WO2013071695A1 - 一种动力转换装置 - Google Patents

一种动力转换装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013071695A1
WO2013071695A1 PCT/CN2012/001514 CN2012001514W WO2013071695A1 WO 2013071695 A1 WO2013071695 A1 WO 2013071695A1 CN 2012001514 W CN2012001514 W CN 2012001514W WO 2013071695 A1 WO2013071695 A1 WO 2013071695A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
power conversion
working
casing
crank
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Application number
PCT/CN2012/001514
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许平
Original Assignee
Xu Ping
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Publication date
Application filed by Xu Ping filed Critical Xu Ping
Publication of WO2013071695A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013071695A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/12—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action
    • F04B43/123—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action using an excenter as the squeezing element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/08—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having tubular flexible members
    • F04B43/082—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having tubular flexible members the tubular flexible member being pressed against a wall by a number of elements, each having an alternating movement in a direction perpendicular to the axes of the tubular member and each having its own driving mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/12—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action
    • F04B43/14—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action having plate-like flexible members

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power conversion mechanism that can convert a fluid pressure and a mechanical rotational force to each other, and belongs to the field of machinery capable of power conversion. Background technique
  • the power conversion mechanism is divided into two categories according to the purpose of the engine and the propeller (pump); according to the structure, there are mainly two types of turbines: the turbo propeller and the counter-piston cylinder.
  • the two different types of power conversion devices are Can be used to manufacture engines and propellers (pumps).
  • Reciprocating piston cylinders are used both for the manufacture of internal combustion engines and for the manufacture of piston pumps
  • turbines rotary propellers
  • the principles and techniques of the above-described power conversion apparatus have been widely publicized in the contemporary society.
  • Mechanical equipment manufactured according to the above principles is also widely used in daily production and life, such as marine propulsion, gas compressors, internal combustion engines, steam turbines, water turbines, and the like.
  • the turbine is mainly composed of a casing, a rotor and a blade.
  • the advantage is that the structure is simple, the cost of manufacturing a high-power machine is low, and the disadvantage is that the power conversion is relatively low.
  • the cylinder device is mainly composed of a crankshaft, a piston and a cylinder.
  • the advantage is that the power conversion ratio is relatively high, but the structure is complicated, the machining precision of the components is high, and the manufacturing cost of the large equipment is high. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a power conversion device which combines the respective characteristics of the two mechanical devices of the reciprocating piston cylinder and the turbine, and has a barrel housing with open ends at both ends of the turbine for rapid fluid passage and reciprocating
  • the piston cylinder and the crankshaft increase the conversion ratio of kinetic energy, and after the modularization, the crankshaft is miniaturized to reduce the equipment manufacturing difficulty and manufacturing cost.
  • the power conversion device of the present invention comprises a housing, a piston set and a crank mechanism, wherein: the housing is a rectangular tubular structure with open ends, the two opposite inner walls of the housing are working faces, and the other two opposite inner walls are sliding
  • the piston set is composed of at least four independent rectangular pistons, each piston has two working faces, two sliding faces and two combined faces, and the two working faces of the piston are respectively opposite to the two working faces of the casing
  • the two sliding surfaces are in contact with the two sliding surfaces of the casing, and the pistons are arranged side by side in a side by side to form a piston group, and the piston groups are arranged in the casing along the axial direction of the casing; each piston is provided with an independent device.
  • the length of the piston rod, the piston rods of all the pistons in the piston group are disposed on the same inverted working surface of the piston, and the piston rod extends through the predetermined hole on the working surface of the housing to the outside of the housing; the crank mechanism is disposed outside the housing
  • the crank mechanism is composed of a crankshaft and a crank.
  • the number of cranks on the crankshaft is equal to the number of pistons in the piston group.
  • Each crank has a crank, and each crank is connected with a corresponding piston rod.
  • the cranks are distributed in order on the circumference of the crankshaft.
  • the angle between adjacent cranks the total twist of the crankshaft, the total twist of the crankshaft, the total twist of the crankshaft 360, the number of cranks is not less than 4, and the clip between adjacent cranks The angle is not more than 90°.
  • the working surface of the housing and the working surface of the piston are flat, or the working surface of the housing has a protrusion; the piston is a rectangular or H-shaped columnar structure,
  • the piston group is arranged and operated in a sinusoidal shape around the center line of the housing;
  • the working faces of the pistons in the piston group are equal in area, or are gradually changed from left to right in a zoomed manner;
  • the housing may be a separate housing or may be part of other equipment
  • the housing and the piston group constitute a separate device working unit, and two or more working units can be combined in parallel, and the combination manner is: connecting the corresponding lengths of the connecting rods between the corresponding pistons in the adjacent housings
  • parallel device work units can share the same crank mechanism.
