WO2013063779A1 - 导电聚合物材料及其合成方法和应用 - Google Patents

导电聚合物材料及其合成方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2013063779A1
WO2013063779A1 PCT/CN2011/081713 CN2011081713W WO2013063779A1 WO 2013063779 A1 WO2013063779 A1 WO 2013063779A1 CN 2011081713 W CN2011081713 W CN 2011081713W WO 2013063779 A1 WO2013063779 A1 WO 2013063779A1
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conductive polymer
polymer material
organic framework
nano
polypyrrole
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French (fr)
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张春阳
王强心
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/0605Polycondensates containing five-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C08G73/0611Polycondensates containing five-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with only one nitrogen atom in the ring, e.g. polypyrroles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L79/00Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
    • C08L79/04Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of nano conductive polymer synthesis, in particular to a conductive polymer material and a synthetic method and application thereof.
  • polypyrrole As the most widely studied conductive polymer material, polypyrrole has broad application prospects, such as in batteries, capacitors, biosensors and DNA. On various devices such as chips. In recent years, researchers have developed a series of new synthetic methods to prepare polypyrrole with different nano and micro structures. Among them, the template method is a relatively successful method for synthesizing polypyrrole.
  • the current templates include microporous polymers, microporous inorganic materials (microporous alumina membranes, microporous silicon), molecular sieves, etc. These templates are also called For 'hard template'.
  • pyrrole itself has structural features of ⁇ , ⁇ double polymerization sites, it is easy to form a crosslinked high-dimensional polymer structure during synthesis.
  • polypyrrole is a polymer which is insoluble in any solvent and does not melt, its chain structure is still not fully understood. Therefore, polypyrrole polymerized by a conventional open system has an indeterminate polymerization position and is easy to form a branched poly. Pyrrole, it is generally believed that the chain structure of polypyrrole is ⁇ - ⁇ bond and some ⁇ - ⁇ bonds and ⁇ - ⁇ The pyrrole unit of the bond is cross-linked in a planar array form, however, in fact less than two-thirds of the pyrrole units are present in such an ideal form, and the structural defects of the polymerized polypyrrole limit The degree of delocalization of the charge on the polymer chain reduces its conductivity. At present, there are reports on a method of synthesizing a two-dimensional layered pore and a three-dimensional through-hole-loaded polymer, however, the conductivity of the polymer synthesized by the above method is still low.
  • a conductive polymer material which is a nano-polypyrrole molecular wire having a one-dimensional molecular chain structure.
  • a method of synthesizing a conductive polymer material comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 The synthetic material is di 4-(4-pyridyl) An organic framework of zinc benzoate dilactate having a nanopore;
  • Step 2 drying the organic frame, and then immersing the organic frame in a solution of a pyrrole monomer in an inert gas atmosphere to load the pyrrole monomer onto the organic frame;
  • Step 3 Soak the organic framework loaded with pyrrole monomer at a temperature of -10 °C ⁇ -20 °C at a concentration of 0.01 mol / L ⁇ 0.1 mol / L of iodine in an organic solution, and then placed at room temperature to polymerize to obtain an organic framework for loading nano-polypyrrole molecular wires;
  • Step 4 separating and purifying the organic framework of the nano-polypyrrole molecular wire to obtain the conductive polymer material, wherein the conductive polymer material is a nano-polypyrrole molecular wire having a one-dimensional molecular chain structure.
  • the method for synthesizing an organic framework comprises: 4-(4-pyridyl) Benzoic acid, lactic acid and zinc nitrate hexahydrate were added to N, N-dimethylformamide in a molar ratio of 1:0.8 ⁇ 1.2:1 ⁇ 2 to prepare a total concentration of a mixed solution of 0.18 mol/L to 0.28 mol/L, and then the mixed solution is kept in a closed environment at a temperature of 90 ° C to 140 ° C for 48 hours to 72 hours. The hydrothermal reaction was carried out in an hour, and after cooling, the organic framework was obtained.
  • the organic solution of iodine is a solution of iodine in n-hexane or a solution of iodine in cyclohexane.
