WO2013075624A1 - 甘氨酸重摄取抑制剂及其应用 - Google Patents

甘氨酸重摄取抑制剂及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2013075624A1
WO2013075624A1 PCT/CN2012/084943 CN2012084943W WO2013075624A1 WO 2013075624 A1 WO2013075624 A1 WO 2013075624A1 CN 2012084943 W CN2012084943 W CN 2012084943W WO 2013075624 A1 WO2013075624 A1 WO 2013075624A1
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compound
group
alkyl
alkoxy
schizophrenia
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PCT/CN2012/084943
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘津爱
王明新
杨帆
王爱玲
朱岩
崔进
冀蕾
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北京哈三联科技股份有限公司
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Priority to US14/359,942 priority Critical patent/US9242938B2/en
Priority to EP12851051.8A priority patent/EP2784065B1/en
Publication of WO2013075624A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013075624A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/81Amides; Imides
    • C07D213/82Amides; Imides in position 3
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/18Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/81Amides; Imides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to glycine reuptake inhibitors and uses thereof, such inhibitors, for example, for the treatment of schizophrenia. Background technique
  • Schizophrenic di sorder is an extremely serious mental illness, lacking connection with reality, hallucinations, delusions and abnormal thinking, and significant impairment of social function. Schizophrenia is a worldwide public health problem with a global prevalence of about 0.8-1%. The peak age of schizophrenia is 18 to 25 years old for men and 26 to 45 years for women. However, it is not uncommon for children or adolescents to develop even in their later years. Different patients have different symptoms and clinical manifestations.
  • Positive symptoms including hallucinations and delusions, agitation, paranoia, mental disorders and behavioral abnormalities
  • Negative symptoms including emotional retardation, Low language, lack of interest, lack of pleasure, and detachment
  • a patient may have one or all of the above symptoms, which are often more severe and significantly affect the patient's work, interpersonal relationships, and even personal life.
  • the overall goal of treatment for schizophrenia is to relieve symptoms, avoid recurrence, restore functional deficits, improve recovery as much as possible, and improve quality of life.
  • the drugs for clinical treatment of schizophrenia can be mainly divided into two categories:
  • the first generation of anti-schizophrenia drugs traditional antipsychotic drugs.
  • Such drugs mainly include selective dopamine D2 receptor blockers, and typical drugs are Ha loper idol and Chlorpromaz ine. These drugs have a certain therapeutic effect on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but their negative symptoms and memory recognition barrier There is no effect. Moreover, such drugs can cause more serious adverse reactions, such as extrapyramidal side effects, muscle rigidity, weight gain, and the like.
  • Second generation anti-schizophrenia drugs (atypical antipsychotics).
  • the drugs are mainly serotonin 5-HT2 receptor blockers and dopamine D2 receptor blockers, typical drugs such as 01anzepine, Ri sper idone, Ar ipiprazole, Que tiapine and Clozapine.
  • the second-generation atypical anti-schizophrenia drugs have similar therapeutic effects on schizophrenia-positive symptoms as the first-generation anti-schizophrenia drugs, but have significantly fewer side effects, such as extrapyramidal side effects.
  • the currently used anti-schizophrenia drugs have a certain therapeutic effect on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, which can alleviate or eliminate symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations and thinking disorders. Maintaining antipsychotic medications can reduce the likelihood of relapse after acute symptoms have been eliminated.
  • almost all clinical drugs have no significant therapeutic effect on schizophrenia-negative symptoms and memory disorders.
  • aripiprazole (Aripiprazole), according to clinical research results, the drug has a certain degree of therapeutic effect on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but its therapeutic effect is still not significant, pending further study in clinical research.
  • anti-schizophrenia drugs can cause significant adverse effects such as sedation, muscle rigidity, tremors, and weight gain.
  • these antipsychotic drugs can cause tardive dyskinesias to be involuntarily characterized by lip and tongue shrinkage or torsional dyskinesia of the arms and legs. Even after discontinuation of the drug, delayed dyskinesia will not disappear and there will be no effective treatment.
  • the short-term prognosis of schizophrenia depends on the patient's compliance with treatment. If drug maintenance is not used, 70% to 80% of schizophrenia will recur within 12 months and can re-emerge. The recurrence rate of this disease has dropped to around 30%.
  • the long-term prognosis of schizophrenia is diverse, with 1 / 3 of patients achieving significant and sustained improvement, and another 1/3 of patients with partial improvement, intermittent and residual disability, and 1 / 3 of the patients are seriously ill And there is a significant disability.
  • Good prognostic factors include acute onset, late onset, good social skills before onset, and paranoid or positive schizophrenia.
  • Factors with poor prognosis include early onset, poor social or occupational skills before onset, a positive family history of schizophrenia, and adolescent or negative schizophrenia.
  • CN101616592A discloses a benzotriazinone compound for increasing glutamatergic synaptic response, which is useful for the prevention and treatment of brain dysfunction, such as various dementias, schizophrenia and the like.
  • CN101035760A discloses a compound for enhancing glutamate receptors which is useful for treating schizophrenia.
  • CN1535980A discloses novel compounds having inhibitory activity against glycine transporters, which are useful for the treatment of schizophrenia. Currently, there is still a new way of treating schizophrenia in the field.
  • the present inventors have surprisingly found that the compound of formula I has potent glycine reuptake inhibition, and the present invention has been completed based thereon.
  • R1 is one or more groups each independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, nitro, cyano, amino, hydroxy, halo C1-6 alkyl And halogenated C1-6 alkoxy;
  • R2 is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, halogenated C1-6 alkyl and halogenated
  • R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, nitro, cyano, amino, hydroxy, halo C1-6 alkyl and halo C1-6 alkane Oxygen.
  • R1 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, halo C1-6 alkyl and halo C1-6 alkoxy.
  • R2 is selected from the group consisting of: C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 alkoxy.
  • R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy and hydroxy.
  • the compound according to the first aspect of the invention wherein the C1-6 alkyl group is a C1-4 alkyl group.
  • a compound according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said facet (face) is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, preferably fluorine and chlorine.
  • a compound according to the first aspect of the invention which is a compound selected from the group consisting of:
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of the first aspect of the invention.
  • a third aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the first aspects of the invention Said compound of formula I, and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I according to any of the first aspects of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for glycine reuptake inhibitors.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula I according to any of the first aspects of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of schizophrenia in a mammal, including a human.
  • a fifth aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating and/or preventing schizophrenia in a mammal, including a human, in a mammal in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the first aspect of the invention A compound of formula I as claimed in any of the preceding claims.
  • a sixth aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and/or prevention of schizophrenia in a mammal, including a human, comprising a compound of the formula I according to any one of the first aspects of the invention, and optionally One or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.
  • a seventh aspect of the invention relates to a compound of formula I according to any one of the first aspects of the invention for use in the treatment and/or prevention of schizophrenia in a mammal, including a human.
  • any of the embodiments of any of the aspects of the invention may be combined with other embodiments as long as they do not contradict each other.
  • any of the technical features may be applied to the technical features in other embodiments as long as they do not contradict each other.
  • the various starting materials used in the reaction can be prepared by those skilled in the art based on prior knowledge, or can be obtained by methods well known in the literature, or can be commercially obtained. of.
  • the intermediates, raw materials, reagents, reaction conditions and the like used in the above reaction scheme can be appropriately changed according to the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
  • those skilled in the art can also synthesize other compounds of formula I not specifically enumerated herein according to the method of the second aspect of the invention.
  • the compound of the formula I of the present invention can be used in combination with other active ingredients as long as it does not cause other adverse effects such as an allergic reaction.
  • the active compound of the formula I of the present invention can be used as the sole antitumor/anticancer drug, or It can be used in combination with one or more other antibacterial agents. Combination therapy is achieved by administering the individual therapeutic components simultaneously, sequentially or separately.
  • composition as used herein is meant to include a product comprising specified amounts of each of the specified ingredients, as well as any product that results, directly or indirectly, from a specified combination of the specified ingredients.
  • composition can be used interchangeably with “pharmaceutical composition.”
  • the compound of the present invention can be used in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt derived from a mineral acid or an organic acid.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt means within a reliable medical judgment and is suitable for use in contact with tissues of humans and lower animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic reactions, etc., and with reasonable effects/risk ratios. Proportionate salt.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge, et al., J. Pharmaceut i ca l Sc iences, 1977, 66: 1 describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail.
  • the salts can be prepared in situ or separately prepared during the final isolation and purification of the compounds of the invention by reacting the free base functionality of the compounds of the invention with a suitable organic acid.
  • Representative acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, hydrogen sulfate, butyric acid.
  • basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternized with: lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates such as sulfuric acid Methyl ester, diethyl ester, dibutyl ester and diamyl ester; long chain facets such as fluorenyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl and octadecyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; arylalkanes
  • the base materials are benzyl bromide and phenethyl bromide and others.
  • the acid which can be used to form a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, acid and lithic acid, and organic acids such as oxalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid and citric acid.
  • Base addition salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of a compound of the invention by reacting a carboxylic acid containing moiety of a compound of the invention with a suitable base, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation hydroxide. , carbonates and hydrogencarbonates, or ammonia or organic primary, secondary or tertiary amines.
  • a suitable base such as a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation hydroxide. , carbonates and hydrogencarbonates, or ammonia or organic primary, secondary or tertiary amines.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal based cations such as lithium, Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and aluminum salts, and non-toxic quaternary ammonium and amine cations, including ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, methylammonium, dimethylammonium, trimethylammonium, three Ethyl ammonium, diethyl ammonium and ethyl ammonium.
