WO2013060098A1 - 激酶抑制剂及治疗相关疾病的方法 - Google Patents

激酶抑制剂及治疗相关疾病的方法 Download PDF

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WO2013060098A1
WO2013060098A1 PCT/CN2012/001432 CN2012001432W WO2013060098A1 WO 2013060098 A1 WO2013060098 A1 WO 2013060098A1 CN 2012001432 W CN2012001432 W CN 2012001432W WO 2013060098 A1 WO2013060098 A1 WO 2013060098A1
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group
disease
compound
alkyl
pharmaceutically acceptable
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PCT/CN2012/001432
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English (en)
French (fr)
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潘峥婴
李锡涛
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北京大学深圳研究生院
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Priority to AU2012327780A priority Critical patent/AU2012327780B2/en
Priority to JP2014537452A priority patent/JP5909558B2/ja
Priority to CA2853440A priority patent/CA2853440C/en
Priority to ES12843502.1T priority patent/ES2578605T3/es
Priority to KR1020147013793A priority patent/KR101942439B1/ko
Priority to US14/354,302 priority patent/US9150522B2/en
Priority to EP12843502.1A priority patent/EP2772486B1/en
Publication of WO2013060098A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013060098A1/zh
Priority to HK15102027.6A priority patent/HK1201524A1/zh
Priority to US14/830,128 priority patent/US9782406B2/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/28Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D239/46Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
    • C07D239/48Two nitrogen atoms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08Antiallergic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/02Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/12Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D407/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
    • C07D407/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D407/12Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/12Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

  • the mechanism of action of a kinase is to transfer a phosphate group from a high-energy donor molecule (such as ATP) to a specific molecule. This process is called phosphorylation.
  • Protein kinases alter the activity of specific proteins by phosphorylation, thereby controlling and regulating protein-related signaling and other effects on cells. Because of the important role of protein kinases in cell signaling, the use of small molecule compounds for specific kinase selectivity helps to gain insight into cellular signaling processes. At the same time, small molecule compounds control the function of cells by regulating the activity of kinases, making protein kinases a good drug target in the treatment of clinical diseases.
  • Btk plays an extremely important role in the development and function of normal B cells.
  • Btk has become a prominent drug target in B cell-associated cancers, especially for B cell lymphoma and leukemia.
  • Btk is an indispensable major member of the BCR signaling pathway.
  • Btk inhibitors block BCR signaling and induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
  • C11 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • Sll small lymphocytic lymphoma
  • PCI-32765 clinical phase III
  • AVL -292 clinical phase I
  • Btk is also a target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease.
  • Btk is an important component of the BCR signal of B cells and the FC- ⁇ signal of bone marrow cells.
  • Btk inhibitors are expected to reduce the two major components of autoimmune diseases: pathogenic autoantibodies produced by B cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by myeloid cells. In cell experiments, it was confirmed that Btk inhibitors can effectively reduce autoantibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In collagen-induced arthritis mice, Btk inhibitors reduce the level of autoantibodies in the body and effectively control the disease.
  • RBL-2H3 rat basophilic autoimmune cell
  • RBL-2H3 is a common model for studying mast cell inflammatory diseases. Mast cells are rich in basophilic particles and play a leading role in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic reactions.
  • IgE immunoglobulin E
  • Small interfering RNA (siR A ) and LFM-A13 reduce inflammatory responses induced by mast cells by reducing Btk activity: by siRNA and LFM-A13
  • siRNA and LFM-A13 reduce inflammatory responses induced by mast cells by reducing Btk activity: by siRNA and LFM-A13
  • the release of the proinflammatory mediator, histamine was reduced by 20-25%.
  • Btk has also been reported in the literature as a therapeutic target in xenogeneic immune diseases and thromboembolic diseases.
  • W is selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6 alkyl, -(NH-CO) n -LL 3 , -(CO-NH) complicat-LL 3 , and
  • the C 8 cycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogens such as F and Cl, tt, C 1-6 alkyl, (: 1-6 alkane « ⁇ , halogenated (: 1-6 alkyl such as perhaloalkyl such as CF 3 ,
  • n is an integer 0 or 1 ,
  • X is selected from H, halogen such as F and C1, and alkyl such as fluorenyl, Independently from each other, identically or differently, selected from H, C(O) and S(0) 2 ;
  • W is selected from the group consisting of H, ethyl, -(NH-CO) N -LL 3 , -(CO-NH) N -LL 3 , and -(NH-CO) N -NH-LL 3 , wherein
  • L is a bond or vinylidene
  • n is an integer of 1.
  • X is selected from the group consisting of H, F, CI, and thiol. In another preferred embodiment,
  • L is a bond or vinylidene
  • L 3 is cyclopropyl, phenyl, naphthyl, isodecyl or benzo[d] optionally substituted by 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, C1, amino, methoxy, and CF 3 ][l,3]dioxolyl, n is an integer 1,
  • X is selected from the group consisting of H, F, C1, and sulfhydryl groups
  • 1 ⁇ and 1 2 are independently of each other, identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of H, C(O) and S(0) 2 ;
  • L 2 independently of one another, identically or differently, selected from C 2 . 3 alkenyl, and methyl-NHC(O)-vinyl; The premise is that when it is 11, 1 ⁇ does not exist, and when R 2 is H, L 2 does not exist.
  • composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount A compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • a compound of the invention or a composition of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of an autoimmune disease, a xenogeneic immune disease, an inflammatory disease, a cancer, Or thromboembolic disease.
  • a method of treating a disease or condition comprising combining a compound of the invention or a combination of the invention
  • the subject is administered to a subject in need thereof, such as a mammal such as a human.
  • the substituents may be selected from a subset of the listed alternative items.
  • W is selected from the group consisting of H, ethyl, -(NH-CO) n -LL 3 , -(CO-NH) n -LL 3 , and -(NH-CO) n -NH-LL 3 .
  • W is selected from - (NH-CO) n -LL 3, - (CO-NH) n -LL 3, and - (NH-CO) n -NH -LL 3.
  • W is selected from - (NH-CO) n -LL 3.
  • Cw alkyl includes all subranges contained therein, for example, C 1-2 alkyl, d- 3 alkyl, C M alkyl, C 1-5 alkyl, C 2-5 alkyl, C 3 _ 5 alkyl, C 4 _ 5 alkyl, C3-4 base, C3-5 3 ⁇ 4 base and C4-5 alkyl.
  • d_ 3 alkylene includes an alkylene group Yue, ethylidene, propylidene and isopropylidene.
  • aryl examples include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl, fluorenyl and fluorenyl.
  • C 3 -8 cycloalkyl means a monocyclic or polycyclic group of a non-aromatic group containing only carbon and hydrogen and having 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the ring, and which may be saturated , partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated.
  • Examples of C 3 . 8 ring fluorenyl groups include the following:
  • C1-6 alkoxy means a ( C1-6 alkyl) 0- group in which d. 6 alkyl is as defined herein.
  • D 6 haloalkyl group refers to a halogen - (d 6 alkyl) - group, wherein d 6 alkyl group as defined herein.
  • the halogenated d 6 alkyl group includes a perhalogenated 6 alkyl group in which all hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group are replaced by halogen such as -CF 3 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CF 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 Wait.
  • C 2 -3 alkenyl optionally substituted by C alkyl means a C 2 -3 alkenyl group or a C 2 -3 aryl group substituted by an alkyl group, wherein the ( 2 - 3 fluorenyl group is attached to the compound On the main structure.
  • C 1-3 alkyl-NHC(0)-C 2 . 3 alkenyl means a C 2-3 alkenyl group substituted by C 1-3 alkyl-NHC(O)-, wherein C 2 - 3 is passed The thiol group is attached to the host structure of the compound.
  • bond refers to a chemical bond between two atoms, or two, when an atom joined by a bond is considered to be a component of a larger substructure.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable when referring to a formulation, composition or ingredient, means that there is no lasting adverse effect on the general health of the subject being treated or that the biological activity or property of the compound is not lost, And relatively non-toxic.
  • bruton tyrosine kinase refers to Bruton's tyrosine kinase from Homo sapiens, which is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,326,469 (GenBank Accession No. NP 000052).
  • an "effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” as used herein refers to a sufficient amount of a drug or compound to be administered which will alleviate to some extent one or more symptoms of the disease or condition being treated. The result can be a reduction and/or alleviation of signs, symptoms or causes of the disease or any other desired changes in the biological system.
  • an "effective amount” for therapeutic use is an amount of a composition that is required to provide a significant reduction in the clinical symptoms of the disease without causing excessive toxic side effects, the composition comprising a compound disclosed herein.
  • techniques such as stepwise increase in dose can be used. To determine.
  • the term "therapeutically effective amount” includes, for example, a prophylactically effective amount.
  • an “effective amount” of a compound disclosed herein is an amount effective to achieve the desired pharmacological effect or therapeutic improvement without undue toxic side effects. It will be understood that "effective amount, or “therapeutically effective amount” may vary from subject to subject due to the metabolism of the compound, the age, weight of the subject, the general condition, the condition being treated, the condition being treated The severity is different from the judgment of the prescribing physician. By way of example only, a therapeutically effective amount can be determined by routine experimental methods, including but not limited to progressively increasing dose clinical trials.
  • the term “inhibiting,” “inhibiting,” or “inhibiting,” a kinase refers to inhibition of phosphotransferase activity.