  • the separating and purifying method comprises: immersing the organic frame carrying the nano-polypyrrole molecular wire in the In a 0.1 mol/L to 1 mol/L aqueous ammonia solution, after the organic framework is dissolved, molecules having a molecular weight of less than 500 are removed by filtration.
  • the method of filtration is a semipermeable membrane filtration process.
  • the molecule having a molecular weight of less than 500 is a 4-(4-pyridyl)benzoic acid molecule and a lactic acid molecule.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the invention also provides for the use of the above conductive polymer materials on batteries, capacitors, biosensors or DNA chips.
  • a 4-4-(4-pyridyl group) containing a one-dimensional rigid nanopore is used.
  • the organic framework of zinc benzoate dihydrate is used as a template, and the two 4-(4-pyridyl)
  • the organic framework of zinc dicarboxylate benzoate has the advantages of nanometer square pores, rigid pore walls composed of aromatic rings and cheap and easy to obtain.
  • the pore walls are rich in electrons, so as to precisely control the entry and localization of pyrrole monomer molecules, step by step introduction.
  • the oxidant iodine and pyrrole monomer and the reference optimized polymerization environment successfully realized the pyridine monomer in the nanoporous channel 4-(4-pyridyl)
  • the highly ordered polymerization of benzoic acid dilactate zinc organic framework, the obtained nano-polypyrrole molecular wire with one-dimensional molecular chain structure effectively solves the structural defects of polypyrrole molecules, and improves the charge in the nano-polypyrrole
  • the degree of delocalization on the molecular wires, therefore, the above conductive polymer material has a high electrical conductivity.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of synthesizing a conductive polymer material according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a method of synthesizing a conductive polymer material according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a test conductive device of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 5 is a first embodiment of the -pyridyl) benzoic acid dilactate zinc organic framework (curve A) and loaded nano-polypyrrole molecular wire Thermogravimetric curve of 4-(4-pyridyl)benzoic acid zinc dilactate organic framework (curve B);
  • Figure 6 is a nano-polypyrrole molecular wire of Example 1 (curve C), and di 4-(4-pyridyl) with DMF removed.
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the adsorption and desorption curves of nitrogen for the organic framework before the polymerization reaction of Example 1. ) an adsorption and desorption curve (curve H) of nitrogen with an organic framework after polymerization;
  • Fig. 10 is a graph showing the ultraviolet absorption curve of I 3- ions eluted with ethanol after the polymerization reaction of Example 1.
  • an electrically conductive polymer material of one embodiment the electrically conductive polymer material being a nanopolypyrrole molecular wire having a one-dimensional molecular chain structure.
  • a method for synthesizing a conductive polymer material includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 The synthetic material is di 4-(4-pyridyl) An organic framework of zinc benzoate dihydrate, the organic framework has nanopores.
  • the method for synthesizing an organic framework comprises: 4-(4-pyridyl)benzoic acid, lactic acid, and zinc nitrate hexahydrate according to The molar ratio of 1:0.8 ⁇ 1.2:1 ⁇ 2 is added to N, N-dimethylformamide to form a total concentration of 0.18mol/L ⁇ 0.28mol/L. Mix the solution and then keep the mixed solution in a closed environment at a temperature of 90 ° C ⁇ 140 ° C for 48 hours ⁇ 72 The hydrothermal reaction was carried out in an hour and after cooling, an organic framework was obtained.
  • the hydrothermal reaction is carried out in a hydrothermal reaction vessel with a polytetrafluoroethylene substrate, and the hydrothermal reaction vessel can be placed in an oven for hydrothermal reaction, preferably at a temperature of 110 ° C, a preferred holding time of 72 hours, and then cooling at room temperature to obtain an organic framework of colorless block crystals.
  • 4-(4-pyridyl)benzoic acid is first added to N.
  • N-dimethylformamide lactic acid is added, and then zinc nitrate hexahydrate is added to prepare a mixed solution.
  • the preferred ratio of 4-(4-pyridyl)benzoic acid, lactic acid and zinc nitrate hexahydrate is 1:1:1.5.
