WO2013091260A1 - 龋齿疫苗及制备方法 - Google Patents

龋齿疫苗及制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2013091260A1
WO2013091260A1 PCT/CN2011/084876 CN2011084876W WO2013091260A1 WO 2013091260 A1 WO2013091260 A1 WO 2013091260A1 CN 2011084876 W CN2011084876 W CN 2011084876W WO 2013091260 A1 WO2013091260 A1 WO 2013091260A1
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Prior art keywords
pac
flagellin
seq
vaccine composition
composition according
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PCT/CN2011/084876
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English (en)
French (fr)
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鄢慧民
石伟
孙颖
杨菁毅
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中国科学院武汉病毒研究所
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Priority to US14/234,145 priority Critical patent/US9119803B2/en
Publication of WO2013091260A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013091260A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/02Bacterial antigens
    • A61K39/09Lactobacillales, e.g. aerococcus, enterococcus, lactobacillus, lactococcus, streptococcus
    • A61K39/092Streptococcus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/02Bacterial antigens
    • A61K39/09Lactobacillales, e.g. aerococcus, enterococcus, lactobacillus, lactococcus, streptococcus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04Antibacterial agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/54Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the route of administration
    • A61K2039/541Mucosal route
    • A61K2039/543Mucosal route intranasal
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55588Adjuvants of undefined constitution
    • A61K2039/55594Adjuvants of undefined constitution from bacteria

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to vaccine technology, more particularly to dental caries vaccines, and to methods of preparing such vaccines. Background technique
  • Dental caries or tooth decay, is a chronic infectious disease that causes regional ablation and destruction of calcified tissue. If left untreated, the teeth can cause considerable pain and discomfort and eventually lose their teeth. The maintenance of a worldwide high prevalence of dental caries and the high cost of treatment are a major public health problem.
  • Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is considered to be the primary source of bacteria causing human dental caries. Streptococcus mutans expresses a surface protein designated as antigen ⁇ / ⁇ , B, P1, or PAc. PAc plays a role in the initial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on the tooth surface and the accumulation of Streptococcus mutans on the tooth surface; therefore, PAc is considered to be a key virulence factor that promotes the pathogenesis of dental caries. Due to its importance in the cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans, PAc is recognized as the target for the development of anti-caries vaccines.
  • the titer of serum IgA antibodies was between log 2 0.7 and 2.8 under the immunization schedule used in this study. However, the purity of the antigen used in the experiment is a problem. In addition, the claimed validity may benefit from the route of administration, ie intramuscular injection.
  • PAc may be a possible antigen for the development of a vaccine against dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans
  • the present invention provides a vaccine composition for dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans infection comprising an antigen derived from the Streptococcus mutans surface protein PAc and an adjuvant derived from flagellin.
  • the invention further provides a method of preparing a vaccine composition.
  • the present invention also provides a method of preventing or treating dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans by applying the vaccine composition to an individual.
  • Figure 1 shows purified PAc and FLIC;
  • Lane 1 Immunoblot purified PAc, detected with HRP-crosslinked anti-His tagged antibody; Lane 2: Coomassie blue staining of purified recombinant PAc, SDS - PAGE;
  • Lane 3 Coomassie blue staining of recombinant FLIC, SDS-PAGE; 4 lanes: Western blot purified FLIC, detected with HRP-crosslinked anti-His tagged antibody.
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the titers of serum anti-PAc IgG, serum anti-PAc IgA and salivary anti-PAc IgA antibodies, and intranasal immunization of four groups of mice: (1) PBS; (2) 10 micrograms of PAc; (3) 10 Micrograms of PAc + 1 microgram FLIC; (4) 10 micrograms of PAc + 5 micrograms of FLIC, where the data are expressed as mean standard deviation.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing (a) serum anti-PAc IgG, (b) serum anti-PAc IgA and (c) saliva anti-PAc IgA titer, and nasal immunization in four groups of rats: (1) PBS; (2 5 3 ⁇ 4 FLIC; ( 3 ) 20 PAc + 5 FLIC; ( 4 ) 40 g PAc + 5 ⁇ g FLIC, where the data is expressed as mean ⁇ standard deviation.
  • Figure 4 shows three exemplary images showing (A) median sagittal slices of normal molars in rats (lingual part of the right jaw) and (B) median sagittal slices of rat molars (right lingual mandibular) Part of the bone), rat challenge and infection by Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt, where the arrows in the picture indicate varying degrees of caries. (C) Median sagittal section of rat molars (part of the right lingual mandible), which was immunized with 20 ⁇ g of PAc + 5 ⁇ g FLIC and subsequently challenged with Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt. Occasionally mild ecchymoses are observed and one of them is indicated by the arrow.
  • Figure 5 contains two graphs showing (A) the overall score of the four groups of rat caries, each point representing the level of sputum in one rat and (B) the singer of the different parts of the four groups of rat molars
  • Keyes Score four groups of rats were intranasally immunized: (1) PBS; (2) 5 ⁇ g FLIC; (3) 20 ⁇ g PAc + 5 ⁇ g FLIC; (4) 40 ⁇ g PAc + 5 ⁇ g FLIC.
  • the score value is expressed as the mean plus the standard deviation value.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of the construction of the pET28a-KF-PAc plasmid.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of the construction of the pET28a-KFD2-PAc plasmid.
  • Figure 8 shows the (A) SDS-PAGE and (B) Western Blot plots of purified PAc, KF-PAc and KFD2-PAc.
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the titers of serum anti-PAc IgG, serum anti-PAc IgA and salivary anti-PAc IgA antibodies, wherein the data are expressed as mean standard deviation.
  • Figure 10 includes three graphs showing (A) serum anti-PAc IgG, (B) serum anti-PAc IgA and (C) saliva anti-PAc IgA antibody titers, wherein the data are expressed as mean standard deviation.
  • Figure 11 includes three graphs showing (A) serum anti-PAc IgG, (B) serum anti-PAc IgA and (C) salivary anti-PAc IgA antibody titers, wherein the data are expressed as mean standard deviation.
  • Figure 12 is a graph showing the scores of the five groups of rat dental caries, and each point represents the score of the level of the disease in one rat expressed as the mean standard deviation value.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a vaccine for use as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent against dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans infection.
  • PAc and Huo Jingjing are separated, and then they are used to make a mixture of 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ; to buy some of the examples, PAc and «often as a single recombinant protein expression, such as PAc insertion of flagellin a hypervariable domain or a partial or total hypervariable domain that replaces flagellin; in certain embodiments, PAc and flagellin are labeled or cross-linked to a complementary group, making the two molecules very close; in certain embodiments In this case, PAc and flagellin crosslink; in certain embodiments, PAc and flagellin are adsorbed onto a carrier such that the two molecules are in close proximity.
  • the PAc antigen is a full length protein (SEQ ID NO. 2).
  • the PAc antigen is an edited version of a full length protein, including the major epitopes.
  • the edited version refers to the expression of one or more of the major epitopes of PAc in a recombinant protein in which the epitope is directly coupled or separated by some amino acids, as long as it maintains its antigenic conformation.
  • a “variant” as used throughout the application refers to a polypeptide that is functional and at least 90% homologous to the sequence identified in the sequence listing, more preferably at least 95% identity.
  • a variant of PAc refers to a polypeptide that can be used to induce an immune response against PAc with at least 90% homology to the sequence of SEQ ID NO.
  • the fusion protein comprises a cleavable linker between the PAc and the purification tag, and the tag of the fusion protein can be removed by chemical or enzymatic treatment of the fusion protein.
  • the cleavable connector can be placed anywhere in the fusion protein as desired by the user.
  • the cleavable linker comprises a DNA sequence encoding an amino acid or amino acid sequence which can be chemically or enzymatically cleaved at its C-terminus.
  • Examples of the chemical reagent for cleavage of the protein include cyanogen bromide, 2-(2 nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-bromo-3'-methylindolinium (BNPS-skatole), hydroxylamine, and the like. Cyanogen bromide cleaves the protein at the C-terminus of the methionine residue. BNPS-skatole is cleaved at the C-terminus of a tryptophan residue. Hydroxylamine is cleaved at the C-terminus of the ASN-Z group, wherein Z is glycine, leucine, or alanine.
