WO2013084577A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013084577A1 WO2013084577A1 PCT/JP2012/075826 JP2012075826W WO2013084577A1 WO 2013084577 A1 WO2013084577 A1 WO 2013084577A1 JP 2012075826 W JP2012075826 W JP 2012075826W WO 2013084577 A1 WO2013084577 A1 WO 2013084577A1
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- liquid crystal
- light
- display device
- crystal display
- light receiving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
- G06F3/0418—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers for error correction or compensation, e.g. based on parallax, calibration or alignment
- G06F3/04184—Synchronisation with the driving of the display or the backlighting unit to avoid interferences generated internally
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/13338—Input devices, e.g. touch panels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
- G02F1/13318—Circuits comprising a photodetector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133514—Colour filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0412—Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/042—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means
- G06F3/0421—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means by interrupting or reflecting a light beam, e.g. optical touch-screen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04103—Manufacturing, i.e. details related to manufacturing processes specially suited for touch sensitive devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04107—Shielding in digitiser, i.e. guard or shielding arrangements, mostly for capacitive touchscreens, e.g. driven shields, driven grounds
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a liquid crystal display device including a light receiving element.
- the liquid crystal display device is provided in an information device such as a mobile phone or a mobile PC.
- an information device such as a mobile phone or a mobile PC.
- a technique for directly inputting to the liquid crystal display screen with a finger or a pointer is applied.
- the direct input method for the liquid crystal display screen is an on-cell method in which a touch panel with a sensing function is installed on the front surface of the liquid crystal panel and receives input by this touch panel, and an array substrate of the liquid crystal display device facing the sensing function as a matrix arrangement sensor.
- An in-cell system formed on a substrate and installed in a liquid crystal cell.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-171599 discloses a resistive film method, an electromagnetic induction method, a capacitance method, and an optical touch panel.
- the on-cell method in which the touch panel is disposed on the surface of the liquid crystal panel causes the thickness and weight to increase because the thickness and weight of the touch panel are added to the liquid crystal display device.
- liquid crystal display quality may deteriorate due to light reflection on the surface of the touch panel and the inner surface of the touch panel.
- the in-cell method in which the sensor is provided in the liquid crystal cell is preferable because the thickness of the liquid crystal display device does not increase as a liquid crystal display device and the display quality is hardly lowered.
- Optical sensors are being developed as sensors with sensing functions.
- liquid crystal display devices used in information equipment stereoscopic image display is being used.
- a request for a click feeling in button display with a stereoscopic display effect, prevention of malfunction by finger input, and the like. is increasing.
- finger input there is a method in which a touch panel is externally attached to the surface of the liquid crystal display device.
- an optical sensor is built in a liquid crystal panel, and an input method using the optical sensor is being developed.
- a liquid crystal display device incorporating this optical sensor may need to be compensated for in order to prevent malfunction caused by finger input due to the influence of temperature and the influence of a backlight light source.
- silicon photodiodes using polysilicon or amorphous silicon as a channel layer dark current may be generated due to changes in environmental temperature, and noise other than observation light may be added to observation data.
- noise other than observation light may be added to observation data.
- a silicon photodiode having a crystal grain boundary such as polysilicon or continuous grain boundary silicon
- variation in the position of the grain boundary directly becomes variation in photodiode characteristics, and a plurality of light beams that are homogeneous in the screen of the liquid crystal display device. It may be difficult to form a sensor.
- the phototransistor characteristics of an optical sensor using an oxide semiconductor which will be described later, are extremely uniform.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-335454
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-18458.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose a dark current correction technique using an image sensor, but a processing technique for noise caused by stable input and reflected light when an oxide semiconductor phototransistor is applied to a display device. Not disclosed.
- An oxide semiconductor photosensor does not have a large dark current associated with a silicon-based semiconductor photosensor, and does not require dark current correction.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for processing noise caused by reflected light in a liquid crystal cell, the use of a light-receiving element made of an oxide semiconductor having a uniform characteristic with little characteristic variation among a plurality of elements, and a light-receiving element for signal compensation. Does not disclose a more stable input technique.
- the specialized sensing light is always emitted in a direction different from the direction of the observer through the slit of the light shielding layer, but is irregularly reflected from the cross section of the notch portion of the black matrix and the TFT (thin film transistor) metal wiring.
- the sensing specialized light may enter the observer's eyes and display quality may deteriorate.
- the intensity of oblique emission light is switched depending on the purpose of use of the liquid crystal display device (purpose of image quality priority, security, or finger input, etc.), and the image display is increased by the difference in brightness (luminance difference). It does not disclose the reduction of signal variation due to reflected light.
- oxide semiconductor called IGZO has attracted attention.
- oxide semiconductors with a high band gap of 2.5 to 3.5 ev have extremely small dark currents, so there is less need for compensation to subtract dark currents like the above silicon photodiodes.
- a phototransistor in which a transparent channel layer is formed using an oxide semiconductor has uniform characteristics with little variation even when a plurality of phototransistors are formed in a large area. Based on such a point of view, technological development using an oxide semiconductor as an optical sensor is underway.
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-186997
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-118888 disclose an optical sensor (light receiving element) technology using an oxide semiconductor.
- Patent Document 5 discloses an optical sensor technique mainly applied to a display using an organic substance as a light emitting layer.
- Patent Document 6 relates to a display device including an optical sensor for position detection in addition to an optical sensor as an area sensor.
- Patent Documents 5 and 6 do not disclose a liquid crystal driving technique for emitting oblique light.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a liquid crystal display device in which a detection result by a light receiving element is stable with high accuracy.
- the liquid crystal display device includes an array substrate, a counter substrate, a liquid crystal panel, and a backlight unit.
- the array substrate includes a plurality of light receiving elements, a plurality of electrodes, and at least one liquid crystal driving element electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes.
- the counter substrate includes a black matrix that forms a plurality of pixel openings that correspond to a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels and is divided into a matrix in plan view, and a blue filter, a green filter, and a red filter that correspond to the plurality of pixel openings.
- a color filter layer including:
- the backlight unit has a configuration in which an array substrate and a counter substrate are opposed to each other through a liquid crystal layer.
- the backlight unit is provided on the back side of the liquid crystal panel and includes a solid light emitting element.
- the solid-state light-emitting element includes a first light-emitting element that emits short-wavelength light having a wavelength of 360 to 420 nm and a second light-emitting element that emits visible light.
- the plurality of electrodes include a light guide electrode that drives the liquid crystal contained in the liquid crystal layer to emit short-wavelength light, and a pixel electrode that drives the liquid crystal contained in the liquid crystal layer to emit visible light; including.
- the plurality of light receiving elements are phototransistors including a transparent channel layer including two or more metal oxides of gallium, indium, zinc, hafnium, tin, and yttrium, and overlap with the blue filter in plan view And a second light receiving element that overlaps the green filter, the red filter, or the black matrix in plan view.
- the detection result by the light receiving element provided in the liquid crystal display device can be stabilized with high accuracy.
- FIG. 1 is a partial plan view showing an example of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating an example of an arrangement state of sub-pixels of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement of the light receiving elements of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the first pixel electrode of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the second pixel electrode of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied to the light guide electrode of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the first pixel electrode of the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the second pixel electrode of the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied to both pixel electrodes of the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a partial plan view showing an example of a liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a state in which the liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the first pixel electrode of the liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a state in which the liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the second pixel electrode of the liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the first light guide electrode of the liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a state in which the liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the second light guide electrode of the liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a plan view showing a first example of the relationship between the planar shape of the sub-pixel and the shapes of the pixel electrode and the light guide electrode according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view illustrating a second example of the relationship between the planar shape of the sub-pixel and the shapes of the pixel electrode and the light guide electrode according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a plan view illustrating a third example of the relationship between the planar shape of the sub-pixel and the shapes of the pixel electrode and the light guide electrode according to the fifth embodiment.
- the single color display unit of the liquid crystal display device is assumed to be one subpixel or one pixel.
- the case where the liquid crystal is a vertically aligned liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy will be described as a representative example, but a horizontally aligned liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy may be applied.
- the rotation direction (operation direction) of the liquid crystal molecules when the liquid crystal driving voltage is applied may be parallel to the substrate surface or may be a direction rising in the vertical direction.
- the direction of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal driving voltage may be horizontal, two-dimensional or three-dimensionally oblique, or vertical.
- the liquid crystal display device includes a short wavelength solid state light emitting element that emits illumination light having a wavelength of 360 nm to 420 nm in addition to a light source that emits visible light in the visible wavelength range on the backlight unit. Light emission from the light emitting element is used as illumination light for illuminating an input indicator such as a finger or a pointer approaching the liquid crystal screen.
- a plurality of light receiving elements having an oxide semiconductor as a transparent channel layer are formed on the array substrate. The distance and position of the input indicator from the liquid crystal screen and the speed of movement are detected in synchronization with the light emission of the short wavelength solid state light emitting element.
- the light receiving element has a short wavelength in plan view. It is arranged at a position overlapping with a blue filter having a high light transmittance.
- the pixel electrode and the light guide electrode described in detail in each embodiment may be used as the same electrode by combining these functions.
- the sub-pixels or pixels may be arranged in different configurations. An example in which the pixel electrode and the light guide electrode are driven by different liquid crystal drive elements will be described in the first embodiment, and an example in which the pixel electrode and the light guide electrode are integrated will be described in the second embodiment.
- the pixel electrode and the light guide electrode are driven separately by different liquid crystal driving elements.
- the driving timings of the different liquid crystal driving elements may overlap.
- the liquid crystal driving element for example, a TFT can be used.
- the liquid crystal driving voltage for emitting short wavelength light (illumination light) which is light for illuminating the input indicator is applied to the light guide electrode.
- the same voltage is uniformly applied to each light guide electrode in the entire liquid crystal display screen.
- the same voltage applied to each light guide electrode can be set to a plurality of levels according to intensity switching of the emitted light, as will be described later.
- the light guide electrode is different from the pixel electrode in which various drive voltages are applied at various timings for gradation display.
- a short-wavelength solid-state light-emitting element that emits short-wavelength light with a wavelength of 360 to 420 nm, and a light source (for example, a red light source)
- a light source for example, a red light source
- Each of the visible light solid-state light emitting elements such as LEDs emitting green and blue light is preferably made to emit light at different timings.
- a light receiving element is provided as an example of an optical sensor, and noise based on reflected light in the liquid crystal panel is removed from the observation value by the light receiving element to obtain a highly accurate, uniform and stable observation value.
- a liquid crystal display device capable of 3D image display (stereoscopic display) or 2D image display will be described.