  • the power conversion device of the present invention can be used as a propeller or an engine.
  • the invention has the advantages of combining the advantages of the two mechanical devices of the reciprocating piston cylinder and the turbine, and has the characteristics of simple structure, simple manufacturing process and high power conversion ratio, and the device can be enlarged by modular combination.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the basic structure of the present invention, and the total distortion of the crankshaft corresponding to the working unit is
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rectangular cylindrical piston according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an H-shaped cylindrical piston according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a working unit in which the working surface of the piston in the piston group is gradually changed from left to right in a scaled manner, and the total distortion of the crankshaft corresponding to the working unit should be greater than 540°;
  • FIG. 5 to FIG. 13 are state diagrams of a working cycle in which the pistons of the piston group reciprocate from the starting position and return to the starting position when the working unit composed of four pistons rotates one revolution of the crankshaft.
  • the work surface is provided with a protrusion
  • the working surface of the piston is provided with a groove
  • the protrusions on the two working faces of the outer casing are arranged at intervals
  • the groove on the working surface of the piston is located at two opposite corners of the two working faces.
  • the protrusion cooperates with the groove
  • the figure indicates the state in which the groove of the piston cooperates with the protrusion of the working surface of the casing
  • FIG. 14 is a combination of two or more working units and a large device of a crankshaft. Schematic.
  • the power conversion apparatus of the present invention comprises a casing 1, a piston group 2, and a crank mechanism, wherein: the casing 1 is a rectangular tubular structure in which both ends are open, and two opposite inner walls of the casing are working faces, and The two opposite inner walls are sliding surfaces; the piston group 2 is composed of 2a ⁇ 21 twelve independent pistons, each piston has two working faces 6, two sliding faces 7 and two combined faces 8, two of the pistons Working faces and shells The two working faces of the body are opposite, the two sliding faces are in contact with the two sliding faces of the casing, and the pistons are arranged side by side in a side by side to form a piston group, and the piston group is arranged along the casing axis in the casing; each piston An independent equal length piston rod 3 is provided.
  • the piston rods of all the pistons in the piston group are disposed on the working surface on the same side of the piston, and the piston rod extends through the predetermined hole on the working surface of the housing to the outside of the housing;
  • the crank mechanism is disposed outside the casing, and the crank mechanism is composed of a crankshaft 5 and a crank 4.
  • the number of cranks on the crankshaft is equal to the number of pistons in the piston group, and each crank has a crank 4, and each crank has a corresponding piston.
  • the rods are connected.
  • the cranks are distributed in order on the circumference of the crankshaft.
  • the angle between adjacent cranks the total twist of the crankshaft, the total twist of the crankshaft is ⁇ 360°, the number of cranks is not less than 4, and the adjacent cranks are The angle is not more than 90 °.
  • the power provided by the engine drives the crank mechanism to rotate and drives the piston to reciprocate, so that the fluid is sucked from the left end of the housing and outputted from the right end, which constitutes a pump.
  • this pump as a ship propeller to drive the ship.
  • the large-scale ship adopts the multi-unit parallel device shown in Fig. 14 of the present invention as a propeller instead of the propeller propeller, which can overcome the cavitation effect and the cavitation effect, improve the navigation speed, and the manufacturing cost and the running cost are also lower than the existing ones. Large stern propeller and piston pump propeller.
  • a pipe for supplying a high-pressure fluid is connected to one end of the casing of the power conversion device of the present invention and is input with a high-pressure fluid, and a pressure difference across the casing drives the piston group to reciprocate while driving the liquid from one end of the casing to the other end.
  • This type of work unit can be used for hydroelectric power generation according to the multi-unit side-by-side combination of the hydraulic engine shown in Fig. 14.
  • the working medium is a gas
  • the crank mechanism of the power conversion device formed by the working unit of the present invention in which the piston working surface shown in FIG. 4 is gradually reduced from left to right
  • the power provided by the engine drives the crank mechanism to rotate and drive.
  • the piston reciprocates, and the gas is sucked from the left end of the casing and outputted from the right end while the density of the gas is compressed, which constitutes a gas compressor.
  • the use of more than one such serial connection of the working cells allows continuous compression of the gas density.
