WO2013058345A1 - 68Ge-68Gaジェネレータ用のGe吸着剤 - Google Patents
68Ge-68Gaジェネレータ用のGe吸着剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013058345A1 WO2013058345A1 PCT/JP2012/077033 JP2012077033W WO2013058345A1 WO 2013058345 A1 WO2013058345 A1 WO 2013058345A1 JP 2012077033 W JP2012077033 W JP 2012077033W WO 2013058345 A1 WO2013058345 A1 WO 2013058345A1
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- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/42—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the development mode, e.g. by displacement or by elution
- B01D15/424—Elution mode
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
- B01J20/282—Porous sorbents
- B01J20/285—Porous sorbents based on polymers
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3071—Washing or leaching
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
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- B01J20/3425—Regenerating or reactivating of sorbents or filter aids comprising organic materials
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
- B01J20/345—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture
- B01J20/3475—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture in the liquid phase
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- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0009—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid alpha-D-Glucans, e.g. polydextrose, alternan, glycogen; (alpha-1,4)(alpha-1,6)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)(alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. isolichenan or nigeran; (alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. pseudonigeran; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0021—Dextran, i.e. (alpha-1,4)-D-glucan; Derivatives thereof, e.g. Sephadex, i.e. crosslinked dextran
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/02—Dextran; Derivatives thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
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- G21G1/0005—Isotope delivery systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
- G21G1/00—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
- G21G1/001—Recovery of specific isotopes from irradiated targets
- G21G2001/0021—Gallium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Ge adsorbent for a 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator.
- the 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator means an apparatus for taking out 68 Ga generated from 68 Ge.
- PET Positron Emission Tomography
- PET can also be used in delivery facilities that receive 18 F-FDG from large facilities with other cyclotrons.
- the delivery cost will be high. There is a problem.
- the present inventors have focused on the 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator and have developed a Ge adsorbent.
- the 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator utilizes the radiation equilibrium between a long-lived 68 Ge (parent nuclide) with a half-life of 271 days and a short-lived 68 Ga (daughter nuclide) with a half-life of 68 minutes.
- 68 Ga generated from 68 Ge adsorbed on the adsorbent is taken out.
- the Ge adsorbent used in the Ge-68 Ga generator adsorbs only 68 Ge, can be eluted 68 Ga-generated from 68 Ge, namely 68 Ge is high adsorption selectivity is obtained.
- the conventional adsorbent for 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator as described in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 is an inorganic adsorbent, and has a problem of low 68 Ge adsorption selectivity.
- Patent Document 1 a polymer obtained by introducing N-methylglucamine into a glycidyl methacrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer is proposed as a Ge adsorbent.
- Patent Document 2 describes that chelate-forming fibers in which amino groups derived from diethanolamine, monoethanolamine and the like are introduced in the molecule of plant fibers such as cotton are used for removing germanium in an aqueous solution.
- Patent Document 2 does not describe any group derived from N-methylglucamine or the like (“glucamine group” in the present invention). Further, Patent Document 2 does not describe any 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator.
- Non-Patent Document 3 describes the use of Sephadex (cross-linked dextran) to recover 68 Ge from molybdenum irradiated with protons. However, Non-Patent Document 3 only describes the use of Sephadex itself, that is, an unmodified crosslinked dextran, and does not describe any use of a crosslinked dextran having a glucamine group introduced therein.
- the present inventors have proposed a polymer obtained by introducing N-methylglucamine into a glycidyl methacrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer as a Ge adsorbent in Patent Document 1.
- a diagnostic agent having a small volume and a high specific activity in other words, a diagnostic agent having a high concentration of positron-emitting nuclides
- the Ge adsorbent for 68 Ge-68 Ga generator in order to be able to elute sufficiently 68 Ga even with a small amount of eluent has been required to be improved 68 Ga-elution rate.
- the present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-described circumstances, and the object thereof is high in 68 Ge adsorption selectivity and improved 68 Ga elution rate from the prior art disclosed in Patent Document 1 68. It is to provide a Ge adsorbent for a Ge- 68 Ga generator.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. * Indicates a binding position.