  • Examples of the enzyme reagent for lysing the protein include trypsin, papain, pepsin, plasmin, thrombin, enterokinase, and the like. Each is cut in a specific amino acid sequence that it recognizes. For example, enterokinase recognizes the amino acid sequence -(Asp) n -lysine, where n is an integer from 2 to 4.
  • the fusion protein comprises one or more additional purification tags.
  • additional purification tags For example, six histidine residues are fused to the N- or C-terminus of PAc, allowing PAc to be purified from the Ni 2+ column. After purification, six histidine residues can be removed by chemical or enzymatic cleavage.
  • any known purification tag is suitable, including myc gene tag, marker peptide, KT3 epitope, ⁇ _tubulin epitope, ⁇ 7 gene 10 protein peptide tag, glutathione-S-transfer Enzyme (GST), Streptococcus label, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor ( ⁇ ), maltose binding protein ( ⁇ ).
  • PAc or FLIC expression vector is constructed in accordance with conventional procedures; no further details are provided in order not to obscure the invention.
  • the mucosal surface is the body's most important protective barrier due to the major subtype S-IgA, a product of the Common Mucosal Immune System (CMIS).
  • CMIS Common Mucosal Immune System
  • mucosal routes for local immunity including oral, gastric perfusion, nasal, lung, vaginal and rectal.
  • intranasal immunization has more advantages, such as more convenient administration and more prone to mucosal reactions, especially in the oral cavity.
  • Nasal administration is a convenient route of delivery and has been shown to effectively induce salivary IgA responses in gingival vaccination.
  • vaccine refers to an antigen preparation used to induce an immune response in an individual.
  • a vaccine may have more than one component that is an antigen.
  • non-protein carrier refers to a vector that is not a protein and can be used to display multiple PAc and flagellin epitopes.
  • the term “microcarrier” refers to a particulate composition that is insoluble in water and has a size of less than about 150, 120 or 100 microns, more typically less than about 50-60 microns, and possibly less than about 10 microns or even less than about 5 About micrometers. Microcarriers include "nanocarriers" which have a size of less than about 1 mil, preferably less than about 500 nanometers.
  • the carrier includes particles of a naturally occurring polymer which is biocompatible, a solid polymer particle composed of a synthetic polymer or a synthetic copolymer.
  • Solid phase microcarriers can be formed from polymers or other materials that are non-erodible or non-degradable under physiological conditions, such as polystyrene, polypropylene, silica gel, ceramics, polyacrylamide, gold, latex, hydroxyapatite, and iron. Magnetic and paramagnetic materials.
  • Biodegradable solid phase microcarriers can be derived from polymers that degrade under physiological conditions (eg, poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and copolymers thereof such as poly(D, L-lactic acid-CO-glycolic acid) or Erodible Azelaic acid (f), ) is formed.
  • microcarrier curtain is in the shape of a dome, but the hemiplegic microcarriers are also achievable (for example, elliptical, rod-shaped, etc.).
  • Microcarriers may also be in the liquid phase (eg, oil or lipid dominated), such as liposomes, antigen-free iscoms (immunostimulatory complexes, stable complexes formed by cholesterol, phospholipids, and adjuvant-active saponins), or Water droplets or micelles in an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, such as MF59.
  • Biodegradable liquid phase microcarriers typically employ a biodegradable oil, some of which are well known, including squalene and vegetable oils.
  • nonbiodegradable refers to a microcarrier that is not degraded or eroded under normal physiological conditions in a mammal. Generally, a microcarrier is considered to be nonbiodegradable if it is not degraded after 72 hours of incubation at 37 ° C in normal human serum (ie, loses less than 5% of its mass or average length of polymer).
  • mammals include, but are not limited to, humans, non-human primates, farm animals, sporting animals, laboratory animals, rodents (e.g., mice and rats), and pets.
  • an “effective amount” or “sufficient amount” of a substance means that it is of sufficient quantity to achieve the desired biological effect, such as a favorable result, including clinical results, and as such, an "effective amount” depends on the environment in which it is applied. .
  • an example of an effective amount comprising a desired antigenic composition is an amount sufficient to elicit an immune response in an individual.
  • An effective amount can be given in one or more times.
  • Treatment is a method to obtain beneficial or expected results, including clinical outcomes.
  • beneficial or desired clinical effects include, but are not limited to, reducing or ameliorating one or more symptoms, gradually reducing the degree of infection, stabilizing (ie, not worsening) infection, improving or alleviating the state of the infectious disease The state, and ease (whether part or all), whether it is detected or not detected.
  • Treatment also means prolonging survival compared to expected survival if not treated.
  • the "dose” of a vaccine composition is the amount of vaccine composition administered at a particular point in time.
  • a “dosage” may also be the amount of the vaccine composition that is gradually administered to the individual using a sustained release formulation and/or equipment.
  • two or more doses of the vaccine composition are administered to the individual at different time points.
  • the "immunologically effective amount" of PAc refers to the amount of a PAc that causes complete or partial immunity to a subsequently challenged Streptococcus mutans in a treated individual. Full or partial immunity, whether qualitative or quantitative, can be observed by comparing the clinical signs of dental caries with unvaccinated individuals and vaccinated individuals after being challenged. If the clinical symptoms of the vaccinated individual are reduced, reduced or eliminated compared to the unvaccinated individual by similar or identical symptoms, the amount of PAc administered to the vaccinated individual is considered an "immunologically effective amount". .
  • the dose of PAc is 0.1 to 60 micrograms.
  • the PAc dose is from 0.25 micrograms to 15 micrograms. More preferably, the dose is 1 to
  • the vaccine of the invention may further comprise another adjuvant.
  • suitable adjuvants include squalane and squalene (or other animal derived oils); block copolymers; detergents such as Tween 80; Quil, mineral oils such as Drakeol or Marcol, vegetable oils such as peanut oil Corynebacterium-derived adjuvants, such as Corynebacterium parvum, Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, BCG or BCG); interleukins such as interleukin-2 and interleukin 12; monocytes such as interleukin-1, Tumor necrosis factor; interferon such as gamma interference; surface active substances such as cetylamine, octadecylamine, octadecyl amino acid ester, lysolecithin and polyol; oil emulsion; and minerals such as aluminum phosphate, hydroxide Aluminum or alum gel.
  • compositions of the present invention can be formulated with excipients that are tolerated by the subject being treated.
  • excipients include water, saline, Ringer's solution, dextrose solution, Hank's solution, and other aqueous physiologically balanced salt solutions. Excipients may also contain minor amounts of additives such as those that increase isotonicity and chemical or biological stability.
  • the buffer include phosphate buffer, bicarbonate buffer, Tris buffer, and examples of the stabilizer include A1/A2 stabilizer.
  • Acceptable regimens for administering a therapeutic composition in an effective manner include the size of the individual dose, the number of doses, the frequency of administration, and the mode of administration.
  • One skilled in the art can determine the protocol, examples of which are disclosed herein.
  • Semi-individual or in combination with other drugs any of the routes of administration, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ but not limited to the reverse (Mugang injection (1M), intravenous (IV), abdominal cavity (IP), intradermal (ID ), through the nasal cavity, eye or oral mucosa (IN) or oral.
  • the dosage administered to the patient should be sufficient to achieve a patient-friendly response for an appropriate period of time.
  • the amount of formulation administered may depend on the individual being treated, including age, sex, weight and general health.
  • the immunotherapeutic compositions of the invention are useful for prophylactically or therapeutically immunizing an individual, such as a human.
  • an individual such as a human.
  • other animals are also included, and preferably, the ridge pusher includes domesticated animals such as livestock and companion animals.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier preferably used in the present invention may include sterile aqueous solutions, suspensions, and emulsions of nonaqueous solutions.
  • nonaqueous solvent include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate.
  • Water soluble carriers include water, alcoholic/aqueous solutions, emulsions or suspensions such as saline and buffered media.
  • Parenteral vehicles include sodium chloride solution, Ringer's dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride, lactated Ringer's solution or fixed oil.
  • Intravenous vehicles include liquid and nutrient replenishers, electrolyte replenishers such as Ringer's dextrose, and the like. Preservatives and other additives may also be present, for example, antibacterial agents, antioxidants, chelating agents, and inert gases and the like.
  • Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt was cultured in brain heart infusion culture (BHI) for 18 hours at 37 ° C. The culture was used for infection or stored in glycerol-BHI medium at -7 (TC) until use. .
  • pVAXl is the only vehicle approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in clinical trials.