  • the pipeline for supplying high-pressure gas is connected to the right end of the casing of the power conversion device shown in FIG. 4 of the present invention and inputs high-pressure gas, and the pressure difference between the two ends of the casing can drive the piston group to reciprocate when driving the gas from the right end to the left end of the casing and The crank mechanism rotates, and during this process, the gas density gradually decreases and the pressure is gradually released.
  • Such work units can be used in the manufacture of steam engines by juxtaposition in the manner of Figure 14.
  • the power conversion device of the present invention is caused by the operating characteristics of the crank mechanism and the piston group.
  • the crankshaft rotates one cycle, there is a phenomenon that all the piston working faces are separated from the working face of the casing. There is a phenomenon of penetration at both ends.
  • the working medium is gas or the number of pistons constituting the piston group is small, the conversion efficiency of kinetic energy is seriously degraded.
  • the piston group is propelled by four pistons.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种动力转换装置，包括壳体（1）、活塞组（2）、曲轴机构，壳体（1）为两端开放的矩形筒状结构，壳体（1）的两个相对的内壁为工作面，另外两个相对的内壁为滑动面；活塞组（2）至少由四个独立的活塞（2a-2l）构成，每个活塞均有两个工作面（6）、两个滑动面（7）和两个组合面（8），活塞之间以组合面相邻并列排列构成活塞组，活塞组在壳体内沿壳体轴向排列；每个活塞设有一个独立的等长度的活塞杆（3）；曲轴机构设在壳体外部，曲轴机构由曲轴（5）、曲柄（4）构成，曲轴上的曲拐数量与活塞组中活塞数量相等，每个曲柄均与对应的活塞杆相连接。动力转换装置结合了往复活塞汽缸和涡轮两种机械装置的优点，具有构造简单、制造工艺简单、流量大的特点，而且可以通过模块化组合实现设备的大型化。

Description

一种动力转换装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种动力转换机械装置， 可以将流体的压力和机械的旋转力互 相转换， 属于能够进行动力转换的机械领域。 背景技术
动力转换机械装置按照用途划分为发动机和推进器（泵）两大类； 按照构 造划分主要有涡轮（嫘旋桨）和往说复活塞汽缸两种形式， 这两种不同构造的动 力转换装置都能够用于制造发动机和推进器（泵)。 例如： 往复活塞汽缸既用于 制造内燃发动机， 也用于制造活塞泵； 涡轮（嫘旋桨） 既用于制造风力和水力 发动机， 也用于制造推进器和泵。 书
上述动力转换装置的原理和技术在当代社会已经公开普及， 依据上述原理 制造的机械设备在日常的生产和生活中也广泛应用， 例如船舶推进器、 气体压 縮机、 内燃机、 汽轮机、 水轮机等。 涡轮主要由外壳、 转子和叶片组成， 优点 是构造简单， 制造大功率机械的成本较低， 缺点是动力转化比较低。 往复活塞 汽缸装置主要由曲轴、 活塞、 汽缸组成， 优点是动力转化比相对较高， 但是结 构复杂， 部件的加工精度要求高， 大型设备的制造成本高。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种动力转换装置， 综合了往复活塞汽缸和涡轮两种 机械装置在构造上的各自特点， 既有涡轮的两端开放的桶装壳体使流体快速通 过， 又有往复活塞汽缸和曲轴使动能的转化比得以提高， 而且在采用模块化以 后实现设备大型化曲轴小型化， 降低设备制造难度和制造成本。