  • Autoimmune diseases as described herein include, but are not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, 4 psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, Still's disease, juvenile arthritis, lupus, diabetes, myasthenia gravis, bridge This thyroiditis, Aode thyroiditis, Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis syndrome, multiple sclerosis, infectious neuronitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Addison's disease, visual eye array ⁇ -myoclonus syndrome, ankylosing sinusitis, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, aplastic anemia, autoimmune hepatitis, celiac disease, Goodpasch syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, optic nerve Inflammation, scleroderma, primary biliary cirrhosis, Lytle syndrome, high arteritis, temporal arteritis, warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Wegener's granulomatosis, p
  • heterologous immune diseases described herein include, but are not limited to, graft versus host disease, transplantation, blood transfusion, allergic reactions, allergies (eg, on plant pollen, latex, drugs, food, insect venom, animal hair, animal dander, Dust mites or phlegm allergies), type I hypersensitivity, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.
  • the inflammatory diseases described herein include, but are not limited to, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, appendicitis, tendinitis, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, mucous gingivitis, cervicitis, cholangitis, cholestasis, colitis, conjunctivitis, bladder Inflammation, lacrimal gland inflammation, dermatitis, dermatomyositis, encephalitis, endocarditis, endometritis, enteritis, enterocolitis, epicondylitis, epididymitis, fasciitis, fibrositis, gastritis, gastroenteritis , hepatitis, suppurative sweat gland inflammation, laryngitis, mastitis, meningitis, myelitis, myositis, myositis, nephritis, otitis, orchitis, osteitis, otitis, pancreatitis, mumps,
  • Cancers such as B cell proliferative disorders as described herein include, but are not limited to, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell pro-lymphocytic leukemia, lymph Plasma cell lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, spleen marginal zone lymphoma, plasma cell myeloma, plasmacytoma, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, lymph node marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, sleeve Cellular lymphoma, mediastinal (thymus) large B-cell lymphoma, intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, primary exudative lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis.
  • diffuse large B-cell lymphoma follicular lymphoma
  • Thromboembolism diseases as described herein include, but are not limited to, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris (including unstable angina), angioplasty or aortic coronary artery shunt after reocclusion or restenosis, stroke, transient ischemia, Peripheral arterial occlusive disease, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis.
  • a dose of an irreversible Btk inhibitor compound for treating an autoimmune disease can be evaluated in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis.
  • arthritis was induced by administration of anti-collagen antibodies and lipopolysaccharide in Balb/c mice. See Nandakumar et al. (2003), Am. J. Pathol 163: 1827-1837.
  • the dosage of an irreversible Btk inhibitor for treating a B cell proliferative disorder can be detected, for example, in a xenograft model of a mouse with human B cell lymphoma cells (eg, Ramos cells).
  • a xenograft model of a mouse with human B cell lymphoma cells eg, Ramos cells.
  • an immunodeficient mouse e.g., "root” mouse
  • Pagel et al. (2005), Clin Cancer Res 11(13): 4857-4866 see, for example, Pagel et al. (2005), Clin Cancer Res 11(13): 4857-4866.
  • the therapeutic efficacy of a compound for any of the foregoing diseases can be optimized during the course of the treatment.
  • a subject being treated can undergo a diagnostic assessment to pass and relieve the symptoms or pathology of the disease.
  • the inhibition of in vivo Btk activity obtained by administration of a given dose of an irreversible Btk inhibitor is associated.
  • In vivo activity of the body is associated.
  • activated Btk is phosphorylated in tyrosine 223 (Y223) and tyrosine 551 (Y551)
  • phospho-specific immunocytochemical staining of ⁇ - ⁇ 223 or P-Y551-positive cells can be used for detection or The activation of Bkt in the cell population is quantified (eg, stained relative to unstained cells by FACS analysis). See, for example, Nisitani et al. (1999), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:2221-2226.
  • the amount of Btk inhibitor compound administered to a subject can be increased or decreased as needed to maintain optimal levels of Btk inhibition for treating the condition of the subject.
  • the starting materials used to synthesize the compounds described herein can be synthesized or can be obtained from commercial sources such as, but not limited to, Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin), Bachem (Torrance, California) or Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis). , Mo.).
  • reaction product can be isolated and purified using conventional techniques including, but not limited to, filtration, distillation, crystallization, chromatography, and the like. These products can be characterized using conventional methods, including physical constants And map data.
  • the compounds described herein can be prepared as a single isomer or a mixture of isomers using the synthetic methods described herein.
  • the compounds described herein may have one or more stereocenters and each of the centers may have an R or S configuration.
  • the compounds provided herein include all diastereomers, enantiomers and epimers, and suitable mixtures thereof. If desired, stereoisomers can be obtained by methods known in the art, such as separation of stereoisomers by chiral chromatography.
  • the mixture of diastereomers can be separated into their individual diastereomers based on differences in physicochemical properties using known methods, for example by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization.
  • the enantiomers can be separated by chiral column chromatography.
  • the enantiomers can be separated by conversion of a mixture of enantiomers to a mixture of diastereomers by reaction with a suitable optically active compound (eg, an alcohol) to isolate the non-pair.
  • a suitable optically active compound eg, an alcohol
  • the enantiomers are converted (eg, hydrolyzed) to the individual diastereomers as the corresponding pure enantiomers. All such isomers, including diastereomers, enantiomers, and mixtures thereof, are considered to be part of the compositions described herein.
  • the methods and formulations described herein include the use of N-oxides, crystalline forms (which may also be considered polymorphs), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds described herein, and active metabolites of such compounds having the same type of activity. .
  • the compound may exist as a tautomer. All tautomers are included within the scope of the compounds provided herein.
  • the compounds described herein can exist in the form of unsolvates and solvates in pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. The solvated forms of the compounds presented herein are also considered to be disclosed herein.
  • a reducing agent such as, but not limited to, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, triphenylphosphine, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, phosphorus trichloride, tribromide, etc.
  • a suitable inert organic The non-oxidized form is prepared from the N-oxide in a solvent such as, but not limited to, acetonitrile, ethanol, aqueous dioxane, and the like.
  • the compounds described herein are made into prodrugs.
  • Prodrug means a agent that is converted to the parent drug in the body. Prodrugs are often useful because, in some cases, they can be administered more readily than the parent drug. They can be bioavailable, for example, by oral administration, while parent drugs are not. The prodrug may also have improved solubility in the pharmaceutical composition over the parent drug. Examples of prodrugs are (not limited to) the combinations described herein Substance, which is administered as an ester (the "prodrug") to facilitate transport across the cell membrane, where water solubility is not conducive to this transfer, but it is then metabolically hydrolyzed to a carboxylic acid, an active entity, once it enters the cell Water solubility is beneficial.
  • a further example of a prodrug may be a short peptide (polyglycolic acid) attached to an acid group, wherein the peptide is metabolized to reveal the active moiety.
  • the prodrug is chemically converted to a biological, pharmaceutical or therapeutically active form of the compound when administered in vivo.
  • a prodrug is metabolized by an enzyme into a biological, pharmaceutical or therapeutically active form of the compound by one or more steps or methods.
  • the pharmaceutically active compound is modified to regenerate the active compound when administered in vivo.
  • the prodrug can be designed to alter the metabolic stability or transport characteristics of the drug to mask side effects or toxicity, thereby improving the action of the drug or altering other properties or properties of the drug.
  • prodrugs of the compound see, for example, "Nogrady (1985) Medicinal Chemistry A Biochemical Approach” Oxford University. Press, New York, pp. 388-392; Silverman (1992) The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, pp. 352-401, Saulnier et al. (1994), Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, p. 1985).
  • Prodrugs are often useful because, in some cases, they can be administered more easily than the parent drug. They can be bioavailable, for example, by oral administration, while the parent drug is not. In pharmaceutical compositions, the prodrug may also have improved solubility relative to the parent drug. Prodrugs can be designed as reversible drug derivatives that act as modifiers to enhance drug transport to specific site tissues. In some embodiments, the design of the prodrug increases effective water solubility. See, for example, Fedorak et al, Am. J. Physiol, 269: G210-218 (1995); McLoed et al, Gastroenterol, 106: 405-413 (1994); Hochhaus et al, Biomed. Chrom., 6: 283-286 (1992) J.
  • the compounds described herein include isotopically-labeled compounds that are equivalent to those of the various formulae and structures provided herein, but in fact one or more atoms, having atoms of different atomic mass or mass number and atoms normally found in nature. Replacement.
  • isotopes that can be introduced to these compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine, such as 2 H, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 0, 17 0, 35 S, respectively. 18 F, 36 CL
  • Certain isotopically-labeled compounds described herein, such as those in which radioisotopes such as 3 ⁇ 4 and 14 C are introduced, can be used to determine drug and/or substrate tissue distribution.
  • substitutions with isotopes such as deuterium, i.e., 2 H may afford certain therapeutic advantages due to greater metabolic stability, such as increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage.
  • the compounds described herein are administered to a desired organism to metabolize in their body to produce metabolites which are then used to produce the desired effect, including the desired therapeutic effect.
  • compositions described herein can be made and/or used as pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • Types of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to: (1) acid addition salts formed by reacting the free base form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, metafluoric acid, etc.; or formed by reaction with an organic acid such as acetic acid, propionic acid, caproic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, amber Acid, palmitic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, hydrazine Pit sulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethanedisulf
  • organic bases include ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tridecylamine, N-decylglucosamine, and the like.
  • Acceptable inorganic bases include aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and the like.
  • Corresponding counterions of pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be analyzed and characterized using a variety of methods, Methods include, but are not limited to, ion exchange chromatography, ion chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, inductively coupled plasma, atomic absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, or any combination thereof.
  • the salt is recovered using at least one of the following techniques: filtration, precipitation with a non-solvent followed by filtration, evaporation of the solvent, or lyophilization using an aqueous solution.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts mentioned include solvent addition forms or crystalline forms thereof, especially solvates or polymorphs.
  • the solvate comprises a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of solvent and can be formed during the process of crystallization with a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent such as water, ethanol, and the like.
  • a hydrate is formed when the solvent is water, or an alcoholate is formed when the solvent is an alcohol.
  • solvates of the compounds described herein can be conveniently prepared or formed.