- a light receiving element a cell structure that emits illumination light, a liquid crystal operation associated with the light guide electrode and the light guide electrode, and a three-dimensional image display associated with the pixel electrode will be mainly described.
- FIG. 1 is a partial plan view showing an example of a liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a state (viewed from the observer side) of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment in a plan view.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section perpendicular to the major axis direction of a color filter such as a blue filter 14B, comb-like or striped pixel electrodes 3a and 3b and light guide electrodes 3c and 3d provided in the liquid crystal display device 1.
- a color filter such as a blue filter 14B, comb-like or striped pixel electrodes 3a and 3b and light guide electrodes 3c and 3d provided in the liquid crystal display device 1.
- the vertical alignment film, the polarizing plate, the phase difference plate, and the light receiving elements 2a and 2b shown in FIG. 1 are not shown.
- the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment can switch between three-dimensional image display and normal two-dimensional image display.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an example of the arrangement state of the sub-pixels of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement of the first light receiving elements 2a and the second light receiving elements 2b of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- 4 is a cross-section taken along the line B-B ′ of FIG. 1, and represents a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of, for example, the blue filter 14 ⁇ / b> B included in the color filter layer 14 provided in the liquid crystal display device 1.
- a vertical alignment film, a polarizing plate, and a retardation plate are omitted. The same applies to the other sectional views below.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display device 1 of the present embodiment includes a liquid crystal panel 7 having a configuration in which an array substrate 4 and a counter substrate 5 are opposed to each other via a liquid crystal layer 6, a light control element 31, and a backlight unit 30.
- the array substrate 4 includes a transparent substrate 8, a light shielding film 9, an insulating layer 10a, a plurality of light receiving elements 2a and 2b, an insulating layer 10b, common electrodes 11a to 11d, an insulating layer 10c, pixel electrodes 3a and 3b for image display, It includes light guide electrodes 3c and 3d for controlling wavelength light, liquid crystal driving elements 12a and 12b for image display, and liquid crystal driving element 12c for controlling short wavelength light.
- the light shielding film 9 shown in FIG. 6 is formed on one surface of a transparent substrate 8 such as glass.
- the insulating layer 10a is formed on the transparent substrate 8 on which the light shielding film 9 is formed.
- the light shielding film 9 is formed of, for example, the same metal thin film as the gate wiring or source wiring of the TFT.
- the light receiving elements 2a and 2b are formed on the insulating layer 10a.
- the light receiving element 2a detects light that has passed through the blue filter 14 provided in the pixel opening AP1 of the black matrix BM, but the light reflected in the liquid crystal panel 7 may also be detected by the light receiving element 2a.
- the light receiving element 2a is provided in a state where it overlaps with the pixel opening AP1 and the light shielding film 9 in a plan view and is sandwiched between the pixel opening AP1 and the light shielding film 17 in the vertical direction of the cross section.
- the light shielding film 9 can be used as a gate electrode of a transistor having a bottom gate structure described later.
- the sensitivity region of the light receiving element 2a is, for example, in the wavelength region of 360 nm to 420 nm, and it is desirable that there is a sensitivity region mainly corresponding to the emission peak of the short wavelength solid light emitting elements 35a, 35b.
- the light receiving device 2a has a light receiving sensitivity peak in the vicinity of 390 nm.
- the blue filter 14B included in the color filter layer 14 is formed to have a transmittance of 20% or more at a wavelength of 385 nm, 30% or more at a wavelength of 390 nm, and 50% or more at a wavelength of 400 nm.
- the light receiving element 2b detects the light reflected in the liquid crystal panel 7.
- the light detected by the light receiving element 2b includes reflected light from various interfaces on the counter substrate 5 side, reflected light from the interface between the counter substrate 5 and the liquid crystal layer 6, and the like.
- the light receiving element 2b overlaps with the frame portion BM1 of the black matrix BM and the light shielding film 9 in a plan view, and is provided in a state sandwiched between the frame portion BM1 of the black matrix BM and the light shielding film 9 in the vertical direction of the cross section. .
- the light receiving element 2b is a light receiving element for signal compensation.
- gallium (Ga), indium (In), zinc (Zn), hafnium (Hf), tin (Sn), yttrium (Y) can be used as the transistors of the light receiving elements 2a and 2b and the liquid crystal driving elements 12a to 12c.
- a phototransistor having a transparent channel layer containing two or more metal oxides is used.
- the transparent channel layer is made amorphous by forming the transparent channel layer with two or more or three or more complex oxides.
- the composite oxide can be crystallized by performing a heat treatment within a range of 180 ° C. to 400 ° C.
- the electrical characteristics of the photransistor and the transistor formed on the same substrate can be further stabilized.
- the heat treatment on a part of the plurality of light receiving elements by annealing with laser light By performing the heat treatment on a part of the plurality of light receiving elements by annealing with laser light, light receiving elements having different light receiving characteristics can be formed.
- the light receiving elements 2a and 2b are provided for, for example, adjacent pixels or sub-pixels.
- the light receiving element 2a and the light receiving element 2b may be connected in series, and the difference processing of the signals of these two light receiving elements may be performed.
- a separate transistor may be adjacent to the light receiving element 2a, and an amplifier circuit connected to the drain electrode and the source electrode of the transistor may be provided.
- the insulating layer 10b is formed on the plurality of light receiving elements 2a and 2b and the liquid crystal driving elements 12a to 12c.
- the common electrodes 11a to 11d are formed on the insulating layer 10b.
- the pixel electrodes 3a and 3b for image display and the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d for short wavelength light control are formed on the insulating layer 10c.
- the image display liquid crystal driving elements 12a and 12b are electrically connected to the image display pixel electrodes 3a and 3b.
- the liquid crystal driving element 12c for short wavelength light control is electrically connected to the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d for short wavelength control.
- liquid crystal driving elements 12a and 12b for image display and the liquid crystal driving element 12c for controlling short wavelength light for example, TFTs using an oxide semiconductor as a channel layer are used.
- the other surface side of the transparent substrate 8 is the back surface side of the liquid crystal panel 7, and the formation side of the pixel electrodes 3a, 3b and the light guide electrodes 3c, 3d is on the liquid crystal layer 6 side through an alignment film not shown. It becomes.
- the liquid crystal display device 1 may be a VA liquid crystal system using liquid crystal with initial vertical alignment or an ECB system using liquid crystal with initial horizontal alignment.
- a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy will be described as the VA liquid crystal, but a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy may be used.
- the VA liquid crystal a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy can also be used.
- the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 6 is basically perpendicular to the substrate surface.
- the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L14 are aligned perpendicular to the surfaces of the counter substrate 5 and the array substrate 4.
- alignment processing such as optical alignment and rubbing can be omitted for a vertical alignment film (not shown).
- strict pretilt angle control such as 89 degrees required in the conventional VA method is not necessary, and a liquid crystal with a simple initial vertical alignment such as 90 degrees is used. Can do.
- the pretilt angle means the angle between the surface of the counter substrate 5 or the array substrate 4 and the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules when no liquid crystal driving voltage is applied.
- a liquid crystal material containing a fluorine atom in its molecular structure (hereinafter referred to as a fluorine-based liquid crystal) can be used as the liquid crystal material. Since the fluorine-based liquid crystal has a low dielectric constant, it can reduce the uptake of ionic impurities, can prevent performance deterioration such as a decrease in voltage holding ratio due to impurities, and suppress the occurrence of display unevenness. be able to.
- the polarizing plate not shown in FIG. 2 can be, for example, cross black and normally black.
- the optical axes of the two polarizing plates are parallel and normally white, light emitted from a short-wavelength solid-state light emitting element described later is emitted from the liquid crystal panel surface even when no liquid crystal driving voltage is applied. It is easy to use as illumination light such as finger or pointer.
- the counter substrate 5 includes a transparent substrate 13, a black matrix BM, a color filter layer 14, a transparent resin layer (protective layer) 15, and counter electrodes 16a to 16d that are common electrodes.
- a blue filter 14B, a red filter 14R, and a green filter 14G that are divided by a black matrix BM are formed.
- a transparent resin layer 15 is provided on the color filter layer 14 including the blue filter 14B, the red filter 14R, and the green filter 14G.
- counter electrodes 16a to 16d are formed in the counter substrate 2, the other surface of the transparent substrate 13 (the upper side of the transparent substrate 22 in the drawing) is the observer side, and the counter electrodes 16a to 16d are the liquid crystal layer 6 side through an alignment film (not shown). .
- the black matrix BM is formed on one surface of the transparent substrate 13 so as to form a plurality of pixel openings AP1 that correspond to a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels and are divided in a matrix in plan view.
- the black matrix BM includes, in units of pixels or sub-pixels, two parallel long sides of the frame portion BM1 that forms the pixel opening AP1 and a vertical direction that divides the pixel opening AP1 into two.
- the central part BM2 is provided.
- the central part BM2 may be omitted.
- the counter electrodes 16a to 16d of the counter substrate 13 shown in the cross section of FIG. 2 are arranged line-symmetrically with respect to the central axis C of the subpixel.
- the pixel electrodes 3a and 3b, the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d, and the common electrodes 11a to 11d of the array substrate 4 shown in the cross section of FIG. 2 are symmetrical with respect to the central axis C of the subpixel. Be placed.
- the calculation unit 17 calculates a value obtained by subtracting the observation value of the light receiving element 2b from the observation value of the light receiving element 2a as a compensated observation value (actual measurement compensation value).
- the corrected observation value of the light receiving element 2a is obtained by subtracting the observation value of the light receiving element 2b from the observation value of the light receiving element 2a.
- liquid crystal driving elements 12a to 12c and a pixel electrode 3a, a pixel electrode 3b, and a light guide electrode 3c corresponding to each of the two or more liquid crystal driving elements 12a to 12c with respect to the sub-pixel. , 3d are provided.
- the liquid crystal driving elements 12a and 12b are liquid crystal L3 ⁇ under the pixel opening AP1 in order to control transmission of visible light for image display to be provided to the observer in a cross-sectional view. It is electrically connected to the pixel electrodes 3a and 3b that drive L12.
- the liquid crystal driving element 12c is electrically connected to the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d that drive the liquid crystal molecules L1, L2, L13, and L14 in a cross-sectional view.
- the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d are driven by a common liquid crystal drive element 12C, but the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d may be driven by separate liquid crystal drive elements.
- the display element scanning unit 18, the sensor scanning unit 19, the display element driving unit 20, and the sensor reading unit 21 are electrically connected to the liquid crystal panel 7.
- the backlight unit 30 including the light source is provided on the back side of the liquid crystal panel 7, but is omitted in FIG.
