WO2013091477A1 - 振动信号的周期辨识方法及周期辨识系统 - Google Patents

振动信号的周期辨识方法及周期辨识系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013091477A1
WO2013091477A1 PCT/CN2012/085840 CN2012085840W WO2013091477A1 WO 2013091477 A1 WO2013091477 A1 WO 2013091477A1 CN 2012085840 W CN2012085840 W CN 2012085840W WO 2013091477 A1 WO2013091477 A1 WO 2013091477A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
period
line
balance
cycle
signal
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PCT/CN2012/085840
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄毅
杨文�
王佳茜
邝昊
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中联重科股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2013091477A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013091477A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for identifying a signal period, and more particularly to a method for periodically identifying a vibration signal and a period identification system.
  • the vibration quantity for example, acceleration, speed, displacement, etc.
  • the collected test data includes vibration signals such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, and pressure. Since the vibration signals are generally complicated, they are non-sinusoidal signals.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a cycle identification method in the prior art. As shown in Figure 1, when using the method shown in Figure 1, first estimate the range of maximum and minimum values, then determine the initial values of the maximum, minimum, and median values, determine the threshold, and then start the waveform. Detection.
  • each time a new value is detected it is determined whether the new value is greater than a sum of a median and a threshold, and if it is greater, a "search maximum” state is entered to search for a maximum value; Otherwise, it is judged whether the new value is less than the difference between the median and the threshold. If it is less, the "search minimum” state is entered to search for the minimum value.
  • the arithmetic mean of the searched maximum and minimum values is used as the new median value, and the maximum and minimum values of the previous waveform are replaced with the searched maximum and minimum values. value.
  • the prior art generally uses the following method to judge the period of the vibration signal: Give a fixed periodic line (ie, a horizontal straight line), and then pass the intersection of the curve of the vibration signal and the periodic line. To determine the cycle.
  • this method cannot handle the case where the equilibrium point of the vibration is shifted upward or downward.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for periodically identifying a vibration signal and a period identification system to solve the problem that the prior art is difficult to recognize a non-sinusoidal period and a signal that cannot be offset by the balance point.
  • a method for periodically identifying a vibration signal including: Step 1: determining an initial periodic line; Step 2, identifying and calculating a vibration signal according to an initial periodic line The balance line of each of the first N cycles, where N is a natural number; Step 3, pre-calculating the periodic line of the next cycle of the vibration signal according to the N balance lines; Step 4, according to the pre-calculated periodic line, Determining the period of the next cycle of the vibration signal, and obtaining the equilibrium line of the next cycle of the vibration signal; Step 5, calculating the amount of change between the equilibrium line of the next cycle and the equilibrium line of the previous cycle of the next cycle The period line of the next cycle of the next cycle is calculated in advance according to the amount of change; and step 6, the step 4 and the step 5 are performed cyclically.
  • the balance line in step 2 is the arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum values of each period.
  • the pre-calculated periodic line in step 3 is the sum of the balance lines of the Nth period and the amount of change of the N balance lines.
  • the pre-calculated periodic line in step 5 is the sum of the balance line of the current period and the amount of change calculated in step 5.
  • the initial periodic line is the sum of the average value of the signal over a period of time when no vibration excitation is applied and the peak value of the largest peak during that period of time.
  • a period identification system for a vibration signal comprising: a sensor for detecting a vibration signal, a signal acquisition unit, a signal filtering unit and a signal period identification unit, which are sequentially connected, the signal period identification unit is
  • the signal period identification unit is The above-described period identification method identifies the signal from the signal filtering unit. Therefore, the present invention can pre-calculate the periodic line of the next period by the amount of change of the balance line for several cycles, and can be applied to the case where the balance point of the vibration signal is shifted upward or downward.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart schematically showing a cycle identification method in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart schematically showing a cycle identification method in the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the process of identifying the period of one type of vibration signal using the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the process of identifying the period of another type of vibration signal by the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a view schematically showing the configuration of a period of the vibration signal in the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the experimental apparatus.