本发明的目的是由以下方式实现的：
本发明的动力转换装置包括壳体、 活塞组、 曲轴机构， 其中： 壳体为两端 开放的矩形筒状结构， 壳体的两个相对的内壁为工作面， 另外两个相对的内壁 为滑动面； 活塞组至少由四个独立的矩形活塞构成， 每个活塞均有两个工作面、 两个滑动面和两个组合面， 活塞的两个工作面分别与壳体的两个工作面相对， 两个滑动面与壳体的两个滑动面接触， 活塞之间以组合面相邻并列排列构成活 塞组， 活塞组在壳体内沿壳体轴向排列； 每个活塞设有一个独立的等长度的活 塞杆， 活塞组中所有活塞的活塞杆均设在活塞相同一倒的工作面上， 活塞杆穿 过壳体工作面上预设的孔延伸至壳体外； 曲轴机构设在壳体外部， 曲轴机构由 曲轴、 曲柄构成， 曲轴上的曲拐数量与活塞组中活塞数量相等， 每个曲拐上有 一个曲柄， 每个曲柄均与对应的活塞杆相连接。 曲拐在曲轴的圆周上按照顺序 分布， 相邻曲拐间的夹角 =曲轴总扭曲度 ÷曲拐数， 曲轴总扭曲度 360 ， 曲 拐数不小于 4个， 相邻曲拐间的夹角不大于 90° 。 所述壳体的工作面与活塞工作面是平面， 或是壳体的工作面有凸起； 所述活塞为矩形或 H形的柱状结构 ·，
当壳体的内壁具有凸起时， 在活塞的对应面上设有与凸起相配合的凹槽； 所述活塞组是围绕壳体的中心线以正弦曲线的形态排列和运行；
所述活塞组中的活塞的工作面是等面积的， 或是从左到右按缩放形式渐变 的；
所述壳体可以是独立的壳体， 也可以是其他设备的一部分；
所述的壳体和活塞组构成一个独立的设备工作单元， 两个或两个以上的工 作单元能够并列组合， 组合方式是： 相邻壳体内相对应的活塞之间通过等长度 的连杆串接， 这种并行的设备工作单元可以共用同一个曲轴机构。
本发明的动力转换装置能够作为推进器或发动机使用。
本发明的优点是： 结合了往复活塞汽缸和涡轮两种机械装置的优点， 具有 构造简单、 制造工艺简单， 动力转化比高的特点， 而且可以通过模块化组合实 现设备的大型化。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的基本构造示意图， 这种工作单元对应的曲轴总扭曲度为
360° ；
图 2是本发明所述的矩形柱状活塞的结构示意图；
图 3是本发明所述的 H形柱状活塞的结构示意图；
图 4是活塞组中的活塞的工作面从左到右以縮放形式渐变的工作单元示意 图， 这种工作单元对应的曲轴总扭曲度应大于 540° ；
图 5至图 13是由 4个活塞构成的工作单元在曲轴旋转一周时， 活塞组中各 个活塞从起始位置往复运行并回到起始位置的一个工作循环的状态图， 图中的 壳体工作面上设有凸起、 活塞的工作面上设有凹槽， 外壳两个工作面上的凸起 错位间隔排列， 活塞工作面上的凹槽位于两个工作面斜线相对的两角处， 凸起 与凹槽相配合工作， 图中指示了活塞的凹槽与壳体工作面的凸起相配合的状态； 图 14是两个以上的工作单元并列组合后与一个曲轴构成大型装置的结构示 意图。
图中： 1.壳体， 11.壳体上的凸起， 2.活塞组， 2a〜21.活塞组中的活塞， 21.活塞上面与壳体上的凸起对应的凹槽， 3.活塞杆， 4.曲柄， 5. 曲轴， 6活塞 工作面， 7活塞滑动面， 8活塞组合面 具体实施方式
参照附图 1, 本发明的动力转换装置包括壳 1、活塞组 2、 曲轴机构， 其中： 壳体 1为两端开放的矩形筒状结构， 壳体的两个相对的内壁为工作面， 另外两 个相对的内壁为滑动面； 活塞组 2由 2a〜21十二个独立的活塞构成， 每个活塞 均有两个工作面 6、两个滑动面 7和两个组合面 8， 活塞的两个工作面分别与壳 体的两个工作面相对， 两个滑动面与壳体的两个滑动面接触， 活塞之间以组合 面相邻并列排列构成活塞组， 活塞组在壳体内沿壳体轴线排列； 每个活塞设有 一个独立的等长度的活塞杆 3，活塞组中所有活塞的活塞杆均设在活塞相同一侧 的工作面上， 活塞杆穿过壳体工作面上预设的孔延伸至壳体外； 曲轴机构设在 壳体外部， 曲轴机构由曲轴 5、 曲柄 4构成， 曲轴上的曲拐数量与活塞组中活塞 数量相等， 每个曲拐上有一个曲柄 4,每个曲柄均与对应的活塞杆相连接。 曲拐 在曲轴的圆周上按照顺序分布， 相邻曲拐间的夹角 =曲轴总扭曲度 ÷曲拐数， 曲 轴总扭曲度 ^360° , 曲拐数不小于 4个， 相邻曲拐间的夹角不大于 90° 。