- the solid state light emitting elements 32a, 32b, 35a, 35b such as LEDs of the backlight unit 30 are arranged on both sides of the liquid crystal panel 7, for example.
- the solid light emitting element for example, visible light emitting element rows such as red, green, and blue are arranged at both ends of the backlight unit, and further, a short wavelength Similarly, the solid light emitting element arrays may be arranged at both ends of the backlight unit.
- the short wavelength solid light emitting elements may be arranged in two rows using solid light emitting elements having different wavelengths.
- Such a solid-state light emitting element of the backlight unit may be disposed at the upper end portion of the liquid crystal panel 7 and the lower end portion of the liquid crystal panel 7 in addition to the end portions on both sides of the liquid crystal panel 7.
- the visible light solid-state light-emitting elements arranged on the four sides of the liquid crystal panel 7 may be matched with display contents by a local dimming method, and the respective light emission intensities may be adjusted. Thereby, the contrast of the liquid crystal display can be improved.
- the solid-state light emitting elements 32a and 32b for visible light adjust the timing and intensity of light emission corresponding to an image such as two-dimensional image display or three-dimensional image display, or corresponding to the local deming method as described above. Is done. Thereby, the brightness and color of the liquid crystal display screen are different in different display portions depending on display contents. The intensity of visible light emitted from such a liquid crystal display screen varies greatly depending on the display portion, gradation display level, display timing, and the like. Therefore, it is desirable to avoid using visible light emitted from the liquid crystal display screen as illumination light for an input indicator such as a finger or a pointer.
- an input indicator When an input indicator is detected using visible light with large fluctuations, it may be difficult to accurately detect the two-dimensional position of the input indicator, the height from the display surface, and the moving speed. . Also for detection of an input indicator using ambient light (external light) of a liquid crystal display device, high-precision detection may be difficult due to large fluctuations in ambient light.
- the backlight unit 30 includes the solid-state light emitting elements 35a and 35b for short wavelength light separately from the solid light emitting elements 32a and 32b for visible light, and the light receiving element 2a capable of receiving short wavelength light.
- the reflected light from the input indicator of short wavelength light is detected.
- the synchronization control unit 36 sets the light emission timings 32a and 32b of the visible light solid-state light emitting elements and the light emission timings of the short-wavelength light solid-state light emitting elements 35a and 35b to be different timings.
- the light emitting timing of the elements 35a and 35b and the light receiving timing of the light receiving element 2a are synchronized to detect the input indicator with higher accuracy.
- the wavelength of the short wavelength light applied to the present embodiment is in the range of 360 nm to 420 nm, for example.
- the emission peak of the short wavelength solid state light emitting devices 35a and 35b is 420 nm or less, which is shorter than 430 nm.
- the visibility of the human eye also decreases sharply in the wavelength region shorter than 420 nm, making it difficult to see, and the light conversion efficiency of a phototransistor in which a transparent channel layer is formed of an oxide semiconductor, which will be described in detail later.
- the upper limit of the wavelength of the short wavelength light applied in the present embodiment is set to 420 nm.
- an organic pigment such as C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 6 blue pigment, C.I. I. A coloring material mixed with a purple pigment of Pigment Violet 23 is used.
- the blue filter 14B using these pigments transmits light in a wavelength range of 360 nm to 420 nm, but hardly transmits light having a short wavelength of 360 nm or less.
- an organic film such as a polarizing plate and a low reflection film used by being attached to the front or back surface of the liquid crystal panel 7 has a characteristic of cutting or absorbing ultraviolet light having a short wavelength of 360 nm or less.
- the solid light emitting elements 35a and 35b have high luminous efficiency on the longer wavelength side than 360 nm, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device 1 can be reduced.
- the lower limit of the wavelength of light applied to the present embodiment is set to 360 nm.
- the short-wavelength solid state light emitting devices 35a and 35b aluminum gallium nitride light emitting diodes, diamond light emitting diodes, zinc oxide light emitting diodes, and gallium nitride light emitting diodes are used.
- gallium nitride-based diodes referred to as GaN-based blue light-emitting diodes
- InGaN-based light-emitting diodes in which indium is added as a dopant to the active layer of the light-emitting diodes are preferable.
- the emission peak can be adjusted in the range of 360 nm to 420 nm.
- an InGaN light emitting diode having an emission peak of 385 nm is commercially available in a small size chip that can be surface mounted.
- the light receiving elements 2 and 2b for example, as described above, among gallium (Ga), indium (In), zinc (Zn), hafnium (Hf), tin (Sn), and yttrium (Y).
- a phototransistor having a transparent channel layer containing two or more metal oxides is used. By forming impurity levels in the transparent channel layer of these composite metal oxides that are oxide semiconductors, the band gap is reduced, and the sensitivity range of the light receiving elements 2 and 2b is shifted to the visible range on the long wavelength side. Can do.
- the transparent channel layer with two or more or three or more composite metal oxides, the transparent channel layer can be made amorphous, and the electrical characteristics of the diode or transistor including the transparent channel layer can be improved. It can be homogenized.
- the sub-pixel is the minimum display unit, but the pixel may be the minimum display unit.
- a pixel may include at least one red subpixel, at least one blue subpixel, and at least one green subpixel.
- the light receiving elements 2a and 2b are shown.
- the light receiving elements 2 a and 2 b are provided in the sensor region 23.
- a transistor or a diode that performs signal processing of the light receiving elements 2a and 2b, a capacitor that stores light reception data, a calculation unit 17 that performs subtraction processing, and a signal that distributes reset signals of the light receiving elements 2a and 2b Lines are provided.
- a plurality of transistors that perform signal processing may be provided in one pixel sensor region including a blue subpixel, a red subpixel, and a green subpixel.
- the liquid crystal driving elements 12a to 12c may be formed in the display area 22 or may be formed in the sensor area 23.
- the liquid crystal driving elements 12a to 12c are electrically connected to wirings of metal thin films such as gate lines and source lines not shown.
- a blue filter 14B is disposed above the light receiving element 2a, and a light shielding film 9 is disposed below the light receiving element 2a.
- a black matrix BM is disposed above the light receiving element 2b, and a light shielding film 9 is disposed below the light receiving element 2b.
- the display content of the liquid crystal display device 1 varies depending on the screen part such as bright display and dark display.
- the light from the backlight unit 30 is partially reflected at various interfaces such as the color filter layer 14 of the counter substrate 5, one surface of the transparent substrate 13, and a polarizing film, and is reflected on the light receiving elements 2 a and 2 b as reflected light. Incident. This reflected light becomes noise of received light intensity.
- an optical input device such as a light pen or laser light is used as the input indicator, and the re-reflected light becomes noise.
- the calculation unit 18 subtracts the observation value of the light receiving element 2b from the observation value (light reception intensity) of the light receiving element 2a. To do. Thereby, noise compensation is realized.
- This signal compensation can also compensate for small variations in the observed values of the light receiving elements 2a and 2b using the oxide semiconductor as the transparent channel layer, dark current, and noise generated based on the temperature, with extremely high accuracy. Observed values can be obtained.
- Compensation by subtracting the observation value of the light-receiving element 2b from the observation value (light-receiving intensity) of the light-receiving element 2a can provide a merit that the intensity of ultraviolet rays contained in environmental light components such as the sun can be measured.
- the measured value of the ultraviolet light intensity of the ambient light component can be used for preventing sunburn, for example.
- the compensation calculation is performed by subtracting the observation values of the adjacent light receiving elements 2a and 2b.
- the switching unit 24 switches the intensity of the emitted short wavelength light by, for example, changing the height of the voltage applied to the light guide electrodes 11c and 11d.
- the switching unit 24 applies a high voltage to the light guide electrodes 11c and 11d via the liquid crystal driving element 12c.
- the intensity of short-wavelength light emission can be automatically increased.
- the input indicator can be recognized even when the distance from the liquid crystal display screen to the input indicator is, for example, about 7 mm, and the 3D button display on the liquid crystal screen has a click feeling. Input is easy.
- the recognition of the input indicator is performed by setting two levels or a plurality of levels having different magnitudes to divide the compensation observation values after the compensation calculation by the calculation unit 17, and the number of compensation observation values belonging to each category (for example, This corresponds to the area of the finger on the liquid crystal display screen), or the change speed and position of the number of compensation observation values belonging to each category.
- the distance and movement between the liquid crystal display screen and the input indicator can be recognized.
- the switching unit 24 of the liquid crystal display device 1 may include an instruction receiving unit, and the liquid crystal display device 1 may display a switching request receiving unit on the screen and receive a switching instruction.
- the switching unit 24 switches the emission intensity of the short wavelength light according to the input switching instruction.
- the switching unit 24 includes a “display priority mode” that does not emit short wavelength light, a “finger operation mode” that emits short wavelength light to perform finger input, and a “security mode” that prevents third-party viewing. The mode designated by the observer is realized. When the “finger operation mode” is selected, the switching unit 24 emits short-wavelength light with strong intensity. As described above, the intensity of the emitted short wavelength light is controlled based on the liquid crystal driving voltage applied to the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d.
- the “security mode” is used in a third embodiment having a slit opening to be described later.
- the counter electrodes 16 a to 16 d that are transparent conductive films are not laminated on the surface of the transparent resin layer 15 in contact with the liquid crystal layer 6 on the counter substrate 5 side.
- the transparent conductive film ITO
- the refractive index of the color filter layer 14, the transparent resin layer 15, the transparent substrate 13, etc., which are members on the counter substrate 5 side, is in the range of about 1.5 to 1.6, whereas the refractive index of the transparent conductive film is 1.8 to 1.9.
- the transparent conductive layer such as the counter electrodes 16a to 16d is laminated on the transparent resin layer 15 in the counter substrate 5
- the observation values of the reflected light from the transparent conductive film are added to the observation values of the light receiving elements 2a and 2b.
- the amount that is added increases.
- the transparent conductive film is not formed at the position of the counter substrate 5 facing the light receiving elements 2a and 2b, noise due to reflected light can be reduced.
- the transparent conductive film using a material having a high refractive index has a lot of surface reflection, so that it is preferably formed only in a necessary portion of the display region 22.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an arrangement relationship among the liquid crystal panel 7, the light control element 31, and the backlight unit 30 provided in the liquid crystal display device 1.
- the backlight unit 30 includes an array of solid light emitting elements 32a, 32b, 35a, 35b such as LEDs on both sides of the back surface of the liquid crystal panel 7 or on the back surface of the liquid crystal panel 7.
- the solid-state light-emitting element is configured by an LED array in which a plurality of short-wavelength solid-state light-emitting elements 35a and 35b and a plurality of visible light solid-state light-emitting elements 32a and 32b are arranged.