  • a period identification method of a vibration signal is provided.
  • the method for periodically identifying the vibration signal in the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1. Determine the initial periodic line 2.
  • the cycle line 2 is a horizontal line segment, and the start and end of a cycle can be judged by the intersection of the cycle line 2 and the curve of the vibration signal 1.
  • the time can be used as the end point of the previous cycle or the start point of the next cycle, and therefore, the end point of each cycle can be determined by the above method. Assuming that the Nth cycle and the N+1th cycle are two adjacent cycles, the time between the end point of the Nth cycle and the end point of the N+1th cycle is the cycle of the N+1th cycle, thereby Determine the start and end points of the cycle line.
  • the initial periodic line may be the sum of the average value of the signal over a period of time when the vibration excitation is not applied and the peak value of the maximum peak during the period of time, and may of course be determined by other means in the art.
  • Step 2 identifying and calculating a balance line (not shown) of each of the first N periods of the vibration signal 1 according to the initial periodic line, where N is a natural number.
  • the balance line is used to describe the equilibrium position of the vibration.
  • the balance line can be calculated by different methods according to different needs. For example, in the present invention, the arithmetic mean of the maximum value and the minimum value of each cycle can be regarded as the balance of the cycle. line.
  • Step 3 Pre-calculate the periodic line 2 of the next cycle (ie, the N+1th cycle) of the vibration signal according to the N balance lines.
  • the pre-calculated periodic line 2 is the sum of the balance line of the Nth period and the change amount of the N balance lines, and the amount of change is determined according to the change trend of the vibration signal 1, and may be a positive value, or may be Is a negative value.
  • Step 4 judging the period of the next period of the vibration signal 1 according to the pre-calculated period line 2 (for example, the period can be determined by the method described in the step 1), and obtaining the next period of the vibration signal 1 Balance line.
  • the pre-calculated periodic line 2 in step 3 is the sum of the balance line of the current period and the amount of change of the N balance lines.
  • Step 5 Calculate a change amount between the balance line of the next cycle and the balance line of the previous cycle of the next cycle (the amount of change is determined according to a trend of the vibration signal, and may be a positive value or a negative value Value), the cycle line 2 of the next cycle of the next cycle is calculated in advance based on the amount of change.
  • the pre-calculated periodic line 2 is the sum of the equilibrium line of the current period and the amount of change calculated in step 5.
  • step 6 and step 5 are performed cyclically until the end of the measurement.
  • the periodic line and the balanced line in the present invention refer to a vibration curve of the vibration signal in one or several cycles of the vibration signal (the ordinate of the vibration curve is the amplitude of the vibration signal, and the abscissa Line segments that are parallel to the abscissa of time).
  • the present invention can pre-calculate the periodic line of the next cycle by the amount of change of the balance line of several cycles, so that the next cycle of the vibration signal can be identified in real time, and the cycle of the next cycle can be determined (for example, The period can be determined by the method described in step 1, and the maximum value and the minimum value of the next period can also be obtained, and the balance value of the next period is calculated according to the maximum value and the minimum value to adapt to the vibration signal. The case where the balance point is shifted up or down. By continuously cycling, real-time identification of the vibration signal period can be achieved. In the process of identification, the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal, such as the maximum value, the minimum value, the balance line, and the like, can be simultaneously calculated.
  • the invention can recognize the period of vibration from signals such as displacement, velocity, acceleration and pressure.
  • the present invention can be used to identify periodic and extreme points of various sinusoidal physiological signals and non-physiological signals in real time, quickly and accurately, and can well follow waveform abrupt changes and fluctuations.
  • the period identification method in the present invention further comprises the step of filtering the vibration signal to remove the noise interference signal.
  • the method of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to a simple embodiment.
  • the periodic line of the N+1th cycle can be pre-calculated as 17 (that is, the value of the balance line of the Nth cycle is added to the change value of the balance line).