  • Other representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperidine, piperazine, and the like.
  • the compounds of the formula I according to the invention also include the isomers, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, enantiomeric enrichments, solvates, and esters thereof, the compounds of the formula I according to the invention and the isomers thereof
  • the racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, enantiomeric enrichments, solvates, and esters may also form solvates such as hydrates, alcoholates, and the like.
  • the above compounds may also be in the form of a prodrug or a release of the active ingredient after metabolic changes in the body.
  • suitable prodrug derivatives are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like are equivalent to the unsolvated forms.
  • each active ingredient in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be varied so that the amount of active compound obtained is effective to provide the desired therapeutic response to the particular patient, composition, and mode of administration.
  • the dosage level will be selected based on the activity of the particular compound, the route of administration, the severity of the condition being treated, and the condition and past medical history of the patient to be treated. However, it is the practice in the art that the dosage of the compound be started from a level lower than that required to achieve the desired therapeutic effect, and the dosage is gradually increased until the desired effect is obtained.
  • a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of the invention may be administered in pure form, or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable ester or prodrug (in the presence of In the case of these forms) application.
  • the compound can be administered in a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of interest and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • therapeutic and/or prophylactically effective amount refers to a sufficient amount of a compound to treat the disorder in a reasonable effect/risk ratio suitable for any medical treatment and/or prevention.
  • the total daily usage of the compounds and compositions of the present invention will be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment.
  • the specific therapeutically effective dosage level for any particular patient will depend on a number of factors, including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the particular compound employed; the particular composition employed; Patient's age, weight, general health, sex and diet; time of administration, route of administration and excretion rate of the particular compound employed; duration of treatment; drug used in combination with or concurrent with the particular compound employed; Similar factors are known in the medical field. For example, it is the practice in the art that the dosage of the compound be started from a level lower than that required to achieve the desired therapeutic effect, and the dosage is gradually increased until the desired effect is obtained.
  • the dosage of the compound of the formula I for use in mammals, especially humans, may be between 0.001 and 1000 mg/kg.
  • Weight / day for example between 0. 01 - 100 mg / kg body weight / day, for example between 0. 01 ⁇ 10 mg / kg body weight / day.
  • compositions containing an effective amount of a compound of the invention can be prepared using pharmaceutical carriers that are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the invention therefore also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention formulated together with one or more non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be specially formulated for oral administration in solid or liquid form, for parenteral injection or for rectal administration.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated into a plurality of dosage forms for ease of administration, for example, oral preparations (such as tablets, capsules, solutions or suspensions); injectable preparations (such as injectable solutions or suspensions) , or an injectable dry powder, which can be used immediately before injection.
  • oral preparations such as tablets, capsules, solutions or suspensions
  • injectable preparations such as injectable solutions or suspensions
  • injectable dry powder which can be used immediately before injection.
  • the carrier of the pharmaceutical composition comprises: a binder for oral preparation (such as starch, usually corn, wheat or rice starch, gelatin, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone) , diluents (such as lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose, and / or glycerin), lubricants (such as silica, talc, stearic acid or its salts, usually stearic acid) Magnesium or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycol), and if desired, a disintegrating agent, such as starch, agar, alginic acid or a salt thereof, usually sodium alginate, and/or an effervescent mixture, Solubilizers, stabilizers, suspending agents, non-pigmenting, flavoring agents, etc., preservatives, solubilizers, stabilizers, etc.
  • the pharmaceutical preparations can be administered orally or parenterally (e.g., intravenously, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or topically), and if certain drugs are unstable under gastric conditions, they can be formulated into enteric coated tablets.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered orally, rectally, parenterally, enterally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (e.g., by powder, ointment or drops), by buccal administration to humans and other lactating agents.
  • gastrointestinal tract refers to a mode of administration including intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrasternal, subcutaneous and intraarticular injections and infusions.
  • compositions suitable for parenteral injection may include physiologically acceptable sterile aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, and sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
  • suitable aqueous or nonaqueous vehicles, diluents, solvents or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols (propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, etc.), vegetable oils (such as olive oil), injectable organic esters such as oleic acid. Ethyl esters and suitable mixtures thereof.
  • compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preservatives, wetting agents, emulsifying agents and dispersing agents.
  • adjuvants such as preservatives, wetting agents, emulsifying agents and dispersing agents.
  • the action of microorganisms can be ensured by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, such as parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid and the like. It is also desirable to include isotonic agents, such as sugars, sodium chloride Wait. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form can be brought about by the use of materials which delay absorption, such as aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
  • Suspensions may contain suspending agents in addition to the active compound, such as ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite , agar and tragacanth or a mixture of these substances.
  • suspending agents such as ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite , agar and tragacanth or a mixture of these substances.
  • the rate of absorption of the drug depends on its rate of dissolution, which in turn may depend on crystal size and crystal form.
  • delayed absorption of the parenterally administered drug form is accomplished by dissolving or suspending the drug in an oil vehicle.
  • Injectable depot forms can be in biodegradable polymers such as polylactide - Nang matrices of the drug microcapsules prepared polyglycolide unitary (P olylact ide_ P olyg lycol ide ) is formed. The rate of drug release can be controlled based on the ratio of drug to polymer and the nature of the particular polymer employed. Examples of other biodegradable polymers include poly (or thoes ters) and poly (anhydrides). Injectable depot formulations are also prepared by embedding the drug in liposomes or microemulsions which are compatible with body tissues.
  • the injectable preparation can be sterilized, for example, by filtration with a bacteriophage or by incorporating a sterilizing agent in the form of a sterile solid composition which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterilized form before use. Injectable medium.
  • the compounds of the invention or compositions thereof may be administered orally or parenterally.
  • Oral administration may be a tablet, a capsule, a coating, an enteral preparation, an injection, a suppository, and the like. These formulations are prepared according to methods familiar to those skilled in the art.
  • the excipients used in the manufacture of tablets, capsules, and coatings are conventional excipients such as starch, gelatin, gum arabic, silica, polyethylene glycol, solvents used in liquid dosage forms such as water, ethanol, propylene glycol, vegetable oils (eg Corn oil, peanut oil, olive oil, etc.).
  • the dosage of the compound of the formula I according to the invention in tablets, capsules, coatings, injections and suppositories is calculated as the amount of the compound present in the unit dosage form.
  • the unit dosage form of the present invention in a unit dosage form is generally from 0.01 to 5000 mg, preferably a unit dosage form containing from 0.1 to 500 mg, more preferably a unit dosage form containing from 1 to 300 mg.
  • solid dosage forms for oral administration which may be provided by the present invention include capsules, tablets, pills, powders and granules.
  • the active compound may be combined with at least one inert pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or Mix: a) fillers or extenders such as starch, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol and silicic acid; b) binders such as carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose and arabic Gum; c) humectant such as glycerin; d) disintegrants such as agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates and sodium carbonate; e) solution retarders such as paraffin; f) absorption acceleration Agents such as quaternary ammonium compounds; g) wetting agents such as cetyl alcohol and glyceryl monostearate; h) adsorbents such as kaolin and bentonite and i) lubricants such as sodium citrate or dicalc
  • compositions of a similar type may be employed as fillers in soft and hard gelatin using excipients such as lactose and high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.
  • the solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other materials well known in the art of pharmaceutical preparations.
  • These solid dosage forms may optionally contain opacifying agents and may be of a composition such that they are only or preferentially, in a certain portion of the intestinal tract, optionally release the active ingredient in a delayed manner.
  • opacifying agents include high molecular substances and waxes.
  • the active compound may also be formulated in microstimulation with one or more of the above-mentioned excipients.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, sugar release agents such as water or other solvents, solubilizers and emulsifiers such as ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate , benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (especially cottonseed oil, peanut oil, corn oil, germ oil, olive oil, castor oil and sesame oil), Glycerin, tet rahydrofurfuryl a lcohol, fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol and sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.
  • the oral compositions may contain, in addition to inert diluents, excipients such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, and flavoring agents.
  • compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories.
  • Suppositories can be prepared by admixing a compound of the present invention with a suitable non- irritating excipient or carrier such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or suppository wax, which are solid at room temperature but liquid at body temperature, thus Melting in the rectal cavity or vaginal cavity releases the active compound.
  • the compounds of the invention and compositions thereof are also contemplated for topical administration.
  • Dosage forms for topical administration of a compound of the invention include powders, sprays, ointments and inhalants.
  • the active compound is admixed under sterile conditions with apharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any such preservative, buffer or admixture.
  • Ophthalmic formulations, eye ointments, powders and solutions are also contemplated as being within the scope of the invention.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be administered in the form of liposomes.
  • liposomes are typically prepared using phospholipids or other lipid materials. Liposomes are formed from single or multiple layers of hydrated liquid crystal dispersed in an aqueous medium.
  • composition of the present invention in the form of a liposome may contain, in addition to the compound of the present invention, a stabilizer, a preservative, an excipient or the like.
  • Preferred lipids are natural and synthetic phospholipids and phosphatidylcholines (lecithins), which may be used alone or together.
  • Methods of forming liposomes are well known in the art. See, for example, Prescot T, Ed., Methods in Ce ll Biology, Volume XIV, Academic Pres s, New York, NY (1976), p.
  • Example 1 Preparation of a compound of the formula (Co. 1)
  • the synthetic route is as follows:
  • reaction system was carried out at 0 ° C. It was quenched by adding water in sequence. Filtration, the filter cake was washed with THF, the mother liquid was distilled off, and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate.