  • the compounds provided herein can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms. In general, the solvate forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the compounds and methods provided herein.
  • the salts mentioned include solvent addition forms or crystalline forms thereof, especially solvates or polymorphs.
  • the solvate comprises a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of solvent and can be formed during the process of crystallization with a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent such as water, ethanol or the like.
  • a hydrate is formed when the solvent is water, or an alcoholate is formed when the solvent is an alcohol.
  • Polymorphs include different crystal packing arrangements of the same elemental composition of the compound. Polymorphs typically have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectroscopy, melting point, density, hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability, and solubility. Various factors such as recrystallization solvent, crystallization rate and storage temperature can result in a single single crystal form.
  • the compounds described herein can be in a variety of forms including, but not limited to, amorphous, spherical, and nanoparticulate forms. Additionally, the compounds described herein include crystalline forms, also known as polymorphs. Polymorphs include different crystal packing arrangements of the same elemental composition of the compound. Polymorphs typically have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared light, melting point, density, hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability, and solubility. Various factors such as recrystallization solvent, crystallization rate and storage temperature can result in a single crystalline form.
  • thermoanalysis methods focus on thermochemical degradation or thermophysical processes, including but not limited to polymorphic transformations, and these methods are used to analyze the relationship between polymorphs, determine weight loss to find the glass transition temperature, or Excipient compatibility studies. These methods include, but are not limited to, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC:), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDCS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and heat. Weight and infrared analysis (TG/IR).
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • MDCS modulated differential scanning calorimetry
  • TGA thermogravimetric analysis
  • TG/IR Weight and infrared analysis
  • X-ray diffraction methods include, but are not limited to, single crystal and powder diffractometers and synchrotron sources.
  • Various spectral techniques used include, but are not limited to, Raman, FTIR, UVIS, and NMR (liquid and solid state).
  • Various microscopy techniques include, but are not limited to, polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), environmental scanning electron microscopy and EDX (under gas or water vapor atmospheres), IR microscopy and Raman microscopy.
  • step 1
  • the compound 4 (0.263 g, 0.813 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of chlorosulfoxide. The reaction was warmed to 80 ° C and stirred for 1 hour and then returned to room temperature. 5 ml of hydrazine was added to the reaction mixture while stirring slowly, and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a brown oil, which was dissolved in 5 mL of dichloromethane. Compound 5 (0.270 g, 0.894 mmol) and diisopropyl Ethylamine (0.1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness. After finally, the M mesh was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • step 1
  • the Btk IC 5 o of the compound of the present invention can be determined by the method described below or the like.
  • Btk kinase activity was determined using a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) method.
  • TR-FRET time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer
  • the assay was performed in a 50 reaction volume using a 96-well assay plate.
  • Kinase, inhibitor, ATP (K m in kinase) and 1 ⁇ peptide substrate (Biotin-AVLESEEELYSSARQ-N3 ⁇ 4) were incubated in reaction buffer ( ⁇ 7.4) for 1 hour, the reaction buffer consisted of 20 mM Tris, 50 mM NaCl, MgCl 2 (5-25 mM, depending on the kinase), MnCl 2 (0-10 mM), I mM DTT.
  • Multimode plate reader Use multimode plate reader (multimode plate reader), TR- FRET signal excitation wavelength of 330 nm (3 ⁇ 4 persons) 615 nm and 665 nm and a detection wavelength ( ⁇ ⁇ 1) under measurement. Activity was determined by the fluorescence ratio at 665 nm to 615 nm. For each compound, the enzymatic activity of the compounds at different concentrations was determined. Negative control reactions were performed in the absence of inhibitors (in triplicate) and two enzyme-free controls were used to determine baseline fluorescence levels. Using the program Batch (Kuzmic et (2000), Anal Biochem 286: .. 45-50) fitting the obtained IC 50.