- An adsorbent which is a polysaccharide polymer having a glucamine group represented by: [2] The adsorbent according to the above [1], wherein the polysaccharide polymer is crosslinked dextran or crosslinked cellulose. [3] The adsorbent according to [1], wherein the polysaccharide polymer is a crosslinked dextran. [4] The adsorbent according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein R 1 is a methyl group.
- a 68 Ge— 68 Ga generator comprising the adsorbent according to any one of [1] to [4].
- [6] A method for producing a 68 Ga-containing liquid using a 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator, After 68 Ge is adsorbed to the adsorbent according to any one of the above [1] to [4], an eluent is caused to flow through the adsorbent, and 68 Ga generated from 68 Ge is introduced into the eluent. Elution method.
- the Ge adsorbent for the 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator of the present invention exhibits an excellent 68 Ga elution rate.
- Example 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the time when the adsorbent of the present invention (Sepha (10) -MG to Sepha (75) -MG) measured in Example 1 was contacted and shaken with a 68 Ge aqueous solution and the 68 Ge adsorption rate. .
- the Ge adsorbent for the 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator of the present invention has a glucamine group.
- the glucamine group represented by the above formula (1) or (2), is derived from glucamine group: groups derived from (R 1 a hydrogen atom) or an N- alkyl glucamine (R 1: Alkyl group). Both glucamine and N-alkylglucamine may be D-form or L-form.
- the glucamine group represented by the formula (1) is derived from D-form glucamine or N-alkylglucamine
- the glucamine group represented by formula (2) is derived from the L-form glucamine or N-alkylglucamine. .
- the Ge adsorbent of the present invention may have only one kind of glucamine group, or two or more kinds of glucamine groups (for example, a glucamine group represented by the formula (1) and a formula (2). May have a glucamine group).
- the glucamine group strongly adsorbs Ge by dehydration condensation with germanic acid (Ge (OH) 4 ).
- Ga does not cause such dehydration condensation and does not strongly adsorb. Conceivable. Under such a presumed mechanism, it is considered that the Ge adsorbent of the present invention having a glucamine group exhibits excellent 68 Ge adsorption selectivity.
- the alkyl group for R 1 may be linear or branched, but for the formation of a glucamine group, a linear chain with less steric hindrance is preferred.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group for R 1 is preferably 1 to 8, more preferably 1 to 4.
- Examples of the alkyl group for R 1 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a butyl group. Among these, a methyl group is preferable.
- the Ge adsorbent for 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator is a polysaccharide polymer.
- the polysaccharide polymer include dextran, cellulose, agarose, pullulan and the like.
- the polysaccharide polymer may be subjected to modification such as crosslinking. Note that dextran and pullulan, which are unmodified, are water-soluble and cannot be used as Ge adsorbents, so they must be insoluble in water by crosslinking or the like.
- Polysaccharide polymers are commercially available. Examples of commercially available dextran-based polymers include Sephadex and Sephacryl manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan. Examples of commercially available cellulose polymers include Cellufine® Folmyl and Cellufine® GH25 manufactured by Chisso Corporation. Examples of commercially available agarose polymers include Sepharose 6B manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich. Moreover, what was manufactured by the well-known method may be used for a polysaccharide polymer.
- cross-linked dextran for example, Sephadex manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan
- cross-linked cellulose for example, Cellufine Folmyl, Cellufine GH25 manufactured by Chisso
- degree of cross-linking of a cross-linked polysaccharide polymer is determined based on the swelling constant (unit: mL / g) (ie, dried cross-linked polysaccharide polymer (1 g) is 0.01 M phosphoric acid.
- the volume can be specified by the volume (mL) of the crosslinked polysaccharide-based polymer after swelling after being left in a buffer solution (pH 7) at room temperature for 24 hours.
- This swelling constant is preferably from 1 to 20 (mL / g), more preferably from 2 to 8 (mL / g), and even more preferably from 2.5 to 68, from the viewpoint of the 68 Ge adsorption amount and physical strength of the adsorbent. 6 (mL / g).