  • reaction system was carried out at 0 ° C. It was quenched by adding water in sequence. Filtration, the filter cake was washed with THF, and the solvent was evaporated from ethyl acetate. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to give an oily product (compound 5).
  • the synthetic route is as follows:
  • Acetodiimide (Chongqing Woken Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (Shanghai Linger Chemical Co., Ltd.), react for 30 min, add 1.2 ep piperidine, end the reaction, filter, distill off the solvent The residue was dissolved in 20mL ethyl acetate, washed with dilute HC1 is then washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3, then washed with brine, dried, filtered, and solvent removal to give a pale yellow oil (compound 3).
  • the synthetic route is as follows:
  • the synthetic route is as follows:
  • the animals used in the experiment were adult Wistar male rats weighing 180-250 g, 6/cage rearing, 12/12 hour light/dark cycle adjustment, temperature 23 ⁇ 1 °C constant temperature, humidity 50-60%, free access to water. . After the animals were purchased from the experimental animal center, all animals were randomly divided into two groups after one week of adaptive feeding:
  • the first group negative control group, intraperitoneal injection of 1% DMSO saline (10.0 ml / kg, ip);
  • Group 2 experimental drug group, rats were injected intraperitoneally with different doses of test compound Co.
  • l 5.0, 10 And 30 mg/kg, ip, the drug was placed in 1% DMSO saline.
  • the experiment uses Shanghai Jiliang Animal Behavior Video Analysis System.
  • the experimental environment is absolutely quiet. When grasping animals and administering drugs, the movements are gentle, and the mental and emotional reactions caused by external stimuli are minimized.
  • the rats were placed in a spontaneous activity box, and the spontaneous activity box was placed in an absolutely quiet environment.
  • the spontaneous activity box was connected to the recording instrument and the rats were recorded for 30-60 minutes of activity. The effect of the drug or control on the spontaneous activity of the rat was determined.
  • the animals used in the experiment were adult Wistar male rats weighing 180-250 g, 6/cage rearing, 12/12 hour light/dark cycle adjustment, temperature 23 ⁇ 1 °C constant temperature, humidity 50-60%, free access to water. . After the animals were purchased from the experimental animal center, all animals were randomly divided into three groups after one week of adaptive feeding:
  • the first group negative control group, intraperitoneal injection of 1% DMSO normal saline (10.0 ml / kg, ip);
  • Group 2 experimental drug group, rats were injected intraperitoneally with different doses of test compound Co. l : 5 , 10 And 30 mg/kg, ip, the drug is placed in 1% DMSO saline;
  • Group 3 Positive drug control group, rats were intraperitoneally injected with Olanzepine (10 mg/kg, i.p., drug in 1% DMSO saline).
  • the experiment uses Shanghai Jiliang Animal Behavior Video Analysis System.
  • the experimental environment is absolutely quiet. When grasping animals and administering drugs, the movements are gentle, and the mental and emotional reactions caused by external stimuli are minimized. Rats were transferred from the animal house to a quiet laboratory and allowed to acclimate for at least two hours.
  • PCP 5.0 mg/kg, s.c.
  • 1% DMS0 saline was used as a control.
  • the animals were intraperitoneally injected with the test compound, or 1% DMSO physiological saline as a control, and the rats were placed in a spontaneous activity box, and the spontaneous activity box was placed in an absolutely quiet environment.
  • the spontaneous activity box was connected to a recording instrument and the mice were recorded for 30-60 minutes of activity. The effect of the drug or control on the spontaneous activity of the mouse was determined.
  • Test horse full case 3 Effect of compound on Amphetamine-induced high activity in rats
  • the animals used in the experiment were adult Wistar male rats weighing 180-250 g, 6/cage rearing, 12/12 hour light/dark cycle adjustment, temperature 23 ⁇ 1 °C constant temperature, humidity 50-60%, free feeding. Water. After the animals were purchased from the experimental animal center, all animals were randomly divided into three groups after one week of adaptive feeding:
  • the first group negative control group, intraperitoneal injection of 1% DMSO normal saline (10.0 ml / kg, ip);
  • Group 2 experimental drug group, rats were injected intraperitoneally with different doses of test compound Co. l : 5 , 10 And 30 mg/kg, ip, the drug is placed in 1% DMSO saline;
