WO2013053235A1 - 一种利用烟道气余热脱除其酸性气体的工艺 - Google Patents

一种利用烟道气余热脱除其酸性气体的工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013053235A1
WO2013053235A1 PCT/CN2012/076048 CN2012076048W WO2013053235A1 WO 2013053235 A1 WO2013053235 A1 WO 2013053235A1 CN 2012076048 W CN2012076048 W CN 2012076048W WO 2013053235 A1 WO2013053235 A1 WO 2013053235A1
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tower
flue gas
absorption
absorption tower
enters
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PCT/CN2012/076048
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张志炳
周政
钱红亮
吴平铿
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南京大学
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Publication of WO2013053235A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013053235A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50Sulfur oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56Nitrogen oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62Carbon oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/75Multi-step processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504Carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/65Employing advanced heat integration, e.g. Pinch technology
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475Removing carbon dioxide
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/10Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of nitrous oxide (N2O)
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for removing acid gases from flue gas residual heat. Background technique
  • China is one of the few countries in the world that uses coal as its main energy source and is the world's largest coal producer and consumer. Coal still accounts for a large proportion of China's energy structure. China's coal-based energy consumption structure is the most important cause of China's increasing air pollution. According to statistics, 90% of China's sulfur dioxide, 67% of nitrogen oxides, and 70% of soot emissions come from the burning of book coal. Among them, the problem of smoke emission from coal-fired power stations, coal-fired industrial boilers, coal-fired furnaces and kiln is the most prominent. Taking the 10 years of 2001-2010 as a sample, China's annual power generation, coal power accounts for about 75%.
  • the flue gas discharged from the coal-fired power plant contains a certain amount of waste heat, and direct discharge wastes a huge amount of latent heat, which does not meet the requirements for energy conservation.
  • the present invention proposes a new process for removing acid gases contained in flue gas by using waste heat of flue gas, which can fully utilize the waste heat in the flue gas and remove sulfur oxidation in the flue gas. Matter, nitrogen oxides and co 2 make flue gas meet emission standards and meet the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction. At the same time, the acidic substance is partially recovered to obtain a nitric acid product and co 2 . It is used as a raw material in many fields such as chemical industry and modern agriculture to create value. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new process for removing acid gas contained in flue gas by using flue gas residual heat, mainly removing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide, so that flue gas emissions reach corresponding national standards. And recover the chemical resources that are useful.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
  • a process for removing acid gas from flue gas residual heat which is composed of a desulfurization system, a denitration system and a decarburization system.
  • the process is shown in Figure 1, which includes the following steps:
  • the flue gas is first passed through an electric precipitator to remove most of the dust in the flue gas, and then the flue gas is passed through the pipe 2 to the heat exchanger I E1, the water is taken away, and the flue gas is taken away.
  • the temperature of the flue gas is lowered, and the desulfurization absorption tower T1 is entered, and the water in the tube process is heated and vaporized and then enters the phase separator VI, and the water after the phase separation is returned to the heat exchanger I E1.
  • the heat exchanger E1 and the phase splitter VI are combined to form a waste heat boiler, which generates a steam pressure of 3 to 6 atmospheres, and the water vapor is divided into three streams through the splitter I S1 into the low pressure steam turbine I TU1 and the low pressure steam turbine II TU2.
  • the water vapor drives the low pressure steam turbine I TU1
  • the steam turbine TU1 serves as the power source of the refrigerator C1
  • the refrigerator C1 is cooled to obtain the chilled water (ice brine, etc.)
  • the ice brine is respectively passed through the splitter II S2 And sent to the cooler I C2 , the cooler II C3 and the cooler IIIC4 as the refrigerant of the desulfurization absorption tower T1, the denitration absorption tower 2 and the CO 2 absorption tower T3, so that the desulfurization absorption tower T1, the denitration absorption tower 2 and the CO 2 absorption tower T3
  • the temperature is kept in each The required temperature
  • the second steam is used to drive the low pressure turbine II TU2, which is the power source of the compressor C01, which makes the compressor C01 work and compresses the flue gas discharged from the top of the desulfurization absorber T1.
  • the pressure is increased from the micro-positive pressure to 0.25 MPa or more, and enters the denitration absorption tower T2 to remove the ruthenium and simultaneously produce dilute nitric acid.
  • the third steam is supplied to the C0 2 regeneration tower T4 through the heater HI to regenerate the C0. 2 absorption liquid, recycling;
  • C0 2 is re-desorbed in the C0 2 regeneration tower T4, enters the filling system from the top of the tower through the pipeline 11, and is pressurized to obtain the C0 2 product, sold or used to manufacture other products, and the regenerated C0 2
  • the absorption liquid is returned to the heat exchanger ⁇ ⁇ 2 through the pump ⁇ 3 through the bottom of the T4 tower, and then passed through the mixer M2 to the decarbonization absorption tower T3 for recycling.
  • the heat required for the C0 2 regeneration tower T4 is heated by the steam supplied by the phase separator VI.
  • the HI is obtained, and the condensed liquid is recycled to the mixer M1 through the pump I P1 , and the refrigerant at the outlet of the cooler I C2 , the cooler II C3 and the cooler III C4 is pumped back to the refrigerant refrigerator C1 through the pump P2 to be re-cooled. , recycle.
  • the heat source in the flue gas can be continuously utilized to provide the required energy (including heat energy, pressure energy and cold energy) for removing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and CO 2 from it.
  • the flue gas reaches the emission standard. It should be noted that the above steps are carried out continuously. Under stable conditions, the five steps are performed simultaneously, and the organic combination is not intermittent operation.
  • the present invention is divided into five steps for the convenience of description.
  • the method for removing sulfur oxide is selected from a mixed solution of calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide (the content of calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide in the solution is 10-40%, hydrogen)
  • the mass ratio of calcium oxide to sodium hydroxide is 4: 1) as the absorption liquid, the temperature of the flue gas into the absorption tower is 120 ° C or more, and the sulfur oxide removal rate is 90% or more.
  • the nitrogen oxide is removed by using air and water as the absorption liquid, and the temperature is maintained at 5 to 30 °C.
  • the ratio of NOx-containing flue gas to air is determined as follows: 1 volume NO consumes 0.75 volume of 0 2 , 1 volume N0 2 consumes 0.25 volume of 0 2 , 1 volume of air Contains 0.2 volume of 0 2 .
  • the theoretical air flow rate is calculated.
  • the ratio of the actual air flow to the theoretical air flow is 1.5 ⁇ 2:1, so that the actual amount of air required is obtained.
  • the method for removing CO 2 is generally a solution of hot potassium base (the composition is K 2 C0 3 , the absorption is best when the mass fraction is 30%), or an organic amine can be used.
  • an organic amine can be used.
  • CMEA Diethanolamine
  • TEA triethanolamine
  • MDEA N-methyldiethanolamine
  • the absorption reaction is a reversible reaction, the temperature needs to be maintained at the respective desired temperature, and the temperature of the organic amine as the absorption liquid is maintained at 20 ⁇ 40 ° C, and the temperature of the hot potash solution should be maintained at 95 ⁇ 105 ° C.
