gradient is determined (S23 in FIG. 10). Specifically, the frequency and phase of the RF magnetic field are determined.
- a magnetic pulse is made incident into the probe 3 using the applying unit 5, and a multiple ⁇ pulse is applied to the sample at an interval 2 ⁇ determined in S22 (S24 in FIG. 10).
- the generalized transverse relaxation time T 2 L is obtained from the NMR signal (S25 in FIG. 10).
- the process returns to S23 (S26 in FIG. 10), determines the measurement positions again, and executes S23 to S25 according to the number of positions to be measured. repeat.
- the process returns to S22 (S28 in FIG. 10), determines the multiple ⁇ pulse interval 2 ⁇ again, and determines the frequency to be measured.
- S22 to S27 are repeated according to the number.
- the measurement position and the ⁇ pulse interval 2 ⁇ may be variable.
- images of the generalized transverse relaxation time T 2 L can be obtained for the same measurement object at various measurement positions and ⁇ pulse intervals 2 ⁇ , thereby understanding the characteristics of the measurement object in more detail. can do.
- the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus 1 applies multiple ⁇ pulses to the sample at a predetermined time interval 2 ⁇ , and generalizes the nuclear magnetic resonance signal from the sample. Perform (lateral) relaxation time imaging.
- the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus 1 can acquire images of the generalized lateral relaxation time T 2 L at various measurement positions and ⁇ pulse intervals 2 ⁇ .
- the characteristics of the measurement object can be understood in more detail as compared with the first embodiment.
- multiple ⁇ pulses are used to generate nuclear magnetic resonance to image the generalized transverse relaxation time T 2 L , and to support static transverse relaxation time using the Hahn echo used in conventional MRI compared with the case of performing the imaging signal attenuation constant T 2 H to.
- substrates of three types of materials GaAs (non-doped), GaAs (Si-doped, doped amount 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 ), and GaAs (Cr-doped, doped amount 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 ) were prepared as samples.
- the sample volume was increased so that the experiment with various parameters can be performed in a short time.
- the generalized transverse relaxation time T 2 L is sufficient even when the total amount of the target nuclear spin is 1/40 of this time. Has been confirmed.
- protons used in biological MRI are at least 200 times more sensitive than As (in principle, proportional to the cube of the nuclear gyromagnetic ratio).
- the generalized lateral relaxation time T 2 L can be obtained for a biological sample with a dimension sufficiently smaller than 1 mm 3 .
- the nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus was manufactured by the applicants of the present application.
- Oxford room temperature bore high-resolution NMR superconducting magnet (Oxford 300/89, made in the UK)
- RF signal generator HP8656B (made in the United States)
- DC pulse programmer Samway N210-1026S (made in Japan)
- programmable attenuator Tamagawa TPA-410 (made in Japan)
- RF power amplifier DotyDSI1000B (made in the United States)
- RF preamplifier Doty2LSeries (made in the United States), etc. .
- the T 2 L obtained in Example is the same as the actual MRI.
- nuclear magnetic resonance was generated using the Hahn echo for the above three types of samples, and a signal attenuation constant T 2 H was obtained.
- the measurement conditions are multiple except that the integration is 64 times and the pulse application is up to the first two pulses in FIG. 1 and the signal intensity of the spin echo is measured as a function of ⁇ (general Hahn echo measurement). It is exactly the same as the pulse measurement conditions.
- the sample is arranged in a plane shape (thickness is 1 mm) having a size of 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm square, and 3 ⁇ 3 pieces are arranged in an arrangement as shown in FIG. An imaging simulation was performed.
- the T 2 L imaging images embodiment shown in FIG. 9 T 2 H imaging image of the comparative example.
- the imaging image is a gray scale, was set to as the value of T 2 H or T 2 L large dark (gradation).
- T 2 L has a clear difference in the value of each sample (in the order of ms), and each sample can be clearly distinguished even in an image.
- T 2 H has a difference between GaAs (Si-doped) having an electron density as large as 10 18 cm ⁇ 2 and GaAs (non-doped) and GaAs (Cr-doped) exhibiting insulating properties.
- T 2 H is 220,230 ⁇ s of GaAs (undoped) and GaAs (Cr-doped), since the difference was only (10 [mu] s order), to distinguish the two in T 2 H by the Hahn-echo It was difficult.
- the present invention can be applied to imaging of 1 H (proton) and 13 C widely used in living bodies and medical MRI.
- the solid MRI as in this embodiment can be expected to be applied to imaging of many nuclides other than 75 As.