  • PAc and Salmonella typhimurium flagellin used are SEQ ID NO 1 (PAc coding sequence;), SEQ ID NO 2 (PAc protein), SEQ ID NO 3 (flagellin coding sequence;), SEQ ID NO 4 (flagellin protein).
  • PAc fragment AA219-680
  • FLIC FLIC protein C-terminus and 6HisTag fusion facilitate purification.
  • the expression plasmid pET28a-PAc or pET28a-FLIC was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3), respectively, and single positive clones were verified.
  • the transformant was cultured overnight at 37 ° C in 5 ( ⁇ g / ml kanamycin Luria-Bertani (LB) medium; 0.5 mmol of isopropyl-D-galactoside (IPTG) induced logarithmic growth
  • the recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography on a Ni-NTA column (QIAGEN). The purified protein was quantified by the Bradford method and confirmed by Western blot using mouse anti-HigTag antibody (QIAGEN) and second.
  • Saliva samples were collected and injected intraperitoneally (IP) (mouse 50 ⁇ , rat 250 ⁇ ) 200 ⁇ g / ml kappa (Sigma) to stimulate flow. Saliva samples require centrifugation prior to antibody analysis. Serum and saliva samples were stored at -70 °C until they were determined by ELISA.
  • IP intraperitoneally
  • the treatment research plan is as follows. 0-3 days, adaptive feeding; Day 4-8, feeding antibiotics, eliminating bacteria in the mouth; Days 9-14, planting Streptococcus mutans to the teeth; Day 14, first exemption; Days 39 and 64, Strengthen immunity.
  • the prevention research plan is as follows. 0-3 days, adaptive feeding; Day 3, first waiver; Days 28 and 52, boosting immunity; Days 35-40, feeding antibiotics, eliminating bacteria in the mouth; Days 41-46, Planting Streptococcus mutans To the teeth. According to the above plan, four groups of rats were intranasally immunized: (1) PBS; (2) 5 FLIC; (3) 20 PAc +5 3 ⁇ 4 FLIC; (4) 40 PAc +5 ⁇ FLIC.
  • polystyrene 96-well microtiter flat-bottom microplate (Greiner, Germany), 100 ⁇ l PAC (5 ⁇ g/ml, carbonate buffer, 11 9.6), 37 ° C, 3 hours. After blocking overnight with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 4 ° C, the plate was washed 3 times, serially diluted saliva or serum was added to each well, and incubated at 37 ° C for 1 hour. Each well was washed again with PBST, and then 100 goat anti-mouse IgG or IgA (1:1000, Sigma) was added, incubated at 37 ° C for 2 hours, and washed again.
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • the rats were sacrificed, the jaws were removed, cleaned, and stained with ammonium urate. The molars were washed, and the degree of sectioning and caries was determined by the Keyes method. The extension and depth of the lesion are scored: enamel (E), superficial dentin (Ds), and mild dentin (Dm) participation. The overall score for derogation is the sum of E, DS, and DM scores.
  • this figure shows serum anti-PAc IgG, serum anti-PAC IgA and salivary anti-PAc IgA antibody titers in four groups of rats. Rats were intranasally immunized: (1) PBS; (2) 5 ⁇ g FLIC (3) 20 ⁇ g PAc + 5 ⁇ g FLIC; ( 4 ) 40 ⁇ g PAc +5 FLIC, data expressed as mean ⁇ standard deviation. The results in rats are similar to those in mice, indicating that FLIC is a potent enhancer that promotes anti-PAc antibody titers in serum and saliva and, more importantly, PAc is capable of inducing high levels of serum and saliva in the presence of FLIC Specific anti-PAc IgG and IgA antibodies.
  • FIG 4 there are two exemplary photographs showing (a) the median sagittal section of the normal molar of the rat (the right upper lingual part) and (b) the median sagittal section of the sputum of the S. mutans Ingbritt rat. (The lingual part of the right mandible), the arrows in the picture indicate different degrees of caries. Obviously, the rat model is useful because artificial caries are induced on infected rats.
  • rats in groups 3 and 4 were immunized by intranasal route, with fewer lesions than groups 1 and 2.
  • Group 4 and Group 1 P ⁇ 0.01
  • Groups 4 and 2 P ⁇ 0.001
  • Group 5 and Group 1 P ⁇ 0.001
  • Group 5 and Group 1 P ⁇
  • Rats immunized with 40 ⁇ g of PAc and 5 ⁇ g of FLIC by intranasal route showed minimal disease.
  • enamel, superficial dentin, and moderate dentin lesions Fig. 5B.
  • the average scores for the first, second, third, and fourth groups were 54.2, 54.4, 28, and 23.8, respectively. Therefore, rats in groups 4 and 5 had a 48% and 56% reduction, respectively.
  • KF-PAc The nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO 5) and amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO 6) of KF-PAc, wherein KF represents flagellin derived from Escherichia coli (SEQ ID NO 15 shows the KF nucleotide sequence; SEQ ID NO 16 Show KF amino acid sequence).
  • SEQ ID NO 15 shows the KF nucleotide sequence
  • SEQ ID NO 16 Show KF amino acid sequence
  • the upstream primers of KF were: 5, GCGCCATG GCACAAGTCATTAATACC 3, (SEQ ID NO 7), and the downstream primers were: 5, AACAAGCTTACCCTGCAGCAGAGACAGAAC 3' (SEQ ID NO 8), upstream and downstream Two restriction sites for Nco I and Hind III were introduced (underlined for restriction sites); the upstream primers for PAc were: 5, TCAAAGCTTGGAACCAATGCTGCCAATC 3, (SEQ ID NO 9), and the downstream primers were: 5, ACGTCTCGAGCTCATAAGTT GGCTCAACAG 3 '(SEQ ID NO 10), Hind III and Xho I were introduced into the upstream and downstream, respectively.
  • the pET28a was selected as the vector, and the two fragments were ligated into the vector in turn, and the ligated product was transformed into BL21 (DE 3) star; the positive clone was picked for enzyme digestion and sequencing, and the correct recombinant plasmid was named pET28a-KF-PAc.
  • the C-terminus of the expression product KF-PAc carries a 6-histidine tag.
  • a schematic diagram of plasmid construction is shown in Figure 6, where the KF fragment contains 1494 encoding 498 amino acids (1-498), and the PAc fragment contains
  • the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO 11) and amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO 12) of KFD2-PAc were amplified by PCR.
  • the upstream primer was: 5' TATAGCTAGCGGA ACCAATGCTGCCAATC 3, (SEQ ID NO 13), and the downstream primer was: 5' ATTAGGATCCGTCGTCTCATAAGTTGGCTC 3' (SEQ ID NO 14), which introduced Nhe I and upstream, respectively.
  • BamH I two restriction sites underlined indicates the restriction site
  • the fragment was ligated into the constructed plasmid pET28a-KFD2, and the ligated product was transformed into BL21 (DE3) star; the positive clone was picked for enzyme digestion and sequencing.
  • the correct recombinant plasmid was named pET28a_KFD2-PAc, and the expression product KFD2-Pac had a 6-histidine tag at the C-terminus.
  • a schematic representation of plasmid construction is shown in Figure 7; wherein the PAc fragment contains 2061 bases encoding 687 amino acids (174-860).
  • Figure 8 shows (A) SDS-PAGE and (B) Western Blot of purified PAc, KF-PAc and KFD2-PAc.
  • Example 10 shows (A) SDS-PAGE and (B) Western Blot of purified PAc, KF-PAc and KFD2-PAc.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing titers of serum anti-PAc IgG, serum anti-PAc IgA and salivary anti-PAc IgA antibodies, wherein the data are expressed as mean ⁇ standard deviation.