- the light control element 31 is difficult to enter the eyes of the observer (user) and is installed between the back side of the liquid crystal panel 7 and the backlight unit 30 in order to prevent a third party from seeing the light. Give direction.
- the light control element 31 is generated using, for example, methacrylic resin.
- the light control element 31 has a configuration in which a prism sheet 33 and a lens sheet 34 are integrated back to back.
- the light control element 31 is a resin sheet in which the lens sheet 34 and the prism sheet 33 are integrated on the front and back.
- the prism sheet 33 has a plurality of triangular prisms arranged in the same direction so that the longitudinal direction (long direction, ridge line direction, or axial direction) of the side surfaces of the triangular prisms are parallel to each other. It is formed side by side so as to face.
- the lens sheet 34 is formed by arranging a plurality of semi-cylindrical lenses so that the longitudinal directions of the side surfaces of the semi-cylindrical lenses are parallel to each other and the semicircular arcs of the cross section face the same direction.
- ⁇ 1 By providing an angle ⁇ 1 between the longitudinal direction of the semi-cylindrical lens or the prismatic prism and the pixel arrangement direction of the liquid crystal display device 1 in plan view, moire in three-dimensional image display can be reduced. As for the relaxation of moire, a better effect can be obtained as ⁇ 1 is closer to 45 degrees. However, when ⁇ 1 is 45 degrees, it may interfere with the polarizing plate or the optical axis of the phase difference, so ⁇ 1 is preferably set to an angle smaller than 45 degrees. Considering the alignment error ( ⁇ 2 °) between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal panel 7, the maximum value of the angle ⁇ 1 is preferably set to 43 degrees or less.
- the angle ⁇ 1 between the longitudinal direction of the triangular prism and the pixel arrangement of the liquid crystal display device 1 is preferable to make the angle ⁇ 1 between the longitudinal direction of the triangular prism and the pixel arrangement of the liquid crystal display device 1 larger than 3 degrees.
- the light emission angle (light distribution angle) with respect to the normal direction of the liquid crystal panel 7 can be set by the angle of the tip of the triangular prism having a cross-sectional shape of an isosceles triangle.
- the light control element 31 two or more prism sheets having different angles ⁇ 1 may be used.
- the visible light solid-state light emitting elements 32a and 32b of the backlight unit 30 are caused to emit light alternately in synchronization with the liquid crystal operation of the liquid crystal display device 1, thereby realizing a three-dimensional image display.
- the synchronization control unit 36 causes the short-wavelength solid-state light emitting elements 35a and 35b of the backlight unit 30 to emit light in synchronization with the light receiving elements 2a and 2b and the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d of the liquid crystal display device 1. Recognition of the indicator is realized.
- the backlight unit 30 may further include a diffusion plate, a light guide plate, a polarization separation film, a retroreflective polarizing element, and the like.
- a polarizing plate, a phase difference plate, or the like may be attached to the front and back of the liquid crystal panel 7.
- the backlight unit 30 may include, as the plurality of visible light solid-state light emitting elements 32a and 32b, for example, a plurality of white LEDs including three wavelengths of red, green, and blue in the emission wavelength region.
- a plurality of white LEDs including three wavelengths of red, green, and blue in the emission wavelength region.
- pseudo white LEDs in which a GaN blue LED and a YAG fluorescent material are combined may be used.
- an LED having one or more main peaks such as a red LED may be used in combination.
- a light source in which a red LED and a green phosphor are combined with a blue LED may be used as the visible light solid state light emitting devices 32a and 32b.
- a solid-state light emitting element that individually emits red, green, and blue is used as a light source, and color display is performed by performing field sequential (time division) light emission in synchronization with liquid crystal driving. Can be realized.
- the synchronization control unit 36 causes the visible light solid-state light emitting elements 32a and 32b at both ends of the backlight unit 30 to emit light alternately so as to synchronize with the liquid crystal display, and causes light to enter the right eye and the left eye of the observer, respectively. Thereby, a three-dimensional image display is realized.
- a liquid crystal driving voltage is simultaneously applied to the pixel electrodes 3a and 3b of the liquid crystal display device 1, and the visible light solid-state light emitting elements 32a and 32b are caused to emit light simultaneously, thereby displaying a bright two-dimensional image with a wide viewing angle. be able to.
- a great advantage can be obtained that a three-dimensional image can be displayed with high image quality in the two-dimensional image display without reducing the resolution of the three-dimensional image display.
- the present embodiment it is possible to suppress the observer who observes the display screen from being affected by the short wavelength light.
- the light control element 31 according to the present embodiment high-quality three-dimensional image display can be realized.
- FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the first pixel electrode 3a of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L14 of the liquid crystal display device 1 have negative dielectric anisotropy.
- the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L14 is vertical before the drive voltage is applied, but when a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 3a by the liquid crystal drive element 12a, some of the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L14 (in FIG. The molecules L4 to L10) are tilted.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the driving state of the liquid crystal when the driving voltage is applied only to the image electrode 3a.
- the liquid crystal molecules L4 to L9 are tilted in a direction perpendicular to the lines of electric force.
- the emitted light D1 passes through the inclined portion of the liquid crystal and is emitted, for example, in the direction of one eye (for example, the right eye) of the observer.
- the liquid crystal molecules L4 start to fall faster than other liquid crystal molecules by a strong electric field formed between the end of the pixel electrode 3a and the common electrode 11a.
- the operation of the liquid crystal molecules L4 serves as a trigger for the liquid crystal operation and enhances the response of the liquid crystal.
- FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the second pixel electrode 3b of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 and 7 show the operation of the pixel electrode and the liquid crystal molecules for switching the emitted light to the right eye and the left eye necessary for three-dimensional image display.
- the pixel electrodes 3a and 3b may be driven simultaneously.
- one liquid crystal driving element may be electrically connected to the pixel electrodes 3a and 3b instead of the two liquid crystal driving elements 12a and 12b.
- FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied to the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L14 are tilted in a direction perpendicular to the lines of electric force.
- the short wavelength light D3 passes through the color filter layer 14 and a polarizing plate (not shown) and is emitted to the outside.
- the short wavelength light D3 emitted from the short wavelength solid state light emitting elements 35a and 35b illuminates an input indicator such as a finger, and the reflected light is received by the light receiving elements 2a and 2b. Then, by obtaining a compensated observation value obtained by subtracting the observation value of the light receiving element 2b from the observation value of the light receiving element 2a, the highly accurate and stable recognition of the input operation is realized.
- the synchronization control unit 36 synchronizes the sensing timing of the light receiving elements 2a and 2b and the light emission timing of the short wavelength solid state light emitting elements 35a and 35b, thereby performing stable finger recognition during a finger operation on the liquid crystal display screen. be able to.
- the synchronization control unit 36 applies a liquid crystal driving voltage to the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d at the same timing as the sensing timing of the light receiving elements 2a and 2b, whereby the short wavelength light D3 is emitted from the liquid crystal screen.
- the present embodiment described above it is possible to remove the noise based on the reflected light in the liquid crystal panel 7 from the observation value by the light receiving element 2a, and obtain a highly accurate, uniform and stable compensated observation value, It is possible to recognize the operation by the input indicator with high accuracy.
- three-dimensional image display or two-dimensional image display can be performed.
- the visual sensitivity of the short wavelength light that illuminates the input indicator can be reduced, and the observer can observe the visible light for image display.
- the pixel electrode 3a, the pixel electrode 3b, and the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d are separately formed and driven by different liquid crystal driving elements 12a and 12b and a liquid crystal driving element 12c, respectively.
- the pixel electrode 3a, the pixel electrode 3b, and the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d can be electrically independent, and different voltages can be applied.
- the drive voltage application timing to the pixel electrodes 3a and 3b, and the light receiving element There may be overlap with the drive voltage application timing to the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d for sensing 2a and 2b.
- a transistor (oxide semiconductor TFT) having a transparent channel layer containing a metal oxide is used as a liquid crystal driving element, and the oxide semiconductor TFT is formed smaller than a transistor using amorphous silicon or polysilicon. it can.
- the aperture ratio of the pixel can be improved and brighter stereoscopic image display can be performed.
- the backlight unit is equipped with a light-emitting element array that individually emits red, green, and blue, and field sequential (time-division) light emission is performed in synchronization with liquid crystal drive. 3D image display can be performed.
- a control unit may be provided for adjusting the angle of light emitted from the light emitting element array that emits visible light based on an operation of adjusting the effect of the three-dimensional image display by the observer (user).
- This control unit adjusts the outgoing light angle ⁇ from the liquid crystal display surface according to the position of the observer or the opening width of both eyes of the observer to optimize the three-dimensional image display effect.
- the adjustment of the outgoing light angle ⁇ is performed by detecting the position of the observer by providing an infrared light emitting element and an infrared sensor, for example, in a part of the casing of the liquid crystal display device proposed by the present inventors.
- the angle of light emitted from the light emitting element array may be adjusted based on the information.
- an imaging device such as a CCD or a CMOS instead of the infrared light emitting element and the infrared sensor to recognize the position of the observer's eyes.
- an imaging device such as a CCD or CMOS to recognize the observer's operation and reflect it on the liquid crystal display.
- the light control element used in the first embodiment and the liquid crystal display device including the light control element may have the following characteristics.
- the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel and a backlight unit.
- the liquid crystal panel includes a plurality of pixels and drives the liquid crystal by a plurality of liquid crystal driving elements.
- the backlight unit includes a plurality of light emitting element arrays that emit light at different timings.
- the light emitted from the light emitting element array passes through the liquid crystal panel via the light control element.
- the light control element has a plurality of triangular prisms arranged back to back with a first surface in which the longitudinal directions of the triangular prisms are parallel to each other, and a plurality of semi-cylindrical lenses. And a second surface arranged so that the longitudinal directions of the semicylindrical lenses are parallel to each other.
- the longitudinal direction of the plurality of triangular prisms and the longitudinal direction of the plurality of semi-cylindrical lenses have a moire suppression angle ⁇ in plan view.
- the plurality of liquid crystal driving elements may be transistors including a transparent channel layer containing two or more metal oxides of gallium, indium, zinc, hafnium, tin, and yttrium.
- the liquid crystal panel may include a color filter including a red filter, a green filter, and a blue filter in each pixel.
- the light emitting element array may include two light emitting element arrays that emit white light including three wavelengths of red, green, and blue.
- the two light emitting element rows may be provided at positions corresponding to two opposite sides of the liquid crystal panel, respectively, and may emit white light perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the plurality of triangular prisms.