- the amount of glucamine groups in the adsorbent can be specified by the amount of N atoms contained in the glucamine groups. As the content of this glucamine group (content of N atom) is larger, more 68 Ge can be adsorbed. However, in order to introduce a large amount of glucamine groups into the adsorbent, it is necessary to reduce the degree of crosslinking of the polysaccharide polymer. If the degree of crosslinking is too low, the physical strength decreases.
- the content of N atoms in the adsorbent (that is, the molar amount of N atoms in 1 g of the dried adsorbent, unit: mmol / g) is preferably Is 0.1 to 1.0 mmol / g, more preferably 0.2 to 0.8 mmol / g.
- the N atom content in the adsorbent can be measured by elemental analysis or the like. Elemental analysis can be performed using, for example, an organic trace element analyzer Perkin Elmer 2400 II.
- the method for producing a polysaccharide polymer having a glucamine group that is, the method for introducing glucamine or N-alkylglucamine into the polysaccharide polymer, and it can be carried out using known organic synthesis reactions and reagents.
- the method for producing a polysaccharide polymer having a glucamine group it is preferable to use D-form glucamine and N-alkylglucamine, more preferably N-methyl-D-glucamine, from the viewpoint of availability.
- polysaccharide-based polymers generally have a hydroxy group
- glucamine or N-alkylglucamine can be introduced using this hydroxy group.
- a compound having an epoxy group and a functional group reactive with a hydroxy group for example, epichlorohydrin
- a polysaccharide polymer having an epoxy group for example, epichlorohydrin
- reaction of (1) above condensation reaction in which HCl is eliminated when epichlorohydrin is used
- reaction of the epoxy group and amino group of (2) are well known in the field of organic synthesis. If it is a trader, it can carry out suitably using a known condition.
- amount of glucamine or N-alkylglucamine used in the above (2) can be appropriately adjusted so as to have a preferable N atom content in the adsorbent described above.
- the present invention also provides a 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator containing the above-mentioned polysaccharide polymer having a glucamine group as an adsorbent.
- the 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator is an apparatus that uses the principle of column chromatography to elute 68 Ga generated from 68 Ge adsorbed on an adsorbent (stationary phase) with an eluent and take out only 68 Ga. is there. Therefore, the 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator includes a Ge adsorbent and a column packed with it. The size and length of the column can be appropriately set in consideration of the 68 Ga elution rate and the like.
- the 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator of the present invention may be equipped with devices well known in the art. Examples of known devices include a pump for supplying an eluent to the column.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a 68 Ga-containing liquid using a 68 Ge— 68 Ga generator containing the above-described polysaccharide polymer having a glucamine group as an adsorbent.
- the production method of the present invention is characterized in that 68 Ge is adsorbed on the adsorbent described above, and then an eluent is caused to flow through the adsorbent so that 68 Ga generated from 68 Ge is eluted into the eluent. .
- a weak acid salt aqueous solution is preferable.
- the weak salt aqueous solution include aqueous solutions of citrate, phosphate, malate, tartrate, and the like.
- a citrate aqueous solution and a phosphate aqueous solution are preferable, a sodium citrate aqueous solution, a sodium phosphate aqueous solution, a phosphate buffer, and the like are more preferable, and a trisodium citrate aqueous solution and a disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution are further preferable. .
- the concentration of the weak acid salt in the aqueous solution is preferably about 0.01 to 0.6 mol / L, more preferably about 0.05 to 0.2 mol / L. Further, the pH of the weak acid salt aqueous solution is preferably about 7 to 10, more preferably about 8 to 9.
- a 68 Ga-containing liquid obtained by the production method of the present invention is used as it is by using a biologically active polypeptide or antibody fragment into which a ligand for 68 Ga is introduced. Can be used as (direct method). Also, by the production method of the present invention, a 68 Ga-containing liquid is first produced, and then a ligand (for example, citric acid) of a complex (for example, a complex of citric acid and 68 Ga) in the 68 Ga-containing liquid is exchanged. By doing so, an agent for diagnostic imaging may be produced (indirect method).