  • the co 2 regeneration method is selected to be heated by steam so that the temperature is maintained at about 110 °C.
  • the principle is that the substance formed by the absorption liquid of the absorption of co 2 is reversely reacted when the temperature of the solution is raised or lowered, and C0 2 can be released, and the solution can be regenerated.
  • the above process for removing the acid gas determines whether the denitration step of the denitration absorption tower T2 is required in the process depending on whether or not the flue gas contains nitrogen oxides.
  • the present invention is directed to the fact that the flue gas in the current coal-fired power project contains a large amount of pollutants such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and CO 2 , and if it is directly discharged, it will cause serious pollution to the environment, and currently desulfurization, denitrification and decarburization. And C0 2 regeneration is technically mature, but because the desulfurization, denitration and decarbonization systems require low temperature and high pressure, especially the high pressure system requires additional energy consumption, and the desulfurization, denitration and decarbonization devices use absorption.
  • the liquid absorption method because the absorption process is a strong exothermic process, if the heat released in each absorption section is not transferred in time, the absorption effect will be unsatisfactory.
  • Compressor C01, coolers C1, C2, C3, C4, heater HI all require additional energy input.
  • the flue gas itself contains a certain amount of waste heat, and direct discharge does not meet the requirements for energy conservation.
  • the present invention obtains heated water vapor through heat exchanger E1 and phase separator VI to provide a source of energy for compressor C01, coolers C1, C2, C3, C4, heater HI.
  • the new process not only makes full use of the waste heat in the flue gas, but also removes sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and C0 2 from the flue gas and collects the CO 2 in it , so that the flue gas can reach the emission standard without additional
  • the energy input meets the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction.
  • the present invention organically couples a desulfurization system-denitration system-C0 2 absorption system-C0 2 regeneration system Together, the flue gas desulfurization, denitrification, decarburization and co 2 regeneration are integrated.
  • one or more of the desulfurization, denitrification, decarburization, and CO 2 regeneration devices may be determined based on the contents of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and co 2 in the flue gas.
  • This patent does not simply remove the acidic substances in the flue gas, but recycles the removed acidic substances and partially recycles the acidic substances to obtain the nitric acid products and C0 2 . It is used as a raw material in many fields such as chemical industry and modern agriculture to create value.
  • T1 is a desulfurization absorption tower
  • T2 is a denitration absorption tower
  • T3 is a C0 2 absorption tower
  • T4 It is a C0 2 regeneration tower
  • E1 is a heat exchanger I
  • E2 is a heat exchanger ⁇
  • C1 is a refrigerator
  • C2 is a cooler I
  • C3 is a cooler II
  • C4 is a cooler III
  • TU1 is a low pressure turbine I
  • TU2 It is a low pressure turbine ⁇
  • C01 is a compressor
  • P1 is pump I
  • P2 is pump ⁇
  • P3 is pump III
  • Ml, M2, M3, M4 are mixers
  • Sl and S2 are shunts
  • HI is heater
  • 1 Replenish fresh water feed pipe
  • 2 is flue gas feed pipe
  • 3 is desulfurization absorption liquid feed pipe
  • 4 is sulfuric acid discharge
  • the flue gas is now treated, which contains C0 2 of 13.98%, 0 2 of 3.49%, N 2 of 72.87%, S0 2 of 0.21%, 3 ⁇ 40 of 9.45%, and flue gas of 1,124,980 m 3 / h, the flue gas temperature is 300 °C. From the above contents, it is known that since it contains no nitrogen oxides and contains S0 2 and CO 2 acid gases, it is necessary to desulfurize the absorption tower T1 and the CO 2 absorption tower T3 and the CO 2 regeneration tower T4 without the denitration absorption tower 2 .
  • the flue gas enters the heat exchanger E1 through the pipe 2, so that the temperature of the flue gas is lowered from 300 ° C to 120 ° C, and the water is heated, and the obtained mixture of water vapor and liquid water enters the phase separator VI, after phase separation Water return heat exchanger E1 Ring.
  • the steam was divided into two by the splitter SI, and one of them was used as a heating source, and was heated by the heater HI to the CO 2 regeneration tower T4 so that the temperature of the desorption column T4 was 110 °C.
  • the other one enters the low-pressure steam turbine I TU1, converts the thermal energy into mechanical energy, and the refrigerator C1 is cooled to obtain the ice brine.
  • the ice brine keeps the desulfurization tower T1 at a constant temperature of 120 ° C through the cooler C2, and makes the C0 2 through the cooler C4.
  • the absorption tower is kept at a constant temperature of 25 V to prevent the temperature from rising and is not conducive to the absorption of sulfur oxides and carbon oxides.
  • the flue gas cooled by the heat exchanger I E1 enters the desulfurization absorption tower Tl, and the desulfurization absorption tower T1 adopts a packed tower with a column diameter of 9.9 m and a tower height of 59.5 m, using calcium hydroxide and hydroxide having a solute mass fraction of 20%.
  • the mixed solution of sodium is used as the absorption liquid, and is fed from the top of the column through the pipe 3, and the flow rate is 18585 kg.
  • the sulfur absorption liquid falls along the desulfurization absorption tower T1 to the bottom of the column, and the solid phase is separated by solid-liquid separation, and the liquid phase Can be returned to the desulfurization liquid dosing tank for recycling.
  • the flue gas after desulfurization enters the CO 2 absorption tower T3.
  • the C0 2 absorption tower ⁇ 3 adopts a packed tower with a diameter of 9.8 meters and a tower height of 49 meters.
  • Monoethanolamine (MEAM ⁇ is an absorbing liquid, enters the C0 2 absorption tower T3 through the pipe 9, and its flow rate is 396826 kg ⁇ -1 , after absorption
  • the flue gas enters the chimney from the pipeline 7 and is discharged into the atmosphere. Since the acidic components in the flue gas are basically removed, the emission standards are met.
  • the liquid is pumped to the E2 heat exchange through the bottom of the tower and enters the upper part of the C0 2 regeneration tower T4. The heat is supplied by a part of the steam in the phase separator VI.
  • the desorption tower T4 has a diameter of 4.3 meters and a tower height of 21.5 meters. Keep at around 110 ° C.
  • the flow rate is ZSSZSSkg*! ⁇ , from the top of the tower through the pipeline 11 into the filling system, pressurized filling to get C0 2 products, sale or Used to make other products.
  • the bottom of the monoethanolamine (MEA) is recycled by the pump P3 to the CO 2 absorption tower T3 for recycling.
  • the flue gas is passed through the heat exchanger E1, so that the temperature of the flue gas is lowered from 300 ° C to 120 ° C, and the water from the pipe 1 through the mixer M1 is heated by the heat exchanger E1, and the heated water is heated.
  • the mixture with the steam enters the phase separator VI, and the liquid water after the phase separation is returned to the heat exchanger E1 through the mixer M1 for recycling.