  • Figure 11 includes three graphs showing (A) serum anti-PAc IgG, (B) serum anti-PAc IgA and (C) saliva anti-PAc IgA antibody titers, wherein the data are expressed as mean ⁇ standard deviation.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing the keyes scores of five groups of rat dental caries, and each point represents a rat's suffering level score value expressed as mean ⁇ standard deviation value.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于由变形链球菌感染所造成的龋齿的疫苗组合物,该疫苗组合物包括从变形链球菌表面蛋白PAC派生的抗原和从鞭毛素派生的佐剂。本发明进一步提供制备疫苗组合物的方法。本发明还提供了通过将该疫苗组合物应用到个体来预防或治疗由变形链球菌引起的龋齿的方法。

Description

龋齿疫苗及制备方法
技术领域
本发明一般涉及到疫苗的技术, 更特别为龋齿疫苗, 并进一步疫苗的制备方法。 背景技术
龋齿, 或称为蛀牙, 是一种慢性传染病, 导致钙化组织的区域消融和破坏。 如果不及时治疗, 龋 齿可以引起相当大的痛苦和不适, 并最终失去牙齿。 龋齿维持一个世界性的高患病率和使得治疗的费 用非常高, 是一个重大的公共卫生问题。
变形链球菌( S. mutans )被认为是造成人类龋齿的首要病源细菌。变形链球菌表达一种表面蛋白, 指定为抗原 Ι / Π型, B , P1 , 或 PAc。 PAc于变形链球菌在牙齿表面的初始黏附和尔后变形链球菌在 牙齿表面的聚集的过程中起作用; 因此 PAc被认为是一个关键的致病因子, 促进龋齿的病理发生。 由 于其在变形链球菌的龋齿生成性(cariogenicity)中的重要性, PAc是公认的研制防龋齿疫苗的目标。
在一个早期的研究中, 雷纳等 (Lehner et al. (Immunization with Purified Protein Antigens from Streptococcus mutans Against Dental Caries in Rhesus Monkeys. Infection and Immunity 34, 407-415 (1981)))从细菌培养中直接纯化了蛋白抗原 I, I / II, II , III。 纯化抗原与佐剂 (弗氏不完全佐剂或氢 氧化铝)肌注给药。 抗原 I, 1 / Π和抗原 II (程度较轻) 引起龋齿的显著减少, 但是抗原 III没有引起 龋齿减少。 对龋齿的保护主要是与血清和龈沟液中 IgG抗体相关。 在这项研究中使用的免疫计划下, 血清 IgA抗体的滴度在 log2 0.7和 2.8之间。 然而, 在实验中使用的抗原的纯度是一个问题。 此外, 声称的有效性可能得益于给药途径, 即肌肉注射。
由于变形链球菌的感染模式, 粘膜免疫应是研制一种有效疫苗的优选。 不幸的是, 许多研究都表 明,当通过粘膜途径免疫时,没有一个合适的佐剂的 PAc是一个弱的免疫原。为了解决这个问题, Saito 等 (Protective Immunity to Streptococcus mutans Induced by Nasal Vaccination with Surface Protein Antigen and Mutant Cholera Toxin Adjuvant. Journal of Infectious Diseases 183, 823-826 (2001))从变形链球菌培 养上清中纯化了 PAc。 PAc和 MCT的鼻腔免疫诱导 PAc特异性 IgA抗体,唾液中的滴度( log2 , 6.1+/-1.7 ) 和鼻洗液样本中的滴度 ( log2 , 8.2+/ -1.5 )。 通过 PAc和 MCT的鼻腔免疫诱导的抗原特异性免疫应答 提供显著抑制变形链球菌的定植。 然而, 这项研究有严重缺陷。 首先, 使用的 PAc抗原不是一个表达 的重组蛋白; 从细菌培养直接纯化不能排除显示的成效由污染造成的可能性; 这与以上所述的莱纳研 究相似。 二, CT是有毒的; 尽管它已经被研究多年, 离人体应用仍然需假以时日。 最后, 防止龋齿 的有效性并没有直接显示。
综上所述,尽管先例中已经提示 PAc可能是一个研发针对由变形链球菌引起的龋齿的疫苗的可能 的抗原, 但是对什么是一个针对变形链球菌引起的龋齿的有效黏膜疫苗并没有指导或提示。
因此, 迫切需要的是研发一个针对变形链球菌引起龋齿的有效黏膜疫苗。 发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于由变形链球菌感染引起的龋齿的疫苗组合物,该疫苗组合物包含从变形链 球菌表面蛋白 PAc派生的抗原和从鞭毛素派生的佐剂。本发明进一步提供制备疫苗组合物的方法。本 发明还提供了通过给一个个体应用该疫苗组合物来预防或治疗由变形链球菌引起的龋齿的方法。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式进一步详细描述本发明, 但本发明不局限于这些实施方式, 任何在 本发明基本精神上的改进或替代, 仍属于本发明权利要求书中所要求保护的范围。 根据本发明的优选实施方案现在参考附图加以描述, 其中相似参考数字代表相似元素。
图 1显示了纯化的 PAc和 FLIC; (A) 1道: 免疫印迹纯化的 PAc, 用 HRP-交联的抗 His标签的 抗体检测; 2道: 纯化的重组 PAc的考马斯亮蓝染色, SDS - PAGE; ( B ) 3道: 重组 FLIC的考马斯 蓝染色, SDS - PAGE; 4道: 免疫印迹纯化的 FLIC, 用 HRP-交联的抗 His标签的抗体检测。
图 2是一个图表, 显示血清抗 PAc IgG, 血清抗 PAc IgA和唾液抗 PAc IgA抗体的滴度, 四组小 鼠滴鼻免疫: ( 1 ) PBS; (2) 10微克 PAc; (3) 10微克 PAc + 1微克 FLIC; (4) 10微克 PAc + 5微 克 FLIC, 其中数据表示为均值士标准差。
图 3是一个图表, 显示 ( a )血清抗- PAc IgG, ( b )血清抗 PAc IgA和( c )唾液抗 PAc IgA的 滴度, 四组大鼠滴鼻免疫: (1 ) PBS; (2) 5 ¾ FLIC; ( 3 ) 20 PAc + 5 FLIC; ( 4 ) 40 克 PAc + 5微克 FLIC, 其中数据表示为均值士标准差。
图 4显示了三个示范图片, 说明 (A) 大鼠正常磨牙的中位数矢切片 (右颌骨舌侧部分)及(B) 大鼠龋磨牙的中位数矢切片(右舌侧下颌骨的一部分),大鼠经变形链球菌 Ingbritt的挑战和感染, 其 中在图片中的箭头表示不同程度的龋齿。 (C)大鼠磨牙的中位数矢切片 (右舌侧下颌骨的一部分), 大鼠经 20微克 PAc + 5微克 FLIC免疫, 随后用变形链球菌 Ingbritt挑战。 偶尔可观察到轻度龋斑和 其中一个由箭头所示。
图 5包含两个图表, 显示(A)四组大鼠龋齿的整体得分, 每个点代表一只大鼠的龋水平和(B) 四组大鼠磨牙的不同部分的龋齿的凯斯 (Keyes)得分, 四组大鼠滴鼻免疫: ( 1 ) PBS; (2)5微克 FLIC; (3)20微克 PAc + 5微克 FLIC; (4)40微克 PAc + 5微克 FLIC。得分值表示为均值加上标准偏差值。 *与阴性对照组有显着性差异( P <0.05 )。 **与阴性对照组有显着性差异( P <0.01 )。 ***与阴性对照 组有显着性差异(PO.001 )。 符号: 搪瓷病变; EIS, 牙本质病变轻微; S, 中度牙本质病变。
图 6 显示 pET28a-KF-PAc质粒构建的示意图。