  • the total concentration of the mixed solution is preferably 0.23 mol/L .
  • the organic framework has the characteristics of unique regularity and nano-scale pores, and it is assembled by organic ligands and inorganic metal centers through coordination bonds, which facilitates the simple removal of organic frameworks by using weakly alkaline ammonia water.
  • this organic The frame has many advantages not found in conventional molecular sieves, such as unusual hole shapes, milder synthetic conditions, and potential controllability of pore size and size.
  • Step S2 The organic framework is dried, and then the organic framework is immersed in the pyrrole monomer solution in an inert gas atmosphere to load the pyrrole monomer onto the organic framework.
  • the organic frame is dried under vacuum at 200 °C. Remove DMF from the organic frame for 10 hours.
  • the inert gas may be a gas such as nitrogen, helium or argon, preferably nitrogen.
  • Step S3 immersing the organic framework loaded with the pyrrole monomer in an organic solution of iodine at a concentration of 0.01 mol/L to 0.1 mol/L at a temperature of -10 ° C to -20 ° C, and then polymerizing at room temperature.
  • the reaction provides an organic framework for loading the nano-polypyrrole molecular wires.
  • the organic solution of iodine is a solution of iodine in n-hexane or a solution of iodine in cyclohexane.
  • the soaking temperature is preferably -16 ° C and the molar concentration of iodine in the organic solution of iodine is 0.05 mol/L.
  • Step S4 The organic framework supporting the nano-polypyrrole molecular wire is separated and purified to obtain a conductive polymer material, and the conductive polymer material is a nano-polypyrrole molecular wire having a one-dimensional molecular chain structure.
  • the method for separating and purifying comprises: immersing an organic frame loaded with a nano-polypyrrole molecular wire in a In a 0.1 mol/L ⁇ 1 mol/L aqueous ammonia solution, the organic framework is dissolved, and then the molecules having a molecular weight of less than 500 are removed by filtration.
  • the solubility of the aqueous ammonia solution is preferably 0.5 mol/L.
  • the filtration method is a semi-permeable membrane filtration method.
  • the semi-permeable membrane retains a molecular weight of 500 molecules or more, and the molecular weight of less than 500 molecules passes through the semipermeable membrane; the molecular weight of less than 500 molecules is 4-(4- Pyridyl) Benzoic acid and lactic acid.
  • the above conductive polymer material can be applied to a battery, a capacitor, a biosensor or a DNA chip.
  • a 4-4-(4-pyridyl group) containing a one-dimensional rigid nanopore is used.
  • the organic framework of zinc benzoate dihydrate is used as a template, and the two 4-(4-pyridyl)
  • the organic framework of zinc dicarboxylate benzoate has the advantages of nanometer square pores, rigid pore walls composed of aromatic rings and cheap and easy to obtain.
  • the pore walls are rich in electrons, so as to precisely control the entry and localization of pyrrole monomer molecules, step by step introduction.
  • the oxidant iodine and pyrrole monomer and the reference optimized polymerization environment successfully realized the pyridine monomer in the nanoporous channel 4-(4-pyridyl)
  • the highly ordered polymerization of benzoic acid dilactate zinc organic framework, the obtained nano-polypyrrole molecular wire with one-dimensional molecular chain structure effectively solves the structural defects of polypyrrole molecules, and improves the charge in the nano-polypyrrole
  • the degree of delocalization on the molecular wires, therefore, the above conductive polymer material has a high electrical conductivity.
  • the equipment used to test the conductivity in the following examples is Keithley 2400, and the room temperature is 25 °C.
  • the tablet pressure is 50 atm, using gold wire as the electrode and conductive silver glue as the binder.
  • the nano-polypyrrole molecular wire synthesized in this example was tableted to form a compressed sample 100, as shown in FIG. 3, and the conductivity was measured by Keithley (Model 2400) 200, and the nano-polypyrrole synthesized in this example was synthesized.
  • the conductivity of the molecular wire tablet sample 100 is 3 S/m, which is 5 orders of magnitude higher than the electrical conductivity (10 -5 -10 -4 S/m) of the two-dimensional or three-dimensional nano-polypyrrole molecular wire reported in the literature.