  • the water vapor after phase separation is divided into three strands through a splitter S 1 , one as a heating source, heated by a heater HI for the C0 2 regeneration tower T4, and the second strand enters a low pressure steam turbine I TU1, which is made by the steam turbine I TU1
  • the refrigerator C1 is cooled to obtain chilled water (such as ice water).
  • the ice brine is sent to the cooler I C2, the cooler II C3 and the cooler IIIC4 as the desulfurization absorber T1, the denitration absorber tower 2 and the C0 2 absorber tower 3 through the flow divider S2, respectively, so that the desulfurization absorber tower T1 and the denitration
  • the temperature of the absorption tower ⁇ 2 and the CO 2 absorption tower T3 are maintained at 120 ° C, 20 ° C and 25 ° C, respectively, to prevent the temperature rise from being detrimental to the absorption of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and CO 2 .
  • the third steam passes through the low pressure steam turbine II TU2, which acts as the power source of the compressor C01, makes the compressor C01 work, and compresses the flue gas discharged from the top of the desulfurization absorption tower T1, so that the pressure is from the micro positive pressure. Increase to above 0.25MPa and enter the denitration absorption tower T2.
  • the flue gas cooled by the heat exchanger El enters the desulfurization absorption tower Tl, and adopts a packed tower having a column diameter of 1 m and a tower height of 7 m, using calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide having a solute mass fraction of 10%.
  • the mixed solution is used as an absorbing liquid and is fed from the top of the column through a pipe 3 at a flow rate of 85 kg.
  • the sulfur absorbing liquid descends along the desulfurization absorption tower T1 to the bottom of the column, and the solid phase is removed by solid-liquid separation, and the liquid phase can be further Return to the desulfurization liquid dosing tank for recycling.
  • the flue gas after desulfurization is mixed with air having a flow rate of 66 m 3 which is introduced from the pipe 12, and is pressurized by the compressor C01 and then enters the denitration absorption tower T2.
  • the denitration absorber tower 2 uses a packed tower with a tower diameter of 0.9 m and a tower height of 5 m.
  • the immersion liquid water is introduced through the pipe 5 at the top of the tower.
  • the absorption liquid (dilute nitric acid) descending from the top of the denitration tower enters the bottom of the denitration absorption tower 2 and is transported through the line 6 to the nitric acid product storage tank.
  • the off-gas flue gas exits the top of the denitration absorber tower 2 and enters the C0 2 absorption tower ⁇ 3.
  • the C0 2 absorption tower ⁇ 3 adopts a packed tower with a diameter of 1.1 meters and a height of 5.5 meters.
  • Diethanolamine (DEA) was passed as an absorption liquid from the line 9 through the mixer M2 to the CO 2 absorption tower T3 at a flow rate of 2300 kg ⁇ h 1 .
  • DEA Diethanolamine
  • the organic amine absorption liquid absorbing C0 2 is heated from the CO 2 absorption tower T3 through the heat exchanger ⁇ ⁇ 2 and then enters the C0 2 regeneration tower T4, and is heated by partial steam of the phase separator VI, so that the temperature is maintained at about 115 ° C, after desorption From the top of the pipe 11 at a flow rate of 1659 kg. h- 1 into the filling system, pressurized filling to obtain C0 2 products, sold or used to manufacture other products.
  • the diethanolamine (DEA) at the bottom of the column is exchanged by the pump P3 through the heat exchanger II E2, and then refluxed by the mixer M2 to the C0 2 absorption tower T3 for recycling.
  • Example 3 Example 3:
  • the flue gas is now treated. According to the volume fraction, it contains 12.06% of C0 2 and 10.1% of 0 2 , and N 2 is 60.54%, S0 2 is 0.12%, NOx is 0.1%, H 2 0 is 17.08%, flue gas is 1442650 m 3 /h, and flue gas temperature is 415 °C. From the above contents, it is understood that since the nitrogen oxide, S0 2 and CO 2 acid gases are contained therein, the desulfurization absorption tower T1, the denitration absorption tower T2, the C0 2 absorption tower 3 and the C0 2 regeneration tower 4 are required.
  • the flue gas is passed through the heat exchanger ⁇ ,1, so that the temperature of the flue gas is lowered from 415 ° C to 120 ° C, and the water from the pipe 1 through the mixer M1 is heated by the heat exchanger E1, and then heated.
  • the mixture of water and steam enters the phase separator VI, and the liquid water after the phase separation is returned to the heat exchanger I E1 through the mixer M1 for recycling.
  • the water vapor after phase separation is divided into three streams through a splitter S1, one is used as a heating source, heated by a heater HI for the C0 2 regeneration tower T4, and the second is fed into a low pressure steam turbine I TU1, which is used as the refrigerator C1.
  • the power source cools the refrigerator C1 to obtain chilled water (ice brine, etc.).
  • the ice brine is sent to the cooler I C2, the cooler II C3 and the cooler IIIC4 through the flow divider S2 as the refrigerant of the desulfurization absorption tower T1, the denitration absorption tower T2 and the CO 2 absorption tower T3, so that the desulfurization absorption tower Tl and the denitration are denitrated.
  • the temperature of the absorption tower ⁇ 2 and the C0 2 absorption tower T3 are maintained at 130 ° C, 30 ° C and 40 ° C, respectively, to prevent the temperature rise from being detrimental to the absorption of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and CO 2 .
  • the third steam passes through the low pressure turbine II TU2, which acts as the power source for the compressor C01, causes the compressor C01 to work, and compresses the flue gas discharged from the top of the desulfurization absorber T1, so that the pressure is slightly positive.
  • the pressure is increased to 0.25 MPa or more and enters the denitration absorption tower T2.
  • the flue gas cooled by the heat exchanger I E1 enters the desulfurization absorption tower Tl, and the desulfurization absorption tower T1 adopts a packed tower with a tower diameter of 11.29 meters and a tower height of 60 meters, using calcium hydroxide and hydroxide having a solute mass fraction of 40%.
  • the mixed solution of sodium is used as the absorption liquid, and is fed from the top of the tower through the pipeline 3, and the flow rate thereof is 13618 kg .1T 1 .
  • the sulfur absorption liquid descends along the desulfurization absorption tower T1 to the bottom of the tower, and the solid phase is removed by solid-liquid separation. The phase can be returned to the desulfurization liquid dosing tank for recycling.
  • the flue gas after desulfurization and the flow rate from the pipe 12 are 5500 m 3 ,!
  • the air mixture of -1 is pressurized and enters the denitration absorption tower T2 after being pressurized by the compressor C01.
  • the denitration tower 2 uses a packed tower with a tower diameter of 10.97 meters and a tower height of 48 meters.
  • the NOx absorbing liquid water is introduced through the pipe 5 at the top of the tower.
  • the absorption liquid (dilute nitric acid) descending from top to bottom along the denitration absorption tower T2 enters the bottom of the denitration absorption tower T2 and is transported through the line 6 to the nitric acid product storage tank.