图 7显示 pET28a-KFD2-PAc质粒构建的示意图。
图 8显示纯化了的 PAc, KF-PAc和 KFD2-PAc的 ( A ) SDS-PAGE图及( B ) Western Blot图。 图 9是一个图表, 显示血清抗 PAc IgG, 血清抗 PAc IgA和唾液抗 PAc IgA抗体的滴度, 其中数 据表示为均值士标准差。
图 10包括三个图表, 显示 (A)血清抗 PAc IgG, (B)血清抗 PAc IgA和(C)唾液抗 PAc IgA 抗体的滴度, 其中数据表示为均值士标准差。
图 11包括三个图表, 显示 (A)血清抗 PAc IgG, (B)血清抗 PAc IgA和(C)唾液抗 PAc IgA 抗体的滴度, 其中数据表示为均值士标准差。
图 12是一个图表, 显示五组大鼠龋齿的凯氏(keyes)得分, 每个点代表一只大鼠的龋患水平得 分值表示为均值士标准偏差值。 具体实施方式
本发明可参考以下详细描述的某些实施例而更容易理解。
在这个申请书的通篇中, 在出版物被引用, 这些出版物的披露的全部成为本申请书的一部份, 为 了更充分地描述了与本发明相关的技术状态。
本发明的应用将使用, 除非另有说明, 分子生物学 (包括重组技术), 微生物学, 细胞生物学, 生物化学和免疫学的常规技术, 这些技术为该领域的一般人员所熟知。 这些技术在文献中有详细的解 释, 例: ¾口, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Mannual, second edition (Sambrook et al., 1989); Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (F.M. Ausubel et al., eds., 1987).。
本发明的一个方面提供针对变形链球菌感染引起龋齿的作为预防或治疗药剂使用的疫苗。 在一个 例中, PAc和霍屯京分开表迟, 然后莅利用它们制适 ¾茧时冉混合; 莅果些买施例甲, PAc和 « 常 作为一个单一的重组蛋白表达,例如 PAc插入鞭毛素的高变域或替换鞭毛素的部分或全部高变域; 在 某些实施例中, PAc和鞭毛素被标记或交联上互补性基团, 使这两种分子非常接近;在某些实施例中, PAc和鞭毛素交联;在某些实施例中, PAc和鞭毛素吸附到一个载体上, 使这两种分子非常接近。
在某些实施例中, PAc抗原是全长蛋白 (SEQ ID N0. 2 )。 在某些实施例中, PAc抗原是一个全长 蛋白的编辑版本, 包括主要的抗原表位。编辑版本指一个或多个 PAc的主要抗原表位在一个重组蛋白 表达, 其中抗原表位直接耦合或被一些氨基酸分开, 只要能够维持其抗原构象即可。
整个申请书中使用的 "变种", 是指一种多肽, 具有功能的, 并与在序列表中确定的序列至少有 90 %的同源性, 更优选至少有 95 %的身份。 例如, 对于 PAc, PAc的一个变种, 是指一种多肽, 能用 于诱导针对 PAc的免疫反应 , 并与 SEQ ID NO.l序列至少有 90 %的同源性。
在某些实施例中, 融合蛋白包括一个可裂解连接件, 置于 PAc和纯化标签之间, 能够通过对融合 蛋白的化学或酶处理而去除融合蛋白的标签。很明显, 可裂解连接件可以根据用户的愿望置于融合蛋 白中的任何位置。 在表达载体中, 可裂解连接件包括一个 DNA序列, 其编码可在其 C -端由化学或 酶裂解的一个氨基酸或氨基酸序列。
用于裂解蛋白的化学试剂的例子包括溴化氰, 2-(2 nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-溴 -3'-methylindolinium ( BNPS-skatole ), 羟胺, 和类似物。 溴化氰在蛋氨酸残基的 C -末端裂解蛋白。 BNPS-skatole在一个 色氨酸残基的 C -末端切割。 羟胺在 ASN - Z基团的 C -末端切割, 其中 Z是甘氨酸, 亮氨酸, 或 丙氨酸。
用于裂解蛋白的酶试剂的例子包括胰蛋白酶, 木瓜蛋白酶, 胃蛋白酶, 纤维蛋白溶酶, 凝血酶, 肠激酶, 和类似物。 每一个在其识别的特定氨基酸序列进行切割。 例如, 肠激酶识别氨基酸序列 -(Asp)n -赖氨酸, 其中 n是一个从 2到 4的整数。
在某些实施例中, 融合蛋白包括一个或多个其它纯化标签。 例如, 6个组氨酸残基融合到 PAc的 N -或C-端, 允许由 Ni2+柱来纯化 PAc。 纯化后, 可以通过化学或酶法裂解去掉 6个组氨酸残基。 事 实上, 任何已知的纯化标签都是合适的, 这里包括 myc基因标记, 标志肽, KT3表位, α_微管蛋白 表位, Τ7基因 10蛋白肽标签,谷胱甘肽- S -转移酶( GST ),链球菌标签,牛胰胰蛋白酶抑制剂( ΒΡΤΙ ), 麦芽糖结合蛋白 (ΜΒΡ )。
如上所述, 表达载体的克隆, 构建和扩增技术是众所周知的。 因此, PAc或 FLIC表达载体按常 规程序构建; 为了不掩盖本发明,没有提供进一步的细节。
粘膜表面是身体的最重要保护屏障, 这是由于主要亚型 S-IgA,共同粘膜免疫系统(CMIS ) 的产 品。 有几个用于局部免疫的粘膜途径, 包括口腔, 胃灌注, 鼻腔, 肺, 阴道和直肠。 与其它粘膜途径 相比, 滴鼻免疫具有更多的优点, 如更方便的给药和更容易引发黏膜反应, 尤其是在口腔中。 鼻腔给 药是一种方便的投送途径和已被证明在防龋齿疫苗接种中有效诱导唾液 IgA反应。
本文所用 "疫苗,, 指一个用于在个体中诱发免疫反应的抗原制剂。 疫苗可以有一个以上的成分是 抗原。
本文所用 "非蛋白载体" 指不是蛋白质的载体, 可以用来展示多个 PAc和鞭毛素抗原表位。 "微载体" 一词是指微粒组合物, 不溶于水, 其大小小于 150, 120或 100微米左右, 更常见的 小于约 50-60 微米左右, 并可能小于约 10 微米左右或甚至小于约 5 微米左右。 微载体包括 "nanocarriers" , 这些 ί载体的大小小于 1 ί米左右, 优选地小于 500纳米左右。 ί载体包括生物相 容性自然发生的聚合物, 合成聚合物或合成的共聚物组成的固相颗粒等颗粒。 固相微载体可以由在生 理条件下不蚀或非降解的聚合物或其它材料形成, 如聚苯乙烯, 聚丙烯, 硅胶, 陶瓷, 聚丙烯酰胺, 金, 乳胶, 羟基磷灰石, 及铁磁和顺磁材料。 可生物降解的固相微载体可以由在生理条件下降解的聚 合物 (例如, 聚(乳酸), 聚(乙醇酸)及其共聚物如聚(D, L -乳酸 - CO -乙醇酸)或可蚀的 (例 癸二酸 ( f ), ) 形成。 微载体逋帘是琢形的形状, 但偏禺琢形的微载体迟也是可以接觉的 (例如, 椭圆形, 杆状形等)。 微载体也可能是液相(例如, 油或脂为主), 如脂质体, 无抗原的 iscoms (免疫 刺激复合物, 由胆固醇, 磷脂和佐剂活性的皂甙形成的稳定复合物), 或在水包油型或油包水的乳化 液中的水滴或胶束, 如 MF59。 可生物降解的液相微载体通常采用一种可生物降解的油, 其中一些是 众所周之, 包括角鲨烯和植物油。 本文所用的 "nonbiodegradable" —词是指一个微载体在哺乳动物 正常生理条件下不被降解或侵蚀。 一般地, 一个微载体被认为是 nonbiodegradable, 如果它在正常人 血清中 37°C孵化 72小时后没有被降解(即失去低于 5 %它的质量或聚合物的平均长度)。
"个体" 或 "主体" 是脊推动物, 如鸟类, 优选地是哺乳动物, 如人类。 哺乳动物包括但不仅限 于人类, 非人类灵长类动物, 农场动物, 运动的动物, 实验动物, 啮齿类动物(如小鼠和大鼠)和宠 物。
一种物质的 "有效量" 或 "足够量" 指它的量足以达到所需的生物效应, 如有利的结果, 包括临 床结果, 正因为如此, 一个 "有效量" 依赖于它被应用的环境。 在本发明的背景下, 包含所需抗原组 合物的有效量的一个例子是一个足以在个体中引起免疫反应的量。 一个有效量可以分一次或多次给 予。