  • Group 3 Positive drug control group, rats were intraperitoneally injected with Olanzepine (10 mg/kg, i.p., drug in 1% DMSO saline).
  • the experiment uses Shanghai Jiliang Animal Behavior Video Analysis System.
  • the experimental environment is absolutely quiet. When grasping animals and administering drugs, the movements are gentle, and the mental and emotional reactions caused by external stimuli are minimized.
  • Rats were transferred from the animal house to a quiet laboratory and allowed to acclimate for at least two hours.
  • Amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline was used as a control. After 30 minutes, the animal oral compound, or physiological saline was used as a control, and the rats were placed in a spontaneous activity box, and the spontaneous activity box was placed in an absolutely quiet environment.
  • the spontaneous activity box was connected to the recording instrument and the mice were recorded for 30-60 minutes of activity. The effect of the drug or control on the spontaneous activity of the rat was determined.
  • Test Example 4 The anti-glycine reuptake activity of the compound of the present invention was measured by a method generally known in the art, and the experiment was repeated three times and averaged.
  • the partial measurement results of the compound of the present invention Co. 2 are as follows:

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种甘氨酸重摄取抑制剂及其应用,所述甘氨酸重摄取抑制剂为式I化合物,或其异构体、药学可接受的盐或溶剂合物,其中R1是一个或多个选自下列的基团:氢、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、硝基、氰基、氨基、羟基、卤代C1-6烷基和卤代C-6烷氧基;R2选自:氢、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、卤代C1-6烷基和卤代C1-6烷氧基;R3和R4各自独立地选自:氢、卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、硝基、氰基、氨基、羟基、卤代C1-6烷基和卤代C1-6烷氧基。

Description

说明书 甘氨酸重摄取抑制剂及其应用
本申请要求享受 2011 年 11 月 11 日提交的中国专利申请 201110372769. 2 以及 2012 年 11 月 19 日提交的中国专利申请 201210469803. 2的优先权。 技术领域
本发明涉及甘氨酸重摄取抑制剂及其应用, 此类抑制剂例如可用于治 疗精神分裂症。 背景技术
精神分裂症( Schizophrenic di sorder )是一种极为严重的精神疾病, 与现实缺乏联系, 存在幻觉、 妄想和异常思维, 社会功能明显损害。 精神 分裂症是一种世界性的公共卫生问题, 其全球(包括中国) 的总患病率大 约在 0. 8 - 1 %。 精神分裂症的发病高峰年龄男性为 18 ~ 25岁, 女性则在 26 ~ 45岁之间。 但在儿童或青少年甚至晚年发病的患者也并不少见。 不同 的患者其症状的严重程度和临床表现形式各不相同。 总的来说, 可以归纳 为下列三组症状: 阳性症状(Pos i t ive symptoms) , 包括幻觉和妄想, 躁动, 偏执狂, 思维障碍和行为异常; 阴性症状(Negat ive Symptoms) , 包括情感 迟钝、 寡言少语、 兴趣缺乏, 快感缺失以及孤僻不合群; 识别记忆障碍 (Cogni t ive Def ic i t s) , 包括注意力不能集中, 记忆力严重衰退, 无能力 按计划行为。 一个患者可以存在以上一组或所有的症状, 这些症状常常比 较严重, 明显影响患者的工作、 人际交往, 甚至是个人生活料理。 精神分 裂症治疗的总目的是减轻症状, 避免复发, 恢复功能缺陷, 尽可能地增进 康复, 提高生活质量。
目前临床上治疗精神分裂症的药物主要可分为两类: 第一代抗精神分 裂症药物 (传统抗精神病药物)。 该类药物主要包括选择性多巴胺 D2受体 阻断剂, 典型的药物为 Ha loper idol和 Chlorpromaz ine等。 这类药物对精 神分裂症阳性症状具有一定的治疗作用, 但对其阴性症状以及记忆识别障 碍没有任何疗效。 而且该类药物可导致较严重的不良反应, 比如锥体外副 作用, 肌肉强直, 体重增加等。 第二代抗精神分裂症药物 (非典型抗精神 病药物)。 这类药物以五羟色胺 5-HT2受体阻断剂和多巴胺 D2受体阻断剂 为主,典型的药物如, 01anzepine、 Ri sper idone、 Ar ipiprazole、 Que t iapine 以及 Clozapine。第二代非典型抗精神分裂症药物对精神分裂症阳性症状的 治疗作用与第一代抗精神分裂症药物相近, 但具有明显较小的副作用, 如 锥体外副作用。
目前临床使用的抗精神分裂症药物, 尤其是第二代非典型抗精神分裂 症药物, 对精神分裂症阳性症状具有一定的治疗作用, 可以减轻或消除妄 想、 幻觉和思维障碍等症状。 在急性症状消除以后, 维持使用抗精神病药 物可以减少复发的可能。 但是, 几乎所有的临床药物对精神分裂症阴性症 状和记忆障碍均无显著治疗作用。 最近上市的阿立哌唑 (Ar ipi prazole) , 据临床研究结果显示, 该药对精神分裂症阴性症状或具有一定程度的治疗 作用, 但其治疗作用仍不显著, 有待临床研究进一步考察。 另外, 抗精 神分裂症药物可以引起明显的不良反应, 如可以导致镇静、 肌肉强直、 震 颤和体重增加。 同时, 这些抗精神病药物可以引起迟发性运动障碍 种不自主地以唇部和舌部皱缩或者臂部和腿部的扭转运动障碍为特征的表 现。 即使停药后, 迟发性运动障碍亦不会消失, 并且缺乏有效的治疗措施。
精神分裂症的近期预后 (一年内)取决于病人对治疗的依从性, 如果 不用药物维持治疗, 70 % ~ 80 %的精神分裂症会在 12个月内复发并可再次 发作, 维持用药可以使本病的复发率下降到 30 %左右。
精神分裂症的远期预后多种多样, 1 / 3的病人可以获得明显而持续的改 善, 另 1 / 3的病人病情部分改善, 并间断发作和遗留有残疾, 剩下 1/ 3患 者病情严重而有明显残疾。 预后良好的因素则包括发病急、 发病年龄较晚、 发病前有良好的社会技能, 以及偏执型或阳性精神分裂症患者。 预后不良 的因素则包括发病年龄早、 发病前社会或职业技能差, 有精神分裂症阳性 家族史以及青春型或阴性精神分裂症患者。
CN101616592A公开了一种用于提高谷氨酸能突触响应的苯并三嗪酮化 合物, 其可用于预防和治疗脑功能不全, 例如多种痴呆、 精神分裂症等疾 病。 CN101035760A公开了一种用于增强谷氨酸受体的化合物, 其可用于治 疗精神分裂症。 CN1535980A公开了对甘氨酸转运子具有抑制活性的新化合 物, 可用于治疗精神分裂症。 目前, 本领域仍然期待有新的治疗精神分裂病的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一类新颖的甘氨酸重摄取抑制剂并期待其可有 效的用于治疗精神分裂症。 本发明令人惊奇地发现式 I所示化合物具有有 效的甘氨酸重摄取抑制作用, 本发明基于此而得以完成。
在本发明第一方面, 提供了以下式 I化合物,
Figure imgf000005_0001
I
或其异构体、 药学可接受的盐或溶剂合物, 其中
R1 是一个或多个各自独立地选自下列的基团: 氢、 卤素、 C1-6 烷基、 C1-6烷氧基、 硝基、 氰基、 氨基、 羟基、 卤代 C1-6烷基和卤代 C1-6 烷氧基;
R2 选自: 氢、 C1-6烷基、 C1-6烷氧基、 卤代 C1-6烷基和卤代
C1-6烷氧基;
R3和 R4 各自独立地选自: 氢、 卤素、 C1-6烷基、 C1-6烷氧基、 硝基、 氰基、 氨基、 羟基、 卤代 C1-6烷基和卤代 C1-6烷氧基。 根据本发明第一方面的化合物,其中 R1选自: 卤素、羟基、 C1-6烷基、 C1-6烷氧基、 卤代 C1-6烷基和卤代 C1-6烷氧基。
根据本发明第一方面的化合物, 其中 R2选自: C1-6烷基和 C1-6烷氧 基。
根据本发明第一方面的化合物, 其中 R3和 R4各自独立地选自: 氢、 C1-6烷基、 C1-6烷氧基和羟基。
根据本发明第一方面的化合物, 其中所述的 C1-6烷基是 C1-4烷基。 根据本发明第一方面的化合物, 其中所述的面素(面代)选自氟、 氯、 溴、 碘, 优选氟和氯。
根据本发明第一方面的化合物, 其为选自下列的化合物:
Figure imgf000006_0001
本发明第二方面涉及制备本发明第一方面所述化合物的方法。