  • the flue gas after the out-of-stock is taken out from the top of the denitration absorption tower T2 and enters the C0 2 absorption tower T3.
  • the flue gas after denitration enters the CO 2 absorption tower T3.
  • the C0 2 absorption tower ⁇ 3 adopts a packed tower with a diameter of 9 meters and a tower height of 38 meters.
  • Triethanolamine (TEAM ⁇ is an absorbing liquid, enters the C0 2 absorption tower T3 through the pipe 9 and has a flow rate of 441402 kg, !- 1 ,
  • the absorbed flue gas enters the chimney from the pipeline 7 and is discharged into the atmosphere.
  • the acidic components of the flue gas are basically removed and meet the emission standards. From the C0 2 C0 2 absorption tower T3 was lowered from top to bottom, it is pumped through the heat exchanger to the bottom II E2 C0 2 into the upper heat exchanger after the regeneration column T4.
  • the heat source is heated by a part of the steam in the phase separator.
  • the tower of the desorption tower T4 is 4 meters in diameter, the tower height is 19 meters, and the temperature in the tower is maintained at about 115 °C.
  • C0 2 is re-desorbed at a flow rate of 318389 kg.
  • h- From the top of the tower through the pipe 11 into the filling system, pressurized filling to obtain the C0 2 product, sold or used to make other products.
  • the bottom of the triethanolamine (TEA) is recycled by the pump P3 to the CO 2 absorption tower T3 for recycling.
  • TAA triethanolamine
  • the flue gas is passed through the heat exchanger ⁇ ,1, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced from 360 ° C to 120 ° C, and the water from the pipe 1 through the mixer M1 is heated by the heat exchanger I E1 and heated.
  • the mixture of water and steam enters the phase separator VI, and the liquid water after the phase separation is returned to the heat exchanger E1 for recycling through the mixer M1.
  • the water vapor after phase separation is divided into three strands through a splitter S1, one is used as a heating source, heated by the heater HI for the C0 2 regeneration tower T4, and the second strand is introduced into the low pressure steam turbine I TU1, which is used as the refrigerator C1.
  • the power source cools the refrigerator C1 to obtain chilled water (ice brine, etc.).
  • the ice brine is sent to the cooler I C2, the cooler II C3 and the cooler IIIC4 through the flow divider S2 as the refrigerant of the desulfurization absorption tower T1, the denitration absorption tower T2 and the CO 2 absorption tower T3, so that the desulfurization absorption tower Tl and the denitration are denitrated.
  • the absorption tower T2 and C0 2 absorption tower T3 temperatures are maintained at 120 ° C, 25 ° C and 95 ° C, respectively, to prevent temperature rise is not conducive to the absorption of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and CO 2 .
  • the third steam passes through the low pressure steam turbine II TU2, which acts as the power source of the compressor C01, makes the compressor C01 work, and compresses the flue gas discharged from the top of the desulfurization absorption tower T1, so that the pressure is from the micro positive pressure. Increase to above 0.25MPa and enter the denitration absorber T2.
  • the flue gas cooled by the heat exchanger I E1 enters the desulfurization absorption tower Tl, and the desulfurization absorption tower T1 adopts a packed tower with a tower diameter of 11.29 meters and a tower height of 60 meters, using calcium hydroxide and hydroxide having a solute mass fraction of 30%.
  • the mixed solution of sodium is used as the absorption liquid, and is fed from the top of the tower through the pipe 3, and the flow rate thereof is 13618 kg .1T 1 , after absorption, the sulfur absorption liquid falls along the desulfurization absorption tower T1 to the bottom of the tower, and the solid phase is removed by solid-liquid separation, and the liquid phase can be returned to the desulfurization liquid dosing tank for recycling.
  • the flue gas after desulfurization and the flow rate from the pipe 12 are 5500 m 3 ,!
  • the air mixture of -1 is pressurized and enters the denitration absorption tower T2 after being pressurized by the compressor C01.
  • the denitration absorber tower 2 uses a packed tower with a tower diameter of 10.97 meters and a tower height of 48 meters.
  • the NOx absorbing liquid water is introduced through the pipe 5 at the top of the tower.
  • the absorption liquid (dilute nitric acid) descending from top to bottom along the denitration absorption tower enters the bottom of the denitration tower and is transported through the line 6 to the nitric acid product storage tank.
  • the flue gas after the out-of-stock is taken out from the top of the denitration absorption tower T2 and enters the C0 2 absorption tower T3.
  • the flue gas after denitration enters the CO 2 absorption tower T3.
  • the C0 2 absorption tower T3 adopts a packed tower with a diameter of 10 meters and a tower height of 48 meters.
  • the hot potash is used as an absorption liquid, and enters the C0 2 absorption tower T3 through the pipe 9, and the flow rate is 3238622 kg, !- 1 ,
  • the absorbed flue gas enters the chimney from the pipeline 7 and is discharged into the atmosphere. Since the acid components in the flue gas are basically removed, the emission standards are met. From the C0 2 C0 2 absorption tower T3 was lowered from top to bottom, it is pumped through the heat exchanger to the bottom II E2 C0 2 into the upper heat exchanger after the regeneration column T4.
  • the heat source is heated by a part of the steam in the phase separator.
  • the tower of the desorption tower T4 is 4 meters in diameter, the tower height is 19 meters, and the temperature in the tower is maintained at about 120 °C.
  • C0 2 is re-desorbed at a flow rate of 318389 kg.
  • the flue gas is passed through the heat exchanger I E1, so that the temperature of the flue gas is lowered from 415 ° C to 120 ° C, and the water from the pipe 1 through the mixer M1 is heated after passing through the heat exchanger I E1, after heating
  • the mixture of water and steam enters the phase separator VI, and the liquid water after the phase separation is returned to the heat exchanger I E1 through the mixer M1 for recycling.
  • the water vapor after phase separation is divided into three strands through the splitter S1, one is used as a heating source, heated by the heater HI for the C0 2 regeneration tower T4, and the second strand is introduced into the low pressure turbine I TU1, the turbine TU1 As the power source of the refrigerator CI, the refrigerator C1 is cooled to obtain chilled water (such as ice water).
  • chilled water such as ice water
  • the ice brine is sent to the cooler I C2, the cooler II C3 and the cooler IIIC4 as the desulfurization absorber T1, the denitration absorber tower 2 and the C0 2 absorber tower 3 through the splitter S2, respectively, so that the desulfurization absorber Tl, denitration
  • the temperature of the absorption tower ⁇ 2 and the CO 2 absorption tower T3 are maintained at 130 ° C, 30 ° C and 105 ° C, respectively, and the prevention of temperature rise is disadvantageous to the absorption of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and CO 2 .
  • the third steam passes through the low pressure steam turbine II TU2, which acts as the power source of the compressor C01, makes the compressor C01 work, and compresses the flue gas discharged from the top of the desulfurization absorption tower T1, so that the pressure is from the micro positive pressure. Increase to above 0.25MPa and enter the denitration absorption tower T2.