"刺激" 免疫反应, 如体液或细胞免疫反应, 是指反应的增加, 可能来自反应的诱导 /或提高。 本文所用, 并在行内广为理解, "治疗" 是一种方法去获得有益的或预期的结果, 包括临床结果。 对于这项发明, 有益的或所需的临床效果包括, 但不局限于, 减轻或改善一个或多个症状, 感染的程 度逐渐降低,稳定(即不恶化)感染, 改善或緩解的状态传染病的状态, 并緩解(不论是部分或全部), 无论是检出或检测不到。 "治疗", 也意味着与如果不接受治疗的预期生存相比延长生存期。
根据本发明, 疫苗组合物的 "剂量", 是在一个特定的时间点给予的疫苗组合物的量。 一个 "剂 量" 也可能是使用緩释配方和 /或设备逐步给予个体的疫苗组合物的量。 在本发明的某些实施例中, 疫苗组合物的两个或更多剂量在不同时间点给予个体。
根据本发明, PAc的 "免疫有效量" 是指一个 PAc的量, 在一个处理的个体中引起针对随后挑战 的变形链球菌的完全或部分的免疫力。 完全或部分的免疫力, 无论是定性或定量, 可以通过观察在被 挑战后, 比较未接种疫苗个体与接种疫苗个体的龋齿的临床症状。 如果接种疫苗的个体被挑战后的 的临床症状与未接种疫苗的个体被相似或相同挑症状相比是减少, 减轻或消除, 给予接种疫苗的个体 的 PAc量被视为一个 "免疫有效量"。
除非另有定义, 本文使用的所有技术和科学名词具有通常理解的相同含义
PAc的剂量是 0.1至 60微克。 优选地, PAc剂量是 0.25微克至 15微克。 更优选地, 剂量为 1至
3微克。
本发明的疫苗可能进一步包括另一个佐剂。 合适的佐剂的非限制性例子包括角鲨烷和角鲨烯(或 其他动物源性油);嵌段共聚物;清洁剂如吐温 80; Quil, 矿物油如 Drakeol或 Marcol, 植物油如花生 油;棒状杆菌衍生佐剂, 如短棒状杆菌, 牛分枝杆菌(卡介苗, 卡介苗或卡介苗);白细胞介素如白细 胞介素 -2和白细胞介素 12; 单核细胞介素如白细胞介素 1 , 肿瘤坏死因子; 干扰素如 γ干扰; 表面 活性物质如十六烷胺, 十八烷胺, 十八烷基氨基酸酯, 溶血卵磷脂和多元醇; 油乳剂;和矿物质如磷 酸铝, 氢氧化铝或明矾凝胶。
本发明的治疗组合物可与辅料配制, 要处理的对象对辅料耐受。 这些辅料包括水, 生理盐水, 林 格氏 (Ringer's)液, 葡萄糖溶液, 汉克氏 (Hank's)溶液, 和其他水性生理平衡盐溶液。 辅料还可以含有 少量添加剂, 如提高等张和化学或生物稳定性的物质。 緩冲液的例子包括磷酸盐緩冲液, 碳酸氢盐緩 冲液, Tris緩冲液, 而稳定剂的例子包括 A1/A2稳定剂。
以有效的方式来给予治疗组合物的可接受的方案包括个人剂量的大小, 剂量的数目, 给药频率, 及给药模式。 本领域的技术人员可以确定方案, 其例子在本文中已有披露。 半独或与具他药物相结合而逋這任何给药途径禾给于, ¾栝但不限于反下 ( 肌冈注射(1M), 静 脉注射(IV), 腹腔(IP), 皮内 (ID), 通过鼻腔, 眼或口腔粘膜( IN)或口头。
在本发明的背景下, 给予病人的剂量应足以在一段适当的时间内达到有利于病人的反应。 被给予 的制剂的数量可能取决被治疗的个体, 包括年龄, 性别, 体重和一般健康状况。
本发明的免疫治疗组合物可用于预防或治疗性地免疫个体如人类。 然而, 也包括其他动物, 优选 地, 脊推动物包括驯化动物如家畜和伴侣动物。
在本发明中优选地使用的药学上可接受的载体可能包括非水溶液的无菌水溶液,悬浮液,和乳液。 非水溶剂的例子包括丙二醇, 聚乙二醇, 植物油如橄榄油, 和可注射的有机酯如油酸乙酯。 水溶性载 体包括水, 酒精 /水溶液, 乳液或悬浮液, 例如盐水和緩冲介质。 肠外用载体包括氯化钠溶液, 林格 氏葡萄糖, 葡萄糖和氯化钠, 乳酸林格氏溶液或固定油。 静脉用载体包括液体和营养补充剂, 电解质 补充剂如林格氏葡萄糖, 和类似物。 防腐剂和其他添加剂也可以存在, 例如, 抗菌剂, 抗氧化剂, 螯合剂, 和惰性气体和类似物。
提供下面的例子的唯一目的是为了说明本发明的原则或实施; 它们绝不是旨在限制或缩小本发明 的范围。
例 1
细菌
在厌氧条件下, 变形链球菌 Ingbritt在脑心浸液培养液(BHI )于 37°C培养 18小时, 培养物用 于感染或在 -7(TC下保存于甘油 -BHI培养液, 直到使用。
重组 PAc和 FLIC的表达与纯化
pVAXl是在临床试验中由美国食品和药物管理局批准的唯一载体。
所使用的 PAc和鼠伤寒沙门菌鞭毛素的基因和蛋白质由 SEQ ID NO 1 (PAc编码序列;), SEQ ID NO 2 (PAc蛋白质), SEQ ID NO 3 (鞭毛素编码序列;), SEQ ID NO 4 (鞭毛素蛋白)。 使用常规重组技术, 由核苷酸( 657-2694 )编码的 PAc片段( AA219-680 )和 FLIC从相关的菌林进行扩增并克隆到表达质 粒 ET28a中 , 分别得到 ET28a-PAc或 ET28a-FLIC0 重组 PAC和 FLIC蛋白 C-末端与 6HisTag融合 便利纯化。 表达质粒 pET28a-PAc或 pET28a-FLIC分别转化到大肠杆菌 BL21 (DE3), 单阳性克隆进行 了核实。 转化菌在添加了 5(^ 克/ ml卡那霉素 Luria-Bertani (LB)培养液中在 37 °C培养过夜; 0.5 毫摩尔异丙基 -D-半乳糖苷( IPTG )诱导对数生长期细菌。 表达的重组蛋白由亲和色谱法在 Ni-NTA柱 (QIAGEN)纯化,纯化的蛋白由 Bradford法进行定量,并通过 Wes tern blot证实,采用小鼠抗 HigTag 抗体 ( QIAGEN ) 和第二辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗鼠抗体 ( Pierce )0 Western blot 检测采用 SuperSignal化学发光底物 (Pierce), 由一个 Versadoc3000成像仪成像( BIO-RAD )。 污染的内毒素 和脂多糖(LPS) 的去除使用 AffinityPak Detoxi凝胶内毒素卸下凝胶 ( Pierce )0 最终的蛋白质制 剂的内毒素和内毒素的含量用 Limulus法(Associates of Cape Cod)进行了测定, 其值为 <0.001 EU/ 微克。
例 1
小鼠的免疫
对于剂量效应, 4组 8周龄雌性 BALB / c小鼠( N = 5 ) 滴鼻 ( i. η· )免疫 3次, 间隔为 24天: ( 1 ) PBS, ( 2 ) 10 ί克 PAc, (3) 10 ί克 PAc+1 ί克 FLIC, 或 ( 4 ) 10 PAc + 5 ί克 FLIC, 每 只老鼠的体积为 10 μΐ, 所有的蛋白质溶解在 PBS。 最终免疫 4周后, 收集血清和唾液。 从麻醉动物 放血, 然后血液样本离心获得血清。 唾液样本收集, 在腹腔( IP) 注射(小鼠 50μί, 大鼠 250 μί) 200微克 /毫升卡巴(Sigma),以刺激流量。抗体分析之前唾液样本需要离心。血清和唾液样本在 -70°C 保存, 直到它们用 ELISA法测定。
对于长期效应, 3组 8周龄雌性 BALB / c小鼠( N = 5 ) 滴鼻 ( i. η· )免疫 3次, 间隔为 24天: 贪匂 溶解 PBS。 敢终兒疫后, 莅指疋时间, 血滑和唾救样枣的收果如上所迷。
对于大鼠的剂量效应, 4组雌性 Wistar大鼠( N = 5 ) 滴鼻 ( i. η· )免疫 3次, 间隔 24天: ( 1 ) PBS; (2) 5微克 FLIC; ( 3) 20微克 PAc+5微克 FLIC; (4) 40微克 PAc +5微克 FLIC, 每只大鼠的 体积为 ΙΟμ Ι, 所有的蛋白质溶解在 PBS。 唾液和血液样本在第 3, 6, 9, 10周收集。
例 3
实验大鼠模型
六组雌性 Wistar大鼠(N = 5), 18 日龄断奶和喂食致龋饲料, Keyes 2000。 20至 22 日龄, 添 加抗生素 (氯霉素, 氨苄青霉素, 羧苄青霉素, 1.0 克 /公斤饲料或水),, 暂时抑制口腔菌群, 促进 致龋细菌定植。 24 至 26 日龄, 用预先浸泡细菌溶液的试子, 通过口腔以 lxl09CFU 的变形链球菌 Ingbritt挑战大鼠。 牙齿表面的细菌样本进行了检查, 以验证每只大鼠感染。