  • inventive examples 1-37 of the present invention were synthesized according to the above-mentioned synthetic schemes I, II and III.
  • the specific synthetic procedures and characterization of the example compounds are shown in the table below.
  • Table 1 Synthesis of the example compounds and Btk IC 5 . value

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种(氨基苯基氨基)嘧啶基苯甲酰胺类化合物及其合成方法,该化合物具有Btk抑制活性,可用于治疗自身免疫性疾病、异种免疫性疾病、癌症或血栓栓塞疾病。

Description

激酶抑制剂及治疗相关疾病的方法 技术领域
本说明书描述的是 (氨基苯基氨基)嘧啶基苯甲酰胺类化合物的分子结 构,及其合成方法, 以及使用该类化合物抑制激酶的方法和对 B细胞有关的 疾病的治疗。 背景技术
激酶的作用机理是从高能供体分子(如 ATP )转移磷酸基团到特定的分 子, 这一过程称之为磷酸化。 蛋白激酶通过磷酸化来改变特定蛋白的活性, 从而控制并调节蛋白相关的信号传导和对细胞其他作用。 由于蛋白激酶在细 胞信号传导的重要作用,利用小分子化合物对于特定激酶的选择性,有助于深 入了解细胞的信号传导过程。 同时小分子化合物通过调节激酶的活性来控制 细胞的功能, 使蛋白激酶在临床疾病的治疗中成为良好的药物靶点。
布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶(Bruton's tyrosine kinase, Btk ) , 是非受体酪氨酸激 酶 Tec家族的成员。 Btk在造血细胞中 (除 T淋巴细胞和原生质细胞)起到 了关键的信息传导作用,尤其是在自身免疫和炎性疾病发病机制中起重要作 用的 B细胞。 Btk对许多重大的疑难疾病, 例如类风湿性关节炎, 淋巴瘤, 和白血病显示了良好的临床疗效。
Btk在 B细胞的发育, 分化, 繁殖, 激活和存活的过程中起到了关键作 用。 Btk对 B细胞的作用是通过控制 B细胞受体(B-cell receptor, BCR )信 号传导通路得以实现的。 Btk位于 BCR的紧接下游。 在 BCR的剌激下, Btk 将信号传导至下游, 经过一系列的信号传导, 最终导致细胞内的钙动员和蛋 白激酶 C的激活。 X-相连丙种球蛋白血症(又称为布鲁顿综合症, XLA )是 一种罕见的遗传疾病。 这些 XLA患者体内无法产生成熟的 B细胞。 正常的 B细胞通过制造抗体(称为免疫球蛋白)用以抵抗外部的感染。 因为缺乏 B 细胞和抗体, XLA 患者会容易出现严重甚至致命的感染。 进一步的研究发 现, 导致阻止 B细胞发育的直接原因是 Btk的基因突变。 从而证实了 Btk在 正常 B细胞的发育和功能中发挥了极其重要的作用。
Btk在 B细胞有关的癌症中成为令人注目的药物靶点,尤其对 B细胞淋 巴瘤和白血病。
细胞需要 BCR的信号得以生长和繁殖。 由于 Btk是 BCR信号通路中的 不可缺少的主要成员。 Btk抑制剂会阻断 BCR信号并诱导癌细胞凋亡。 目前 有两个 Btk抑制剂在美国和欧洲进入临床治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病( Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Cll )和小淋巴细月包淋巴瘤 ( small lymphocytic lymphoma, Sll ): PCI-32765 (临床三期) 和 AVL-292 (临床一期)。 (参见 SE Herman 等 ( 2011 ), Blood 117 ( 23 ): 6287-96 )。 Btk还与急性淋巴细胞白血病相 关。 急性淋巴细胞白血病是儿童中最常见的癌症, 并在成年患者中有不良的 预后。 遗传分析发现在所有类型的白血病中, 均显示 BTK表达的缺陷。 有 缺陷的 Btk对白血病细胞有保护作用, 使其免受细胞凋亡。
Btk还是自身免疫性疾病治疗的靶点。 类风湿关节炎是一种慢性的自身 免疫性疾病。 Btk是 B细胞的 BCR信号和骨髓细胞的 FC -γ信号的重要组成 部分。 Btk抑制剂预计将减少自身免疫性疾病的两个主要组成部分: 由 B细 胞产生的致病性的自身抗体和髓细胞产生的促炎症细胞因子。 在细胞实验 中, 证实了 Btk抑制剂可以有效地减少自身抗体和促炎症细胞因子。 在胶原 蛋白诱导患关节炎的老鼠中, Btk抑制剂减少了自身抗体在体内的水平, 有 效地控制了疾病。 这些结果对于 Btk在 B细胞或骨髓细胞驱动的疾病过程 中的功能有了新的认识, 并提供了一个针对 Btk治疗类风湿关节炎令人信服 的理由。 (参见 LA Honigberg 等 (2010 ) , Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(29):13075-80o JA Di Paolo等 (201 l),Nat Chem Biol 7(l):41-50. )
Btk在炎性疾病的作用已经通过大鼠嗜碱性自血病细胞( RBL-2H3 )模 型得到证明。 RBL-2H3是研究肥大细胞炎性疾病的常见模型。肥大细胞富含 嗜碱性颗粒, 在免疫球蛋白 E ( IgE ) -介导的过敏性反应起主导作用。 小分 子干扰核糖核酸( small interfering RNA, siR A )和 LFM-A13 (一个有效的 Btk抑制剂) , 可通过降低 Btk的活性来降低肥大细胞引起的炎性反应: 经 siRNA和 LFM-A13 处理的 RBL-2H3肥大细胞中,所释放的促炎调停剂—— 组胺的含量减少了 20-25 %。
文献中还报道了 Btk在异种免疫性疾病和血栓栓塞疾病中作为治疗的靶 点。
因此, 本发明的目的在于提供一类新的用于治疗自身免疫性疾病、 异种 免疫性疾病、 炎性疾病、 癌症、 或血栓栓塞疾病的化合物。 发明内容
在本发明的一个方面中, 提供了
一种式 (I)的化合物, 或其药用可接受的盐:
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中,
W选自 H, C1-6烷基, -(NH-CO)n-L-L3, -(CO-NH)„-L-L3, 和
-(NH-CO)n-NH-L-L3,
其中
L为键, d.3亚烷基, 或 C2.3亚婦基,
Figure imgf000004_0002
所述 C^8环烷基、芳基和杂芳基任选地被 1、 2或 3个选自以下的取代基 取代: 卤素如 F和 Cl, tt, C1-6烷基, (:1-6烷«^, 卤代 (:1-6烷基如全 鹵代 烷基如 CF3
n为整数 0或 1 ,
X选自 H, 卤素如 F和 C1, 和 烷基如曱基, 和 彼此独立地, 相同地或不同地, 选自 H, C(O)和 S(0)2;
L^ L2彼此独立地, 相同地或不同地, 选自任选地被 CW炕基取代的 CM 烯基, 和 d.3烷基 -NHC(0)-C2.3烯基;
前提是当 为11时, 不存在, 以及当 R2为 H时, L2不存在。 在一种优选的实施方案中,
W选自 H, 乙基, -(NH-CO)N-L-L3, -(CO-NH)N-L-L3,和 -(NH-CO)N-NH-L-L3, 其中
L为键或亚乙烯基,
为任选地被 1或 2个选自 F, C1, 氨基, 曱氧基, 和 CF3的取代基取 代的环丙基, 苯基, 萘基, 异噁唑基或苯并 [d][l,3]二氧杂环戊烯基, n为整数 1。 在另一种优选的实施方案中,
X选自 H, F, CI, 和曱基。 在另一种优选的实施方案中,
1^和 彼此独立地, 相同地或不同地, 选自 H, C(O)和 S(0)2;
1^和1^彼此独立地, 相同地或不同地, 选自 C2-3婦基, 和甲基 -NHC(O)-乙 烯基;
前提是当 1^为11时, 不存在, 以及当 R2为 H时, L2不存在。 在另一种优选的实施方案中,
W选自 H, 乙基, -(NH-CO)N-L-L3, -(CO-NH)N-L-L3, 和 -(NH-CO)N-NH-L-L3, 其中
L为键或亚乙烯基,
L3为任选地被 1或 2个选自 F, C1, 氨基, 甲氧基, 和 CF3的取代基取 代的环丙基, 苯基, 萘基, 异噁嗤基或苯并 [d][l,3]二氧杂环戊烯基, n为整数 1,
X选自 H, F, C1, 和曱基,
1^和1 2彼此独立地, 相同地或不同地, 选自 H, C(O)和 S(0)2;
L2彼此独立地, 相同地或不同地, 选自 C2.3烯基, 和甲基 -NHC(O)-乙 烯基; 前提是当 为11时, 1^不存在, 以及当 R2为 H时, L2不存在。 在本发明的另一个方面中, 提供了一种化合物, 其选自:
Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure imgf000007_0001
ZCM00/ZT0ZN3/X3d 860090/εΐΟΖ OAV
Figure imgf000008_0001
-7-
Figure imgf000009_0001
ZCM00/ZT0ZN3/X3d 860090/εΐΟΖ OAV
Figure imgf000010_0001
在本发明的另一个方面中,提供了一种药用组合物,其包含治疗有效量 的本发明化合物和药用可接受的赋形剂。
在本发明的另一个方面中,提供了本发明化合物或本发明组合物在制备 用于治疗以下疾病或状况的药物中的用途: 自身免疫性疾病、 异种免疫性疾 病、 炎性疾病、 癌症、 或血栓栓塞疾病。
在本发明的另一个方面中,提供了用于治疗以下疾病或状况的方法中的 本发明化合物或本发明组合物: 自身免疫性疾病、 异种免疫性疾病、 炎性疾 病、 癌症、 或血栓栓塞疾病。
在本发明的另一个方面中,提供了治疗以下疾病或状况的方法: 自身免 疫性疾病、 异种免疫性疾病、 炎性疾病、 癌症、 或血栓栓塞疾病, 其包括将 本发明化合物或本发明组合物给予需要其的受试者, 例如哺乳动物如人。
在任意的和所有的实施方案中,取代基可以选自所列出的供选择项目的 子集合。 例如, 在一些实施方案中, W选自 H, 乙基, -(NH-CO)n-L-L3, -(CO-NH)n-L-L3,和 -(NH-CO)n-NH-L-L3。在进一步的一些实施方式中, W选 自 -(NH-CO)n-L-L3, -(CO-NH)n-L-L3, 和 -(NH-CO)n-NH-L-L3。 在再进一步的 一些实施方式中, W选自 -(NH-CO)n-L-L3