本发明第三方面涉及一种药物组合物, 其包含本发明第一方面任一项 所述的式 I化合物, 以及任选的一种或多种药学可接受的载体或赋形剂。 本发明第四方面涉及本发明第一方面任一项所述的式 I化合物在制备 甘氨酸重摄取抑制剂的药物中的用途。 本发明第四方面还涉及本发明第一 方面任一项所述的式 I化合物在制备用于治疗和 /或预防哺乳动物(包括人) 精神分裂症的药物中的用途。
本发明第五方面涉及一种在有需要的哺乳动物中治疗和 /或预防哺乳 动物(包括人) 精神分裂症的方法,该方法包括给有需要的哺乳动物施用治 疗有效量的本发明第一方面任一项所述的式 I化合物。
本发明第六方面涉及用于治疗和 /或预防哺乳动物(包括人) 精神分裂 症的药物组合物, 该药物组合物包含本发明第一方面任一项所述的式 I化 合物, 以及任选的一种或多种药学可接受的载体或赋形剂。
本发明第七方面还涉及用于治疗和 /或预防哺乳动物(包括人) 精神分 裂症的本发明第一方面任一项所述的式 I化合物。
本发明的任一方面的任一实施方案, 可以与其它实施方案进行组合, 只要它们不会出现矛盾。 此外, 在本发明任一方面的任一实施方案中, 任 一技术特征可以适用于其它实施方案中的该技术特征, 只要它们不会出现 矛盾。
下面对本发明作进一步的描述。
本发明所引述的所有文献, 它们的全部内容通过引用并入本文, 并且 如果这些文献所表达的含义与本发明不一致时, 以本发明的表述为准。 此 外, 本发明使用的各种术语和短语具有本领域技术人员公知的一般含义, 即便如此,本发明仍然希望在此对这些术语和短语作更详尽的说明和解释, 提及的术语和短语如有与公知含义不一致的,以本发明所表述的含义为准。
在本发明合成式 I化合物的方法中, 反应所用的各种原材料是本领域 技术人员根据已有知识可以制备得到的, 或者是可以通过文献公知的方法 制得的, 或者是可以通过商业购得的。 以上反应方案中所用的中间体、 原 材料、 试剂、 反应条件等均可以根据本领域技术人员已有知识可以作适当 改变的。 或者, 本领域技术人员也可以根据本发明第二方面方法合成本发 明未具体列举的其它式 I化合物。
本发明的式 I化合物可以与其它活性成分组合使用, 只要它不产生其 他不利作用, 例如过敏反应。
本发明式 I所示的活性化合物可作为唯一的抗肿瘤 /抗癌药物使用,或 者可以与一种或多种其他抗菌药物联合使用。 联合治疗通过将各个治疗组 分同时、 顺序或隔开给药来实现。
本文所用的术语"组合物 "意指包括包含指定量的各指定成分的产品, 以及直接或间接从指定量的各指定成分的组合产生的任何产品。 在本发明 中, 术语"组合物 "可以与"药物组合物"互换使用。
本发明的化合物可以以衍生自无机酸或有机酸的药学可接受的盐的形 式使用。 词语"药学可接受的盐"指在可靠的医学判断范围内, 适合用于与 人类和低等动物的组织接触而不出现过度的毒性、 刺激、 过敏反应等, 且 与合理的效果 /风险比相称的盐。 药学可接受的盐是本领域公知的。 例如, S. M. Berge, et a l. , J. Pharmaceut i ca l Sc iences, 1977, 66: 1中对 药学可接受的盐进行了详细描述。 所述盐可通过使本发明化合物的游离碱 官能度与合适的有机酸反应, 在本发明化合物的最终分离和纯化过程中原 位制备或者单独制备。 代表性的酸加成盐包括但不限于乙酸盐、 己二酸盐、 海藻酸盐、 柠檬酸盐、 天冬氨酸盐、 苯甲酸盐、 苯磺酸盐、 硫酸氢盐、 丁 酸盐、 樟脑酸盐、 樟脑磺酸盐、 二葡糖酸盐、 甘油磷酸盐、 半硫酸盐、 庚 酸盐、 己酸盐、 富马酸盐、 盐酸盐、 氢溴酸盐、 氢碘酸盐、 2-羟基乙磺酸 盐(异^ ¾代^ ¾酸盐, i sothionate)、 乳酸盐、 马来酸盐、 甲磺酸盐、 烟酸盐、 2-萘磺酸盐、 草酸盐、 棕榈酸盐、 果胶酸盐、 过硫酸盐、 3-苯基丙酸盐、 苦味酸盐、 新戊酸盐、 丙酸盐、 琥珀酸盐、 酒石酸盐、 硫氰酸盐、 磷酸盐、 谷氨酸盐、 碳酸氢盐、 对甲苯磺酸盐和十一烷酸盐。 同样, 碱性含氮基团 可用以下物质季铵化: 低级烷基卤化物如甲基、 乙基、 丙基和丁基的氯化 物、 溴化物和碘化物; 硫酸二烷基酯如硫酸二甲酯、 二乙酯、 二丁酯和二 戊酯; 长链面化物如癸基、 十二烷基、 十四烷基和十八烷基的氯化物、 溴 化物和碘化物; 芳基烷基面化物如苄基溴和苯乙基溴及其他。 因此得到可 溶于或分散于水或油的产品。 可用来形成药学可接受的酸加成盐的酸实例 包括无机酸如盐酸、 氢溴酸、 酸和碑酸, 以及有机酸如草酸、 马来酸、 琥珀酸和柠檬酸。
碱加成盐可通过使本发明化合物的含羧酸部分与合适的碱反应, 在本 发明化合物的最终分离和纯化过程中原位制备, 所述的碱例如药学可接受 的金属阳离子的氢氧化物、 碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐, 或者氨或有机伯胺、 仲胺 或叔胺。
药学可接受的盐包括但不限于基于碱金属或碱土金属的阳离子如锂、 钠、 钾、 钙、 镁和铝盐等, 以及无毒的季铵和胺阳离子, 包括铵、 四甲基 铵、 四乙基铵、 甲基铵、 二甲基铵、 三甲基铵、 三乙基铵、 二乙基铵和乙 基铵等。 可用于形成碱加成盐的其他代表性有机胺包括乙二胺、 乙醇胺、 二乙醇胺、 哌啶、 哌嗪等。
本发明式 I化合物还包括其异构体、 消旋体、 对映体、 非对映体、 对 映体富集物、 溶剂合物、 和酯, 本发明式 I化合物以及它的异构体、 消旋 体、 对映体、 非对映体、 对映体富集物、 溶剂合物、 和酯还可以形成溶剂 合物, 例如水合物、 醇合物等。 上述化合物还可以是前药或可在体内代谢 变化后释放出所述活性成分的形式。 选择和制备适当的前药衍生物是本领 域技术人员公知技术。 一般来说, 对于本发明的目的, 与药学可接受的溶 剂如水、 乙醇等的溶剂合物形式与非溶剂合物形式相当。
可改变本发明药物组合物中各活性成分的实际剂量水平, 以便所得的 活性化合物量能有效针对具体患者、 组合物和给药方式得到所需的治疗反 应。 剂量水平须根据具体化合物的活性、 给药途径、 所治疗病况的严重程 度以及待治疗患者的病况和既往病史来选定。 但是, 本领域的做法是, 化 合物的剂量从低于为得到所需治疗效果而要求的水平开始,逐渐增加剂量, 直到得到所需的效果。
当用于上述治疗和 /或预防或其他治疗和 /或预防时,治疗和 /或预防有 效量的一种本发明化合物可以以纯形式应用, 或者以药学可接受的酯或前 药形式(在存在这些形式的情况下)应用。 或者, 所述化合物可以以含有该 目的化合物与一种或多种药物可接受赋形剂的药物组合物给药。词语"治疗 和 /或预防有效量"的本发明化合物指以适用于任何医学治疗和 /或预防的 合理效果 /风险比治疗障碍的足够量的化合物。 但应认识到, 本发明化合物 和组合物的总日用量须由主诊医师在可靠的医学判断范围内作出决定。 对 于任何具体的患者, 具体的治疗有效剂量水平须根据多种因素而定, 所述 因素包括所治疗的障碍和该障碍的严重程度;所采用的具体化合物的活性; 所采用的具体组合物; 患者的年龄、 体重、 一般健康状况、 性别和饮食; 所采用的具体化合物的给药时间、 给药途径和排泄率; 治疗持续时间; 与 所采用的具体化合物组合使用或同时使用的药物; 及医疗领域公知的类似 因素。 例如, 本领域的做法是, 化合物的剂量从低于为得到所需治疗效果 而要求的水平开始, 逐渐增加剂量, 直到得到所需的效果。 一般说来, 本 发明式 I化合物用于哺乳动物特别是人的剂量可以介于 0. 001 ~ 1000 mg/kg 体重 /天, 例如介于 0. 01 - 100 mg/kg体重 /天, 例如介于 0. 01 ~ 10 mg/kg 体重 /天。
运用本领域技术人员熟悉的药物载体可以制备成含有效剂量的本发明 化合物的药物组合物。 因此本发明还提供包含与一种或多种无毒药物可接 受载体配制在一起的本发明化合物的药物组合物。 所述药物组合物可特别 专门配制成以固体或液体形式供口服给药、 供胃肠外注射或供直肠给药。
所述的药物组合物可配制成许多剂型, 便于给药, 例如, 口服制剂(如 片剂、 胶嚢剂、 溶液或混悬液); 可注射的制剂(如可注射的溶液或混悬液, 或者是可注射的干燥粉末, 在注射前加入注射水可立即使用)。 所述的药物 组合物中载体包括: 口服制剂使用的粘合剂(如淀粉, 通常是玉米、 小麦或 米淀粉、 明胶、 甲基纤维素、 羧甲基纤维素钠和 /或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮), 稀 释剂(如乳糖、 右旋糖、 蔗糖、 甘露醇、 山梨醇、 纤维素, 和 /或甘油), 润 滑剂(如二氧化硅、 滑石、 硬脂酸或其盐, 通常是硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙, 和 /或聚乙二醇), 以及如果需要, 还含有崩解剂, 如淀粉、 琼脂、 海藻酸或 其盐, 通常是藻酸钠, 和 /或泡腾混合物, 助溶剂、 稳定剂、 悬浮剂、 无色 素、 矫味剂等, 可注射的制剂使用的防腐剂、 加溶剂、 稳定剂等; 局部制 剂用的基质、 稀释剂、 润滑剂、 防腐剂等。 药物制剂可以经口服或胃肠外 方式(例如静脉内、 皮下、 腹膜内或局部)给药, 如果某些药物在胃部条件 下是不稳定的, 可以将其配制成肠衣片剂。
更具体地说, 本发明的药物组合物可通过口服、 直肠、 胃肠外、 肠内、 阴道内、 腹膜内、 局部(如通过散剂、 软膏剂或滴剂)、 口颊给予人类和其 他哺乳动物, 或者作为口腔喷雾剂或鼻腔喷雾剂给予。 本文所用术语 "胃肠 夕卜"指包括静脉内、 肌肉内、 腹膜内、 胸骨内、 皮下和关节内注射和输液的 给药方式。
适合于胃肠外注射的组合物可包括生理上可接受的无菌含水或非水溶 液剂、 分散剂、 混悬剂或乳剂, 及供重构成无菌可注射溶液剂或分散剂的 无菌散剂。 合适的含水或非水载体、 稀释剂、 溶剂或媒介物的实例包括水、 乙醇、 多元醇(丙二醇、 聚乙二醇、 甘油等)、 植物油(如橄榄油)、 可注射 有机酯如油酸乙酯及它们的合适混合物。
这些组合物也可含有辅料, 如防腐剂、 湿润剂、 乳化剂和分散剂。 通 过各种抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂, 例如尼泊金酯类、 三氯叔丁醇、 苯酚、 山梨 酸等, 可确保防止微生物的作用。 还期望包括等渗剂, 例如糖类、 氯化钠 等。 通过使用能延迟吸收的物质, 例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶, 可达到可注射 药物形式的延长吸收。
混悬剂中除活性化合物外还可含有悬浮剂, 例如乙氧基化异十八醇、 聚氧乙烯山梨醇和聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇酯、 微晶纤维素、 偏氢氧化铝、 膨润土、 琼脂和黄蓍胶或者这些物质的混合物等。