  • the nanopolypyrrole molecular wire of the present embodiment has a one-dimensional molecular chain structure.

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Abstract

一种导电聚合物材料,该导电聚合物材料为具有一维的分子链结构的纳米聚吡咯分子导线。上述具有一维的分子链结构的纳米聚吡咯分子导线有效的解决了聚吡咯分子在结构上的缺陷,提高了电荷在纳米聚吡咯分子导线上的离域程度,因此,上述导电聚合物材料具有较高的导电性。此外,还提供了合成上述导电聚合物材料的方法和应用。

Description

导电聚合物材料及其合成方法和应用
【技术领域】
本发明涉及纳米导电高分子合成领域,特别涉及一种导电聚合物材料及其合成方法和应用。
【背景技术】
聚吡咯作为目前研究最广泛的一种导电高分子材料,具有广阔的应用前景,如在电池、电容器、生物传感器和 DNA 芯片等各种器件上。近年来,科研工作者开拓了一系列新型合成方法以制备具有不同纳米及微米结构的聚吡咯。其中,模板法是研究得较成功的合成聚吡咯的方法,当前的模板有微孔聚合物、微孔无机物(微孔氧化铝膜、微孔硅)以及分子筛等等,这些模板也被称为'硬模板'。然而,由于吡咯自身具有α、β双聚合位点的结构特征,在合成时极易形成交联的高维聚合物结构。由于聚吡咯是一种不溶于任何溶剂又不熔融的聚合物,其链结构目前仍不十分清楚,因此,采用常规开放体系下聚合的聚吡咯,聚合位置不确定,且易形成分枝状聚吡咯,一般认为聚吡咯的链结构是以 α-α 键和一些 α-β 键以及 β-β 键的吡咯单元交联键合起来的平面阵列形式,然而,实际上只有不到三分之二的吡咯单元是以这样理想的形式存在的,聚合的聚吡咯这种在结构上的缺陷限制了电荷在聚合物链上的离域程度,降低它的导电性。目前,有报道合成二维层状孔和三维穿插孔负载聚合物的方法,然而,上述方法合成的聚合物的导电性能仍然较低。
【发明内容】
基于此,有必要提供一种具有较高导电性能的导电聚合物材料。
一种导电聚合物材料,所述导电聚合物材料为具有一维的分子链结构的纳米聚吡咯分子导线。
此外,还有必要提供一种上述导电聚合物材料的制备方法。
一种合成导电聚合物材料的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:合成材料为二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌的有机框架,所述有机框架具有纳米孔道;
步骤二:将所述有机框架进行干燥,然后在惰性气体的气氛中将所述有机框架浸泡于吡咯单体溶液中,使所述吡咯单体负载到所述有机框架上;
步骤三:将负载有吡咯单体的有机框架在 -10 ℃ ~-20℃ 的温度下浸泡于浓度为 0.01mol/L~0.1mol/L 的碘的有机溶液中,然后置于室温下发生聚合反应,得到负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的有机框架;及
步骤四:将所述负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的有机框架进行分离及纯化,得到所述导电聚合物材料,所述导电聚合物材料为具有一维的分子链结构的纳米聚吡咯分子导线。
在优选的实施例中,步骤一中,所述合成有机框架的方法包括:将 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸、乳酸和六水合硝酸锌按照 1:0.8~1.2:1~2 的摩尔比例依次加入 N , N- 二甲基甲酰胺中配制成总浓度为 0.18mol/L~0.28mol/L 的混合溶液,然后将所述混合溶液在温度为 90℃ ~140℃ 的密闭环境下保温 48 小时 ~72 小时进行水热反应,冷却后得到所述有机框架。
在优选的实施例中,步骤三中,所述碘的有机溶液为碘的正己烷溶液或碘的环己烷溶液。
在优选的实施例中,步骤四中,所述分离及纯化的方法包括:将所述负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的有机框架浸泡于 0.1mol/L~1mol/L 的氨水溶液中,待所述有机框架溶解后,过滤去除分子量小于 500 的分子。
在优选的实施例中,所述过滤的方法为半透膜过滤法。
在优选的实施例中,所述分子量小于 500 的分子为 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸分子及乳酸分子。
在优选的实施例中,步骤二中,所述惰性气体为氮气。
本发明还提供上述导电聚合物材料在电池、电容器、生物传感器或 DNA 芯片上的应用。
上述合成导电聚合物材料的方法中,采用含一维刚性纳米孔的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架做模板,且二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架具有纳米的方形孔道、芳香环组成的刚性孔壁以及廉价易得的优点,其孔壁富有电子,从而达到精确控制吡咯单体分子的进入和定位,分步引入氧化剂碘与吡咯单体、参比优化聚合环境,成功实现了吡啶单体在含纳米孔道的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架中高度有序聚合,获得的具有一维的分子链结构的纳米聚吡咯分子导线,有效的解决了聚吡咯分子在结构上的缺陷,提高了电荷在纳米聚吡咯分子导线上的离域程度,因此,上述导电聚合物材料具有较高的导电性。