根据下文的详细描述, 本文描述的方法和组合物的其它目的、特征和优 势将会是显而易见的。 但是, 应该理解的是: 所述详细描述和具体实施例, 虽然给出了具体实施方式, 但是仅仅是以举例说明的方式给出的, 因为从这 一详细描述出发,各种在^开内容的精神和范围内的变化和修改对本领域 技术人员而言将会是显而易见的。本文所用的小节标题是仅仅为了组织的目 的, 而不得解释为对所述主题的限制。 在本申请中所引用的所有文件或文件 部分, 包括但不限于专利、 专利申请、 文章、 书籍、 手册和论文, 通过引用 全部结合到本文中用于任何目的。 具体实施方式
除非另外定义,所有本文使用的科技术语都具有与要求保护的主题所属 领域的技术人员一般理解相同的含义。
标准化学术语的定义可以在文献著作中找到, 包括 Carey和 Sundberg 的《入0¥八>^£0 ORGANIC 01£]\418丁1丫》第四版 A卷 (2000)和 B卷 (2001), Plenum Press, New York, "Cw烷基"是指碳原子为 1-6的烷基, 包括曱基、 乙基、 丙基、 丁基、 戊基和己基, 包括所有可能的异构形式, 例如正丙基和异丙基, 正丁基、 异 丁基、 仲丁基和叔丁基, 等等。 "Cw烷基"包括其中所含的全部子范围, 例 如 C1-2烷基、 d-3烷基、 CM烷基、 C1-5烷基、 C2-5烷基、 C3_5烷基、 C4_5烷基、 C3-4 基、 C3-5 ¾基和 C4-5燒基。
"d_3亚烷基" 包括亚曱基、 亚乙基、 亚丙基和亚异丙基。
"C2-3烯基" 包括乙烯基(-CH=C¾ ) 、 丙烯基(-CH=CHCH3 )和异丙 烯基( -C(CH3)=C¾ ) 。
"( 2_3亚烯基" 包括亚乙烯基 ( -CH=CH- ) 、 亚丙烯基(-CH=CHCH2- ) 和亚异丙烯基( -C(CH3)=CH- ) 。
芳族基团是指平面环具有离域的 π电子系统并且含有 4η+2个 π电子, 其中 η是整数。 芳族基团可以由五、 六、七、八、 九或多于九个环原子构成。 芳族基团可以是任选取代的。 芳族基团包括 "芳基" (环原子仅仅由碳原子 构成)和 "杂芳基" (环原子由碳原子和选自例如氧、 石危和氮的杂原子构成)。 "芳基"和 "杂芳基"包括单环或稠环多环 (即共用相邻的环原子对的环)基团。
"芳基" 的实例包括但不限于苯基、 萘基、 菲基、 蒽基、 芴基和茚基。
" " 的实例包括:
Figure imgf000012_0001
"C3_8环烷基"是指非芳族基团的、 仅含有碳和氢的并且环原子数为 3-8 个碳原子的单环或多环基团, 并且其可以是饱和的、 部分不饱和的或完全不 饱和的。 C3.8环浣基的实例包括以下部分:
Figure imgf000013_0001
是指氟、 氯、 溴和換。
"C1-6烷氧基" 是指 (C1-6烷基) 0-基团, 其中 d.6烷基如本文中定义。
"卤代 d.6烷基" 是指卤素 -(d.6烷基) -基团, 其中 d.6烷基如本文中定 义。 卤代 d_6烷基包括全卤代 6烷基, 其中 烷基中的全部氢原子被卤 素代替, 如 -CF3、 -CH2CF3、 -CF2CF3、 -CH2CH2CF3等。
"任选地被 C 烷基取代的 C2-3烯基" 是指 C2-3烯基或者被 烷基取 代的 C2-3婦基, 其中通过 ( 2-3浠基连接到化合物的主体结构上。
"C1-3烷基 -NHC(0)-C2.3烯基"是指被 C1-3烷基 -NHC(O)-取代的 C2-3烯基, 其中通过 C2-3浠基连接到化合物的主体结构上。
术语"键"是指当通过键连接的原子被视作更大的子结构中的组成部分 时, 介于两个原子、 或两个部分之间的化学键。
本文使用的术语"药用可接受的", 当涉及制剂、 组合物或成分时, 是指 对被治疗的受治疗者的一般健康状况没有持久的不利影响或不损失化合物 的生物活性或性质, 并且相对无毒性。
本文使用的术语"布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶", 是指来自智人 ( omo sapie 的 布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶, 其已公开在例如美国专利第 6326469号 (GenBank登录 号 NP 000052)。
本文使用的术语 "有效量"或"治疗有效量", 是指给予的药物或化合物的 足够量, 其将在一定程度上减轻被治疗的疾病或病症的一种或多种症状。 结 果可以是缩小和 /或减轻征兆、症状或疾病原因或任意其它期望的生物系统的 改变。 例如, 用于治疗用途的"有效量 "是所需提供以使疾病的临床症状显著 减轻、 而不产生过度的毒副作用的组合物量, 所述组合物包括本文公开的化 合物。 对任意个体情况适合的"有效量,,可以使用例如逐步增大剂量研究等技 术来确定。术语"治疗有效量"包括例如预防有效量。本文公开的化合物的 "有 效量"是有效达到所期望的药理效果或治疗改善而没有过度的毒副作用的 量。 可以理解的是, "有效量,,或"治疗有效量"在受治疗者之间可以不同, 原 因在于化合物的新陈代谢、受治疗者年龄、体重、一般状况、被治疗的疾病、 被治疗疾病的严重程度以及开处方医生的判断的不同。 仅举例来说, 治疗有 效量可以是通过常规实验方法来确定, 包括但不限于逐步增大剂量临床试 验。
本文使用的术语激酶的"抑制"、 "抑制的"或"抑制剂 ", 是指磷酸转移酶 活性被抑制。
本文中所述的自身免疫性疾病包括但不限于类风湿性关节炎、 4艮屑病性 关节炎、 骨关节炎、 斯蒂尔病、 青少年关节炎、 狼疮、 糖尿病、 重症肌无力 症、 桥本甲状腺炎、 奥德甲状腺炎、 格雷夫斯病、 类风湿性关节炎综合征、 多发性硬化症、 传染性神经元炎、 急性播散性脑脊髓炎、 阿狄森病、 视性眼 阵挛-肌阵挛综合征、强直性脊推炎、抗磷脂抗体综合征、再生障碍性贫血、 自身免疫性肝炎、 乳糜泻、 古德帕斯彻综合征、 特发性血小板减少性紫癜、 视神经炎、 硬皮病、 原发性胆汁性肝硬化、 莱特尔综合征、 高安动脉炎、 颞 动脉炎、温型自身免疫性溶血性贫血、 韦格纳肉芽肿病、银屑病、全身脱毛、 贝赫切特病、 慢性疲劳、 家族性自主神经功能异常、 子宫内膜异位、 间质性 膀胱炎、 神经肌强直、 硬皮病和外阴痛。
本文中所述的异种免疫性疾病包括但不限于移植物抗宿主病、移植、输 血、 过敏反应、 变态反应 (例如对植物花粉、 乳胶、 药物、 食物、 昆虫毒、 动物毛发、 动物皮屑、 尘螨或蟑螂萼的变态反应)、 I型超敏反应、 过敏性结 膜炎、 过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎。
本文中所述的炎性疾病包括但不限于哮喘、 炎性肠病、 阑尾炎、 睑炎、 细支气管炎、 支气管炎、 粘液嚢炎、 宫颈炎、 胆管炎、 胆嚢炎、 结肠炎、 结 膜炎、 膀胱炎、 泪腺炎、 皮炎、 皮肌炎、 脑炎、 心内膜炎、 子宫内膜炎、 肠 炎、 小肠结肠炎、 上髁炎、 附睾炎、 筋膜炎、 纤维织炎、 胃炎、 胃肠炎、 肝 炎、 化脓性汗腺炎、 喉炎、 乳腺炎、 脑膜炎、 脊髓炎心肌炎、 肌炎、 肾炎、 卵巢炎、 睾丸炎、 骨炎、 耳炎、 胰腺炎、 腮腺炎、 心包炎、 腹膜炎、 咽炎、 胸膜炎、 静脉炎、 局限性肺炎 (pneumonitis)、 肺炎 (pneumonia)、 直肠炎、 前 列腺炎、 肾孟肾炎、 鼻炎、 输印管炎、 鼻窦炎、 口腔炎、 滑膜炎、 腱炎、 扁 桃腺炎、 葡萄膜炎、 阴道炎、 血管炎和外阴炎。
本文中所述的癌症例如 B细胞增生性疾病包括但不限于弥漫性大 B细 胞淋巴瘤、 滤泡性淋巴瘤、 慢性淋巴细胞淋巴瘤、 慢性淋巴细胞白血病、 B 细胞前淋巴细胞性白血病、 淋巴浆细胞淋巴瘤 /瓦尔登斯特伦巨球蛋白血症、 脾边缘区淋巴瘤、 浆细胞性骨髓瘤、 浆细胞瘤、 结外边缘区 B细胞淋巴瘤、 淋巴结边缘区 B细胞淋巴瘤、 套细胞淋巴瘤、 纵隔 (胸腺)大 B细胞淋巴瘤、 血管内大 B细胞淋巴瘤、原发性渗出性淋巴瘤、伯基特淋巴瘤 /白血病和淋 巴瘤样肉芽肿病。
本文中所述的血栓栓塞疾病包括但不限于心肌梗塞、 心绞痛(包括不稳 定心绞痛)、 血管成形术或主动脉冠状动脉分流术后的再阻塞或再狭窄、 中 风、一过性局部缺血、周围动脉闭塞性疾病、肺动脉栓塞和深静脉血栓形成。
对每一个以上提及的疾病的症状、 诊断测定和预后测定是本领域已知 的。 参见例如《Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine®》第 16版, 2004年, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc。 Dey等 (2006), Cytojournal 3(24)和《1^ 186(1 European American Lymphoma》(REAL)分类系统 (参见例如国家癌症研究所 (National Cancer Institute)的运营网站)。
许多动物模型对于建立用于治疗任一前述疾病的不可逆 Btk抑制剂化 合物的治疗有效剂量的范围是有用的。
例如,用于治疗自身免疫性疾病的不可逆 Btk抑制剂化合物的剂量可以 在患类风湿关节炎的小鼠模型中评价。在此模型中, 在 Balb/c系小鼠中通过 给予抗胶原蛋白抗体和脂多糖诱导关节炎。参见 Nandakumar等 (2003), Am. J. Pathol 163:1827-1837。
在其它实例中,用于治疗 B细胞增生性疾病的不可逆 Btk抑制剂的剂量 可以在例如通 i± 与小鼠的异种移植模型中检测,其中人 B细胞淋巴瘤细胞 (例如 Ramos细胞)被植入到免疫缺陷小鼠 (例如 "棵"鼠)体内, 参见例如 Pagel 等 (2005), Clin Cancer Res 11(13):4857-4866。
用于治疗血栓栓塞疾病的动物模型也是已知的。
用于任一前述疾病的化合物的治疗效力可以在治疗过程期间被优化。例 如, 被治疗的受治疗者能经受诊断评估, 以将疾病症状或病理的緩解与通过 给予给定剂量的不可逆 Btk抑制剂获得的体内 Btk活性的抑制相联系。 本领 的体内活性。例如, 由于活化的 Btk在酪氨酸 223(Y223)和酪氨酸 551(Y551) 被磷酸化, 因此 Ρ-Υ223或 P-Y551-阳性细胞的磷酸特异性免疫细胞化学染 色可以用于检测或定量测定细胞群中 Bkt的激活情况 (例如通过 FACS分析染 色的相对于未染色细胞)。 参见例如 Nisitani等 (1999), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:2221-2226。 因此, 给予受治疗者的 Btk抑制剂化合物的量可以根据 需要增加或降低以维持最佳的 Btk抑制水平,用于治疗受治疗者的疾病状态。