- a ligand for example, citric acid
- a complex for example, a complex of citric acid and 68 Ga
- Example 1 Production of cross-linked dextran having glucamine group Sephadex G10, Sephadex G15, Sephadex G25 (Fine), Sephadex G50 (Fine) or Sephadex G75 (Fine) (all of which are cross-linked dextrans manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan) and epi Chlorohydrin was stirred in 1M aqueous NaOH at 25 ° C. for 24 hours to introduce epoxy groups into the cross-linked dextran.
- the obtained crosslinked dextran having an epoxy group and ND-methylglucamine (“N-methylglucamine” manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) were allowed to stand in a sodium carbonate buffer solution for 6 days to form a crosslink having a glucamine group. Dextran was produced.
- the obtained cross-linked dextran having a glucamine group was suspended in 0.5 M sodium carbonate buffer (pH 10) and allowed to stand for 6 days. Thereafter, the cross-linked dextran having a glucamine group was sufficiently washed with water, and the cross-linked dextran having a glucamine group stored in a wet state in 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7) was used for the production of the generator.
- the dried dextran having a glucamine group was freeze-dried, and the obtained dried product was stored in a desiccator.
- the adsorbents of the present invention As shown in Table 1, the adsorbents of the present invention, Sepa (10) -MG to Sepha (75) -MG, all showed a sufficient Ge adsorption amount.
- Sepha (10) -MG to Sepha (75) -MG which are the adsorbents of the present invention, adsorb almost 100% of 68 Ge 20 minutes after the start of the adsorption operation.
- Sepha (50) -MG and Sepha (75) -MG adsorb nearly 100% of 68 Ge immediately after the start of the adsorption operation. From this result, it can be seen that the adsorbent of the present invention exhibits a high 68 Ge adsorption rate.
- PGMA-EG glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
- GMA glycidyl methacrylate
- EG ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
- MIBK methyl isobutyl ketone
- PGMA-EG-MG50 150 was produced by reacting 1 g of the copolymer with 5 mmol of ND-methylglucamine.
- Detailed manufacturing conditions are as described in Patent Document 1.
- 68 Ge adsorption (1) 68 GeCl 4 stock solution was appropriately diluted with 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7) and added to a column packed with an adsorbent. (2) The column was washed by flowing 10 mL of 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min. (3) The effluent from the above (2) was collected, and its radioactivity was measured after 2 days.
- 68 Ga elution rate (%) 100 ⁇ [ 68 Ga radioactivity in eluent (cpm) / 68 Ga radioactivity supported in column (cpm)] (6)
- the sample of (5) was allowed to stand for one day, and the radioactivity was measured to confirm the outflow of 68 Ge to the eluent when the eluent was flowed.
- radioactivity was measured using an Aroka g counter ARC-380.
- the 68 Ga elution rate of Sepha (25) -MG of the present invention was about 90% in the first fraction (1 mL).
- the 68 Ga elution rate of PGMA-EG-MG50 (150) described in Patent Document 1 is about 35% in the first fraction (1 mL), and is the sum of the first and second fractions (2 mL). About 55%. From this, it can be seen that the 68 Ga elution rate is greatly improved by changing the polymer for introducing a glucamine group from a conventional glycidyl methacrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer to a polysaccharide polymer (cross-linked dextran). .
- the eluent having a high concentration of 68 Ga is useful as a diagnostic agent for diagnostic imaging or a raw material thereof having a small volume and high specific activity.
- Example 2 Production of cross-linked cellulose having glucamine groups
- Cellufine GH25 Cho cross-linked cellulose
- epichlorohydrin were stirred in 1M sodium hydroxide at 25 ° C. for 24 hours to give epoxy groups in the cross-linked cellulose.
- the obtained crosslinked cellulose having an epoxy group and ND-methylglucamine (“N-methylglucamine” manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) were allowed to stand in a sodium carbonate buffer solution for 6 days to form a crosslink having a glucamine group.
- Cellulose was produced.
- the obtained crosslinked cellulose having a glucamine group was suspended in 0.5 M sodium carbonate buffer (pH 10) and allowed to stand for 6 days.