- the liquid crystal panel is configured based on a matrix arrangement of a plurality of pixels, and the vertical direction of the matrix arrangement of the plurality of pixels and the longitudinal direction of the plurality of triangular prisms may have a moire suppression angle ⁇ in plan view. .
- the moire suppression angle ⁇ may be any angle in the range of 3 ° to 43 °.
- the liquid crystal display device may further include a control unit that adjusts the angle of light emitted from the plurality of light emitting element arrays.
- FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the first pixel electrode 38a of the liquid crystal display device 37 according to the present embodiment.
- the array substrate 39 of the liquid crystal display device 37 includes a pixel electrode 38a in which the pixel electrode 3a and the light guide electrode 3c of the first embodiment are integrated, and the pixel electrode 3b and the light guide electrode 3d of the first embodiment.
- a pixel electrode 38b having an integral structure is provided.
- the array substrate 39 of the liquid crystal display device 37 includes a common electrode 40a in which the common electrodes 11a and 11c are integrated, and a common electrode 40b in which the common electrodes 11b and 11d are integrated.
- the counter substrate 41 of the liquid crystal display device 37 includes a counter electrode 42a in which the counter electrodes 16a and 16c are integrated, and a counter electrode 42b in which the counter electrodes 16b and 16d are integrated.
- the switching unit 43 uses the liquid crystal drive elements 12a and 12b to apply various drive voltages to the integrally configured pixel electrodes 38a and 38b in order to enable various image displays including gradation display. Can be applied.
- the liquid crystal driving elements 12a and 12b apply a driving voltage for image display and a driving voltage for sensing the light receiving elements 2a and 2b at different timings.
- the light for image display is visible light
- the short wavelength light emitted from the short wavelength solid light emitting elements 35a and 35b is, for example, ultraviolet light.
- Visible light emitted from the visible light solid-state light emitting elements 32a and 32b is emitted so as to enter the right eye of the observer, for example.
- the short wavelength solid state light emitting elements 35a and 35b do not emit light
- the light receiving elements 2a and 2b do not receive light.
- FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the second pixel electrode 38b of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment. Visible light emitted from the visible light solid-state light emitting elements 32a and 32b is emitted so as to enter, for example, the left eye of the observer. At this time, the short wavelength solid state light emitting elements 35a and 35b do not emit light, and the light receiving elements 2a and 2b do not receive light.
- FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied to both the pixel electrodes 38a and 38b of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- Short-wavelength illumination light for example, near-ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 385 nm to 400 nm
- reflected light from an input indicator such as a finger is incident on the light-receiving element 2a.
- the position, size, moving direction, etc. of the indicator are recognized.
- a drive voltage for image display and application of a drive voltage for sensing the light receiving elements 2a and 2b are controlled in a time-sharing (field sequential) manner. Since the short-wavelength illumination light for sensing the light receiving elements 2a and 2b is emitted light in a short-wavelength region with low visibility to the human eye, there is almost no deterioration in image display quality due to the emission of the short-wavelength light. Absent.
- the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L14 When a driving voltage for two-dimensional image display is applied (when the sensing of the light receiving elements 2a and 2b is off), the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L14 operate as shown in FIG. Visible light is emitted from the elements 32a and 32b. As shown in FIG. 11, the tilting of the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L14 is symmetric from the center of the subpixel and has an inclination gradient, so that a wide viewing angle that is not conventional can be obtained. As will be described later, for example, if the subpixel shape in plan view is a “ ⁇ ” shape, a wider viewing angle can be obtained in both the left and right and up and down directions of the liquid crystal display device 37. This wide viewing angle is also realized in this embodiment and other embodiments.
- the counter electrodes 42a and 42b shown in this embodiment are deleted, and the configuration of the pixel electrodes 38a and 38b and the common electrodes 40a and 40b of the array substrate 39 is changed to IPS (horizontal electric field driving type liquid crystal).
- IPS horizontal electric field driving type liquid crystal
- the present invention is also applied to a liquid crystal display device having a fringe field type electrode configuration composed of a fine comb-like pixel electrode and a solid common electrode provided via an insulating layer. A technique similar to that of the form can be applied.
- the alignment direction and driving method of the liquid crystal are not limited.
- a slit opening is formed in the black matrix BM, and a liquid crystal display device that emits visible light and ultraviolet light, for example, for preventing third-party visibility from the slit-like opening will be described. To do.
- slit-shaped oblique light openings are formed on two parallel long sides in a black matrix that divides a pixel or sub-pixel having an outer shape in plan view.
- the oblique light includes each of short wavelength light and visible light.
- the oblique opening is an opening that emits near-ultraviolet light having a wavelength of, for example, 385 nm to 400 nm obliquely from the display surface when sensing the light receiving elements 2a and 2b, and emits visible light when used for security applications that prevent third-party viewing.
- the opening is emitted in an oblique direction.
- FIG. 12 is a partial plan view showing an example of the liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 12 shows a planar view state (a state seen from the observer side) of the liquid crystal display device 44 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal display device 44 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ of FIG. 12, and the long side (side) of the frame portion BM1 of the black matrix BM provided in the liquid crystal display device 1 and the comb-like or striped pixel electrodes. A cross section perpendicular to the major axis direction is shown.
- the vertical alignment film, the polarizing plate, the retardation film, and the light receiving elements 2a and 2b shown in FIG. 12 are not shown.
- the liquid crystal display device 44 according to the present embodiment can switch between three-dimensional image display and normal two-dimensional image display.
- the array substrate 47 includes a transparent substrate 8, a light shielding film 9, an insulating layer 10a, a plurality of light receiving elements 2a and 2b, an insulating layer 10b, a common electrode 11, an insulating layer 10c, pixel electrodes 3a and 3b for image display, and oblique light control.
- the light shielding film 9 is formed of a metal thin film used for a gate line or a source line on one surface of a transparent substrate 8 such as glass.
- the insulating layer 10a is formed on the transparent substrate 8 on which the light shielding film 9 is formed.
- the light receiving elements 2a and 2b are provided for adjacent pixels or sub-pixels.
- the plurality of light receiving elements 2a and 2b are formed on the insulating layer 10a.
- the light receiving element 2a detects light that has passed through the blue filter 14B formed in the pixel opening AP1 of the black matrix BM, but the light reflected in the liquid crystal panel 45 may also be detected by the light receiving element 2a.
- the light receiving element 2a overlaps the blue filter 14B and the light shielding curtain 9 in plan view, and is provided between the blue filter 14B and the light shielding film 9 in the vertical direction of the cross section.
- the light receiving element 2a has sensitivity in the near ultraviolet region with a wavelength of 360 nm to 420 nm.
- the light receiving element 2b detects the light reflected in the liquid crystal panel 45.
- the light detected by the light receiving element 2 b includes reflected light from various interfaces on the counter substrate 46 side, reflected light from the interface between the counter substrate 46 and the liquid crystal layer 6, and the like.
- the light receiving element 2a overlaps with the red filter 14R or green filter 14G of the pixel opening AP1 and the light shielding film 9 in plan view, and is provided between the red filter 14R or green filter 14G and the light shielding film 17 in the vertical direction of the cross section. It is done.
- the light receiving element 2b is a light receiving element for signal compensation.
- the light receiving element 2b is disposed between the green filter 14G and the light shielding film 9.
- the light reception The element 2b may not be disposed between the black matrix BM and the light shielding film 9.
- the transmittance of near ultraviolet light in the vicinity of a wavelength of 390 nm of the green filter 14G containing a halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment is lower than that of the copper halide phthalocyanine, and can be employed as a light shielding pattern for near ultraviolet light.
- a yellow pigment is further added as a toning pigment to the green filter 14G and the red filter 14R, the transmittance of near-ultraviolet light in the vicinity of a wavelength of 390 nm is further reduced.
- the pixel aperture ratio of the blue subpixel, the pixel aperture ratio of the green subpixel, and the pixel aperture ratio of the red subpixel can be made uniform.
- the insulating layer 10c is formed on the insulating layer 10b on which the plurality of light receiving elements 2a and 2b are formed.
- the common electrode 11 is formed on the insulating layer 10b.
- the pixel electrodes 3a and 3b for image display and the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d for controlling oblique light are formed on the insulating layer 10c.
- the image display liquid crystal driving elements 12a and 12b are electrically connected to the image display pixel electrodes 3a and 3b.
- the viewing angle control liquid crystal drive elements 12c and 12d are electrically connected to the oblique light control light guide electrodes 3c and 3d.
- liquid crystal driving elements 12a and 12b for image display and the liquid crystal driving elements 12c and 12d for controlling oblique light for example, TFTs in which a transparent channel layer is formed of an oxide semiconductor are used.
- the other surface side of the transparent substrate 8 is the back surface side of the liquid crystal panel 45, and the formation side of the pixel electrodes 3a and 3b and the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d is the liquid crystal layer 6 side.
- the liquid crystal display device 44 may be a VA liquid crystal method using liquid crystal with initial vertical alignment or an ECB method using liquid crystal with initial horizontal alignment.
- a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy will be described as the VA liquid crystal, but a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy may be used.
- the VA liquid crystal a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy can also be used.
- the counter substrate 46 includes a transparent substrate 8, a black matrix BM, a color filter layer 14, a transparent resin layer (protective layer) 7, and counter electrodes 16a to 16d.
- the black matrix BM is formed on one surface of the transparent substrate 13 so as to form a plurality of pixel openings AP1 that correspond to a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels and are divided in a matrix in plan view. Image display light provided to the observer is emitted from the plurality of pixel openings AP1.
- the black matrix BM includes, in units of pixels or sub-pixels, two parallel long sides of the frame portion BM1 that forms the pixel opening AP1 and a vertical direction that divides the pixel opening AP1 into two.
- the central part BM2 is provided.
- the central part BM2 may be omitted.
- the black matrix BM includes oblique light openings AP2 formed in a slit shape on long sides facing each other in the horizontal direction in plan view.
- the oblique light aperture AP2 emits oblique light for the purpose of preventing third-party visual recognition and short wavelength light for sensing the light receiving element 2a.
- the color filter layer 14 includes a blue filter 14B, a green filter 14G, and a red filter 14R.
- a transparent resin layer 15 is formed on the transparent substrate 13 on which the black matrix BM and the color filter layer 14 are formed.
- the counter electrodes 16 a to 16 d are formed on the transparent resin layer 15.
- the other surface side of the transparent substrate 13 is an observer side, and the side on which the counter electrodes 16a to 16d are formed is the liquid crystal layer 6 side.
- the counter substrate 46 shown in the cross section of FIG. 13 has a line-symmetric configuration with respect to the central axis C of the subpixel.
- the pixel aperture AP1 of the polygonal subpixel is formed in a matrix.