治疗研究计划如下。 0-3天, 适应性喂养; 第 4-8天, 喂养抗生素, 消除口腔内的细菌; 第 9-14 天, 种植变形链球菌到牙齿; 第 14天, 首免; 第 39和 64天, 加强免疫。 预防研究计划如下。 0-3 天, 适应性喂养; 第 3天, 首免; 第 28和 52天, 加强免疫; 第 35-40天, 喂养抗生素, 消除口腔内 的细菌;第 41-46天, 种植变形链球菌到牙齿。按照上述计划, 四组大鼠分别滴鼻免疫: (l)PBS; (2) 5 FLIC; ( 3) 20 PAc +5 ¾ FLIC; (4) 40 PAc +5 ί克 FLIC。
例 4
抗体分析
对于小鼠样本, 用 ELISA检测特异唾液分泌型 IgA (S - IgA)和血清 IgG和 IgA。 聚苯乙烯 96 孔酶标平底微孔板 ( Greiner, 德国), 100微升 PAC ( 5微克 /毫升, 碳酸盐緩冲液, pH值 9.6 ) 包被, 37 °C, 3小时。 在 4°C用含 1%牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)封闭过夜后, 洗板 3次, 连续稀释的唾液或血清 加入到每孔, 并在 37°C孵育 1小时。 用含 0.05 %吐温 20的 PBS ( PBST )洗板 6次; 每孔加入 100微 升的碱性磷酸酶偶联的羊抗鼠 IgG和羊抗鼠 IgA (稀释 1: 2000, SouthernBiotech)0 用 PBST 洗板 6 次后, 每孔加入 100 磷酸盐底物 (Ρ -硝基苯磷酸盐)。 在 37 °C孵育后 30分钟后, 记录在 405 腿 的光密度( 0D值 405 )。 最高稀释度的吸光度与阴性对照(没有样品)的吸光度相比超过 > 0.1 , 此最 高稀释度定义为终点滴度。
对于大鼠样本, 聚苯乙烯 96孔酶标平底微孔板 ( Greiner, 德国), 100微升 PAC ( 5微克 /毫升, 碳酸盐緩冲液, 11值9.6) 包被, 37°C, 3小时。 在 4°C用含 1%牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)封闭过夜后, 洗板 3次, 连续稀释的唾液或血清加入到每孔, 并在 37°C孵育 1小时。 每孔再用 PBST洗涤, 然后加 入 100 羊抗鼠 IgG或 IgA ( 1: 1000, Sigma公司), 在 37°C孵育 2小时, 再度洗涤。 下一步, 每孔 加入 100 碱性磷酸酶标记的兔抗鼠 IgG ( 1: 10, 000; SouthernBiotech ), 37°C孵育 5小时, 其次 是磷酸盐底物 (P -硝基苯磷酸盐), 37°C孵育 30分钟。 在 405腿读取光密度( 0D )值。 最高稀释度 的吸光度与阴性对照 (没有样品) 的吸光度相比超过 >0.1, 此最高稀释度定义为终点滴度。
例 5
大鼠龋齿评估
收集的血清和唾液样本后, 处死大鼠, 下颚被拆除, 清理, 并用紫脲酸铵染色。 磨牙洗净, 切片 和龋齿程度用凯斯(Keyes)方法确定。 龋损的延伸和深度记分为: 搪瓷( E ), 浅表性牙本质( Ds ), 和 温和牙本质 ( Dm )参与。 龋损的整体得分为 E, DS和 DM分数的总和。
例 6 统计分析
统计差异采用 Student t检验进行分析。 所有的动物实验至少重复 3次, 并以代表性的实验结果 显示。
例 7 结果
重组 PAc和 FLIC被纯化和用抗 PAc和抗 His - tag的抗体核实, 一个 85 kD的条带 (图 1, 泳道 麥照 |¾ 2, 此 並示小鼠的柷体滴度, 小鼠经滴鼻兒疫: (1 ) PBS, ( 2 ) 10微兑 PAc, ( 3) 10微 克 PAc +1微克 FLIC, 或 (4 ) 10微克 PAc +5微克 FLIC。 结果表明, FLIC是一个强有力的增强剂, 增加血清和唾液中抗 PAc抗体滴度, 更重要的是, 在 FLIC存在下, PAc能够诱导血清和唾液中高水 平的特异性抗 PAc IgG和 IgA抗体。
参考图 3, 此图显示四组大鼠的血清抗 PAc的 IgG, 血清抗- PAC IgA和唾液抗 PAc IgA抗体滴度, 大鼠分别滴鼻免疫: ( 1 ) PBS; ( 2 ) 5微克 FLIC; ( 3) 20微克 PAc +5微克 FLIC; ( 4 ) 40微克 PAc +5 FLIC, 数据表示为平均值士标准差。 大鼠的结果与从小鼠的结果相似, 显示 FLIC是一个强有力 的增强剂, 促进血清和唾液中抗 PAc抗体滴度, 更重要的是, 在 FLIC存在下, PAc能够诱导血清和 唾液中高水平的特异性抗 PAc IgG和 IgA抗体。
参考图 4, 有两个示范照片说明 (a) 大鼠正常磨牙的中位数矢切片 (右上颌舌侧部分)及(b) 感染变形链球菌 Ingbritt大鼠龋坏磨牙的中位数矢切片 (右下颌骨舌侧部分), 在图片中的箭头表示 不同程度的龋齿。 明显的, 因为在受感染的大鼠上诱导了人工龋齿, 所以大鼠模型是有用的。
参考图 5,有两个图形显示(A)四组大鼠龋齿的整体得分,每个点代表每只大鼠的龋损水平和(B) 在四组大鼠磨牙不同部位的龋齿的凯斯(Keyes)得分, 其中四组大鼠分别滴鼻免疫: ( 1 ) PBS; ( 2 ) 5 微克 FLIC; ( 3 ) 20微克 PAc +5微克 FLIC; ( 4 ) 40微克 PAc +5微克 FLIC。 数值表示为平均值加上 标准偏差值。 *与阴性对照组有显着性差异( P <0.05 )。 **与阴性对照组有显著性差异( P <0.01 )。 ***与阴性对照组有显著性差异(P <0.001)。 符号: 搪瓷病变; E1, 牙本质病变轻微; Ξ, 中 度牙本质病变。
至于整体龋损 (图 5A), 第 3和 4组大鼠通过滴鼻途径免疫, 比第 1和 2组较少的病变。 在第 4 组和第 1组( P <0.01 ), 第 4组和第 2组( P <0.001 ), 第 5组和第 1组( P <0.001 ), 第 5组和第 1 组( P <0.001 )之间有显著差异。 通过滴鼻途径免疫 40 ί克 PAc和 5 ί克 FLIC的大鼠显示最少病 变。 关于搪瓷, 浅表性牙本质, 中度牙本质病变, 也有显著差异(图 5B)。 至于搪瓷病变 (E), 在第 4组和第 1组( P <0.001 ), 第 4组和第 2组( P <0.001 ), 第 5组和第 1组( P <0.001 ), 第 5组和 第 2组( P <0.001 )之间有显着性差异;对于浅表性牙本质病变( DS ), 在第 4组和第 1组( P <0.05 ), 第 4组和第 2组( P <0.01 ), 第 5组和第 1组( P <0.01 ), 第 5组和第 2组( P <0.001 )之间有显著 差异。 由于中度牙本质病变的低龋坏评分, 这些组之间没有统计上的显著差异, 但我们依然可以看到 与其它 3组相比, 第 4和 5组的平均得分较低。
第 1, 2, 3, 和 4组的龋平均分数分别为 54.2, 54.4, 28和 23.8。 因此, 第 4和 5组大鼠分别 有 48%和 56%减少。
例 8
pET28a-KF-PAc质粒构建
KF-PAc的核苷酸序列 (SEQ ID NO 5 )和氨基酸序列 ( SEQ ID NO 6 ), 其中 KF表示来源于大肠杆 菌的鞭毛素(SEQ ID NO 15 显示 KF核苷酸序列; SEQ ID NO 16 显示 KF氨基酸序列)。 首先 PCR扩增 出 KF和 PAc片段, 其中, KF的上游引物为: 5, GCGCCATG GCACAAGTCATTAATACC 3, (SEQ ID NO 7) , 下游引物为: 5, AACAAGCTTACCCTGCAGCAGAGACAGAAC 3' (SEQ ID NO 8) , 上下游分别引入了 Nco I 和 Hind III 两个酶切位点 ( 下划线处表示酶切位点 ); PAc 的上游引物为: 5, TCAAAGCTTGGAACCAATGCTGCCAATC 3, (SEQ ID NO 9) , 下游引物为: 5, ACGTCTCGAGCTCATAAGTT GGCTCAACAG 3' (SEQ ID NO 10) , 上下游分别引入了 Hind III和 Xho I两个酶切位点。 选择 pET28a 作为载体, 将两个片段依次连入载体中, 连接产物转化 BL21 (DE 3) s t a r; 挑取阳性克隆进行酶切及测 序鉴定, 将正确的重组质粒命名为 pET28a-KF-PAc, 其表达产物 KF-PAc的 C-端带有 6聚组氨酸标签。 质粒构建示意图如图 6, 其中 KF片段 包含 1494 编码 498个氨基酸( 1-498 ), PAc片段包含