在一些情况下, 为延长药物的作用, 期望减慢皮下或肌内注射药物的 吸收。 这可通过使用水溶性差的晶体或无定形物质的液体混悬剂来实现。 这样, 药物的吸收速度取决于其溶解速度, 而溶解速度又可取决于晶体大 小和晶型。 或者, 胃肠外给药的药物形式的延迟吸收通过将该药物溶解于 或悬浮于油媒介物中来实现。
可注射贮库制剂形式可通过在生物可降解聚合物如聚丙交酯-聚乙交 酉 (Polylact ide_Polyg lycol ide)中形成药物的微胶嚢基质来制备。可根据 药物与聚合物之比和所采用的具体聚合物的性质, 对药物释放速度加以控 制。其他生物可降解聚合物的实例包括聚原酸酯类(poly (or thoes ters) )和 聚酐类(poly (anhydr ides) )。 可注射贮库制剂也可通过将药物包埋于能与 身体组织相容的脂质体或微乳中来制备。
可注射制剂可例如通过用滤菌器过滤或通过掺入无菌固体组合物形式 的灭菌剂来灭菌, 所述固体组合物可在临用前溶解或分散于无菌水或其他 无菌可注射介质。
本发明化合物或其组合物可用口服方法或非胃肠道给药方式。 口服给 药可以是片剂、 胶嚢剂、 包衣剂, 肠道外用药制剂有注射剂和栓剂等。 这 些制剂是按照本领域的技术人员所熟悉的方法制备的。 为了制造片剂、 胶 嚢剂、 包衣剂所用的辅料是常规用的辅料, 例如淀粉、 明胶、 阿拉伯胶, 硅石, 聚乙二醇, 液体剂型所用的溶剂如水、 乙醇、 丙二醇、 植物油(如玉 米油、 花生油、 橄榄油等)。 含有本发明化合物的制剂中还有其它辅料, 例 如表面活性剂, 润滑剂, 崩解剂, 防腐剂, 矫味剂和色素等。 在片剂、 胶 嚢剂、 包衣剂、 注射剂和栓剂中含有本发明式 I化合物的剂量是以单元剂 型中存在的化合物量计算的。 在单元剂型中本发明式 I化合物一般含量为 0. 01-5000mg , 优选的单元剂型含有 0. l-500mg , 更优选的单元剂型含有 l-300mg。具体地说,本发明可以提供的供口服给药的固体剂型包括胶嚢剂、 片剂、 丸剂、 散剂和颗粒剂。 在此类固体剂型中, 活性化合物可与至少一 种惰性的药物可接受赋形剂或载体如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙和 /或以下物质 混合: a)填充剂或增量剂如淀粉、 乳糖、 蔗糖、 葡萄糖、 甘露糖醇和硅酸; b)粘合剂如羧甲基纤维素、 海藻酸盐、 明胶、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、 蔗糖和阿 拉伯树胶; c)保湿剂如甘油; d)崩解剂如琼脂、 碳酸钙、 马铃薯或木薯淀 粉、 海藻酸、 某些硅酸盐和碳酸钠; e)溶液阻滞剂如石蜡; f)吸收加速剂 如季铵化合物; g)湿润剂如鲸蜡醇和甘油单硬脂酸酯; h)吸附剂如高岭土 和膨润土以及 i)润滑剂如滑石粉、 硬脂酸 4弓、 硬脂酸镁、 固体聚乙二醇、 十二烷基硫酸钠和它们的混合物。 在胶嚢剂、 片剂和丸剂的情况下, 所述 剂型中也可包含緩冲剂。
相似类型的固体组合物使用赋形剂例如乳糖及高分子量聚乙二醇等, 也可用作软胶嚢和硬胶嚢中的填充物。
片剂、 糖衣丸剂(dragees)、 胶嚢剂、 丸剂和颗粒剂的固体剂型可与包 衣和壳料如肠溶衣材和医药制剂领域公知的其他衣材一起制备。 这些固体 剂型可任选含有遮光剂, 且其组成还可使其只是或优先地在肠道的某个部 位任选以延迟方式释放活性成分。 可以使用的包埋组合物的实例包括高分 子物质和蜡类。 如果适合, 活性化合物也可与一种或多种上述赋形剂配成 微嚢形式。
供口服给药的液体剂型包括药学可接受的乳剂、 溶液剂、 混悬剂、 糖 释剂, 例如水或其他溶剂, 增溶剂和乳化剂例如乙醇、 异丙醇、 碳酸乙酯、 乙酸乙酯、 苄醇、 苯甲酸苄酯、 丙二醇、 1,3-丁二醇、 二甲基甲酰胺、 油 类(特别是棉籽油、 花生油、 玉米油、 胚芽油、 橄榄油、 蓖麻油和芝麻油)、 甘油、 四氢糠醇(tet rahydrofurfuryl a lcohol) , 聚乙二醇和脱水山梨糖 醇的脂肪酸酯及它们的混合物。 口服组合物除包含惰性稀释剂外还可包含 辅料, 例如湿润剂、 乳化剂和悬浮剂、 甜味剂、 矫味剂和香味剂。
供直肠或阴道给药的组合物优选是栓剂。 栓剂可通过将本发明化合物 与合适的非刺激性赋形剂或载体例如可可脂、 聚乙二醇或栓剂蜡混合来制 备, 它们在室温下为固体, 但在体温下则为液体, 因此可在直肠腔或阴道 腔内熔化而释放出活性化合物。
本发明的化合物及其组合物还考虑用于局部给药。 供局部给予本发明 化合物的剂量形式包括散剂、 喷雾剂、 软膏剂和吸入剂。 在无菌条件下将 活性化合物与药学可接受的载体和任何所需的防腐剂、 緩冲剂或推进剂混 合。 眼用制剂、 目艮软膏剂、 散剂和溶液剂也被考虑在本发明范围内。 本发明化合物也可以脂质体形式给药。 如本领域所公知, 脂质体通常 用磷脂或其他脂类物质制得。 脂质体由分散于含水介质中的单层或多层水 化液晶所形成。 任何能够形成脂质体的无毒、 生理上可接受和可代谢的脂 质均可使用。 脂质体形式的本发明组合物除含有本发明化合物外, 还可含 有稳定剂、 防腐剂、 赋形剂等。 优选的脂类是天然和合成的磷脂和磷脂酰 胆碱(卵磷脂), 它们可单独或者一起使用。 形成脂质体的方法是本领域公 知的。 参见例如 Prescot t, Ed. , Methods in Ce l l Biology, Volume XIV, Academic Pres s, New York, N. Y. (1976) , p. 33。
本发明的一些示例性化合物的结构及其甘氨酸重摄取抑制作用的活性 列于下面, 其中的抗甘氨酸重摄取活性测定方法见下文试验。 这些结果表 明本发明化合物是有效的甘氨酸重摄取抑制剂并可用于治疗精神分裂症。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的制备实施例和生物学试验例进一步说明本发明,但是, 应当理解为, 这些实施例和试验例仅仅是用于更详细具体地说明之用, 而 不应理解为用于以任何形式限制本发明。
本发明对试验中所使用到的材料以及试验方法进行一般性和 /或具体 的描述。 虽然为实现本发明目的所使用的许多材料和操作方法是本领域公 知的, 但是本发明仍然在此作尽可能详细描述。 本领域技术人员清楚, 在 下文中, 如果未特别说明, 本发明所用材料和操作方法是本领域公知的。 实施例 1 : 制备下式化合物 (Co. 1)
Figure imgf000013_0001
合成路线如下:
Figure imgf000014_0001
Figure imgf000014_0002
操作: 将 10g化合物 2(N-Boc-L-缬氨酸, 莱阳市宇辰化工技术研发所) 溶于二氯甲烷中, 加入 1-乙基 -(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺 (重庆沃肯精 细化工有限公司)和 N, N-二异丙基乙胺 (上海陵尔化工有限公司), 反应 30min,加入 1.2ep哌啶,反应结束, 过滤, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于 20mL乙酸乙 酯,用稀 HC1洗, 然后用饱和 NaHC03水溶液洗, 然后用饱和食盐水洗, 干 燥, 过滤, 脱溶得到淡黄色油状物 (化合物 3)。
Figure imgf000014_0003
将 13g化合物 3溶解在二氯甲烷中, 冷却至 -5 °C。 緩慢加入三氟乙酸, 放置至室温, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣与水相合并, 加入 10mL水, 用乙酸乙酯洗, 再用饱和 Na2C03溶液调 pH为 10左右, 用 DCM萃取, 干燥, 过滤, 脱溶 剂得浅黄色油状物 (化合物 4 )。
Figure imgf000015_0001
将 30ml THF加入到 LiAlH4中, 有大量气泡产生, 冷却至 - 10 °C , 緩慢 滴加 5.6g化合物 4, 维持温度在 0°C之下, 反应结束后, 在 0°C下向反应体 系中依次加入水淬灭。 过滤, 滤饼用 THF洗,母液蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于乙酸 乙酯
Figure imgf000015_0002
将 l.Og化合物 6( 2-氯 -6-甲基 -4-吡啶甲酸,杭州邦化进出口有限公司), 2.21g化合物 7 ( 2- (三氟甲基)苯硼酸, 上海一基实业有限公司), K2C03, Pd(PPh3)Cl2加入到反应瓶中,用 N2保护, 依次加入 ¾0 , DMF , 加热至 90 °C , TLC跟踪, 当反应结束后, 过滤, 滤饼用水洗, 滤液加水, 再用乙 酸乙酯洗水相, 水相盐酸调成酸性, 析出黄色固体, 过滤, 得到黄色固体, 乙醇重结晶得淡黄色固体(化合物 8 )。
Figure imgf000015_0003
将 2.2g化合物 8溶于 30mLTHF中, 加入 SOC12, 2滴 DMF催化, 加 热回流 1小时,降至 5度,加入化合物 5和三乙胺,升至室温反应 30min,TLC 跟踪检测至反应结束, 过滤, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于 30mL乙酸乙酯,, 用饱 和 Na2C03水溶液洗, 水洗。 分出乙酸乙酯, 浓缩析出固体, 过滤得到白色 固体, 干燥得到目标化合物 1 (即 Co. l )。
化合物 (Co. l )核磁 H谱:
1H-NMR(CDC13): 57.783 ~7.260(m, 6H, Ar-H), 54.086(s, 1H, N-H), 52.268(s, 3H, Ar- CH3), 52.489-2.343(t, 6H, N-(CH2)3), 52.165-2.117(d, 1H, N-CH), A1.522-1.421(d, 6H, (CH2)3), 50.965-0.948(d, 6H, (CH3)2),
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0002
操作: 将 lOg N-Boc-D-异亮氨酸, 成都艾.科达化学试剂有限公司)溶于二氯 甲烷中, 加入氯甲酸甲酯 (湖南德嘉生化科技有限公司)和 N-甲基吗啉 (南京 东方明珠化工有限公司), 反应 60min,加入 1.2ep哌啶,反应结束, 过滤, 蒸 出溶剂, 残渣溶于 20mL乙酸乙酯,用稀 HC1洗, 然后用饱和 NaHC03水溶 液洗, 然后用饱和食盐水洗, 干燥, 过滤, 脱溶得到淡黄色油状物 (化合物 3)。