- the planar shape of the pixel aperture AP1 is such that, for example, a square, a rectangle, a parallelogram, a polygon that is bent into a square shape (“ ⁇ ” or a boomerang shape), and the like are parallel to each other. Can be a simple polygon.
- a transparent slit-shaped oblique light aperture AP2 is formed in the center portion of the sides facing each other of the black matrix BM. In other words, on the side of the black matrix BM, a linear light shielding portion sandwiches the oblique light aperture AP2.
- the oblique light aperture AP2 is preferably provided on both sides (left and right) of the sub-pixel for finger recognition and third-party visibility prevention.
- the plan view shape of the oblique light aperture AP2 is not limited to the slit shape or the stripe shape, and may be a dot shape, an elliptical shape, a rectangular shape, or the like.
- the arrangement of the plurality of oblique light apertures AP2 may be asymmetrical or symmetric from the center of the subpixel in plan view.
- the oblique light aperture AP2 is preferably arranged along the longitudinal direction of the subpixel.
- the oblique light emission state from the oblique light aperture AP2 includes the shape or position of the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d, the common electrode 11, and the counter electrodes 16a to 16d for driving the liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal operation. is connected with. Therefore, the oblique light can be efficiently emitted by adjusting the shape or position of the oblique light aperture AP2 according to the shape or position of the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d, the common electrode 11, and the counter electrodes 16a to 16d. Can do.
- the oblique light emission direction is substantially orthogonal to the optical axis of the prism sheet (the ridge line direction of the prism sheet having a triangular cross section) included in the configuration of the light control element in the fourth embodiment described later. .
- the switching unit 24 switches the intensity of the oblique light emitted from the oblique light aperture AP2 by, for example, changing the height of the voltage applied to the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d.
- the switching unit 24 applies a high voltage to the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d via the liquid crystal drive elements 12c and 12d,
- the intensity of oblique light emission can be automatically increased.
- the compensation observation values obtained by performing the compensation calculation based on the observation values of the light receiving elements 2a and 2b are classified into two or more levels of different sizes, and The number of compensation observation values to which it belongs (e.g., corresponding to the area of the finger on the liquid crystal display screen) is obtained, or the change speed and the position of the number of compensation observation values corresponding to the respective sections are detected.
- the distance and movement between the liquid crystal display screen and the input indicator such as a finger or a pointer can be recognized.
- Short wavelength light and visible light for example, blue light
- finger sensing is performed with a shift (phase difference) in light reception timing between the short wavelength light and visible light. It can also be done.
- the positional accuracy of the input indicator such as a finger or a pointer can be improved.
- the switching unit 24 of the liquid crystal display device 44 may include an instruction receiving unit, and the liquid crystal display device 44 may display a switching request on the screen and receive a switching instruction.
- the switching unit 24 switches the emission state of the oblique light according to the input switching instruction.
- the switching unit 24 is designated by the observer among a “display priority mode” that does not emit oblique light, a “finger operation mode” for performing finger input, and a “security mode” for preventing third-party viewing. Realize the mode.
- the “security mode” is selected, the switching unit 24 emits intense light that is visible light. As described above, the intensity of the emitted light is controlled based on the liquid crystal driving voltage applied to the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d.
- the short wavelength solid state light emitting elements 35a and 35b are caused to emit light, and a drive voltage is applied to the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d in synchronization with the observation timing of the light receiving elements 2a and 2b.
- FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the first pixel electrode 3a of the liquid crystal display device 44 according to the present embodiment.
- the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L14 of the liquid crystal display device 44 have negative dielectric anisotropy.
- the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L14 is vertical before the driving voltage is applied, but when a voltage is applied to any of the pixel electrodes 3a and 3b and the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d by the liquid crystal driving elements 12a to 12d. Tilt.
- FIG. 14 shows an example of the driving state of the liquid crystal when the driving voltage is applied only to the image electrode 3a.
- the liquid crystal molecules L4 to L10 are tilted in a direction perpendicular to the electric field lines.
- the emitted light D4 passes through the inclined portion of the liquid crystal and is emitted, for example, in the direction of one eye (right eye) of the observer.
- the liquid crystal molecules L4 start to fall faster than other liquid crystal molecules by a strong electric field formed between the end of the pixel electrode 3a and the common electrode 11.
- the operation of the liquid crystal molecules L24 serves as a trigger for the liquid crystal operation and improves the response of the liquid crystal.
- FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which the liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the second pixel electrode 3b of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the liquid crystal molecules L5 to L11 are tilted in a direction perpendicular to the lines of electric force.
- the emitted light D5 passes through the inclined portion of the liquid crystal and is emitted, for example, in the direction of one eye (left eye) of the observer.
- the liquid crystal molecules L11 start to fall faster than other liquid crystal molecules by a strong electric field formed between the end of the pixel electrode 3b and the common electrode 11.
- the operation of the liquid crystal molecules L11 serves as a trigger for the liquid crystal operation and improves the response of the liquid crystal.
- FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the first light guide electrode 3c of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the amount of the leaked light and the angle of the oblique light D6 are as follows: the width W1 of the oblique light aperture AP2, the width W2 of the frame portion of the black matrix BM, and the interface from the one surface of the transparent substrate 13 to the liquid crystal layer 6 side.
- the thickness can be controlled on the basis of the thickness Ht of the liquid crystal layer 6, the thickness Lt of the liquid crystal layer 6, the width W3 of the light shielding pattern 9, and the like.
- the liquid crystal molecules L3 start to fall faster than other liquid crystal molecules by a strong electric field formed between the end of the light guide electrode 3c and the common electrode 11.
- the operation of the liquid crystal molecules L3 serves as a trigger for the liquid crystal operation and enhances the response of the liquid crystal.
- FIG. 17 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which the liquid crystal driving voltage is applied only to the second light guide electrode 3d of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the liquid crystal molecules L12 to L14 fall down in a direction perpendicular to the lines of electric force, and oblique light D7 is emitted.
- the liquid crystal molecules L12 start to fall faster than other liquid crystal molecules by a strong electric field formed between the end of the light guide electrode 3d and the common electrode 11.
- the operation of the liquid crystal molecules L12 serves as a trigger for the liquid crystal operation and improves the response of the liquid crystal.
- the oblique light D7 is emitted, which hinders a third party around the observer from seeing. Note that the oblique light D6 in FIG. 16 and the oblique light D7 in FIG. 17 may be emitted simultaneously.
- the light receiving elements 2a and 2b can be formed in the liquid crystal panel 45 by forming the light receiving elements 2a and 2b from an oxide semiconductor.
- the observation value detected by the light receiving element 2a can be compensated by the observation value detected by the light receiving element 2b, for example, finger input to the screen can be detected with high accuracy and stability. Can do.
- input detection can be performed on the liquid crystal display device 44 for displaying a three-dimensional image.
- the viewing angle control is performed by emitting the oblique lights D6 and D7, and the reflected light in the liquid crystal panel 45 can be prevented from adversely affecting the observation value of the light receiving element 2a.
- visible light is emitted from the oblique opening AP2 by causing the visible light solid-state light emitting elements 32a and 32b of the backlight unit 30 to emit light in synchronization with the light guide electrodes 3c and 3d. Visibility prevention is realized.
- the effective display area can be prevented from decreasing, and the observer can be prevented from observing the oblique lights D6 and D7, so that the display quality can be maintained.
- the liquid crystal display device 44 can be prevented from becoming heavy and thick.
- the cross section of the oblique opening AP2 according to the present embodiment has a convex shape.
- FIG. 18 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the comb-teeth of the comb-teeth or stripe-like electrode.
- FIG. 18 shows the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L16 between the counter substrate and the array substrate, and oblique light D3 and D4 emitted based on the operation of the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L16.
- a film, a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, a liquid crystal driving element, and a light receiving element are omitted.
- FIG. 18 shows an initial alignment state of the liquid crystal to which no liquid crystal driving voltage is applied.
- the liquid crystal display device 26 includes a liquid crystal panel 29 in which an array substrate 27 and a counter substrate 28 face each other with the liquid crystal layer 6 interposed therebetween.
- the liquid crystal display device 26 according to the present embodiment is characterized by a transparent pattern 48 provided in the oblique light aperture AP2.
- the thickness Ht in the vertical direction of the transparent pattern 48 is larger than the thickness in the vertical direction of the black matrix BM and the thickness of the color filter layer 14.
- the portion of the counter substrate 28 where the transparent pattern 48 is formed protrudes toward the liquid crystal layer 6 than other portions.
- a concave portion 49 is formed in the counter substrate 28 at the center of each subpixel.
- the black matrix BM and the transparent pattern 48 of the oblique light aperture AP2 are formed on the transparent substrate 13 such as glass.
- the counter electrode 16 that is a transparent electrode is formed so as to cover the black matrix BM and the transparent pattern 48.
- a blue filter 14B, a green filter 14G, and a red filter 14R are stacked on the counter electrode 16 of each pixel opening AP1, and a transparent resin layer 15 is further formed as a protective layer.
- the array substrate 27 includes pixel electrodes 3e and 3f, a light guide electrode 3g, and common electrodes 11e, 11f, and 11g for each polygonal subpixel.
- a voltage for driving the liquid crystal is applied between the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f and the counter electrode 16, and between the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f and the common electrodes 11e and 11f.
- the array substrate 27 may not include the common electrodes 11e, 11f, and 11g.
- the pattern of the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f in plan view may be a comb-like pattern or a stripe pattern.
- the pattern of the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f in a plan view is that a plurality of slit-like openings are arranged in a direction in which the liquid crystal molecules L3 to L14 are tilted with respect to a band-shaped (solid) transparent conductive film. May be formed.
- the outgoing angle ⁇ of the oblique lights D6 and D7 can be controlled by using the width W1 of the transparent pattern 48, the thickness H1 of the transparent pattern 48, the thickness Lt of the liquid crystal layer 6, the width W3 of the light shielding pattern 9, and the like.
- the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f and the light guide electrode 3g having a comb-like pattern and the common electrodes 11e, 11f and 11g having a comb-like pattern are arranged via an insulating layer 10c.
- the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f and the light guide electrode 3g are shifted from the common electrodes 11e, 11f and 11g.
- the pixel electrodes 3e, 3f and the light guide electrode 3g and the common electrodes 11e, 11f, 11g partially overlap and the other part protrudes in the horizontal direction.
- the common electrodes 11e, 11f, and 11g are shifted to the transparent pattern 48 side (subpixel end side) with respect to the corresponding pixel electrodes 3e, 3f and the light guide electrode 3g.
- the comb-like pattern of the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f and the light guide electrode 3g and the common electrodes 11e, 11f and 11g is formed by electrically connecting two or more linear conductors having a width of 2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, for example.