【附图说明】
图 1 为一实施方式的合成导电聚合物材料的方法的流程图;
图 2 为一实施方式的合成导电聚合物材料的方法的示意图;
图 3 为实施例一的测试导电装置示意图;
图 4 为实施例一的负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架的红外光谱;
图 5 为实施例一的 - 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架(曲线 A )与负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架(曲线 B )的热重曲线图;
图 6 为实施例一的纳米聚吡咯分子导线(曲线 C )、去除了 DMF 的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架(曲线 D )、步骤( 1 )中的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架(曲线 E )及计算机模拟原框架 ( 曲线 F) 的 X 射线衍射曲线图;
图 7 为实施例一的发生聚合反应前的有机框架对氮气的吸附与解吸曲线(曲线 G )与发生聚合反应后的有机框架对氮气的吸附与解吸曲线(曲线 H )图;
图 8 为实施例一的纳米聚吡咯分子导线的扫描电镜图;
图 9 为实施例一的纳米聚吡咯分子导线的透射电镜图;
图 10 为实施例一的聚合反应发生后用乙醇溶出的 I3- 离子的紫外吸收曲线图。
【具体实施方式】
下面主要结合附图及具体实施例对导电聚合物材料及其合成方法和应用作进一步详细的说明。
一实施方式的导电聚合物材料,该导电聚合物材料为具有一维的分子链结构的纳米聚吡咯分子导线。
如图 1 及图 2 所示,一种合成导电聚合物材料的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤 S1 :合成材料为二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌的有机框架,有机框架具有纳米孔道。在本实施例中,合成有机框架的方法包括:将 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸、乳酸和六水合硝酸锌按照 1:0.8~1.2:1~2 的摩尔比例依次加入 N , N- 二甲基甲酰胺中配制成总浓度为 0.18mol/L~0.28mol/L 的混合溶液,然后将混合溶液在温度为 90℃ ~140℃ 的密闭环境下保温 48 小时 ~72 小时进行水热反应,冷却后得到有机框架。在优选的实施例中,水热反应在带聚四氟乙烯衬底的水热反应釜密闭进行,可以将水热反应釜置于烘箱中进行水热反应,温度优选为 110 ℃ ,优选的保温时间为 72 小时,然后在室温下进行冷却,得到无色块状结晶的有机框架。在本实施例中,先将 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸加入 N , N- 二甲基甲酰胺中,再加入乳酸,然后加入六水合硝酸锌配制混合溶液, 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸、乳酸和六水合硝酸锌的优选比例为 1:1:1.5 ;混合溶液的总浓度优选为 0.23 mol/L 。此有机框架具有独特的规整、纳米级孔的特点,且它是由有机配体与无机金属中心通过配位键组装的,方便简单地利用具有弱碱性的氨水去除有机框架,另外,此有机框架具有大量传统分子筛所不具备的优点,如不寻常的孔穴形状、更加温和的合成条件及潜在的对孔穴大小和尺寸的可控性。
步骤 S2 :将有机框架进行干燥,然后在惰性气体的气氛中将有机框架浸泡于吡咯单体溶液中,使吡咯单体负载到有机框架上。在本实施例中,将有机框架在 200 ℃ 真空条件下干燥 10 小时,去除有机框架中的 DMF 。惰性气体可以为氮气、氦气、氩气等气体,优选为氮气。
步骤 S3 :将负载有吡咯单体的有机框架在 -10 ℃ ~ -20℃ 的温度下浸泡于浓度为 0.01mol/L~0.1mol/L 的碘的有机溶液中,然后置于室温下发生聚合反应,得到负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的有机框架。在本实施例中,碘的有机溶液为碘的正己烷溶液或碘的环己烷溶液。碘单质作为聚合反应的氧化剂,碘在聚合反应发生后被还原为 I3- 离子,同时又是良好的聚合物掺杂剂,进一步提高了聚合物的导电性。在优选的实施例中,浸泡温度优选为 -16 ℃ ,碘的有机溶液中碘的摩尔浓度为 0.05mol/L 。