- the crosslinked cellulose having a glucamine group was sufficiently washed with water, and the crosslinked cellulose having a glucamine group stored in a wet state in a 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7) was used for the production of the generator. Moreover, freeze-drying was performed to dry the crosslinked cellulose having a glucamine group, and the obtained dried product was stored in a desiccator. The swelling constant of the obtained crosslinked cellulose having a glucamine group was 4 mL / g.
- the Ge adsorbent for 68 Ge- 68 Ga generator of the present invention exhibits a 68 Ga elution rate superior to that of conventional adsorbents, and is useful for the production of diagnostic agents for diagnostic imaging or their raw materials.
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Abstract
Description
式(1)または式(2):
で表されるグルカミン基を有する多糖系ポリマーである吸着剤。
[2] 多糖系ポリマーが、架橋デキストランまたは架橋セルロースである上記[1]に記載の吸着剤。
[3] 多糖系ポリマーが、架橋デキストランである上記[1]に記載の吸着剤。
[4] R1が、メチル基である上記[1]~[3]のいずれか一つに記載の吸着剤。
[5] 上記[1]~[4]のいずれか一つに記載の吸着剤を含む68Ge-68Gaジェネレータ。
[6] 68Ge-68Gaジェネレータを用いる68Ga含有液の製造方法であって、
上記[1]~[4]のいずれか一つに記載の吸着剤に68Geを吸着させた後、該吸着剤に溶離液を流して、68Geから生成した68Gaを該溶離液中に溶離させる方法。
[7] 溶離液が、弱酸塩水溶液である上記[6]に記載の方法。
(1)まず、ヒドロキシ基に対して反応性である官能基およびエポキシ基を有する化合物(例えば、エピクロロヒドリン)を多糖系ポリマーと反応させて、エポキシ基を有する多糖系ポリマーを製造し、
(2)次いで、得られたエポキシ基を有する多糖系ポリマーをグルカミンまたはN-アルキルグルカミンと反応させることによって、
本発明の吸着剤を製造することができる。
上記(1)の反応(エピクロロヒドリンを使用する場合は、HClが脱離する縮合反応)および上記(2)のエポキシ基とアミノ基との反応は有機合成の分野で周知であり、当業者であれば、周知の条件を使用して適宜行うことができる。また、上記(2)でのグルカミンまたはN-アルキルグルカミンの使用量は、上述した吸着剤中の好ましいN原子の含有量になるように、適宜調整することができる。
(I)グルカミン基を有する架橋デキストランの製造
Sephadex G10、Sephadex G15、Sephadex G25 (Fine)、Sephadex G50 (Fine)またはSephadex G75 (Fine)(いずれもGEヘルスケア・ジャパン社製の架橋デキストラン)およびエピクロロヒドリンを、1MのNaOH水溶液中、25℃で24時間撹拌して、架橋デキストラン中にエポキシ基を導入した。得られたエポキシ基を有する架橋デキストランおよびN-D-メチルグルカミン(ナカライテスク社製「N-メチルグルカミン」)を、炭酸ナトリウム緩衝液中で6日間静置して、グルカミン基を有する架橋デキストランを製造した。得られたグルカミン基を有する架橋デキストランを0.5Mの炭酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH10)中に懸濁させ、6日間静置した。その後、グルカミン基を有する架橋デキストランを充分に水洗し、0.01Mのリン酸緩衝液(pH7)中で湿潤状態のままで保存したグルカミン基を有する架橋デキストランをジェネレータの作製に用いた。また、グルカミン基を有する架橋デキストランの乾燥には凍結乾燥を行い、得られた乾燥物はデシケータ中に保存した。
上記(I)で得られた吸着剤(即ち、グルカミン基を有する架橋デキストラン)中のN原子の含有量(即ち、乾燥した吸着剤1g中のN原子のモル量、単位:mmol/g)を、有機微量元素分析装置Perkin Elmer 2400 II を用いて分析した。結果を表1に示す。なお、表1には上記(I)で用いた原料の架橋デキストランの種類および膨潤定数も記載する。
以下の操作によって、上記(I)で得られた吸着剤のGe吸着量(乾燥した吸着剤1gに吸着されるGeのモル量、単位:mmol/g)を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