- the connecting portion of the linear conductor may be formed only on one side or on both sides.
- the connecting portion is a peripheral portion of the polygonal sub-pixel, and is preferably disposed outside the pixel opening AP1 in plan view.
- the interval of the comb-like pattern is, for example, in the range of about 3 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and is selected based on the liquid crystal cell conditions and the liquid crystal material.
- the formation density, pitch, and electrode width of the comb-like pattern can be changed within the subpixel or within the pixel.
- the amount of protrusion W4 between the pixel electrodes 3e, 3f and the light guide electrode 3g in the horizontal direction and the common electrodes 11e, 11f, 11g can be variously adjusted according to dimensions such as the material of the liquid crystal 6, the driving conditions, and the liquid crystal cell thickness.
- As the width W4 of the protruding portion a small amount such as any value from 1 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m is sufficient.
- the width W5 of the overlapping portion can be used as an auxiliary capacity for liquid crystal driving.
- the liquid crystal molecules L1, L3 to L7, L10 to L14, and L16 are aligned substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface.
- the number of comb teeth in the opening width direction of the subpixels or pixels in the pixel electrodes 3e, 3f, the light guide electrode 3g, and the common electrodes 11e, 11f, 11g having a comb-like pattern , Density, and spacing can be adjusted as appropriate.
- a transparent conductive film as the counter electrode 16 is formed between the transparent substrate 13 and the color filter layer 14.
- the color filter layer 14 is formed after the transparent conductive film.
- the light emitted from the backlight unit 30 installed on the back surface of the liquid crystal panel 29 is reflected by the interface of the counter electrode 16 of the liquid crystal panel 29 and is observed by the light receiving elements 2a and 2b. Can alleviate that.
- the counter electrode 15 In the configuration of the counter electrode 15 in which the color filter layer 14 or the transparent resin layer 15 that is also a dielectric is stacked on the counter electrode 16 as in the present embodiment, it is applied between the pixel electrodes 3 e and 3 f and the counter electrode 16.
- the equipotential lines related to the liquid crystal driving voltage can be widened in the liquid crystal thickness direction, and the transmittance can be improved.
- the liquid crystal molecules L2 and L15 in the vicinity of the transparent pattern 15 on the counter substrate 28 and the liquid crystal molecules L8 and L9 in the vicinity of the concave portion 49 in the center of the counter substrate 28 are inclined by a predetermined angle in advance. Thereby, the liquid crystal molecules L1 to L16 can be effectively tilted when the drive voltage is applied.
- the oblique lights D6 and D7 are one or both of visible light emitted from the visible light solid light emitting element and short wavelength light emitted from the short wavelength solid light emitting element.
- the synchronization control unit 36 applies a liquid crystal driving voltage to the light guide electrode 3g and emits one or both of the visible light solid-state light emitting elements 32a and 32b and the short wavelength solid light-emitting elements 35a and 35b. , Do it synchronously.
- the synchronization control unit 36 synchronizes the application of the liquid crystal driving voltage to the light guide electrode 3g, the light emission of the short wavelength solid light emitting elements 35a and 35b, and the light reception of the light receiving elements 2a and 2b. To do. Switching between the three-dimensional image display and the two-dimensional image display is possible in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The application of the “finger operation mode” or the “security mode” is possible as in the third embodiment.
- the position where the transparent conductive film is formed in FIG. 18 is between the black matrix BM and the color filter layer 14, but the transparent conductive film such as between the transparent substrate 13 and the black matrix BM is It may be formed at another position.
- FIG. 19 is a plan view showing a first example of the relationship between the planar shape of the sub-pixel and the shapes of the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f and the light guide electrode 3g according to the present embodiment.
- the sub-pixel is a vertically long rectangle in plan view.
- the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f and the light guide electrode 3g which are comb-like electrodes, are electrically connected to three different liquid crystal driving elements, respectively.
- the light guide electrode 3g works together with the corresponding common electrode 11g to drive the liquid crystal near the oblique light aperture AP2 and emit oblique light D6 and D7.
- the slit-shaped oblique light aperture AP2 is formed in parallel with the light guide electrode 3g in order to emit oblique light that passes through the liquid crystal driven by the light guide electrode 3g.
- the connection part between the comb-tooth parts of the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f overlaps the lower side of the black matrix BM of the sub-pixels in plan view.
- the connection part between the comb-tooth parts of the light guide electrode 3g overlaps with the upper side of the black matrix BM of the subpixels in plan view.
- the number of comb teeth, the density, and the electrode width of the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f and the light guide electrode 3g can be variously changed according to the conditions of the liquid crystal cell.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view showing a second example of the relationship between the planar shape of the subpixel according to the present embodiment and the shapes of the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f and the light guide electrode 3g.
- FIG. 21 is a plan view showing a third example of the relationship between the planar shape of the subpixel according to the present embodiment and the shapes of the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f and the light guide electrode 3g.
- the sub-pixel is a parallelogram in plan view.
- the subpixel is a polygon having a “ ⁇ ” shape in a plan view.
- F1 to F4 are liquid crystal tilt directions when a liquid crystal driving voltage is applied to the pixel electrodes.
- the planar shape of the subpixel is preferably a parallelogram or a polygonal shape of " ⁇ ".
- the visibility of third parties can be reduced over a wide range by applying parallelogram subpixels whose emission direction changes for each subpixel of the character display. Becomes easier.
- Two to four liquid crystal drive elements are formed for one subpixel, and the pixel electrodes 3e and 3f for image display and the light guide electrode 3g for viewing angle control are separately driven by each liquid crystal drive element. In this case, the contribution of the pixel shape factor is slightly reduced.
- the drive voltage signal may be randomized and the shape and arrangement of the transparent pattern 48 may be randomized.
- oblique light D6 and D7 can be individually emitted when necessary, and can be randomized for character display on the display screen. On the other hand, it is possible to prevent third parties from seeing at a high level.
- the synchronous control part 36 is the visible light emission of visible light solid light emitting element 32a, 32b, and the voltage application to the light guide electrode 3g about the diagonal emission light for the viewing angle control for the purpose of third-party visual recognition prevention. Are performed synchronously.
- the synchronization control unit 36 synchronizes the short wavelength light emission of the short wavelength solid state light emitting devices 35a and 35b and the voltage application to the light guide electrode 3g.
- the emission peak of the short wavelength solid state light emitting devices 35a and 35b can be set in the low visibility region of the human eye, and the emission peak of the visible light solid state light emitting devices 32a and 32b is the emission peak of blue, green and red which are visible light. Can be set.
- the light receiving elements 2a and 2b having a transparent channel layer formed of an oxide semiconductor can set sensitivity according to the peak wavelength in the short wavelength region of the short wavelength solid state light emitting element, in this embodiment, the light receiving elements 2a and 2b are visible as oblique light. Light and short wavelength light may be emitted simultaneously, and visible light and short wavelength light may be emitted in a time-sharing manner.
- an aluminum alloy thin film is formed to 140 nm by DC magnetron sputtering.
- the aluminum alloy thin film is patterned into a desired shape to form a gate electrode and an auxiliary capacitor electrode.
- SiH 4 , NH 3 , and H 2 are used as source gases, and a SiN x thin film is formed to a thickness of 350 nm, thereby forming a gate insulation film that is a transparent insulating layer.
- an amorphous In—Ga—Zn—O thin film having a thickness of 40 nm is formed as a transparent channel layer by DC sputtering using an InGaZnO 4 target and patterned into a desired shape to form a transparent channel layer.
- an SiN target an SiON thin film is formed while introducing Ar and O 2 by RF sputtering, and patterned into a desired shape to form a transparent channel protective layer.
- an ITO thin film is formed with a thickness of 140 nm by DC magnetron sputtering and patterned into a desired shape to form source / drain electrodes.
- a SiN x thin film having a thickness of 500 nm is formed using SiH 4 , NH 3 , and H 2 as source gases to form a protective film.
- the light receiving elements 2a and 2b can be manufactured at the same time using the same method and the same process as the liquid crystal driving elements 12a to 12d.
- the liquid crystal driving elements 12a to 12d and the light receiving elements 2a and 2b which are phototransistors, may have a top gate structure.
- the liquid crystal driving elements 12a to 12d and the light receiving elements 2a and 2b may be a single gate structure in which one transparent channel layer is formed, a double gate structure in which two are formed, or a triple in which three are formed.
- a gate structure may be used.
- the liquid crystal driving elements 12a to 12d and the light receiving elements 2a and 2b may have a dual gate structure including two gate electrodes arranged above and below the transparent channel layer region via a gate insulating film.
- the gate electrode is exemplified by an aluminum alloy thin film and the source / drain electrode is exemplified by an ITO thin film.
- a thin film of a metal / alloy such as titanium, tantalum, tungsten, or molybdenum is applied to these electrode materials. May be.
- the liquid crystal driving elements 12a to 12d and the light receiving elements 2a and 2b may have a laminated structure including a thin film of copper or aluminum.
- the aluminum alloy thin film is made of niobium (Nd), lanthanum (La), tantalum (Ta), zirconium (Zr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), germanium (Ge), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg).
- the aluminum alloy may be formed by adding one or more metals such as copper (Cu) to aluminum in an amount of 3 at% or less.
- the sensitivity range of the light receiving elements S1 and S2 can be shifted to the visible range, which is the longer wavelength side of the light wavelength.
- the thickness of the transparent channel layer can be adjusted within a range of 5 nm to 200 nm.
- the photosensitive coloring composition used for forming the color filter layer 14 contains, in addition to the pigment dispersion, a polyfunctional monomer, a photosensitive resin or a non-photosensitive resin, a polymerization initiator, a solvent, and the like.
- the highly transparent organic resins used in this embodiment, such as a photosensitive resin or a non-photosensitive resin, are collectively referred to as a transparent resin.
- the resin used for the black matrix BM and the color filter layer 14 is preferably a resin imparted with alkali solubility.
- the alkali-soluble resin may be a resin containing a carboxyl group or a hydroxyl group.
- an epoxy acrylate resin, a novolac resin, a polyvinylphenol resin, an acrylic resin, a carboxyl group-containing epoxy resin, a carboxyl group-containing urethane resin, or the like is used as the alkali-soluble resin.
- epoxy acrylate resins, novolak resins, and acrylic resins are preferable, and epoxy acrylate resins or novolak resins are particularly preferable.