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Abstract
Description
前記試料の核磁気共鳴(NMR)信号から、緩和時間を求めてそのイメージングを行う画像処理部と、を有し、前記NMR信号と前記緩和時間は、以下の式(1)に示す関係を有し、前記πパルスの時間間隔と前記雑音の周波数は以下の式(2)で表されることを特徴とする核磁気共鳴イメージ装置が得られる。
前記試料の所定の位置における前記静的な勾配磁場に対応したラーモア周波数のπパルスを所定の時間間隔で前記試料に多重に印加する工程(b)と、前記試料の核磁気共鳴信号から、緩和時間を求めてそのイメージングを行う工程(c)と、を有することを特徴とする核磁気共鳴イメージ方法が得られる。
まず、測定対象である試料に、測定したいポイントにおける静磁場に対応するラーモア周波数の磁気パルス(ここではπパルス)を印加する。
3 プローブ
5 印加部
7 画像処理部
Claims (14)
- 前記印加部は、前記核磁気共鳴信号の横緩和時間が前記πパルスの時間間隔に依存し、さらに前記πパルスの時間間隔に依存する横緩和時間が、前記試料が外部環境から受ける雑音に依存することを利用して、前記試料の外部環境に応じて決定された時間間隔のπパルスを印加することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の核磁気共鳴イメージ装置。
- 前記画像処理部は、横緩和時間の大小を色の濃淡で表示することにより、前記緩和時間のイメージングを行うことを特徴とする請求項2記載の核磁気共鳴イメージ装置。
- 前記試料は半導体であり、前記πパルスの時間間隔は、前記半導体のキャリアと核スピンの相互作用が雑音となる周波数領域に対応した間隔であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の核磁気共鳴イメージ装置。
- 前記試料は生体であり、前記πパルスの時間間隔は、生体反応または臓器の特定部分の反応速度に対応する周波数領域に応じた間隔であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の核磁気共鳴イメージ装置。
- 前記印加部は、前記試料の複数の異なる位置における前記静的な勾配磁場に対応したラーモア周波数のπパルスを所定の時間間隔で多重に印加可能であり、
前記画像処理部は、前記試料の複数の異なる位置ごとに、前記試料の核磁気共鳴信号から、緩和時間を求めてそのイメージングを行うことが可能であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の核磁気共鳴イメージ装置。 - 前記印加部は、複数の異なる時間間隔のπパルスを印加可能であり、
前記画像処理部は、複数の異なる時間間隔のπパルスごとに、前記試料の核磁気共鳴信号から、緩和時間を求めてそのイメージングを行うことが可能であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の核磁気共鳴イメージ装置。 - 前記工程(b)は、前記核磁気共鳴信号の横緩和時間が前記πパルスの時間間隔に依存し、さらに前記πパルスの時間間隔に依存する横緩和時間が、前記試料が外部環境から受ける雑音に依存することを利用して、前記試料の外部環境に応じて決定された時間間隔のπパルスを印加することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の核磁気共鳴イメージ方法。
- 前記工程(c)は、横緩和時間の大小を色の濃淡で表示することにより、前記緩和時間のイメージングを行うことを特徴とする請求項9記載の核磁気共鳴イメージ方法。
- 前記試料は半導体であり、前記工程(b)は、前記πパルスの時間間隔として、前記半導体のキャリアと核スピンの相互作用が雑音となる周波数領域に対応した時間間隔を用いることを特徴とする請求項8~10のいずれか一項に記載の核磁気共鳴イメージ方法。
- 前記試料は生体であり、前記工程(b)は、前記πパルスの時間間隔として、生体反応または臓器の特定部分の反応速度に対応する周波数領域に応じた時間間隔を用いることを特徴とする請求項8~11のいずれか一項に記載の核磁気共鳴イメージ方法。
- 前記試料の所定の位置を変えながら前記工程(b)および前記工程(c)を繰り返すことにより、前記試料の複数の異なる位置ごとに、前記試料の核磁気共鳴信号から、緩和時間を求めてそのイメージングを行うことを特徴とする請求項8~12のいずれか一項に記載の核磁気共鳴イメージ方法。
- 前記試料に印加するπパルスの時間間隔を変えながら前記工程(b)および前記工程(c)を繰り返すことにより、πパルスの時間間隔ごとに、前記試料の核磁気共鳴信号から、緩和時間を求めてそのイメージングを行うことを特徴とする請求項8~13のいずれか一項に記載の核磁気共鳴イメージ方法。
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US14/367,411 US9733327B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-18 | NMR imaging device with probe, magnetic field generator and image processor using transverse relaxation time (T2L) and NMR imaging method for performing T2L imaging |
JP2013550279A JP6023084B2 (ja) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-18 | 核磁気共鳴イメージ装置および核磁気共鳴イメージ方法 |
EP12860186.1A EP2799849B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-18 | Nmr imaging device and nmr imaging method |
CA2860157A CA2860157C (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-18 | Nmr imaging device and nmr imaging method |
CN201280060866.0A CN104094105B (zh) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-18 | 核磁共振成像装置以及核磁共振成像方法 |
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WO2019168188A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-06 | 国立大学法人新潟大学 | 核磁気共鳴装置、磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴方法、磁気共鳴イメージング方法、測定条件を決定する方法、及びプログラム |
JP7412787B2 (ja) | 2019-05-17 | 2024-01-15 | 国立大学法人 新潟大学 | 核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴イメージング方法、及びプログラム |
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Cited By (5)
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WO2019168188A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-06 | 国立大学法人新潟大学 | 核磁気共鳴装置、磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴方法、磁気共鳴イメージング方法、測定条件を決定する方法、及びプログラム |
JPWO2019168188A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-01 | 2021-04-01 | 国立大学法人 新潟大学 | 核磁気共鳴装置、磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴方法、磁気共鳴イメージング方法、測定条件を決定する方法、及びプログラム |
US11320507B2 (en) | 2018-03-01 | 2022-05-03 | Niigata University | Nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus, magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, nuclear magnetic resonance method, magnetic resonance imaging method, method for determining measurement conditions, and program |
JP7193165B2 (ja) | 2018-03-01 | 2022-12-20 | 国立大学法人 新潟大学 | 核磁気共鳴装置、磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴方法、磁気共鳴イメージング方法、測定条件を決定する方法、及びプログラム |
JP7412787B2 (ja) | 2019-05-17 | 2024-01-15 | 国立大学法人 新潟大学 | 核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴イメージング方法、及びプログラム |
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US20140375317A1 (en) | 2014-12-25 |
CA2860157C (en) | 2018-07-10 |
EP2799849B1 (en) | 2020-12-02 |
EP2799849A4 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
JPWO2013094582A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
CN104094105B (zh) | 2017-07-18 |
EP2799849A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
CN104094105A (zh) | 2014-10-08 |
JP6023084B2 (ja) | 2016-11-09 |
US9733327B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
CA2860157A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
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