步骤 S4 :将负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的有机框架分离纯化,得到导电聚合物材料,导电聚合物材料为具有一维的分子链结构的纳米聚吡咯分子导线。在本实施例中,分离纯化的方法包括:将负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的有机框架浸泡于 0.1mol/L~1mol/L 氨水溶液中,待有机框架溶解,然后过滤去除分子量为小于 500 的分子。在本实施例中,氨水溶液的溶度优选为 0.5mol/L ;过滤的方法为半透膜过滤法,半透膜将分子量大于等于 500 分子截留下来,分子量小于 500 的分子透过半透膜;分子量小于 500 的分子为 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸及乳酸。
上述导电聚合物材料可以在电池、电容器、生物传感器或 DNA 芯片上应用。
上述合成导电聚合物材料的方法中,采用含一维刚性纳米孔的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架做模板,且二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架具有纳米的方形孔道、芳香环组成的刚性孔壁以及廉价易得的优点,其孔壁富有电子,从而达到精确控制吡咯单体分子的进入和定位,分步引入氧化剂碘与吡咯单体、参比优化聚合环境,成功实现了吡啶单体在含纳米孔道的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架中高度有序聚合,获得的具有一维的分子链结构的纳米聚吡咯分子导线,有效的解决了聚吡咯分子在结构上的缺陷,提高了电荷在纳米聚吡咯分子导线上的离域程度,因此,上述导电聚合物材料具有较高的导电性。
以下为具体实施例部分,下述实施例中用于测试导电率的设备为美国吉时利 2400 ,室温为 25 ℃ ,压片压强为 50 atm ,采用金丝做电极,导电银胶做为粘合剂。
实施例 1
( 1 )合成二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架
将 1 摩尔 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸加入 N , N- 二甲基甲酰胺中,再加入 0.8 摩尔乳酸,在室温下空气中用磁力搅拌器搅拌 10 分钟,再加入 1 摩尔六水合硝酸锌,继续搅拌 5 分钟,配制成总浓度为 0.18mol/L 的混合溶液,将混合溶液转移至容积为 23ml 、带聚四氟乙烯衬底的水热反应釜中密闭,将水热反应釜置于烘箱中,在温度为 110 ℃ 下保温 72 小时进行水热反应,然后在室温下冷却,得到具有纳米孔道的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架。
( 2 )制备负载有吡咯单体的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架
将( 1 )中的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架在 200 ℃ 真空条件下干燥 10 小时,去除 DMF ,然后将二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架在氮气的气氛中,浸泡于吡咯单体溶液中,使吡咯单体充满二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架,使吡咯单体负载到二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架上。
( 3 )负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架
将( 2 )中负载有吡咯单体的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架在 -16℃ 的温度下浸泡于浓度为 0.05mol/L 的碘的正己烷溶液中, 48 小时后,置于室温下发生聚合反应,待整个有机框架变黑,即得到负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架。
( 4 )分离纯化
将负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架浸泡于 0.05mol/L 氨水溶液中,有机框架溶解,有机框架中包含的纳米聚吡咯分子导线被释放出来,然后采用具有半透膜材质的透析袋过滤去除分子量为小于 500 的分子,截留在透析袋上的物质即为纳米聚吡咯分子导线。
将本实施例合成的纳米聚吡咯分子导线压片,形成压片样品 100 ,如图 3 所示,采用美国吉时利(型号 2400 ) 200 测试电导率得出,本实施例合成的纳米聚吡咯分子导线压片样品 100 的电导率为 3S/m ,比文献报道的二维或是三维的纳米聚吡咯分子导线的电导率( 10-5-10 -4 S/m )提高了 5 个数量级。
从图 4 中得出,在负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架的红外光谱上出现了聚吡咯的特征峰,且特征峰出现在 964 、 1043 、 1306 及 1558 波数处。