用于合成本文描述的化合物的起始原料可以被合成或可以从商业来源 获得, 例如但不限于 Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin)、 Bachem (Torrance, California)或 Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, Mo.)。本文描述的化合 术和原料合成, 例如所述的例如在 March 的 《 ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY》第四版, (Wiley 1992); Carey和 Sundberg的 《ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY》第四版, A卷和 B卷 (Plenum 2000, 2001); Green 和 Wuts的 《PROTECTIVE GROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 》第三版, (Wiley 1999); Fieser和 Fieser的《Reagents for Organic Synthesis》第 1-17卷 (John Wiley and Sons, 1991); 《Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds》第 1-5卷和补充本 (Elsevier Science Publishers, 1989); 《 Organic Reactions》第 1-40卷 (John Wiley and Sons, 1991); 以及 Larock的《 Comprehensive Organic Transformations》 (VCH Publishers Inc., 1989) (通过引用将其全部结合到本文 中)。 用于合成本文描述的化合物的其它方法可以参见国际专利申请公布第 WO 01/01982901号; Arnold等, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 10 (2000) 2167-2170; Burchat等, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 12 (2002) 1687-1690。制备本文公开的化合物的一般方法可以来自本领域已知的 改, 以引入本文提供的分子中的各种部分。 以下的合成方法可以作为指引利 用。
如果需要,反应产物可以使用常规技术分离和纯化,包括但不限于过滤、 蒸馏、 结晶、 色谱等方法。 这些产物可以使用常规方法表征, 包括物理常数 和图谱数据。
本文描述的化合物可以使用本文描述的合成方法制备为单一异构体或 异构体混合物。
本文描述的化合物可以具有一个或多个立构中心,并且每一个中心可以 存在 R或 S构型。本文提供的化合物包括所有非对映异构体、对映异构体和 差向异构体的形式, 及其合适的混合物。 如果需要, 立体异构体可以通过本 领域已知的方法获得, 例如通过手性色谱柱分离立体异构体。
利用已知的方法, 例如通过色谱法和 /或分级结晶, 可以基于物理化学 性质差异, 将非对映异构体的混合物分离为它们的单独的非对映异构体。 在 一个实施方式中,对映异构体可以通过手性柱色谱分离。在其它实施方式中, 可以通过与适当的光学活性化合物 (例如醇)反应, 将对映异构体的混合物转 化为非对映异构体的混合物而分离对映异构体,分离出非对映异构体并转化 (例如水解)单独的非对映异构体为相应的纯的对映异构体。所有这些异构体, 包括非对映异构体、对映异构体及其混合物被认为是本文描述的组合物的组 成部分。
本文描述的方法和制剂包括使用 N-氧化物、 结晶形式 (也可以认为是多 晶型)、 或本文描述的化合物的药用可接受的盐, 以及这些具有相同类型活 性的化合物的活性代谢物。在一些情况下,化合物可以作为互变异构体存在。 所有互变异构体都包括在本文提供的化合物的范围内。 另外, 本文描述的化 合物能以非溶剂化物和溶剂化物的形式存在于药用可接受的溶剂如水、 乙醇 等中。 本文提出的化合物的溶剂化形式也被认为在此公开。
可以通过用还原剂例如但不限于硫、 二氧化硫、 三苯基膦、 硼氢化锂、 硼氢化钠、 三氯化磷、 三溴化物等, 在 0°C至 80°C下和合适的惰性有机溶剂 中, 例如但不限于乙腈、 乙醇、 二噁烷水溶液等中处理, 从 N-氧化物制备 非氧化形式。
在一些实施方式中, 将本文描述的化合物制成前体药物。 "前体药物" 是指剂, 其在体内转化为母体药物。 前体药物经常是有用的, 因为, 在一些 情况下, 它们可以是比母体药物更容易给予。 它们可以例如通过口服给药而 被生物利用, 而母体药物则不可以。 所述前体药物在药用组合物中也可以具 有比母体药物改善的溶解度。 前体药物的实例是 (不限于)将本文描述的化合 物, 其作为酯给予 (所述"前体药物")以促进被传送穿过细胞膜, 其中水溶解 性不利于此转移, 但是其然后被代谢水解为羧酸、 活性实体, 一旦进入到细 胞内, 水溶解性是有益的。 前体药物的进一步的实例可以是连接于酸基的短 肽 (聚氣基酸), 其中肽被代谢以显示活性部分。 在某些实施方式中, 在体内 给药时, 前体药物被化学转化为化合物的生物、 药物或治疗活性形式。 在某 些实施方式中,前体药物通过一个或多个步骤或方法被酶代谢为化合物的生 物、 药物或治疗活性形式。 为生产前体药物, 药物活性化合物被修饰, 以使 该活性化合物在体内给药时再生。所述前体药物可以被设计为改变药物的代 谢稳定性或转运特性, 以掩盖副作用或毒性, 从而改善药物的作用或改变药 物的其它特性或性质。 基于对药效方法和药物体内代谢的知识, 一旦药物活 性化合物是已知的 , 本领域技术人员就能设计出化合物的前体药物 (参见例 如《Nogrady (1985) Medicinal Chemistry A Biochemical Approach》 Oxford University Press, New York, 第 388-392页; Silverman (1992)《The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action》 Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, 第 352-401 页, Saulnier等 (1994), 《Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters》第 4卷, 第 1985页)。
本文描述的化合物的前体药物形式, 其中所述前体药物在体内代谢, 产 生如前所述的、 包括在权利要求的范围内的衍生物。 在一些情况下, 本文所 述的一些化合物可以是其它衍生物或活性的化合物的前体药物。
前体药物经常是有用的, 因为在一些情况下, 与母体药物相比它们可以 被更容易地给药。 它们可以例如通过口服给药而被生物利用, 而其母体药物 则不可以。 在药用组合物中, 相对于母体药物该前体药物也可以具有改善的 溶解度。 前体药物可以被设计为可逆的药物衍生物, 作为改性剂使用以增强 药物转运至特定位点组织。 在一些实施方式中, 前体药物的设计增加了有效 的水溶解性。 参见例如 Fedorak等, Am. J. Physiol, 269:G210-218 (1995); McLoed等, Gastroenterol, 106:405-413 (1994); Hochhaus等, Biomed. Chrom., 6:283-286 (1992); J. Larsen and H. Bundgaard, Int. J. Pharmaceutics, 37, 87 (1987); J. Larsen等, Int. J. Pharmaceutics, 47, 103 (1988); Sinkula等, J. Pharm. Sd., 64:181-210 (1975); T. Higuchi和 V. Stella的《Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems》 the A.C.S. Symposium Series的第 14卷; 和 Edward B. Roche的 《Carriers in Drug Design》 American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, 在此通过引用将其全部结合到本文中。
本文描述的化合物包括同位素标记的化合物,其与那些本文所述的提供 的各种分子式和结构相等, 但事实上一个或多个原子、被具有原子不同原子 量或质量数与自然界中通常发现的原子置换。可以被引入至这些化合物的同 位素的实例包括, 氢、 碳、 氮、 氧、 氟和氯的同位素, 例如分别为 2H、 、 13C、 14C、 15N、 180、 170、 35S、 18F、 36CL 某些同位素标记的本文描述的化 合物, 例如那些其中的放射性同位素, 如 ¾和 14C被引入, 可以用于测定 药物和 /或底物组织分布。 再者, 用同位素如氘, 即 2H的取代, 由于更大的 代谢的稳定性, 能获得某些治疗优点, 例如增加的体内半衰期或减少需要剂 量。
在另外的或进一步的实施方式中,将本文描述的化合物给予有需要的生 物体后在其体内代谢产生代谢物, 所产生的代谢物然后用于产生期望的效 果, 包括期望的治疗效果。
本文描述的化合物可以被制成和 /或被用作药用可接受的盐。 药用可接 受的盐的类型包括但不限于: (1)酸加成盐、通过将化合物的游离碱形式与药 用可接受的无机酸反应形成, 所述无机酸如盐酸、 氢溴酸、 硫酸、 硝酸、 磷 酸、 偏嶙酸等; 或与有机酸反应形成, 所述有机酸如乙酸、 丙酸、 己酸、 环 戊烷丙酸、 羟基乙酸、 丙酮酸、 乳酸、 丙二酸、 琥珀酸、 苹杲酸、 马来酸、 反丁烯二酸、 三氟乙酸、 酒石酸、 柠檬酸、 苯曱酸、 3-(4-羟基苯曱酰基)苯 曱酸、 肉桂酸、 扁桃酸、 曱坑磺酸、 乙烷磺酸、 1,2-乙二磺酸、 2-羟基乙磺 酸、 酸、 曱^ ^酸、 酸、 4-曱基双环 -[2.2.2]辛 -2-烯小曱酸、 葡庚 糖酸、 4,4'-亚曱基双 -(3-羟基 -2-烯小曱酸)、 3-苯基丙酸、 三曱基乙酸、 叔丁 基乙酸、 十二烷基硫酸、 葡糖酸、 谷氨酸、 羟基萘酸、 水杨酸、 硬脂酸、 粘 康酸等; (2) 盐, 其在母体化合物中的酸性质子被金属离子置换时形成, 例 如碱金属离子 (例如锂、 钠、 钾)、 碱土金属离子 (例如镁或钙)或铝离子; 或 与有机碱配位。可接受的有机碱包括乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、三曱胺、 N-曱基葡萄糖胺, 等等。 可接受的无机碱包括氢氧化铝、 氢氧化钙、 氢氧化 钾、 碳酸钠、 氢氧化钠等。
药用可接受的盐的相应的平衡离子可以使用各种方法分析和鉴定,所述 方法包括但不限于离子交换色谱、 离子色 i普、 毛细管电泳、 电感耦合等离子 体、 原子吸收光谱、 质谱或它们的任何组合。
使用以下技术的至少一种回收所述盐: 过滤、 用非溶剂沉淀接着过滤、 溶剂蒸发, 或水溶液的情况下使用冻干法。
应该理解,提及的药用可接受的盐包括溶剂加入形式或其晶体形式, 尤 其是溶剂化物或多晶型。 溶剂化物包含化学计量的或非化学计量的溶剂量, 并且可以在与药用可接受的溶剂如水、 乙醇等结晶的过程期间形成。 当溶剂 是水时形成水合物, 或当溶剂是醇时形成醇化物。 本文描述的方法中, 本文 描述的化合物的溶剂化物可以被方便地制备或形成。 另外, 本文提供的化合 物能以非溶剂化物及溶剂化物形式存在。 通常, 溶剂化物形式认为与非溶剂 化物形式等价, 用于本文提供的化合物和方法的目的。