  • the flue gas cooled by the heat exchanger I El enters the desulfurization absorption tower Tl, and adopts a packed tower having a column diameter of 1 m and a tower height of 7 m, using calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide having a solute mass fraction of 20%.
  • the mixed solution is fed from the top of the column through a pipe 3, and the flow rate is 85 kg - h 1 .
  • the sulfur absorbing liquid descends along the desulfurization absorption tower T1 to the bottom of the column, and the solid phase is separated by solid-liquid separation. Can be returned to the desulfurization liquid dosing tank for recycling.
  • the flue gas after desulfurization and the flow rate from the pipe 12 are 66 m 3 ,!
  • the air mixture of -1 is pressurized and enters the denitration absorber T2 after being pressurized by the compressor C01.
  • the denitration absorber tower 2 uses a packed tower with a tower diameter of 0.9 m and a tower height of 5 m.
  • the immersion liquid water is introduced through the pipe 5 at the top of the tower.
  • the absorption liquid (dilute nitric acid) descending from the top of the denitration tower enters the bottom of the denitration tower and is conveyed through the line 6 to the nitric acid product storage tank.
  • the off-gas flue gas exits the top of the denitrification absorber tower 2 and enters the C0 2 absorption tower T3.
  • the C0 2 absorption tower T3 adopts a packed tower with a diameter of 1.1 meters and a height of 5.5 meters.
  • the hot potash solution is taken as the absorption liquid from the pipe 9 through the mixer ⁇ 2 into the C0 2 absorption tower ,3, and the flow rate is 17352 kg.
  • h- The flue gas after the full contact is discharged from the smoke S through the pipe 7 from the top of the tower, due to this
  • the acidic components of the flue gas are basically removed and meet the emission standards.
  • the hot potash absorption liquid absorbing C0 2 is heated from the CO 2 absorption tower T3 through the heat exchanger ⁇ ⁇ 2 and then enters the C0 2 regeneration tower T4, and is heated by a part of the steam of the phase separator VI to keep the temperature at

Abstract

一种利用烟道气余热脱除其酸性气体的工艺,它是将烟道气通入到换热器Ⅰ中,烟道气的温度降低,进入脱硫吸收塔,而换热器管程中的水被加热汽化进入分相器,换热器和分相器组合成废热锅炉,产生的蒸汽压力为3~6大气压,而水蒸汽分成三股分别进入低压汽轮机Ⅰ和低压汽轮机Ⅱ和加热器,水蒸汽驱动低压汽轮机Ⅰ,作为制冷机的动力源,得到冷冻水,冷冻水则分别作为脱硫吸收塔、脱硝吸收塔和CO2吸收塔的冷媒,使得它们的温度分别保持在各自所需的温度,第二股水蒸汽用于驱动低压汽轮机Ⅱ,压缩脱硫后的烟道气,并进入脱硝吸收塔,以脱除NOx,同时产生稀硝酸,第三股蒸汽通过加热器H1为CO2再生塔提供热源,以再生CO2吸收液,循环使用,同时产生和收集CO2

Description

一种利用烟道气余热脱除其酸性气体的工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用烟道气余热脱除其酸性气体的工艺。 背景技术