将发动机与本发明图 1所示的动力转换装置的曲轴机构连接后， 发动机提 供的动力带动曲轴机构旋转并驱动活塞往复运动， 使流体从壳体的左端吸入从 右端输出， 这构成一种泵， 将这种泵用做船舶推进器能够驱动船舶航行。 大型 船舶采用本发明图 14所示的多单元并列装置作为推进器替代嫘旋桨推迸器， 能 够克服空泡效应和汽蚀效应， 提高航行速度， 制造成本和运行成本也低于现有 的大型嫘旋桨和活塞泵推进器。
将提供高压流体的管道与本发明图 1所示动力转换装置的壳体一端相连并 输入高压流体， 壳体两端的压差在驱使液体从壳体一端流向另一端时能够驱动 活塞组往复运动并带动曲轴旋转， 这构成一种发动机。 这种工作单元按照图 14 所示多单元并列组合制造的水力发动机能够用于水力发电。
当工作介质为气体时， 将发动机与本发明图 4所示活塞工作面从左至右逐 渐变小的工作单元构成的动力转换装置的曲轴机构连接后， 发动机提供的动力 带动曲轴机构旋转并驱动活塞往复运动， 气体从壳体的左端吸入从右端输出的 同时气体的密度受到压缩， 这构成一种气体压缩机。 使用一组以上的这种工作 单元串行连接可以使气体密度得到连续压缩。
将提供高压气体的管道与本发明图 4所示的动力转换装置的壳体右端相连 并输入高压气体， 壳体两端的压差在驱使气体从壳体右端流向左端时能够驱动 活塞组往复运动并带动曲轴机构旋转， 在这一过程中气体密度逐渐降低、 压力 逐渐得到释放。这种工作单元按照图 14的方式并列组合后可以用于制造蒸汽发 动机
本发明所述动力转换装置由于曲轴机构和活塞组的运行特性所造成的， 在 以曲轴旋转一周为周期的时段内， 存在所有活塞工作面均脱离壳体工作面的现 象， 此时段内壳体两端出现贯通现象， 当工作介质为气体时或者构成活塞组的 活塞数量较少时， 会造成动能转化效率的严重下降， 如图 5至图 13所示， 由四 个活塞构成活塞组的推进器， 曲轴旋转至特定角度时， 四个活塞的工作面均脱 离壳体的工作面， 在壳体的工作面增加凸起 11, 在活塞的工作面增加与工作面 的凸起相配合的凹槽 21， 能够解决这一问题。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种动力转换装置， 包括壳体、活塞组、 曲轴机构， 其特征是： 壳体为 两端开放的矩形筒状结构， 壳体的两个相对的内壁为工作面， 另外两个相对的 内壁为滑动面； 活塞组至少由四个独立的活塞构成， 每个活塞均有两个工作面、 两个滑动面和两个组合面， 活塞的两个工作面分别与壳体的两个工作面相对， 两个滑动面与壳体的两个滑动面接触， 活塞之间以组合面相邻并列排列构成活 塞组， 活塞组在壳体内沿壳体轴向排列； 每个活塞设有一个独立的等长度的活 塞杆， 活塞组中所有活塞的活塞杆均设在活塞相同一倒的工作面上， 活塞杆穿 过壳体工作面上预设的孔延伸至壳体外； 曲轴机构设在壳体外部， 曲轴机构由 曲轴、 曲柄构成， 曲轴上的曲拐数量与活塞组中活塞数量相等， 每个曲拐上有 一个曲柄， 每个曲柄均与对应的活塞杆相连接， 曲拐在曲轴的圆周上按照顺序 分布， 相邻曲拐间的夹角 =曲轴总扭曲度 ÷曲拐数， 曲轴总扭曲度 ^360 ， 曲 拐数不小于 4个， 相邻曲拐间的夹角不大于 90° 。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的动力转换装置， 其特征是： 壳体的工作面与活塞 工作面是平面。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的动力转换装置， 其特征是： 壳体的工作面上有凸 起。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的动力转换装置， 其特征是： 在活塞工作面上有与 壳体的工作面上的凸起对应的凹槽。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的动力转换装置， 其特征是： 活塞组是围绕壳体的 中心线以正弦曲线的形态排列和运行。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的动力转换装置， 其特征是： 活塞组中两个相邻活 塞的组合面在工作中始终保持相对连接的状态。
7、根据权利要求 1所述的动力转换装置， 其特征是： 活塞组中的活塞的工 作面是等面积的， 或是从左到右按縮放形式渐变的。
8、根据权利要求 1所述的动力转换装置， 其特征是： 壳体和活塞组构成一 个独立的设备工作单元， 两个或两个以上的工作单元能够并列组合， 组合方式 是： 相邻壳体内相对应的活塞之间通过等长度的连杆串接， 这种并行的设备工 作单元共用同一个曲轴机构。
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