将 13g化合物 3溶解在二氯甲烷中, 冷却至 -5 °C。 緩慢加入三氟乙酸, 放置至室温, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣与水相合并, 加入 10mL水, 用乙酸乙酯洗, 再用饱和 Na2C03溶液调 pH为 10左右, 用 DCM萃取, 干燥, 过滤, 脱溶 剂得浅黄色油状物 (化合物 4 )。 将 30ml THF加入到 LiAlH4中, 有大量气泡产生, 冷却至 - 10 °C , 緩慢 滴加 5.6g化合物 4, 维持温度在 0°C之下, 反应结束后, 在 0°C下向反应体 系中依次加入水淬灭。 过滤, 滤饼用 THF洗,母液蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于乙酸 乙酯, 无水硫酸镁干燥, 过滤, 脱溶得到油状产品 (化合物 5 )。
将 l.Og 2-氯 -6-甲基 -4-吡啶甲酸(杭州邦化进出口有限公司), 2.5g 2- (三氟甲基) -4-甲基-苯硼酸, 以及 K2C03, Pd(PPh3)Cl2加入到反应瓶中,用 N2保护, 依次加入 H20 , DMF , 加热至 90°C , TLC跟踪, 当反应结束后, 过滤, 滤饼用水洗, 滤液加水, 再用乙酸乙酯洗水相, 水相盐酸调成酸性, 析出黄色固体,过滤,得到黄色固体,乙醇重结晶得淡黄色固体(化合物 8 )。
将 2.2g化合物 8溶于 30mLTHF中, 加入 SOC12, 2滴 DMF催化, 加 热回流 1小时,降至 5度,加入化合物 5和三乙胺,升至室温反应 30min,TLC 跟踪检测至反应结束, 过滤, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于 30mL乙酸乙酯,, 用饱 和 Na2C03水溶液洗, 水洗。 分出乙酸乙酯, 浓缩析出固体, 过滤得到白色 固体, 干燥得到目标化合物 Co.2。
化合物 ( Co.2 )核磁 H谱
1H-NMR(CDC13): 58.0(s, 1H), 57.01 ~7.96(m, 6H), 53.81(d, lH), 52.35(s, 3H), 52.24-2.58(t, 6H), 51.522-1.421(d, 6H), 50.965-0.948(d, 6H), 51.29(s, 2H), 50.96-1.06(m, 6H)
Figure imgf000017_0001
合成路线如下:
Figure imgf000018_0001
操作: 将 10g化合物 2(N-Boc-L-缬氨酸, 莱阳市宇辰化工技术研发所)溶于 二氯甲烷中, 加入 1-乙基 -(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺 (重庆沃肯精细化 工有限公司)和 N, N-二异丙基乙胺 (上海陵尔化工有限公司), 反应 30min, 加入 1.2ep哌啶,反应结束, 过滤, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于 20mL乙酸乙酯,用 稀 HC1洗, 然后用饱和 NaHC03水溶液洗, 然后用饱和食盐水洗, 干燥, 过滤, 脱溶得到淡黄色油状物 (化合物 3)。
将 13g化合物 3溶解在二氯甲烷中, 冷却至 -5 °C。 緩慢加入三氟乙酸, 放置至室温, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣与水相合并, 加入 10mL水, 用乙酸乙酯洗, 再用饱和 Na2C03溶液调 pH为 10左右, 用 DCM萃取, 干燥, 过滤, 脱溶 剂得浅黄色油状物 (化合物 4 )。
将 30ml THF加入到 LiAlH4中, 有大量气泡产生, 冷却至 - 10 °C , 緩慢 滴加 5.6g化合物 4, 维持温度在 0°C之下, 反应结束后, 在 0°C下向反应体 系中依次加入水淬灭。 过滤, 滤饼用 THF洗,母液蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于乙酸 乙酯, 无水硫酸镁干燥, 过滤, 脱溶得到油状产品 (化合物 5 )。
将 l.Og化合物 6( 2-氯 -6-甲基 -4-吡啶甲酸,杭州邦化进出口有限公司), 2.4g 4-羟基 -2-甲基-苯硼酸, 以及 K2C03, Pd(PPh3)Cl2加入到反应瓶中,用 N2保护, 依次加入 ¾0 , DMF , 加热至 90°C , TLC跟踪, 当反应结束后, 过滤, 滤饼用水洗, 滤液加水, 再用乙酸乙酯洗水相, 水相盐酸调成酸性, 析出黄色固体,过滤,得到黄色固体,乙醇重结晶得淡黄色固体(化合物 8 )。
将 2.2g化合物 8溶于 30mLTHF中, 加入 SOC12, 2滴 DMF催化, 加 热回流 1小时,降至 5度,加入化合物 5和三乙胺,升至室温反应 30min,TLC 跟踪检测至反应结束, 过滤, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于 30mL乙酸乙酯,, 用饱 和 Na2C03水溶液洗, 水洗。 分出乙酸乙酯, 浓缩析出固体, 过滤得到白色 固体, 干燥得到目标化合物 Co.3。
化合物 Co.3 )核磁 H谱
1H-NMR(C 57.98.0(s, 1H), 56.62 ~7.96(m, 6H) , 55.0(d, 1H), 53.81(d, 1H), 52.35-2.55(m, 6H), 52.24-2.58(t, 6H), 51.432-1.571(d, 6H), 50.96-1.01(m, 6H)
实施例 4: 制备下式化合物 (Co.4)
Figure imgf000019_0001
其合成路线如下:
Figure imgf000019_0002
5
操作:将 lOg N-Boc-D-苏氨酸,南通启海化学品有限公司)溶于二氯甲烷中 加入氯甲酸甲酯 (湖南德嘉生化科技有限公司)和 N-甲基吗啉(南京东方明 化工有限公司), 反应 60min,加入 1.2ep哌啶,反应结束, 过滤, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于 20mL乙酸乙酯,用稀 HC1洗, 然后用饱和 NaHC03水溶液洗, 然 后用饱和食盐水洗, 干燥, 过滤, 脱溶得到淡黄色油状物 (化合物 3)。
将 13g化合物 3溶解在二氯甲烷中, 冷却至 -5 °C。 緩慢加入三氟乙酸, 放置至室温, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣与水相合并, 加入 10mL水, 用乙酸乙酯洗, 再用饱和 Na2C03溶液调 pH为 10左右, 用 DCM萃取, 干燥, 过滤, 脱溶 剂得浅黄色油状物 (化合物 4 )。
将 30ml THF加入到 LiAlH4中, 有大量气泡产生, 冷却至 - 10 °C , 緩慢 滴加 5.6g化合物 4, 维持温度在 0°C之下, 反应结束后, 在 0°C下向反应体 系中依次加入水淬灭。 过滤, 滤饼用 THF洗,母液蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于乙酸 乙酯, 无水硫酸镁干燥, 过滤, 脱溶得到油状产品 (化合物 5 )。
将 l.Og 2-氯 -6-甲基 -4-吡啶甲酸(杭州邦化进出口有限公司), 2.1g 2- 三氟甲基苯硼酸, 以及 K2C03, Pd(PPh3)Cl2加入到反应瓶中,用 N2保护, 依次加入 ¾0 , DMF , 加热至 90°C , TLC跟踪, 当反应结束后, 过滤, 滤饼用水洗, 滤液加水, 再用乙酸乙酯洗水相, 水相盐酸调成酸性, 析出 黄色固体, 过滤, 得到黄色固体, 乙醇重结晶得淡黄色固体(化合物 8 )。
将 2.2g化合物 8溶于 30mLTHF中, 加入 SOC12, 2滴 DMF催化, 加 热回流 1小时,降至 5度,加入化合物 5和三乙胺,升至室温反应 30min,TLC 跟踪检测至反应结束, 过滤, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于 30mL乙酸乙酯,, 用饱 和 Na2C03水溶液洗, 水洗。 分出乙酸乙酯, 浓缩析出固体, 过滤得到白色 固体, 干燥得到目标化合物 Co.4。
化合物 ( Co.4 )核磁 H谱
1H-NMR(CDC13): 57.94.0(s, 1H), 57.12 ~7.99(m, 6H) , 53.90(d, 1H), 52.34-2.65(m, 6H), 52.24(s, 1H), 52.15-2.21(t, 6H), 51.432-1.571(d, 6H), 51.21-1.23(d, 3H) 实施例 5: 制备下式化合物 (Co.5)
Figure imgf000021_0001
合成路线如下:
Figure imgf000021_0002
操作: 将 lOg化合物 2(L-N-Boc-2-氨基 -3-三氟甲基正丁酸, 莱阳市宇 辰化工技术研发所)溶于二氯甲烷中, 加入 1-乙基 -(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰 二亚胺 (重庆沃肯精细化工有限公司)和 N, N-二异丙基乙胺 (上海陵尔化工 有限公司), 反应 30min,加入 1.2ep哌啶,反应结束, 过滤, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣 溶于 20mL乙酸乙酯,用稀 HC1洗, 然后用饱和 NaHC03水溶液洗, 然后用 饱和食盐水洗, 干燥, 过滤, 脱溶得到淡黄色油状物 (化合物 3)。
将 13g化合物 3溶解在二氯甲烷中, 冷却至 -5 °C。 緩慢加入三氟乙酸, 放置至室温, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣与水相合并, 加入 10mL水, 用乙酸乙酯洗, 再用饱和 Na2C03溶液调 pH为 10左右, 用 DCM萃取, 干燥, 过滤, 脱溶 剂得浅黄色油状物 (化合物 4 )。
将 30ml THF加入到 LiAlH4中, 有大量气泡产生, 冷却至 - 10 °C , 緩慢 滴加 5.6g化合物 4, 维持温度在 0°C之下, 反应结束后, 在 0°C下向反应体 系中依次加入水淬灭。 过滤, 滤饼用 THF洗,母液蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于乙酸 乙酯, 无水硫酸镁干燥, 过滤, 脱溶得到油状产品 (化合物 5 )。