(1)50mLの三角フラスコに、吸着剤50mgを入れた。
(2)二酸化ゲルマニウムを適量の0.1Mの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に溶解させ、0.5Mの塩酸で中和し、0.01Mのリン酸緩衝液(pH7)で200mLにメスアップして、5mMのGe水溶液を作成した。
(3)上記(2)で得られた水溶液20mLを上記(1)の三角フラスコ内に添加した。
(4)上記(3)の三角フラスコを、25℃で一晩、振盪(120rpm)し、吸着剤にGeを吸着させた。
(5)振盪後の三角フラスコから上澄みを採取し、所定の検量線の範囲に入るように適宜希釈した。
(6)フェニルフルオロン吸光光度法により、吸着剤のGe吸着量を算出した。
以下の操作によって、上記(I)で得られた吸着剤の68Ge吸着速度(68Ge水溶液と接触振盪させた時間ごとの68Ge吸着率)を測定した。結果を図1に示す。
(1)10mLのガラスバイアルに吸着剤10mgを入れた。
(2)上記(1)のガラスバイアルに0.01Mのリン酸緩衝液(pH7)1mLを添加し、吸着剤を一晩浸潤させた。
(3)1kBqの68Geを含む0.01Mのリン酸緩衝液(pH7)1mLを上記(2)のガラスバイアルに入れ、接触振盪させた。
(4)接触振盪後の上記(3)のガラスバイアルから、適時、上澄み液1mLを採取し、一晩放置して残存する68Geの放射活性を測定し、68Ge吸着率を求めた。
68Ge吸着率(%)=100×{1-[接触振盪後の上澄み液中の68Geの放射活性(cpm)/添加した68Geの放射活性(cpm)]}
なお、上記操作ではアロカg カウンター ARC-380を用いて放射活性を測定した。
以下の操作によって、上記(I)で得られたSepha(25)-MGの68Ga溶離率を測定した。
また比較として、特許文献1に記載のPGMA-EG-MG50(150)の68Ga溶離率も同様に測定した。なお、PGMA-EG-MG50(150)は特許文献1に記載する方法で製造した。具体的には、
(I)まず、グリシジルメタクリレート(GMA)25mL、エチレングリコールジメタクリレート(EG)25mLおよびメチルイソブチルケトン(MIBK)75mLを用いてグリシジルメタクリレートおよびエチレングリコールジメタクリレートの共重合体(PGMA-EG)を製造し、
(II)次いで、該共重合体1gにN-D-メチルグルカミン5mmolを反応させる
ことによって、PGMA-EG-MG50(150)を製造した。詳しい製造条件は、特許文献1に記載した通りである。
吸着剤(即ち、Sepha(25)-MGまたはPGMA-EG-MG50(150))を0.01Mのリン酸緩衝液(pH7.0)にて一晩膨潤させた後、内径8mm×長さ35mmのテフロン(登録商標)製カラム管に高さ20mmになるように充填した後、溶離液(クエン酸三ナトリウム水溶液)→ポンプ→カラムを経てサンプルを回収するような装置を組んだ。
(1)68GeCl4原液を0.01Mのリン酸緩衝液(pH7)で適宜希釈して、吸着剤を充填したカラムに添加した。
(2)0.01Mのリン酸緩衝液(pH7)を流速0.5mL/分で10mL流して、カラムを洗浄した。
(3)上記(2)の流出液を回収し、二日後にその放射活性を測定した。
(4)二日放置したカラムに、68Ge吸着の際と同様に、流速0.5mL/分で溶離液を流した。
(5)それぞれ、1mL(2分間)ずつ採取した溶離液中の68Gaの放射活性(cpm)を直ちに測定した。ここで、上記(1)でカラムに添加した溶液の放射活性から、上記(3)で測定した放射活性を差し引いた値を、カラム中に担持された68Gaの放射活性とし、(5)で測定した放射活性から、以下の式により68Ga溶離率を算出した。なお、溶離液中の68Gaの放射活性は、溶離が終了した時点で減衰補正した。
68Ga溶離率(%)=100×[溶離液中の68Gaの放射活性(cpm)/カラム中に担持された68Gaの放射活性(cpm)]
(6)上記(5)のサンプルを一日放置し、その放射活性を測定することによって、溶離液を流した際の、溶離液への68Geの流出を確認した。
なお、上記操作では、アロカg カウンター ARC-380を用いて放射活性を測定した。
(I)グルカミン基を有する架橋セルロースの製造
Cellufine GH25(チッソ社製の架橋セルロース)およびエピクロロヒドリンを、1Mの水酸化ナトリウム中、25℃で24時間撹拌して、架橋セルロース中にエポキシ基を導入した。得られたエポキシ基を有する架橋セルロースおよびN-D-メチルグルカミン(ナカライテスク社製「N-メチルグルカミン」)を、炭酸ナトリウム緩衝液中で6日間静置して、グルカミン基を有する架橋セルロースを製造した。得られたグルカミン基を有する架橋セルロースを、0.5Mの炭酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH10)中に懸濁させ、6日間静置した。その後、グルカミン基を有する架橋セルロースを充分に水洗し、0.01Mのリン酸緩衝液(pH7)中で湿潤状態のままで保存したグルカミン基を有する架橋セルロースを、ジェネレータの作製に用いた。また、グルカミン基を有する架橋セルロースの乾燥には凍結乾燥を行い、得られた乾燥物はデシケータ中に保存した。
なお、得られたグルカミン基を有する架橋セルロースの膨潤定数は4mL/gであった。
実施例1(II)と同様にして測定したグルカミン基を有する架橋セルロース中のN原子の含有量(即ち、乾燥した吸着剤1g中のN原子のモル量)は0.66mmol/gであった。