我国是世界上少数几个以煤说炭为主要能源的国家之一,是世界上最大的煤炭 生产国和消费国。煤炭在我国的能源结构中仍占很大比例, 我国以煤炭为主的能 源消耗结构是引起我国大气污染日趋严重的最重要原因。据统计,我国 90%二氧 化硫、 67%氮氧化物、 70%烟尘排放量来自于书煤炭的燃烧。 其中, 燃煤电站、 燃 煤工业锅炉、 燃煤炉窑等烟气排放污染问题最为突出。 以 2001-2010这 10年为 样本, 中国每年的发电量, 煤电占了大约 75%。 随着我国的工业化步伐加快, 用 电量也不断增加, 需要用于发电的煤也就越来越多, 由此导致的烟道气的排放对 大气的污染也相应日益加重。 以 100万千瓦燃煤发电厂为例,其二氧化硫排放量 为 2.6万吨每年, 氮氧化物排放量为 1.4万吨每年, 二氧化碳排放量为 600万吨 每年。而燃煤发电厂排放的烟道气中二氧化碳是引起温室效应的主要物质, S02、 NOx 又是造成大气污染如酸雨和光化学烟雾的主要来源。 如何消除这些污染是 一个亟待解决的问题。而燃煤发电厂排出的烟道气含有一定的余热,直接排放浪 费了其中巨量的潜热, 不符合节能的要求。针对以上情况, 本发明提出一种利用 烟道气余热脱除其所含的酸性气体的新工艺,该工艺既能充分利用烟道气中的余 热,又能脱除烟道气中的硫氧化物、氮氧化物和 co2,使得烟道气达到排放标准, 符合节能减排的要求。同时部分回收利用其中的酸性物质,得到硝酸产品及 co2。 用于化工和现代农业等多个领域作为原料, 从而创造价值。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利用烟道气余热脱除其自身所含的酸性气体的新 工艺, 主要脱除硫氧化物、氮氧化物和二氧化碳, 使烟道气排放达到相应的国家 标准, 并回收其中有用的化学资源。 为实现上述目标, 本发明的技术方案如下:
一种利用烟道气余热脱除其酸性气体的工艺, 它是由脱硫系统、脱硝系统和 脱碳系统所组成。 其流程如图 1所示, 它包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 烟道气首先经过电除尘装置, 除去烟道气中的大部分灰尘, 再将烟道 气通过管道 2通入到换热器 I E1 中, 水走管程, 烟道气走壳程, 经过换热后, 烟道气的温度降低, 进入脱硫吸收塔 Tl, 而管程中的水被加热汽化后进入分相 器 VI中, 分相后的水返回到换热器 I E1中, 换热器 E1和分相器 VI组合而成 相当于一座废热锅炉, 产生的蒸汽压力为 3~6 大气压, 而水蒸汽经分流器 I S1 分成三股分别进入低压汽轮机 I TU1和低压汽轮机 II TU2和加热器 HI, 水蒸汽 驱动低压汽轮机 I TU1, 该汽轮机 TU1作为制冷机 C1的动力源, 使制冷机 C1 制冷, 从而得到冷冻水 (冰盐水等), 冰盐水则通过分流器 II S2分别被送到冷却 器 I C2、冷却器 II C3和冷却器 IIIC4作为脱硫吸收塔 Tl、脱硝吸收塔 Τ2和 C02 吸收塔 T3的冷媒, 使得脱硫吸收塔 Tl、 脱硝吸收塔 Τ2和 C02吸收塔 T3温度 分别保持在各自所需的温度, 第二股水蒸汽用于驱动低压汽轮机 II TU2, 该汽轮 机 II TU2作为压缩机 C01的动力源, 使压缩机 C01做功, 并压缩从脱硫吸收塔 T1塔顶排出的烟道气, 使其压力由微正压提高到 0.25MPa以上, 并进入脱硝吸 收塔 T2, 以脱除 ΝΟχ, 同时产生稀硝酸, 第三股蒸汽通过加热器 HI为 C02再 生塔 T4提供热源, 以再生 C02吸收液, 循环使用;
(2) 经过换热器 I E1换热的烟道气进入脱硫吸收塔 T1底部, 与从脱硫吸 收塔 T1顶部管道 3进料的硫吸收液 (通常为氢氧化钙和氢氧化钠的混合溶液) 充分接触, 脱硫后的烟道气从脱硫吸收塔 T1顶部排出, 与从管道 12进入的空 气混合后(混入空气的量依据烟道气中所含 NO的量由化学计算决定)进入由汽 轮机 II TU2驱动的压缩机 C01中, 使气体的压强增加到 0.25MPa以上后从底部 进入脱硝吸收塔 T2中, 而硫吸收液则沿脱硫塔下降至塔底部, 经过固液分离除 去固相, 液相可再回到脱硫液配液槽循环使用;
(3 ) 加压后的烟道气与空气的混合物进入脱硝吸收塔 T2 后, 与经过脱硝 吸收塔 T2顶部的管道 5进入的 NOx吸收液(通常为水)逆流接触, 从脱硝吸收 塔 T2塔顶排出, 再进入 C02吸收塔 T3, 而沿脱硝塔自上而下下降的吸收液(稀 硝酸) 进入脱硝塔塔底, 并通过管道 6输送至硝酸产品储罐; (4)脱硝后的烟道气从底部进入 C02吸收塔 T3, C02吸收液一般采用热钾 碱溶液或有机胺, 烟道气中的 C02在脱碳塔 T3中被吸收后, 从塔顶经管道 7排 出, 这时烟道气中的酸性成分基本上均被脱除, 其中, SOx和 NOx可分别被控 制在 50ml/m3和 30ml/m3以下, C02则可低于 5000ml/m3以下, 从 C02吸收塔 T3 自上而下下降的 C02吸收液, 则通过塔底泵送至换热器 II E2换热后进入 C02再 生塔 T4上部;
( 5 )在 C02再生塔 T4中 C02被重新解吸出, 从塔顶经过管道 11进入灌装 系统, 加压灌装得到 C02产品, 销售或用作制造其它产品, 再生后的 C02吸收 液经 T4塔底通过泵 ΠΙΡ3返回换热器 Π Ε2换热后, 通过混合器 M2进入脱碳吸 收塔 T3循环使用, C02再生塔 T4需要的热量由分相器 VI提供的蒸汽经加热器 HI得到,而冷凝下来的液体通过泵 I P1返回混合器 Ml循环使用,冷却器 I C2、 冷却器 II C3和冷却器 IIIC4出口的冷媒则经过泵 P2泵回至冷媒制冷机 C1中再次 制冷, 循环使用。
通过以上五个步骤可以源源不断地利用烟道气中的热源为脱除其中的硫氧 化物、 氮氧化物和 C02提供所需的能源 (其中包括热能、 压力能和冷能), 并使 烟气达到排放标准。 需要指出的是, 以上步骤连续进行, 在稳定工况下, 五个步 骤同时进行, 并且有机结合, 不是间歇操作, 本发明只是为了描述方便才分成五 个步骤叙述。
经全流程能量平衡计算, 对于 300°C以上的烟道气, 烟道气中所含的能量远 远高于该过程脱除酸性物质所需的总能量 (约为 2倍以上)。 因此, 考虑能量转 换过程的损失和热利用效率的影响, 只要流程和设备设计和选型恰当, 该过程脱 除酸性物质的能量完全可以自给自足。
上述的脱除其酸性气体的工艺,所述的硫氧化物的脱除方法选择氢氧化钙和 氢氧化钠的混合溶液 (溶液中氢氧化钙和氢氧化钠质量分数为 10-40%、 氢氧化 钙和氢氧化钠质量比为 4: 1 )作为吸收液, 烟道气进吸收塔塔温度为 120°C以上, 硫氧化物脱除率为 90%以上。
上述的脱除其酸性气体的工艺,所述的氮氧化物的脱除方法选择使用空气和 水作为吸收液, 温度保持在 5~30°C。 含 NOx的烟道气和空气的比例确定方法如 下: 1体积 NO消耗 0.75体积的 02, 1体积 N02消耗 0.25体积的 02, 1体积空气 中含 0.2的体积的 02。 根据烟道气中 NO、 N02的含量、 比例和流量, 计算出理 论空气流量, 实际空气流量与理论空气流量之比为 1.5~2: 1, 从而得出所需的实 际空气的量。
上述的脱除其酸性气体的工艺,所述的 C02的脱除方法一般采用热钾碱(成 分为 K2C03, 质量分数为 30%时吸收效果最佳) 溶液, 或可采用有机胺 (工业 上应用成熟的一乙醇胺 CMEA)。 二乙醇胺 CDEA)、 三乙醇胺 (TEA)或 N—甲基二 乙醇胺 (MDEA)) 作为吸收液, 吸收反应是可逆反应, 温度需要保持在各自所需 的温度, 有机胺作为吸收液温度保持在 20~40°C, 而热钾碱溶液温度需保持在 95~105°C。