应该理解,提及的盐包括溶剂加入形式或其晶体形式,特别是溶剂化物 或多晶型。 溶剂化物包含化学计量的或非化学计量的溶剂量, 并且可以在与 药用可接受的溶剂如水、 乙醇等结晶的过程期间形成。 当溶剂是水时形成水 合物, 或当溶剂是醇时形成醇化物。 多晶型包括化合物的相同元素组成的不 同晶体堆积排列。 多晶型通常具有不同的 X射线衍射图、 红外光 i普、 熔点、 密度、 硬度、 晶体形状、 光学和电学性质、 稳定性和溶解性。 各种因素如再 结晶溶剂、 结晶速率和储存温度可以导致单一的单晶体形式为主。
本文描述的化合物可以是各种形式, 包括但不限于无定形、球形和纳米 颗粒形式。 另外, 本文描述的化合物包括结晶形式, 也称为多晶型。 多晶型 包括化合物的相同元素组成的不同晶体堆积排列。 多晶型通常具有不同的 X 射线衍射图、 红外光讲、 熔点、 密度、 硬度、 晶体形状、 光学和电学性质、 稳定性和溶解性。 各种因素如再结晶溶剂、 结晶速率和储存温度可以导致单 一的结晶形式为主。
筛选和表征药用可接受的盐、 多晶型和 /或溶剂化物可以使用多种技术 完成, 所述技术包括但不限于热分析、 X射线衍射、 光谱、 蒸汽吸着和显微 镜方法。 热分析方法着重于热化学降解或热物理过程, 其包括但不限于多晶 型变换, 并且这些方法用于分析多晶型之间的关系, 测定失重, 以发现玻璃 化转变温度, 或者用于赋形剂相容性研究。 这些方法包括但不限于差示扫描 量热法 (DSC:)、 调制差示扫描量热法 (MDCS)、 热重量分析法 (TGA)、 以及热 重量和红外分析 (TG/IR)。X射线衍射方法包括但不限于单晶体和粉末衍射计 和同步加速器源。 使用的各种光谱技术包括但不限于 Raman、 FTIR、 UVIS 和 NMR (液体和固体状态)。 各种显微镜技术包括但不限于偏振光显微镜检 术、 扫描电子显微镜检术 (SEM)与能量分散 X射线分析 (EDX)、 环境扫描电 子显微镜检术与 EDX (在气体或水蒸汽气氛下)、 IR 显微镜检术和拉曼 (Raman)显微镜检术。
在整个此说明书之中 , 基团及其取代基可以由本领域技术人员进行选 择, 以提供稳定的部分和化合物。 实施例
以下具体的非限制性实施例将被解释为仅仅是说明性的,并不以任何方 式限制本公开。 虽然无需进一步详细描述, 但是可以相信本领域技术人员能 基于本文的描述, 完全利用本公开。
化合物的合成
合成方案 I
步骤 1:
Figure imgf000021_0001
yield: 58%
间苯二胺( 0.500 g, 4.62 mmol ) , (Boc)20 ( 0.92 mL, 4.02 mmol )和三乙 胺 ( 1.4 mL, 9.98 mmol )加至已经降温到 0。C的 1,4-二氧六环和水的混合溶 剂体系中 (30 mL, 2:l V/V ) 。 该反应体系在 0 °C下搅拌 1小时后, 恢复至 室温继续搅拌 10个小时。 反应液经减压浓缩得到黄色油状物, 该油状物被 乙酸乙酯溶解后, 依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、 饱和食盐水洗涤, 最终有 ^ 目 用硫酸镁干燥, 过滤并减压浓缩。 浓缩物用硅胶柱层析纯化(正已烷: 乙酸 乙酯 = 10:1~8:1〜4:1~2:1〜1:1 )得到化合物 2 ( 0.48 g,产率: 58% )为白色固 体。 步骤 2:
Figure imgf000022_0001
yield: 89%
化合物 2 (0.352 g, 1.69 mmol)和 2-氯 -5-硝基嘧啶( 0.270 g, 1.69 mmol ) 先溶于 12 mL乙腈中。 然后在该溶液中加入碳酸钾 ( 0.702 g, 5.08 mmol )。 整个反应体系在室温下搅拌 3个小时后, 将反应溶剂用减压旋蒸去除后, 浓 缩物用乙酸乙酯溶解后, 依次用水、 饱和食盐水洗涤。 最终有机相用硫酸钠 干燥后, 减压浓缩, 以硅胶柱层析纯化(正己垸: 乙酸乙酯 =
4:1~3:1〜2:1~1:1〜1:3)得到产物 3(0.50g,产率: 89%)为黄色固体。 步骤:
BocHN
Figure imgf000022_0002
化合物 3 ( 0.500 g, 1.51 mmol )和钯碳 ( 0.16g质量分数: 5% )加入一 个 25ml的两口烧瓶中, 在保持緩慢搅拌下 10ml曱醇加入该反应体系中。 整个反应体系中的空气被氮气替换后,一个充有足够氢气的氢气球被接到该 体系上, 而后反应体系里面的氮气被气球中的氢气置换(三次)。 反应体系 在室温下保持搅拌 3个小时后终止反应,反应液用砂芯漏斗滤去残留钯碳得 到棕色滤液。 滤液浓缩后, 以硅胶柱层析纯化(正己烷: 乙酸乙酯 = 1:1〜1:2〜1:4~1:6)得到产物 4 (0.45 g,产率: 100%)为黄色固体。
Figure imgf000022_0003
5
3-三氟甲基苯甲酸( 0.500 g, 2.63 mmol ) 于 5 mL氯化亚砜中, 该 反应体系升温至 80。C保持搅拌回流 1个小时后, 降温至室温。 反应液在保 持緩慢搅拌下加入 10ml曱苯后, 减压旋蒸浓缩至浅黄色油状物。 该浓缩物 用 15ml二氯甲烷溶解后,在此溶液中加入 5- J^-2-曱基苯曱酸 ( 0.478 g, 3.16 mmol )和二异丙基乙胺(O.l mL ),该反应体系在室温下搅拌过^^析出大 量白色固体。 反应液减压浓缩后用 ^于乙酸乙酯中, 依次用饱和氯化铵溶 液和饱和食盐水洗涤, 最终有 ^ 目用无水硫酸钠干燥, 减压浓缩, 以硅胶柱 层析純化得到产物 5 ( 0.68 g,产率: 80% )为白色固体。
Figure imgf000023_0001
化合物 4 ( 0.263 g, 0.813 mmol ) ^于 3 mL氯化亚砜中 , 该反应体系 升温至 80 °C搅拌回流 1个小时后, 恢复至室温。 5ml曱苯在保持緩慢搅拌 下加入反应液中, 反应液减压浓缩得到褐色油状物, 该浓缩物用 5 mL二氯 甲烷溶解后,加入化合物 5 ( 0.270 g, 0.894 mmol )和二异丙基乙胺( 0.1 mL )。 最终的反应体系室温搅拌过夜, 反应液减压浓缩至固体, 该残留物溶于乙酸 乙酯后依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、 饱和食盐水洗涤。 最终有 M目以无水硫酸 镁干燥后减压浓缩, 浓缩物用硅胶柱层析纯化(正己烷: 乙酸乙酯 = 2:1~1 : 1〜1 :2~1 :4 )得到化合物 6 ( 0.451 g,产率: 92% )为黄色固体。
Figure imgf000023_0002
化合物 6 ( 0.278 g, 0.458 mmol )分散于 2 mL二氯曱烷中, 在保持搅拌 下 2 mL三氟乙酸慢慢的滴入反应体系中。 最终的反应体系在室温下保持搅 拌 1小时后, 减压浓缩得到固状物。该残留物用乙酸乙酯溶解后依次用 10% 氢氧化钠溶液和饱和食盐水洗涤。 最终有 目以无水硫酸镁干燥后减压浓 缩, 浓缩物用硅胶柱层析纯化(正己烷: 乙酸乙酯 = 1:1~1:2~1:4 )得到产物 7 ( 0.193 g,产率: 83% )为白色固体。 合成方案 II:
Figure imgf000024_0001
化合物 7( 0.080 g, 0.16 mmol 于 THF和水的混合溶剂中( 4 mL, 1:1 V/V ), 然后加入二异丙基乙胺( 27 L, 0.16 mmol ) 。 在保持緩慢搅拌下, 丙烯酰氯( 13 L, 0.16 mmol )緩慢的滴入反应体系中。反应液在室温下搅拌 2个小时后, 减压浓缩, 残留物用乙酸乙酯溶解后依次用 10%的柠檬酸溶液 和饱和食盐水洗涤。 最终有 目以无水硫酸镁干燥后减压浓缩, 浓缩物用硅 胶柱层析纯化(正己烷: 乙酸乙酯 = 1:卜1:2 )得产物8 ( 8011¾,产率: 89% ) 为白色粉末状固体。 合成方案 III
步骤 1 :
ΚΟΗ, H20/Dioxane
H2N^COOH + (Boc)20 ― BocHN COOH
9
甘氨酸( 1.00 g, 13.3 mmol )溶解于氢氧化钾水溶液和 1, 4-二氧六环的 混合溶剂中( 40 mL, 1:1 V/V )。 (Boc)20(3.7 mL, 16.0 mmol)加入到该反应溶 液中。 反应体系常温搅拌 12小时后, 反应液减压浓缩, 浓缩物用乙酸乙酯 溶解后, 依次用 10%硫酸氢钠溶液、 饱和食盐水洗涤。 最终有 M目以无水硫 酸钠干燥后减压浓缩得到粗产物 9 ( 2.33 g,产率: 100% )为类白色固体。 步骤 2:
Figure imgf000025_0001
化合物 7( 0.090 g, 0.177 mmol ), Boc保护的甘氨酸 9(0.032 g, 0.213 mmol) 和 HATU(0.101 g, 0.266 mmol)溶于 3 mL DMF中,在保持緩慢搅拌下加入二 异丙基乙胺 (44 μL, 0.266 mmol), 反应液在室温下保持搅拌 1小时后, 溶剂 用减压旋蒸去除后, 残留物溶于乙酸乙酯, 然后依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和 饱和食盐水洗涤。 最终的有机相以无水硫酸镁干燥后, 过滤, 减压浓缩, 以 硅胶柱层析纯化(正己烷: 乙酸乙酯 = 1:1~1:2〜1:4 )得到产物 10 ( 0.106 g, 产率: 90% )为白色固体。
Figure imgf000025_0002
化合物 10 ( 0.102 g, 0.154 mmol )分散于 2 mL二氯曱烷中, 在保持搅拌 下将 2 mL三氟乙酸慢慢的滴入反应体系中。 最终的反应体系在室溫下保持 搅拌 1小时后,减压浓缩得到固状物。该残留物用乙酸乙酯溶解后依次用 10% 氢氧化钠溶液和饱和食盐水洗涤。 最终有机相以无水硫酸镁干燥后, 减压浓 缩, 真空干燥过夜后得到产物 11 ( 0.080 g,产率: 92% )为白色固体。
Figure imgf000025_0003
化合物 11 ( 0.050 g, 0.089 mmol ) ^^于 THF和水的混合溶剂中( 2 mL: 1: 1 V/V ), 然后加入二异丙基乙胺( 18 pL, 0.11 mmol )。在保持緩慢搅拌下, 丙烯酰氯( 14 0.18 mmol )緩慢的滴入反应体系中。反应液在室温下搅拌 2个小时后,减压浓缩, 残留物用乙酸乙酯溶解后依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、 饱和食盐水洗涤。 最终有 ^ 目以无水硫酸镁干燥后减压浓缩, 浓缩物用硅胶 柱层析纯化(正己烷: 乙酸乙酯 = 1:2〜1:4〜1:8〜100%EA )得产物 12 ( 43 mg, 产率: 79% )为白色固体。
Btk的体外抑制活性分析
在无细胞激酶测定中 ,可用如下所述的方法或类似方法测定本发明化合 物的 Btk IC5o。