  • a period line can be pre-calculated by using the balance line of the N+1th cycle and the amount of change of the balance line of the N+1th cycle and the Nth cycle.
  • the balance line of the (N+1)th cycle is 14, and the amount of change between the balance line of the N+1th cycle and the Nth cycle is -1.
  • the Nth is calculated in advance.
  • the period line of +2 cycles is 13.
  • the balance line of the N+1th cycle is 16, and the amount of change between the balance line of the N+1th cycle and the Nth cycle is 1.
  • the Nth is calculated in advance.
  • the cycle line of +2 cycles is 17.
  • the periodic line can be adjusted in real time by the present invention, and can be used to identify the period of a complex signal, such as identifying a signal period in which the vibration balance line is shifted upward or downward.
  • a period identification system for a vibration signal is provided. As shown in FIG. 5, the system includes a sensor for detecting a vibration signal, a signal acquisition unit, a signal filtering unit, and a signal period identification unit, which are sequentially connected, and the signal period identification unit is based on the period identification method in each of the above embodiments. The signal of the signal filtering unit is identified. Further, the present invention can be verified using the experimental apparatus of Fig. 6. As shown in Fig.
  • the experimental apparatus includes a test platform 3 and springs 4 disposed at both ends of the test platform 3, and the elastic bodies 4 are respectively connected to both ends of the test platform 3.
  • the experimental apparatus further includes an exciter 5 and a sensor 6, the exciter 5 is connected to the middle of the test platform 3, and the sensor 6 is fixed to the test platform 3.
  • the exciter 5 is vibrated in a certain period (for example, Is), and then the vibration signal of the test platform 3 collected by the sensor 6 is identified by the present invention, thereby identifying the vibration period of the test platform (for example, 1.01). s).