上述的脱除其酸性气体的工艺, 所述的 co2的再生方法选择使用蒸汽加热, 使得温度保持在 110°C左右即可。其原理是吸收 co2的吸收液形成的物质在溶液 温度升高或低压时, 反应逆向进行, 既可放出 C02, 溶液又可得到再生。
上述的脱除其酸性气体的工艺,根据烟道气中是否含氮氧化物, 决定工艺中 是否需要脱硝吸收塔 T2的脱硝步骤。
本发明的利用烟道气余热脱除其酸性气体的新工艺具有以下几点优越之处:
( 1 ) 本发明针对目前煤电项目中烟道气含有大量的硫氧化物、 氮氧化物和 C02等污染物, 如直接排放, 会对环境造成严重的污染, 目前脱硫、 脱硝和脱碳 及 C02再生在技术上已很成熟, 但是由于脱硫、 脱硝和脱碳系统需要的是低温 高压情况下才能进行, 尤其是得到高压体系需要额外消耗能量, 另外脱硫、脱硝 和脱碳装置采用吸收液吸收方法, 由于吸收过程是一个强放热过程, 如果在各吸 收段不及时转移放出的热量, 吸收效果就会不理想。 压缩机 C01, 冷却器 Cl、 C2、 C3、 C4, 加热器 HI都需要额外能量输入。 而烟道气自身含有一定的余热, 直接排放不符合节能的要求。本发明针对这一情况,通过换热器 E1和分相器 VI 得到加热后的水蒸汽, 为压缩机 C01, 冷却器 Cl、 C2、 C3、 C4, 加热器 HI提 供能量来源。新工艺不仅充分利用烟道气中的余热, 又能脱除烟道气中的硫氧化 物、 氮氧化物和 C02并收集其中的 C02, 使得烟道气的达到排放标准, 而无需 额外的能量输入, 符合节能减排的要求。
(2) 文献中脱硫、 脱硝、 脱碳以及 C02再生单独研究很多, 一体化技术研 究很少。本发明使脱硫系统-脱硝系统 -C02吸收系统 -C02再生系统有机地耦合在 一起, 使得烟道气的脱硫、 脱硝、 脱碳以及 co2再生一体化。 在实际使用中, 可根据烟道气中氮氧化物、 硫氧化物和 co2的含量确定需要脱硫、 脱硝、 脱碳 以及 C02再生装置的一种或几种。
(3 ) 本专利不是单纯对脱除烟道气中的酸性物质, 而是把脱除的酸性物质 资源化, 部分回收利用其中的酸性物质, 得到硝酸产品及 C02。用于化工和现代 农业等多个领域作为原料, 从而创造价值。
附图说明
图 1 为本发明的一种利用烟道气余热脱除其酸性气体的生产工艺与装置的 工艺流程示意图, 其中: T1为脱硫吸收塔; T2为脱硝吸收塔; T3为 C02吸收 塔; T4为 C02再生塔; E1为换热器 I ; E2为换热器 Π ; C1为冷冻机; C2为冷 却器 I; C3为冷却器 II; C4为冷却器 III; TU1为低压汽轮机 I; TU2为低压汽 轮机 Π ; C01为压缩机; P1为泵 I; P2为泵 Π ; P3为泵 III, Ml , M2, M3, M4为混合器, Sl、 S2为分流器, HI为加热器, 1为补充新鲜水进料管道, 2为 烟道气进料管道, 3为脱硫吸收液进料管道, 4为硫酸出料管道, 5为脱硝吸收 液进料管道, 6 为硝酸出料管道, 7 为脱硫脱硝和脱碳后的烟道气排出管道, 8 为液态水进料管道, 9、 10分别为加入的脱硝吸收液和解吸塔返回的吸收液进料 管道, 11为 C02收集管道, 12为空气管道。 具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述,但不能理解为对本发明专利保护范 围的限制。
实施例 1:
现处理烟道气, 以体积分数计, 其含 C02为 13.98%, 02为 3.49%, N2为 72.87%, S02为 0.21%, ¾0为 9.45%,烟气量为 1124980 m3/h,烟气温度为 300 °C。 由上述含量可知, 由于其中不含氮氧化物, 含有 S02和 C02酸性气体, 需脱硫 吸收塔 T1和 C02吸收塔 T3以及 C02再生塔 T4, 无需脱硝吸收塔 Τ2。 烟道气 通过管道 2进入换热器 El,使得烟道气的温度由 300°C降为 120°C,同时加热水, 得到的水蒸气和液态水的混合物进入分相器 VI, 分相后水返回换热器 E1 再循 环。 蒸汽经分流器 S I分成为两股, 一股作为加热源, 通过加热器 HI为 C02再 生塔 T4加热, 使得解吸塔 T4温度为 110°C。 另一股进入低压汽轮机 I TU1, 把 热能转化为机械能, 使得制冷机 C1制冷, 从而得到冰盐水, 冰盐水则通过冷却 器 C2使脱硫塔 T1保持恒温 120°C, 通过冷却器 C4使得 C02吸收塔保持恒温 25 V , 防止温度升高不利于硫氧化物和碳氧化物的吸收。 经过换热器 I E1 冷却 下来的烟道气进入脱硫吸收塔 Tl, 脱硫吸收塔 T1采用填料塔, 塔径 9.9米, 塔 高 59.5米, 利用溶质质量分数为 20%的氢氧化钙和氢氧化钠的混合溶液作为吸 收液, 通过管道 3从塔顶进料, 其流量为 18585 kg . h- 吸收后硫吸收液沿脱硫 吸收塔 T1下降至塔底部, 经过固液分离除去固相, 液相可再回到脱硫液配液槽 循环使用。脱硫后的烟道气进入 C02吸收塔 T3。 C02吸收塔 Τ3采用填料塔, 直 径为 9.8米, 塔高为 49米, 一乙醇胺 (MEAM乍为吸收液, 通过管道 9进入 C02 吸收塔 T3, 其流量为 396826 kg ^-1, 吸收后的烟道气从管道 7进入烟囱后排入 大气, 由于此时烟道气中的酸性成分基本上均被脱除, 符合排放标准。 从 C02 吸收塔 T3 自上而下下降的 C02吸收液, 则通过塔底泵送至 E2换热后进入 C02 再生塔 T4上部。 利用分相器 VI 中的部分蒸汽提供热源加热, 解吸塔 T4塔径 4.3米, 塔高 21.5米, 塔内温度保持在 110°C左右。 在 C02再生塔 T4中 C02被 重新解吸出, 流量为 ZSSZSSkg*!^,从塔顶经管道 11进入灌装系统, 加压灌装得 到 C02产品, 销售或用作制造其它产品。 塔底的一乙醇胺 (MEA)通过泵 P3回流 到 C02吸收塔 T3循环使用。
实施例 2:
现处理烟道气,以体积分数计,其含 C02为 7.6%, 02为 10%, N2为 54%, ¾0 为 28%, 每立方米含 S03质量为 1500 mg, 含 NOx主要为 NO,为 1200 mg, 烟气量 为 12000 m3/h, 烟气温度为 300°C。 由上述含量可知, 由于其中含有氮氧化物、 S02和 C02酸性气体, 需脱硫吸收塔 T1、脱硝塔吸收 T2、 C02吸收塔 T3和 C02 再生塔 T4。 先把烟道气通过换热器 El, 使得烟道气的温度由 300°C降为 120°C, 同时从管道 1经混合器 Ml的水经过换热器 El后被加热, 加热后的水和蒸汽的 混合物进入分相器 VI,经过分相后的液态水经过混合器 Ml返回换热器 El循环 使用。 分相后的水蒸汽通过分流器 S 1分为三股, 一股作为加热源, 经过加热器 HI为 C02再生塔 T4加热, 第二股进入低压汽轮机 I TU1, 该汽轮机 I TU1作 为制冷机 CI的动力源, 使制冷机 C1制冷, 从而得到冷冻水 (冰盐水等)。 冰盐 水则通过分流器 S2分别被送到冷却器 I C2、 冷却器 II C3和冷却器 IIIC4作为脱 硫吸收塔 Tl、脱硝吸收塔 Τ2和 C02吸收塔 Τ3的冷媒, 使得脱硫吸收塔 Tl、脱 硝吸收塔 Τ2和 C02吸收塔 T3温度分别保持 120°C、 20°C和 25 °C, 防止温度升 高不利于硫氧化物、 氮氧化物和 C02的吸收。 第三股水蒸汽经过低压汽轮机 II TU2, 该汽轮机 TU2作为压缩机 C01的动力源, 使压缩机 C01做功, 并压缩从 脱硫吸收塔 T1塔顶排出的烟道气, 使其压力由微正压提高到 0.25MPa以上, 并 进入脱硝吸收塔 T2。