2085碱基, 编码 695个氨基酸( 501-1195 ); KF和 PAc片段之间包含 1个氨基酸组成的连接。 pET28a- D2-PAc 粒构
KFD2-PAc的核苷酸序列 (SEQ ID NO 11)和氨基酸序列 ( SEQ ID NO 12)。 首先 PCR扩增出 PAc 片段, 上游引物为: 5' TATAGCTAGCGGA ACCAATGCTGCCAATC 3, (SEQ ID NO 13) , 下游引物为: 5' ATTAGGATCCGTCGTCTCATAAGTTGGCTC 3' (SEQ ID NO 14) , 分别在上下游引入了 Nhe I和 BamH I两个 酶切位点 (下划线处表示酶切位点) 然后将片段连入构建好的质粒 pET28a-KFD2 中, 连接产物转化 BL21 (DE3) star; 挑取阳性克隆进行酶切及测序鉴定, 将正确的重组质粒命名为 pET28a_KFD2-PAc, 其表达产物 KFD2-Pac的 C-端带有 6聚组氨酸标签。质粒构建的示意图如图 7;其中 PAc片段包含 2061 碱基, 编码 687个氨基酸( 174-860 )。
图 8显示纯化了的 PAc, KF-PAc和 KFD2-PAc的 (A) SDS-PAGE图及 (B) Western Blot图。 例 10
五组小鼠滴鼻免疫: (l)PBS; (2)1微克 PAc; ( 3)1微克 PAc + 0· 7微克 KF; ( 4 )1· 7微克 KF-PAc; (5) 1.4 ί克 KFD2-PAc。 免疫三次后, 抗体分析如例 4。 图 9是一个图表, 显示血清抗 PAc IgG, 血 清抗 PAc IgA和唾液抗 PAc IgA抗体的滴度, 其中数据表示为均值 ±标准差。
例 11
11组大鼠滴鼻免疫: ( 1 ) PBS; (2) 1微克 PAc + 0.7微克 KF; ( 3) 1.4微克 KFD2-PAc; (4) 2.5 克 PAc + 1.8 ί克 KF; (5)3.5 ί克 KFD2- PAc; (6)5 ί克 PAc +3.5 ί克 KF; (7)7 ί克 KFD2- PAc; (8) 10 PAc + 7 ί克 KF; (9) 14 ί克 KFD2- PAc; ( 10) 20 PAc + 14 ¾ KF; (11) 28 克 KFD2_PAc。 免疫三次后, 抗体分析如例 4。 图 10包括三个图表, 显示 (A)血清抗 PAc IgG, (B) 血清抗 PAc IgA和(C)唾液抗 PAc IgA抗体的滴度, 其中数据表示为均值 ±标准差。
例 12
五组大鼠滴鼻免疫: (l)PBS; ( 2 )5 PAc; ( 3 )5 ¾ PAc + 3.5 ¾ KF; ( 4 )8.5 ¾ KF-PAc; (5)7 ί克 KFD2-PAc。免疫三次后,抗体分析如例 4。 图 11包括三个图表,显示( A )血清抗 PAc IgG, (B)血清抗 PAc IgA和(C)唾液抗 PAc IgA抗体的滴度, 其中数据表示为均值 ±标准差。
例 13
五组大鼠滴鼻免疫: (l)PBS; ( 2 )5 PAc; ( 3 )5 ¾ PAc + 3.5 ¾ KF; ( 4 )8.5 ¾ KF-PAc; ( 5 ) 7 ί克 KFD2-PAc。 先感染再免疫, 感染剂量为: 2xl09CFU, 感染后 12周计算得分, 龋齿分析如 例 5。 图 12是一个图表, 显示五组大鼠龋齿的凯氏(keyes)得分, 每个点代表一只大鼠的龋患水平 得分值表示为均值 ±标准偏差值。
虽然本发明的描述借助了特定的实施例, 将会了解, 实施例是说明性的, 而且发明的范围也不是 那么有限。 本发明的替代实施例对那些在与本发明相关领域的有普通技能的人来说将成为显而易见。 这种替代实施例被认为是被本发明的范围所包含。 因此, 本发明的范围是由附属权利要求所限定, 并 得到上述描述的支持。

Claims

1. 用于由变形链球菌感染引起的龋齿的疫苗组合物, 其特征在于, 所述疫苗包括:
从变形链球菌表面蛋白 PAC派生的抗原;
从鞭毛素派生的佐剂;
药学上可接受的载体。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述疫苗组合物, 其特征在于, 所述抗原是由 SEQ ID NO. 1 或 SEQ ID NO, 1 的部分编码的 PAC多肽或由 SEQ I D . 2代表的 PAC多肽变种; 戶.'1.述 PAC多 , t或变种包含至少一个抗 原表位。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述疫苗组合 其特征在于 所迷抗原是由 SEQ ID NO. 1或 SEQ ID NO. 1 的部分编码的 PAC多肽或由 SEQ ID NO. 2代表的 PAC多肽变种;
所述多肽或变种是一个交接至少两个分散的抗原表位的重组多肽。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述疫苗组合物, 其特征在于, 所述鞭毛素是由 SEQ ID NO. 3或 SEQ ID NO. 3 一个或多个部分编码的多肽或由 SEQ ID NO. 4代表的鞭毛素变种。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述疫苗组合物, 其特征在于, 所述鞭毛素是由 SEQ ID NO. 3或 SEQ ID NO. 3 一个或多个部分编码的多肽或由 SEQ ID NO. 4代表的鞭毛素变种, 所述多肽或变种包含在鞭毛素高变 域中的缺失。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述疫苗组合物, 其特征在于, 所述抗原 PAc和佐剂鞭毛素是分别表达的重 组蛋白。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述疫苗组合物, 其特征在于, 所述抗原 PAc和佐剂鞭毛素表达为一个单一 的重组蛋白, 优选的 PAC被插入到鞭毛素的高变域或替代部分或全部的鞭毛素高变域。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述疫苗组合物, 其特征在于, 所述抗原 PAc和佐剂鞭毛素表达为一个单一 的重组蛋白如 SEQ ID NO 6.
9. 根据权利要求 1所述疫苗组合¾ , 其特征在于, 所述抗原 PAC被插入到鞭毛素的高变域或替 代部分或全部的鞭毛素高变域。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述疫苗组合物,其特征在于,所述抗原 PAC被插入到鞭毛素的高变域如 SEQ ID NO 12。
11. 根据权利要求 1所述疫苗组合物, 其特征在于, 所述 PAc和鞭毛素带有标签或与互补性基团 共轭而使这两个分子非常接近。
12. 根据权利要求 1所述疫苗组合物, 其特征在于, 所述 PAc和鞭毛素共轭在一起。
13. 根据权利要求 1所述疫苗组合物, 其特征在于, 所述 PAc和鞭毛素结合到一种载体上, 而使 这两个分子非常接近。
14. 使用根据权利要求 1所述疫苗组合物来治疗个体中由变形链球菌感染引起的龋齿。
15. 根据权利要求 1所述治疗, 其特征在于, 所述个体是人。
PCT/CN2011/084876 2011-12-23 2011-12-29 龋齿疫苗及制备方法 WO2013091260A1 (zh)

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