  • the error between the identified period and the actual period of the present invention is within the allowable range.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

一种振动信号的周期辨识方法及周期辨识系统。周期辨识方法包括:步骤1,确定初始的周期线;步骤2,根据初始的周期线辨识并计算振动信号的前N个周期中的每个周期的平衡线;步骤3,根据N个平衡线,预先计算振动信号的下一周期的周期线;步骤4,根据预先计算出的周期线,判断振动信号的下一周期的周期线,并得出振动信号的下一周期的平衡线;步骤5,计算下一周期的平衡线与该下一周期的上一周期的平衡线之间的变化量,根据变化量预先计算下一周期的下一周期的周期线;步骤6,循环执行步骤4和步骤5。该周期辨识方法通过几个周期的平衡线的变化量,预先计算出下一周期的周期线,适用于振动信号的平衡点向上或向下偏移的情况。

Description

振动信号的周期辨识方法及周期辨识系统 技术领域 本发明涉及信号周期的辨识方法, 更具体地, 涉及一种振动信号的周期辨识方法 及周期辨识系统。 背景技术 机械系统的振动测试中, 一般通过传感器等测量运动机械在外界激励或运行工况 中其重要部位的振动量(例如加速度、速度、位移等),从而了解机械系统的工作状态。 在工程机械的振动试验中, 采集得到的试验数据包括位移、 速度、 加速度、 压力 等振动信号。 由于振动信号一般都比较复杂, 属于非正弦类的信号。 对于非正弦类的 信号来说, 不但周期会发生变化, 而且其振动的平衡点也可能向上或向下偏移, 另外 噪声的影响也可能比较明显。 图 1示出了现有技术中的一种周期辨识方法的流程图。 如图 1所示, 采用图 1所 示的方法时, 首先在估计出最大值和最小值的范围, 然后确定最大值、 最小值和中值 的初始值, 并确定门限值, 然后开始波形检测。 具体地说, 在对一个波形进行辨识时, 每检测到一个新值, 就判断新值是否大于中值与门限值之和, 如果大于, 则进入 "搜索 最大值"状态以搜索最大值; 否则判断该新值是否小于中值与门限值之差, 如果小于, 就进入"搜索最小值"状态以搜索最小值。 在对下一个新的波形进行检测之前, 用搜索 到的最大值和最小值的算术平均值作为新的中值, 同时用搜索到的最大值和最小值替 换上一次波形时的最大值和最小值。 由于正弦类的信号的最大值和最小值的区间占周期一半, 因此, 采用图 1中的方 法时, 可以得到较为准确的周期, 但是对于非正弦类的复杂信号来说, 采用图 1中的 方法得到的周期具有较大的误差。 另外, 在工程机械的振动测试中, 现有技术对振动信号的周期进行判断时通常还 采用以下方法: 给出一条固定周期线(即水平直线), 然后通过振动信号的曲线与周期 线的交点来确定周期。但是,这种方法不能处理振动的平衡点向上或向下偏移的情形。 发明内容 本发明旨在提供一种振动信号的周期辨识方法及周期辨识系统, 以解决现有技术 难以辨识非正弦的周期及不能对平衡点发生偏移的信号进行辨识的问题。 为解决上述技术问题, 根据本发明的第一方面, 提供了一种振动信号的周期辨识 方法, 包括: 步骤 1, 确定初始的周期线; 步骤 2, 根据初始的周期线辨识并计算振动 信号的前 N个周期中的每个周期的平衡线, 其中 N为自然数; 步骤 3, 根据 N个平衡 线, 预先计算振动信号的下一周期的周期线; 步骤 4, 根据预先计算出的周期线, 判 断振动信号的下一周期的周期, 并得出振动信号的下一周期的平衡线; 步骤 5, 计算 下一周期的平衡线与该下一周期的上一周期的平衡线之间的变化量, 根据变化量预先 计算出下一周期的下一周期的周期线; 步骤 6, 循环执行步骤 4和步骤 5。 进一步地, 步骤 2中的平衡线是每个周期的最大值和最小值的算术平均值。 进一步地,步骤 3中预先计算出的周期线是第 N个周期的平衡线与 N个平衡线的 变化量之和。 进一步地, 步骤 5中预先计算出的周期线是当前周期的平衡线与步骤 5中计算出 的变化量之和。 进一步地, 初始的周期线是未施加振动激励时的一段时间内的信号平均值与该段 时间内最大峰的峰值之和。 根据本发明的第二方面, 提供了一种振动信号的周期辨识系统, 包括依次连接的 用于检测振动信号的传感器、 信号采集单元、 信号滤波单元和信号周期辨识单元, 该 信号周期辨识单元根据上述的周期辨识方法对来自信号滤波单元的信号进行辨识。 因此, 本发明可以通过几个周期的平衡线的变化量, 预先计算出下一周期的周期 线, 可适用于振动信号的平衡点向上或上下偏移的情况。 