実施例1(III)と同様にして測定したグルカミン基を有する架橋セルロースのGe吸着量は0.6mmol/gであり、この吸着剤も充分なGe吸着量を示した。
実施例1(V)と同様にして測定したグルカミン基を有する架橋セルロースの68Ga溶離率は、1本目のフラクション(1mL)で約55%であり、1本目および2本目のフラクションの合計(2mL)で約90%であった。
また、68Ga溶離率を測定するための吸着剤カラムに68GeCl4溶液を流速1mL/minで流した場合、ほぼ100%の68Geが実施例2の吸着剤に吸着された。この結果から、実施例2の吸着剤も実用的に充分な吸着速度を有することが分かる。
Claims (7)
- 多糖系ポリマーが、架橋デキストランまたは架橋セルロースである請求項1に記載の吸着剤。
- 多糖系ポリマーが、架橋デキストランである請求項1に記載の吸着剤。
- R1が、メチル基である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の吸着剤。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の吸着剤を含む68Ge-68Gaジェネレータ。
- 68Ge-68Gaジェネレータを用いる68Ga含有液の製造方法であって、
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の吸着剤に68Geを吸着させた後、該吸着剤に溶離液を流して、68Geから生成した68Gaを該溶離液中に溶離させる方法。 - 溶離液が、弱酸塩水溶液である請求項6に記載の方法。
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US14/353,061 US20140263074A1 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2012-10-19 | GE ADSORBENT FOR 68Ge-68Ga GENERATOR |
JP2013539695A JP6052681B2 (ja) | 2011-10-21 | 2012-10-19 | 68Ge−68Gaジェネレータおよびこれを用いる68Ga含有液の製造方法 |
EP12841204.6A EP2793233B1 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2012-10-19 | Ge adsorbent for a 68Ge-68Ga generator |
CA2852897A CA2852897C (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2012-10-19 | Ge adsorbent for 68ge-68ga generator |
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WO2015175972A3 (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2016-04-07 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Solution target for cyclotron production of radiometals |
JP2017521645A (ja) * | 2014-05-15 | 2017-08-03 | メイヨ フォンデーシヨン フォー メディカル エジュケーション アンド リサーチ | 放射性金属のサイクロトロン生成用の溶液ターゲット |
US10438712B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2019-10-08 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Solution target for cyclotron production of radiometals |
US10522261B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2019-12-31 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Solution target for cyclotron production of radiometals |
US11266975B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2022-03-08 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Solution target for cyclotron production of radiometals |
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US20140263074A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
CA2852897A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
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