- red pigments examples include C.I. I. Pigment Red 7, 9, 14, 41, 48: 1, 48: 2, 48: 3, 48: 4, 81: 1, 81: 2, 81: 3, 97, 122, 123, 139, 146, 149, 168, 177, 178, 179, 180, 184, 185, 187, 192, 200, 202, 208, 210, 215, 216, 217, 220, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, 240, 242, 246, 254, 255, 264, 272, 279, or the like can be used.
- yellow pigments examples include C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 24, 31, 32, 34, 35, 35: 1, 36, 36: 1, 37, 37: 1, 40, 42, 43, 53, 55, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 73, 74, 77, 81, 83, 86, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 101, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 137, 138, 139, 144, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 161, 162, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 1 73, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 18
- blue pigments examples include C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 4, 15: 6, 16, 22, 60, 64, 80, etc., among which C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 6 is preferred.
- a purple pigment for example, C.I. I. Pigment Violet 1, 19, 23, 27, 29, 30, 32, 37, 40, 42, 50 and the like can be used. I. Pigment Violet 23 is preferred.
- Examples of the green pigment used for the green filter 14G include C.I. I. Pigment Green 1, 4, 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 26, 36, 45, 48, 50, 51, 54, 55, 58, etc. can be used.
- C.I. is a halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment.
- I. Pigment Green 58 is preferred.
- a green filter using a halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment has a lower dielectric constant than a green filter of a halogenated copper phthalocyanine that has been generally used as a green pigment.
- the green filter 14G By using a zinc halide phthalocyanine green pigment for the green filter 14G, it is possible to substantially match the relative dielectric constant of the red filter 14R and the blue filter 14B included in the color filter layer 14.
- a zinc halide phthalocyanine green pigment for the green filter 14G, it is possible to substantially match the relative dielectric constant of the red filter 14R and the blue filter 14B included in the color filter layer 14.
- the relative dielectric constant of each of the blue filter 14B of the blue subpixel and the red filter 14R of the red subpixel at a film thickness of 2.8 ⁇ m is measured at a liquid crystal drive frequency such as a voltage of 5 V, 120 Hz, and 240 Hz, the relative dielectric constant is obtained.
- the rate falls in the range of approximately 3 to 3.9.
- the relative dielectric constant of the green filter 14G using a zinc halide phthalocyanine green pigment as a main color material is about 3.4 to 3.7.
- the relative dielectric constant of the green filter 14G The rate can be matched with the relative permittivity of the other two colors of the red filter 14R and the blue filter 14B.
- the arrangement of the relative dielectric constants of the blue filter 14B, the green filter 14G, and the red filter 14R is such that the color filter layer 14 is formed on the transparent electrode (common electrode 16) as shown in the fourteenth embodiment.
- IPS horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device
- the relative dielectric constants of the blue filter 14B, the green filter 14G, and the red filter 14R are the same level, adverse effects such as light leakage may be reduced due to different relative dielectric constants of the color filters when the liquid crystal is driven. it can.
- the relative dielectric constant of the green filter 14G mainly composed of copper halide phthalocyanine is about 4.4 to 4.6, which is not much larger than the relative dielectric constants of the blue filter 14B and the red filter 14R.
- the green filter 14G of a halogenated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment has a steep spectral characteristic curve and a higher transmittance than the green pigment of a halogenated copper phthalocyanine.
- the light-shielding colorant used in the black matrix BM a mixture of the above-mentioned various organic pigments can be used, or carbon excellent in light-shielding ability can be used.
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Abstract
Description
(A)液晶表示装置は、バックライトユニットに可視波長域の可視光を発光する光源に加えて、波長360nmから420nmの照明光を発光する短波長固体発光素子を備えること
(B)短波長固体発光素子からの発光は、液晶画面に近づく指またはポインタなどの入力指示体を照明するための照明光として用いられること
(C)酸化物半導体を透明チャネル層とする複数の受光素子がアレイ基板に配設され、入力指示体の液晶画面からの距離及び位置、移動の速度などが短波長固体発光素子の発光と同期させて検知されること
(D)受光素子は、平面視で、短波長の光の透過率の高い青フィルタと重なる位置に配設されること
である。
本実施形態において、画素電極と導光電極とは異なる液晶駆動素子によって別々に駆動される。この異なる液晶駆動素子の駆動タイミングは重なっていてもよい。液晶駆動素子としては、例えばTFTを用いることができる。
本実施形態においては、画素電極と導光電極とを一体構成とした画素電極に対して液晶駆動素子を割り当てる液晶表示装置について説明する。
本字実施形態においては、ブラックマトリクスBMにスリット開口部が形成されており、このスリット状の開口部から、例えば第三者視認防止のための可視光と紫外光を出射する液晶表示装置について説明する。
本実施形態においては、上記第3の実施形態の変形例について説明する。本実施形態に係る斜め開口部AP2の断面は、凸形状を持つ。
本実施形態においては、サブピクセルの平面形状と画素電極の形状との関係について説明する。
本実施形態においては、液晶駆動素子12a~12dの製造について説明する。本実施形態において、液晶駆動素子12a~12dは、例えば、ボトムゲート型トップコンタクトエッチストッパー構造を持つとする。
本実施形態においては、上記各実施形態に係る液晶表示装置1,37,44の対向基板5,41,46で用いられる透明樹脂及び有機顔料などの各種材料の例について説明する。
Claims (15)
- 複数の受光素子と複数の電極と当該複数の電極と電気的に接続される少なくとも一つの液晶駆動素子とを備えるアレイ基板と、
複数の画素又はサブピクセルに対応し平面視でマトリクス状に区分けされた複数の画素開口部を形成するブラックマトリクスと、前記複数の画素開口部に対応する青フィルタと緑フィルタと赤フィルタとを含むカラーフィルタ層とを備える対向基板と、
前記アレイ基板と前記対向基板とを液晶層を介して互いに対向させた液晶パネルと、
前記液晶パネルの裏面側に備えられ、固体発光素子を含むバックライトユニットと
を具備し、
前記固体発光素子は、波長360nmから420nmの間の短波長光を発光する第1の発光素子と、可視光を発光する第2の発光素子とを具備し、
前記複数の電極は、前記液晶層に含まれている液晶を前記短波長光の出射のために駆動する導光電極と、前記液晶層に含まれている液晶を前記可視光の出射のために駆動する画素電極とを含み、
前記複数の受光素子は、ガリウム、インジウム、亜鉛、ハフニウム、錫、イットリウムのうちの2種以上の金属酸化物を含む透明チャネル層を備えるフォトトランジスタであり、平面視で前記青フィルタと重なる第1の受光素子と、平面視で前記緑フィルタ、前記赤フィルタ、又は前記ブラックマトリクスと重なる第2の受光素子とを含む
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記第1の発光素子の発光タイミングと前記第1の受光素子の観測タイミングとを、同期させる制御部をさらに具備する、ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記導光電極は、さらに、前記液晶層に含まれている液晶を前記可視光の出射のために駆動し、
前記第1の発光素子の発光タイミングと前記導光電極の液晶駆動電圧印加タイミングとを同期させ、前記第1の発光素子の発光タイミングと異なる前記第2の発光素子の発光タイミングと前記複数の電極の液晶駆動電圧印加タイミングとを同期させる制御部をさらに具備する、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記画素又は前記サブピクセルに対して複数の前記液晶駆動素子が配置され、
前記画素又は前記サブピクセルに配置されている複数の前記液晶駆動素子のうちの少な
くとも1つは、前記導光電極と電気的に接続され、
前記画素又は前記サブピクセルに配置されている複数の前記液晶駆動素子のうちの他の少なくとも1つは、前記画素電極と電気的に接続される、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記第1の受光素子は、前記短波長光の観測を行うために波長360nmから420nmの範囲で受光感度を持ち、
前記第1の受光素子の観測値から前記第2の受光素子の観測値を引いて、補償観測値を求める演算部をさらに具備する、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項5記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記第1の受光素子と前記第2の受光素子とは、互いに隣接する画素又はサブピクセルに備えられていることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記ブラックマトリクスは、平面視で互いに対向する2辺に形成された斜め光開口部を具備し、
前記複数の電極は、前記画素開口部に対応する液晶を駆動するための前記画素電極と、前記斜め光開口部に対応する液晶を駆動するための前記導光電極とを含む
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記アレイ基板は、遮光膜をさらに具備し、
前記第2の受光素子は、平面視で前記ブラックマトリクス及び前記遮光膜と重なる位置であり、かつ、断面視で前記ブラックマトリクスと前記遮光膜とに挟まれる状態で配置され、前記液晶パネルで発生する反射光を検出する、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記アレイ基板は、遮光膜をさらに具備し、
前記第2の受光素子は、平面視で前記緑フィルタ又は前記赤フィルタと、前記遮光膜と重なる位置であり、かつ、断面視で前記緑フィルタ又は前記赤フィルタと、前記遮光膜とに挟まれる状態で配置され、前記液晶パネルで発生する反射光を検出する、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記対向基板は、
透明基板の一方の面の上に形成された前記ブラックマトリクスと、
前記ブラックマトリクスの形成された一方の面に対して形成された透明導電膜と、
前記透明導電膜の上に形成された前記カラーフィルタ層と、
前記カラーフィルタ層の上に形成された透明樹脂層と
を具備する
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記対向基板は、
透明基板の一方の面の上に形成された前記ブラックマトリクスと、
前記ブラックマトリクスの形成された一方の面に対して形成された前記カラーフィルタ層と、
前記カラーフィルタ層の上に形成された透明樹脂層と、
前記透明樹脂層の上に形成された透明導電膜と
を具備し、
前記透明導電膜は、前記複数の受光素子と対向する位置には形成されない、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記緑フィルタは、主な色材として、ハロゲン化亜鉛フタロシアニン緑色顔料を含む
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記液晶層は、初期垂直配向の液晶を含むことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記バックライトユニットと前記液晶パネルとの間に備えられ、前記バックライトユニットによって照射された光を、前記液晶パネルの法線方向に対して傾きを持つ斜め方向に出射する光制御素子をさらに具備することを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1記載の液晶表示装置において、
前記短波長光の強度を切り替える切替部をさらに具備することを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
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KR20230174330A (ko) * | 2022-06-17 | 2023-12-28 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시 장치 및 이를 포함하는 입력 시스템 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20140097559A (ko) | 2014-08-06 |
EP2790053A4 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
KR101552078B1 (ko) | 2015-09-09 |
EP2790053B1 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
JP5360270B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
TWI504987B (zh) | 2015-10-21 |
EP2790053A1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
JP2013140323A (ja) | 2013-07-18 |
US20140267955A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
US9547191B2 (en) | 2017-01-17 |
CN103988119B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
TW201329578A (zh) | 2013-07-16 |
CN103988119A (zh) | 2014-08-13 |
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