附图说明 构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明的示意性实 施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中: 图 1示意性示出了现有技术中的周期辨识方法的流程图; 图 2示意性示出了本发明中的周期辨识方法的流程图; 图 3示意性示出了采用本发明对一种类型的振动信号的周期进行辨识的过程示意 图; 图 4示意性示出了采用本发明对另一种类型的振动信号的周期进行辨识的过程示 意图; 图 5示意性示出了本发明中的振动信号的周期辨识系统的结构示意图; 以及 图 6示意性示出了实验装置的结构示意图。 具体实施方式 以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明, 但是本发明可以由权利要求限定 和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。 作为本发明的第一方面, 提供了一种振动信号的周期辨识方法。 请参考图 2, 本 发明中的振动信号的周期辨识方法包括以下步骤: 步骤 1, 确定初始的周期线 2。周期线 2是一条水平的线段, 通过周期线 2与振动 信号 1的曲线的交点可以判断一个周期的开始和结束。 例如, 由于采集到的振动信号 1是离散的, 在相邻两个数据点中, 如果前一个数据点的数值小于或等于周期线 2的 纵坐标值, 而后一个数据点的数值大于或等于周期线 2的纵坐标值, 那么该时刻可作 为前一个周期的结束点或下一个周期的开始点, 因此, 可以通过上述的方法确定每个 周期的结束点。 假设第 N周期与第 N+1周期是相邻的两个周期, 那么第 N周期的结 束点与第 N+1周期的结束点之间的时间即为第 N+1周期的周期,从而可以判定周期线 的起始点和结束点。 另外, 初始的周期线可以是未施加振动激励时的一段时间内的信 号平均值与该段时间内最大峰的峰值之和,当然也可以采用本领域的其它方式确定的。 步骤 2, 根据初始的周期线辨识并计算振动信号 1的前 N个周期中的每个周期的 平衡线 (未示出), 其中, N为自然数。 平衡线用来描述振动的平衡位置, 平衡线可根 据不同的需要采用不同的方法计算得到, 例如, 本发明中可将每个周期的最大值和最 小值的算术平均值当作该周期的平衡线。 步骤 3, 根据 N个平衡线, 预先计算振动信号的下一周期 (即第 N+1个周期) 的 周期线 2。 优选地, 该预先计算出的周期线 2是第 N个周期的平衡线与 N个平衡线的 变化量之和, 该变化量根据振动信号 1的变化趋势而定, 可能是正值, 也可以是负值。 步骤 4,根据预先计算出的周期线 2,判断振动信号 1的该下一周期的周期(例如, 可以通过步骤 1中所述的方法确定周期), 并得出振动信号 1的该下一周期的平衡线。 优选地, 步骤 3中预先计算出的周期线 2是当前周期的平衡线与 N个平衡线的变化量 之和。 步骤 5, 计算该下一周期的平衡线与该下一周期的上一周期的平衡线之间的变化 量(该变化量根据振动信号的变化趋势而定, 可能是正值, 也可以是负值), 根据变化 量预先计算出该下一周期的下一周期的周期线 2。 优选地, 该预先计算出的周期线 2 是当前周期的平衡线与步骤 5中计算出的变化量之和。 步骤 6, 循环执行步骤 4和步骤 5, 直到测量结束。 其中, 图 2中的横轴表示时间, 纵值表示信号值的大小。 需要说明的是,本发明中的周期线和平衡线是指在振动信号的一个或几个周期中, 与该振动信号的振动曲线 (该振动曲线的纵坐标为振动信号的幅值, 横坐标为时间) 的横坐标相平行的线段。 因此, 本发明可以通过几个周期的平衡线的变化量, 预先计算出下一周期的周期 线,从而可以实时地对振动信号的下一个周期进行识别,判断出下一个周期的周期(例 如,可以通过步骤 1中所述的方法确定周期), 同时还可获得下一周期的最大值和最小 值, 并依据该最大值和最小值计算出该下一周期的平衡值, 以适应振动信号的平衡点 向上或上下偏移的情况。 如此不断地循环, 就能实现对振动信号周期的实时辨识。 本发明在辨识的过程中, 可同时地计算振动信号的特征参数, 如最大值、最小值、 平衡线等。 本发明可从位移、 速度、 加速度、 压力等信号中辨识出振动的周期。 另外, 本发明可用于实时、 快速、 准确地对各种正弦类的生理信号和非生理信号的周期和极 值点进行辨识, 且能够很好地跟随波形突变和波动的情况。 优选地, 本发明中的周期辨识方法还包括对振动信号进行滤波的步骤, 以除去噪 声干扰信号。 下面对过一个简单的实施例, 对本发明中的方法进行详细说明。 在未施加激励信号时, 获取传感器的输出信号, 测得该信号在一段时间内的变化 范围是 10~15, 经过计算确定初始的周期线为 12。 