从图 5 中得出,二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架(曲线 A )与负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架(曲线 B )的热重曲线明显不同,这是由于生成了聚吡咯分子。
如图 6 所示,从分离纯化的纳米聚吡咯分子导线(曲线 C )、去除了 DMF 的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架(曲线 D )、步骤( 1 )中的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架(曲线 E )及计算机模拟原框架 ( 曲线 F) 的 X 射线衍射曲线中可以看出,分离纯化的纳米聚吡咯分子导线(曲线 C )的衍射角在 17.8 和 23.3 出现的峰为聚吡咯的特征峰。
如图 7 所示,从发生聚合反应前的有机框架对氮气的吸附与解吸曲线(曲线 G )与发生聚合反应后的有机框架对氮气的吸附与解吸曲线(曲线 H )可以看出,发生聚合反应后的有机框架由于有机框架中聚吡咯的生成,其对气体的吸附能力将明显下降。
如图 8 及图 9 所示,可以看出,本实施例的纳米聚吡咯分子导线具有一维的分子链结构。
如图 10 所示,从聚合反应发生后用乙醇溶出的 I3- 离子的紫外吸收曲线中可以得出 I3- 离子的特征峰出现在 360nm 波长处,因为在聚合反应发生后,氧化剂碘被还原为 I3- 离子。
实施例 2
( 1 )合成二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架
将 1 摩尔 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸加入 N , N- 二甲基甲酰胺中,再加入 1 摩尔乳酸,在室温下空气中用磁力搅拌器搅拌 10 分钟,再加入 1.5 摩尔六水合硝酸锌,继续搅拌 5 分钟,配制成总浓度为 0.23 mol/L 的混合溶液,将第三溶液转移至容积为 23ml 、带聚四氟乙烯衬底的水热反应釜中密闭,将水热反应釜置于烘箱中,在温度为 140 ℃ 下保温 48 小时进行水热反应,然后在室温下冷却,得到具有纳米孔道的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架。
( 2 )制备负载有吡咯单体的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架
将( 1 )中的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架在 200 ℃ 真空条件下干燥 10 小时,去除 DMF ,然后将二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架在氮气的气氛中,浸泡于吡咯单体溶液中,使吡咯单体充满二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架,使吡咯单体负载到二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架上。
( 3 )合成负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架
将( 2 )中负载有吡咯单体的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架在 -10℃ 的温度下浸泡于浓度为 0.01mol/L 的碘的环己烷溶液中, 48 小时后,置于室温下发生聚合反应,待整个有机框架变黑,即得到负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架。
( 4 )分离纯化
将负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架浸泡于 0.1mol/L 氨水溶液中,有机框架溶解,有机框架中包含的纳米聚吡咯分子导线被释放出来,然后采用具有半透膜材质的透析袋过滤去除分子量为小于 500 的分子,截留在透析袋上的物质即为纳米聚吡咯分子导线。
实施例 3
( 1 )合成二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架
将 1 摩尔 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸加入 N , N- 二甲基甲酰胺中,再加入 1.2 摩尔乳酸,在室温下空气中用磁力搅拌器搅拌 10 分钟,再加入 2 摩尔六水合硝酸锌,继续搅拌 5 分钟,配制成总浓度为 0.28 mol/L 的混合溶液,将混合溶液转移至容积为 23ml 、带聚四氟乙烯衬底的水热反应釜中密闭,将水热反应釜置于烘箱中,在温度为 90 ℃ 下保温 72 小时进行水热反应,然后在室温下冷却,得到具有纳米孔道的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架。