将 l.Og化合物 6( 2-氯 -6-甲基 -4-吡啶甲酸,杭州邦化进出口有限公司), 2.4g 5-甲氧基 -2-三氟甲基-苯硼酸, 以及 K2C03, Pd(PPh3)Cl2加入到反应瓶 中,用 N2保护, 依次加入 H20 , DMF , 加热至 90°C , TLC跟踪, 当反应结 束后, 过滤, 滤饼用水洗, 滤液加水, 再用乙酸乙酯洗水相, 水相盐酸调 成酸性, 析出黄色固体, 过滤, 得到黄色固体, 乙醇重结晶得淡黄色固体 (化合物 8 )。
将 2.2g化合物 8溶于 30mLTHF中, 加入 SOC12, 2滴 DMF催化, 加 热回流 1小时,降至 5度,加入化合物 5和三乙胺,升至室温反应 30min,TLC 跟踪检测至反应结束, 过滤, 蒸出溶剂, 残渣溶于 30mL乙酸乙酯,, 用饱 和 Na2C03水溶液洗, 水洗。 分出乙酸乙酯, 浓缩析出固体, 过滤得到白色 固体, 干燥得到目标化合物 Co.5。
化合物 ( Co.5 )核磁 H谱
1H-NMR(CDC13): 58.14(s, 1H), 56.65~7.99(m, 4H) , 53.84(d, 1H),
53.73(s, 3H), 52.56(s, 3H), 52.23-2.59(t, 6H), 51.31-1.41(d, 6H), 51.01-1.09(m, 6H) 通过生物学试验对所合成化合物的药物效果进行初步评价:
试全例 1 : 受试化合物对大鼠自发活动 (LMA)的影响
实验所用动物为成年 Wistar雄性大鼠,体重 180 ~ 250 g, 6只 /笼饲养, 12/12小时光 /暗周期调节, 温度 23±1 °C恒温, 湿度 50 ~ 60 %, 自由进食进 水。 动物从实验动物中心购进后, 进行适应性饲养一周后, 将所有动物随 机分成两组:
第一组: 阴性对照组,腹腔注射 1% DMSO 生理盐水( 10.0 ml/kg, i.p. ); 第二组: 实验药物组, 大鼠分别腹腔注射不同剂量的受试化合物 Co. l : 5.0, 10和 30 mg/kg, i.p., 药物配置于 1% DMSO 生理盐水中。
实验采用上海吉量动物行为视频分析系统, 实验环境保持绝对安静, 抓拿动物及给药时, 动作轻柔, 尽量减少外部刺激给动物带来的精神状况 和情绪的不良反应。 大鼠在给药 60分钟后, 将大鼠置于自发活动箱内, 自 发活动箱置于绝对安静的环境之中。 自发活动箱与记录仪器相连接, 记录 大鼠 30-60分钟活动情况。 测定药物或对照品对大鼠自发活动的影响。
结果: 所有测试剂量化合物对大鼠自发活动均无显著影响 (P > 0.05, Dunnett' t test ), 表明化合物无过度镇静作用 试验例 2: 受试化合物对 PCP诱导大鼠高活动行为的影响
实验所用动物为成年 Wistar雄性大鼠,体重 180 ~ 250 g, 6只 /笼饲养, 12/12小时光 /暗周期调节, 温度 23±1 °C恒温, 湿度 50 ~ 60 %, 自由进食进 水。 动物从实验动物中心购进后, 进行适应性饲养一周后, 将所有动物随 机分成三组:
第一组: 阴性对照组,腹腔注射 1% DMSO 生理盐水( 10.0 ml/kg, i.p. ); 第二组: 实验药物组, 大鼠分别腹腔注射不同剂量的受试化合物 Co. l : 5 , 10和 30 mg/kg, i.p., 药物配置于 1% DMSO 生理盐水中;
第三组: 阳性药物对照组, 大鼠腹腔注射 Olanzepine ( 10 mg/kg, i.p. , 药物配置于 1% DMSO 生理盐水) 。
实验采用上海吉量动物行为视频分析系统, 实验环境保持绝对安静, 抓拿动物及给药时, 动作轻柔, 尽量减少外部刺激给动物带来的精神状况 和情绪的不良反应。 大鼠从动物房转移至一安静的实验室内并让其适应至 少两小时。皮下注射 PCP(5.0 mg/kg, s.c.), 或 1%DMS0生理盐水作为对照。 30分钟以后, 动物腹腔注射受试化合物, 或 l%DMSO生理盐水作为对照, 将大鼠置于自发活动箱内, 自发活动箱置于绝对安静的环境之中。 自发活 动箱与记录仪器相连接, 记录小鼠 30-60分钟活动情况。 测定药物或对照 品对小鼠自发活动的影响。
实验结果: 大鼠腹腔注射 PCP 显著增加了动物自发活动 (P < 0.01 , Dunnett' t test, 与阴性对照组比较 ), 受试化合物 Co.1 ( 5 , 10和 30 mg/kg. i.p.)显著抑制了由 PCP诱导的大鼠高自发活动 ( P < 0.01 , Dunnett' t test, 与 PCP处理组比较 )。 阳性药物组 Olanzepine显著抑制了 PCP诱导的大鼠 高自发活动( P < 0.01 , Dunnett' t test,与 PCP组比较)。与阳性药物 Olanzepine 相比较, 受试新化合物对 PCP诱导的大鼠高自发活动的抑制作用更强 (P < 0.05 , Dunnett' t test, 与 Olanzepine/PCP组比较)。
结论: 实验结果表明, 受试化合物具有较强的 PCP诱导的大鼠高自法 活动抑制作用, 显示, 该化合物具有较佳抗精神分裂症阳性症状效果。 试马全例 3: 化合物对 Amphetamine诱导大鼠高活动行为的影响
实验所用动物为成年 Wistar雄性大鼠,体重 180 ~ 250 g, 6只 /笼饲养, 12/12小时光 /暗周期调节, 温度 23±1 °C恒温, 湿度 50 ~ 60 %, 自由进食进 水。 动物从实验动物中心购进后, 进行适应性饲养一周后, 将所有动物随 机分成三组:
第一组: 阴性对照组,腹腔注射 1% DMSO 生理盐水( 10.0 ml/kg, i.p. ); 第二组: 实验药物组, 大鼠分别腹腔注射不同剂量的受试化合物 Co. l : 5 , 10和 30 mg/kg, i.p., 药物配置于 1% DMSO 生理盐水中;
第三组: 阳性药物对照组, 大鼠腹腔注射 Olanzepine ( 10 mg/kg, i.p. , 药物配置于 1% DMSO 生理盐水) 。
实验采用上海吉量动物行为视频分析系统, 实验环境保持绝对安静, 抓拿动物及给药时, 动作轻柔, 尽量减少外部刺激给动物带来的精神状况 和情绪的不良反应。 大鼠从动物房转移至一安静的实验室内并使其适应至 少两小时。 皮下注射 Amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.),或生理盐水作为对照。 30分钟以后, 动物口服化合物, 或生理盐水作为对照, 将大鼠置于自发活 动箱内, 自发活动箱置于绝对安静的环境之中。 自发活动箱与记录仪器相 连接, 记录小鼠 30-60分钟活动情况。 测定药物或对照品对大鼠自发活动 的影响。
实验结果: 大鼠腹腔注射 Amphetamine显著增加了动物自发活动 (P < 0.01 , Dunnett' t test, 与阴性对照组比较), 受试化合物 Co. l ( 5 , 10和 30 mg/kg. i.p.)显著抑制了由 Amphetamine诱导的大鼠高自发活动( P < 0.01 , Dunnett' t test, 与 Amphetamine处理组比较)。 阳性药物组 Olanzepine显著 抑制了 Amphetamine诱导的大鼠高自发活动 ( P < 0.01 , Dunnett' t test, 与 Amphetamine对照组比较)。 与阳性药物 Olanzepine相比较, 受试化合物 Co. l 对 Amphetamine诱导的大鼠高自发活动的抑制作用更强 (P < 0.05 , Dunnett' t test, 与 Olanzepine/Amphetamine组 t匕较)。 试验例 4:采用本领域通行的方法对本发明化合物抗甘氨酸重摄取活性 进行测定, 实验重复三次, 取平均值。 本发明化合物 Co. 2的部分测定结果如下:
_一 s①①① u >
Figure imgf000025_0002
候选药物对大鼠额叶皮层 Glyc ine释放的影响
Figure imgf000025_0001
0 40 80 1 20 160 200 240 280
Time (min) 候选药物对大鼠额叶皮层 ΝΑ释放的影响
Figure imgf000026_0001
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Time (min) 其它本发明的示例化合物与上述 Co. 2的结果接近(各结果相差不超过

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 式 I化合物
Figure imgf000027_0001
I
或其异构体、 药学可接受的盐或溶剂合物, 其中
R1是一个或多个选自下列的基团: 氢、 卤素、 C1-6烷基、 C1-6烷氧基、 硝基、 氰基、 氨基、 羟基、 卤代 C1-6烷基和卤代 C1-6烷氧基;
R2选自: 氢、 C1-6烷基、 C1-6烷氧基、 [¾代 C1-6烷基和 [¾代 C1-6 烷氧基;
R3和 R4 各自独立地选自: 氢、 卤素、 C1-6烷基、 C1-6烷氧基、硝基、 氰基、 氨基、 羟基、 卤代 C1-6烷基和卤代 C1-6烷氧基。
2、 根据权利要求 1的化合物, 其中 R1是一个或两个选自下列的基团: 卤素、羟基、 C1-6烷基、 C1-6烷氧基、 卤代 C1-6烷基和卤代 C1-6烷氧基。
3、根据权利要求 1的化合物,其中 R2选自: C1-6烷基和 C1-6烷氧基。 4、 根据权利要求 1 - 3任何一项所述的化合物, 其中 R3和 R4各自独 立地选自: 氢、 C1-6烷基、 C1-6烷氧基和羟基。
5、 根据权利要求 1 - 3任何一项所述的化合物, 其中所述的卤素选自 氟、 氯、 溴、 碘, 优选氟和氯, 并且所述! ¾代所述的 1¾素选自氟、 氯、 溴、 碘, 优选氟和氯。
6、 根据权利要求 1 - 3任何一项所述的化合物, 其中所述的 C1-6烷基 是 CH烷基。
7、 根据权利要求 1的化合物, 其为选自下列的化合物:
Figure imgf000028_0001
以及任选的一种或多种药学可接受的载体或赋形剂。
9、权利要求 1-7任一项所述的式 I化合物在制备甘氨酸重摄取抑制剂 中的用途。
10、权利要求 1-7任一项所述的式 I化合物在制备用于治疗和 /或预防 哺乳动物(包括人)精神分裂症的药物中的用途。
11、 在有需要的哺乳动物中治疗和 /或预防哺乳动物(包括人) 精神分 裂症的方法, 该方法包括给有需要的哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的权利要求 1-6任一项所述的式 I化合物。
PCT/CN2012/084943 2011-11-22 2012-11-21 甘氨酸重摄取抑制剂及其应用 WO2013075624A1 (zh)

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