然后, 利用该初始的周期线对 N个 (例如两个) 连接的周期进行辨识, 假设辨识后这 N个周期的平衡线的变化值为 +2, 且第 N个周期的平衡线为 15, 那么可以预先计算出第 N+1个周期的周期线为 17 (即 将第 N个周期的平衡线的值加上该平衡线的变化值)。 对于第 N+2个周期来说, 可以采用第 N+1个周期的平衡线以及第 N+1个周期与 第 N个周期的平衡线的变化量来预先计算一个周期线。在一个实施例中,第 N+1个周 期的平衡线为 14, 那么第 N+1个周期与第 N个周期的平衡线之间的变化量为 -1, 此 时, 预先计算出第 N+2个周期的周期线为 13。 在另一个实施例中, 第 N+1个周期的 平衡线为 16, 那么第 N+1个周期与第 N个周期的平衡线之间的变化量为 1, 此时, 预 先计算出第 N+2个周期的周期线为 17。 进一步地, 图 3和图 4示意性地给出了使用本发明对两种类型的复杂信号的周期 进行辨识的过程, 其中 T表示一个周期。 从图 3和图 4可以看出, 周期线是实时调整
因此, 通过本发明可对周期线进行实时的调整, 可用于辨识复杂信号的周期, 如 辨识振动平衡线向上或向下偏移的信号周期。 作为本发明的第二方面, 提供了一种振动信号的周期辨识系统。 如图 5所示, 该 系统包括依次连接的用于检测振动信号的传感器、 信号采集单元、 信号滤波单元和信 号周期辨识单元, 该信号周期辨识单元根据上述各实施例中的周期辨识方法对来自所 述信号滤波单元的信号进行辨识。 进一步地, 可采用图 6中的实验装置对本发明进行验证。 如图 6所示, 实验装置 包括试验平台 3和设置在试验平台 3的两端的弹簧 4, 且弹性 4分别与试验平台 3的 两端连接。 实验装置还包括激振器 5和传感器 6, 激振器 5与试验平台 3的中部连接, 传感器 6固定在试验平台 3上。 实验时, 使激振器 5以某一周期(例如 Is)进行振动, 然后通过本发明对该传感器 6采集到的试验平台 3的振动信号进行辨识, 从而识别出 试验平台的振动周期 (例如 1.01s)。 通过对实验结果的对比, 本发明辨识的周期与实 际周期之间的误差在允许的范围内。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种振动信号的周期辨识方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
步骤 1, 确定初始的周期线;
步骤 2, 根据所述初始的周期线辨识并计算所述振动信号的前 N个周期中 的每个周期的平衡线, 其中 N为自然数;
步骤 3, 根据 N个所述平衡线, 预先计算所述振动信号的下一周期的周期 线;
步骤 4, 根据预先计算出的所述周期线, 判断所述振动信号的所述下一周 期的周期, 并得出所述振动信号的所述下一周期的平衡线;
步骤 5, 计算所述下一周期的平衡线与该所述下一周期的上一周期的平衡 线之间的变化量, 根据所述变化量预先计算出所述下一周期的下一周期的周期 线;
步骤 6, 循环执行所述步骤 4和步骤 5。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的周期辨识方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 2中的平衡线是 每个周期的最大值和最小值的算术平均值。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的周期辨识方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 3中预先计算出 的所述周期线是第 N个周期的平衡线与所述 N个平衡线的变化量之和。
4. 根据权利要求 1-3中任一项所述的周期辨识方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 5中 预先计算出的所述周期线是当前周期的平衡线与所述步骤 5中计算出的变化量 之和。
5. 根据权利要求 1-3 中任一项所述的周期辨识方法, 其特征在于, 所述初始的周 期线是未施加振动激励时的一段时间内的信号平均值与该段时间内最大峰的峰 值之和。
6. 一种振动信号的周期辨识系统, 包括依次连接的用于检测所述振动信号的传感 器、 信号采集单元、 信号滤波单元和信号周期辨识单元, 其特征在于, 所述信 号周期辨识单元根据权利要求 1-5中任一项所述的周期辨识方法对来自所述信 号滤波单元的信号进行辨识。
PCT/CN2012/085840 2011-12-23 2012-12-04 振动信号的周期辨识方法及周期辨识系统 WO2013091477A1 (zh)

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