使用时间分辨荧光共振能量转移 (time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer) (TR-FRET)方法测定 Btk激酶活性。 使用 96孔测定板, 在 50 反应体积中进行测定。 将激酶、 抑制剂、 ATP (在激酶的 Km)和 1 μΜ肽 底物 (生物素 -AVLESEEELYSSARQ-N¾)在反应緩冲液 (ρΗ 7.4)中孵育 1 小 时, 所述反应緩冲液由 20 mM Tris、 50 mM NaCl、 MgCl2 (5-25 mM, 取决于 激酶)、 MnCl2 (0-10 mM)、 I mM DTT. O.l mM EDTA, 0.01%牛血清白蛋白、 0.005%吐温 -20和 10% DMSO组成。 通过加入 25 的 lx Lance緩冲液 (Perkin-Elmer)中的 1.2当量的 EDTA (相对于二价阳离子)猝灭反应物。 在 25 μ 体积中加入链霉亲和素 -APC (Perkin-Elmer)和 Eu标记的 p-Tyrl00抗体 (Perkin-Elmer)的 lx Lance緩冲液, 分别得到终浓度为 100 nM和 2.5 nM, 将 该混合物温育 1小时。使用多模式读板仪 (multimode plate reader), 330 nm的 激发波长 (人¾)及 615 nm和 665 nm的检测波长 (λΕπ1)下测量 TR-FRET信号。 通过 665 nm与 615 nm下的荧光比确定活性。 对每一种化合物, 测定了不同 浓度化合物下的酶活性。 阴性对照反应在缺少抑制剂情况下进行 (做六个一 式两份), 并且用两个无酶对照来确定基线荧光水平。 使用程序 Batch (Kuzmic等 (2000), Anal. Biochem. 286:45-50)拟合获得 IC50。 按照上述合成方案 I、 II和 III, 合成本发明的实施例化合物 1-37。 具体 合成步骤和实施例化合物的表征如下表所示。在 Btk的体外抑制活性分析中, 测定了本发明的实施例化合物 1-37的 IC5。值, 并且在下表中, 按照 IC50值 所处区间给出 IC5。值, 其中 "+++"代表 IC50 < 100nM; "++"代表 100nM< IC50 <1000nM; "+"代表 1000nM<IC5o<10000nM。 表 1 实施例化合物的合成和 Btk IC5。值
Figure imgf000027_0001
Figure imgf000028_0001
Figure imgf000029_0001
ZC1^l00/Il0IN3/13d 86009 /ei l ΟΛΛ
Figure imgf000030_0001
类似于化合
物 1, 但在 HRMS (ESI) m/z
合成方案 calculated for
I
C28H24C1N603
步骤 4中用
HN、c 0 (M+H)+: +++
3-氯苯甲酸 527.1598, found :
代替 3-三氟 527.1576
c力 甲基苯曱酸 类似于化合 HRMS (ESI) m/z
物 1, 但在 calculated for
合成方案 I C28H23FN6Na03
(M+Na)+
步骤 4中用
533.1713, found : +++ 3-氟苯曱酸 533.1709
代替 3-三氟
甲基苯甲酸
类似于化合
物 1 , 但在
HRMS (ESI) m/z
合成方案 I calculated for
步 4中用 C26H24N704
(M+H)+: ++
O HN、 5-甲基异噁
498.1890, found :
唑 -4-甲酸
498.1891
代替 3-三氟
O-N 曱基苯曱酸
类似于化合
物 1, 但在 HRMS (ESI) m/z
合成方案 I calculated for
步 4中用 C30H29N7NaO3
(M+Na)+
O H ^O 3- (二曱基 +++
558.2230, found: 氨基)苯甲 558.2242
、 酸代替 3-三
氟曱基苯甲
1
类似于化合 HRMS (ESI) m/z
物 1 , 但在 calculated for
合成方案 I C25H24N6Na03
(M+Na)+
步骤 4中用
479.1808, found : ++
0 HN、c 0 环丙烷曱酸 479.1820
代替 3-三氟
甲基苯曱酸
Figure imgf000032_0001
ZCM00/Z10ZN3X3d 860090/εΐΟΖ OAV
Figure imgf000033_0001
Figure imgf000034_0001
ZCM00/ll0l 3/13d 860090/Π0Ζ OAV
Figure imgf000035_0001
If1-I00/Z10ZN3/I3d 860090/C10Z OAV
Figure imgf000036_0001
Z£n00IZi0ZSL3/L3d 860090/£10Ζ OAV 玄( i
\09V£6t ( ^
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Figure imgf000037_0001
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Figure imgf000037_0002
+(Η+ίΜ) ^ ¾ " )-£
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JOJ 3}BJtlD|B3
Z/∞(IS3)SW¾H
^^玄
(HI 's)
SV(HI 'ZH 8'Z.'£'l
= "PP)0^9 '(HI
'ZHOS'OI = "'PP)
Z6'9 '(Ηΐ 'ZH 08 =
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Figure imgf000037_0003
I 辜 令
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Figure imgf000038_0001
可以理解的是, 本文描述的实施例和实施方式仅用于举例说明的目的, 括在本文申请的精神和范围和随附的权利要求书的范围内。本文引用的所有 出版物、 专利和专利申请都通过引用全部结合到本文中用于所有的目的。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种式 (I)的化合物, 或其药用可接受的盐:
Figure imgf000039_0001
其中,
W选自 H, C1-6烷基, -(NH-CO)n-L-L3, -(CO-NH)n-L-L3, 和
-(NH-CO)„-NH-L-L3,
其中
L为键, C1-3亚烷基, 或 C2-3亚烯基,
L3为任选地被 1、 2或 3个选自以下的取代基取代的 C3-8环烷基, 芳基, 或杂芳基: 卤素, 氨基, 烷基, d_6烷氧基, 卤代 Cw烷基, η为整数 0或 1,
X选自 Η, 卤素, 和 (^.6烷基,
Rj和 R2彼此独立地, 相同地或不同地, 选自 H, C(O)和 S(0)2;
1^和1^2彼此独立地, 相同地或不同地, 选自任选地被 cw烷基取代的 c2_3 烯基, 和 C1-3烷基 -NHC(0)-C2-3烯基;
前提是当 为11时, !^不存在, 以及当 R2为 H时, L2不存在。
2. 根据权利要求 1的化合物, 或其药用可接受的盐, 其中
W选自 H, 乙基, -(NH-CO)n-L-L3, -(CO-NH)n-L-L3,和 -(NH-CO)n-NH-L-L3, 其中
L为键或亚乙烯基,
为任选地被 1或 2个选自 F, Cl, 氨基, 甲氧基, 和 CF3的取代基取 代的环丙基, 苯基, 萘基, 异噁峻基或苯并 [d][l,3]二氧杂环戊烯基, n为整数 1。
3. 根据权利要求 1的化合物, 或其药用可接受的盐, 其中
X选自 H, F, C1, 和曱基。
4. 根据权利要求 1的化合物, 或其药用可接受的盐, 其中
和 彼此独立地, 相同地或不同地, 选自 H, C(O)和 S(0)2; 1^和12彼此独立地, 相同地或不同地, 选自 C2_3烯基, 和曱基 -NHC(O)-乙 烯基;
前提是当 为11时, 1^不存在, 以及当 R2为 H时, L2不存在。
5. 根据权利要求 1的化合物, 或其药用可接受的盐, 其中
W选自 H, 乙基, -(NH-CO)n-L-L3, -(CO-NH)n-L-L3, 和 -(NH-CO)n-NH-L-L3, 其中
L为键或亚乙烯基,
L3为任选地被 1或 2个选自 F, C1, 曱氧基, 和 CF3的取代基取 代的环丙基, 苯基, 萘基, 异噁唑基或苯并 [d][l,3]二氧杂环戊婦基, n为整数 1,
X选自 H, F, C1, 和甲基,
R!和 R2彼此独立地, 相同地或不同地, 选自 H , C(O)和 S(0)2;
!^和!^彼此独立地, 相同地或不同地, 选自 C2_3烯基, 和曱基 -NHC(O)-乙 烯基;
前提是当 R1为H时, !^不存在, 以及当 R2为 H时, L2不存在。
6. 一种化合物, 其选自:
Figure imgf000040_0001
義∑ u/:囊lud ios OiA
Figure imgf000041_0001
Figure imgf000042_0001
860090/£l0i OAV
Z£M00/ZT0ZMDX3d /u/u/〇 SHOOissild 86009020ZM
Figure imgf000043_0001
WO 2013/060098
Figure imgf000044_0001
Figure imgf000044_0002
Figure imgf000044_0003
Figure imgf000044_0004
Figure imgf000045_0001
Figure imgf000045_0002
7. 一种药用组合物, 其包含治疗有效量的权利要求 1-6中任一项的化 合物和药用可接受的赋形剂。
8. 权利要求 1-6中任一项的化合物或权利要求 Ί的药用组合物在制备 用于治疗以下疾病或状况的药物中的用途: 自身免疫性疾病、 异种免疫性疾 病、 炎性疾病、 癌症、 或血栓栓塞疾病。
9. 用于治疗以下疾病或状况的方法中的权利要求 1-6中任一项的化合 物或权利要求 7的药用组合物: 自身免疫性疾病、 异种免疫性疾病、 炎性疾 病、 癌症、 或血栓栓塞疾病。
10. 一种治疗以下疾病或状况的方法: 自身免疫性疾病、 异种免疫性疾 病、 炎性疾病、 癌症、 或血栓栓塞疾病, 其包括将权利要求 1-6中任一项的 化合物或权利要求 7的药用组合物给予需要其的受试者, 优选地人。
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US9782406B2 (en) 2011-10-25 2017-10-10 Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Kinase inhibitor and method for treatment of related diseases
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