( 2 )制备负载有吡咯单体的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架
将( 1 )中的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架在 200 ℃ 真空条件下干燥 10 小时,去除 DMF ,然后将二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架在氮气的气氛中,浸泡于吡咯单体溶液中,使吡咯单体充满二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架,使吡咯单体负载到二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架上。
( 3 )合成负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架
将( 2 )中负载有吡咯单体的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架在 -20℃ 的温度下浸泡于浓度为 0.1mol/L 的碘的正己烷溶液中, 48 小时后,置于室温下发生聚合反应,待整个有机框架变黑,即得到负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架。
( 4 )分离纯化
将负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌有机框架浸泡于 1mol/L 氨水溶液中,有机框架溶解,有机框架中包含的纳米聚吡咯分子导线被释放出来,然后采用半透膜过滤去除分子量为小于 500 的分子,截留在半透膜上的物质即为纳米聚吡咯分子导线。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种导电聚合物材料,其特征在于,所述导电聚合物材料为具有一维的分子链结构的纳米聚吡咯分子导线。
  2. 一种合成导电聚合物材料的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    步骤一:合成材料为二 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸二乳酸合锌的有机框架,所述有机框架具有纳米孔道;
    步骤二:将所述有机框架进行干燥,然后在惰性气体的气氛中将所述有机框架浸泡于吡咯单体溶液中,使所述吡咯单体负载到所述有机框架上;
    步骤三:将负载有吡咯单体的有机框架在 -10 ℃ ~-20℃ 的温度下浸泡于浓度为 0.01mol/L~0.1mol/L 的碘的有机溶液中,然后置于室温下发生聚合反应,得到负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的有机框架;及
    步骤四:将所述负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的有机框架进行分离及纯化,得到所述导电聚合物材料,所述导电聚合物材料为具有一维的分子链结构的纳米聚吡咯分子导线。
  3. 根据权利要求 2 所述的合成导电聚合物材料的方法,其特征在于,步骤一中,所述合成有机框架的方法包括:将 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸、乳酸和六水合硝酸锌按照 1:0.8~1.2:1~2 的摩尔比例依次加入 N , N- 二甲基甲酰胺中配制成总浓度为 0.18mol/L~0.28mol/L 的混合溶液,然后将所述混合溶液在温度为90℃~140℃ 的密闭环境下保温 48 小时 ~72 小时进行水热反应,冷却后得到所述有机框架。
  4. 根据权利要求 2 所述的合成导电聚合物材料的方法,其特征在于,步骤三中,所述碘的有机溶液为碘的正己烷溶液或碘的环己烷溶液。
  5. 根据权利要求 2 所述的合成导电聚合物材料的方法,其特征在于,步骤四中,所述分离及纯化的方法包括:将所述负载纳米聚吡咯分子导线的有机框架浸泡于 0.1mol/L~1mol/L 的氨水溶液中,待有机框架溶解后,过滤去除分子量小于 500 的分子。
  6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的合成导电聚合物材料的方法,其特征在于,所述过滤的方法为半透膜过滤法。
  7. 根据权利要求 5 所述的合成导电聚合物材料的方法,其特征在于,所述分子量小于 500 的分子为 4-(4- 吡啶基 ) 苯甲酸分子及乳酸分子。
  8. 根据权利要求 2 所述的合成导电聚合物材料的方法,其特征在于,步骤二中,所述惰性气体为氮气。
  9. 如权利要求 1 所述的导电聚合物材料在电池、电容器、生物传感器或 DNA 芯片上的应用。
PCT/CN2011/081713 2011-11-03 2011-11-03 导电聚合物材料及其合成方法和应用 Ceased WO2013063779A1 (zh)

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