经过换热器 El冷却下来的烟道气进入脱硫吸收塔 Tl, 采用填料塔, 其塔径 为 1米,塔高为 7米,利用溶质质量分数为 10%的氢氧化钙和氢氧化钠的混合溶 液作为吸收液, 通过管道 3从塔顶进料, 其流量为 85 kg . h- 吸收后硫吸收液沿 脱硫吸收塔 T1下降至塔底部, 经过固液分离除去固相, 液相可再回到脱硫液配 液槽循环使用。脱硫后的烟道气与从管道 12通入的流量为 66 m3 的空气混合, 进入压缩机 C01加压后进入脱硝吸收塔 T2。 脱硝吸收塔 Τ2采用填料塔, 塔径 为 0.9米, 塔高 5米。 经塔顶的管道 5通入 ΝΟχ吸收液水。 沿脱硝塔自上而下 下降的吸收液 (稀硝酸) 进入脱硝吸收塔 Τ2塔底, 并通过管道 6输送至硝酸产 品储罐。 而脱销后的烟道气从脱硝吸收塔 Τ2塔顶出来, 进入 C02吸收塔 Τ3。 C02吸收塔 Τ3采用填料塔, 塔径 1.1米, 高 5.5米。 二乙醇胺 (DEA)作为吸收液 从管道 9经混合器 M2进入 C02吸收塔 T3, 流量为 2300 kg · h 1。 充分接触后的 烟道气从塔顶经过管道 7后从烟 S中排出,由于此时烟道气中的酸性成分基本上 均被脱除, 符合排放标准。 吸收 C02的有机胺吸收液从 C02吸收塔 T3经过换热 器 Π Ε2加热后进入 C02再生塔 T4, 利用分相器 VI的部分蒸汽加热, 使得温度 保持在 115 °C左右, 解吸后从塔顶的管道 11以流量为 1659 kg . h-1进入灌装系统, 加压灌装得到 C02产品, 销售或用作制造其它产品。塔底的二乙醇胺 (DEA)经过 泵 P3经过换热器 II E2换热后, 经混合器 M2回流到 C02吸收塔 T3循环使用。 实施例 3:
现处理烟道气, 以体积分数计, 其含 C02为 12.06%, 02为 10.1%, N2为 60.54%, S02为 0.12%, NOx为 0.1%, H20为 17.08%, 烟气量为 1442650 m3/h, 烟气温度为 415 °C。 由上述含量可知, 由于其中含有氮氧化物、 S02和 C02酸性 气体, 需脱硫吸收塔 Tl、 脱硝吸收塔 T2、 C02吸收塔 Τ3和 C02再生塔 Τ4。 先 把烟道气通过换热器 Ι Ε1, 使得烟道气的温度由 415 °C降为 120°C, 同时从管道 1经混合器 Ml的水经过换热器 El后被加热, 加热后的水和蒸汽的混合物进入 分相器 VI, 经过分相后的液态水经过混合器 Ml返回换热器 I E1循环使用。 分 相后的水蒸汽通过分流器 S1分为三股,一股作为加热源,经过加热器 HI为 C02 再生塔 T4加热, 第二股进入低压汽轮机 I TU1, 该汽轮机 I TU1作为制冷机 C1 的动力源, 使制冷机 C1 制冷, 从而得到冷冻水 (冰盐水等)。 冰盐水则通过分 流器 S2分别被送到冷却器 I C2、冷却器 II C3和冷却器 IIIC4作为脱硫吸收塔 T1、 脱硝吸收塔 T2和 C02吸收塔 T3的冷媒, 使得脱硫吸收塔 Tl、 脱硝吸收塔 Τ2 和 C02吸收塔 T3温度分别保持 130°C、 30°C和 40°C, 防止温度升高不利于硫氧 化物、氮氧化物和 C02的吸收。第三股水蒸汽经过低压汽轮机 II TU2, 该汽轮机 II TU2作为压缩机 C01 的动力源, 使压缩机 C01 做功, 并压缩从脱硫吸收塔 T1塔顶排出的烟道气, 使其压力由微正压提高到 0.25MPa以上, 并进入脱硝吸 收塔 T2。
经过换热器 I E1冷却下来的烟道气进入脱硫吸收塔 Tl, 脱硫吸收塔 T1采 用填料塔, 塔径 11.29米, 塔高 60米, 利用溶质质量分数为 40%的氢氧化钙和 氢氧化钠的混合溶液作为吸收液, 通过管道 3 从塔顶进料, 其流量为 13618 kg .1T1, 吸收后硫吸收液沿脱硫吸收塔 T1下降至塔底部, 经过固液分离除 去固相, 液相可再回到脱硫液配液槽循环使用。 脱硫后的烟道气与从管道 12通 入的流量为 5500 m3,!!-1的空气混合,进入压缩机 C01加压后进入脱硝吸收塔 T2。 脱硝塔 Τ2采用填料塔, 塔径为 10.97米, 塔高 48米。经塔顶的管道 5通入 NOx 吸收液水。 沿脱硝吸收塔 T2自上而下下降的吸收液 (稀硝酸) 进入脱硝吸收塔 T2塔底, 并通过管道 6输送至硝酸产品储罐。 而脱销后的烟道气从脱硝吸收塔 T2塔顶出来, 进入 C02吸收塔 T3。
脱硝后的烟道气进入 C02吸收塔 T3。 C02吸收塔 Τ3采用填料塔, 直径为 9 米, 塔高为 38米, 三乙醇胺 (TEAM乍为吸收液, 通过管道 9进入 C02吸收塔 T3, 其流量为 441402 kg,!!-1,吸收后的烟道气从管道 7进入烟囱后排入大气, 由于此 时烟道气中的酸性成分基本上均被脱除, 符合排放标准。 从 C02吸收塔 T3 自上 而下下降的 C02吸收液, 则通过塔底泵送至换热器 II E2换热后进入 C02再生塔 T4上部。 利用分相器中的部分蒸汽提供热源加热, 解吸塔 T4塔径 4米, 塔高 19米, 塔内温度保持在 115 °C左右。 在 C02再生塔 T4中 C02被重新解吸出, 流 量为 318389 kg . h- 从塔顶经管道 11进入灌装系统, 加压灌装得到 C02产品, 销售或用作制造其它产品。 塔底的三乙醇胺 (TEA)通过泵 P3回流到 C02吸收塔 T3循环使用。 实施例 4:
现处理烟道气, 以体积分数计, 其含 C02为 12.06%, 02为 10.1%, N2为 60.54%, S02为 0.12%, NOx为 0.1%, H20为 17.08%, 烟气量为 1442650 m3/h, 烟气温度为 360°C。 由上述含量可知, 由于其中含有氮氧化物、 S02和 C02酸性 气体, 需脱硫吸收塔 Tl、 脱硝吸收塔 T2、 C02吸收塔 Τ3和 C02再生塔 Τ4。 先 把烟道气通过换热器 Ι Ε1, 使得烟道气的温度由 360°C降为 120°C, 同时从管道 1经混合器 Ml的水经过换热器 I E1后被加热,加热后的水和蒸汽的混合物进入 分相器 VI, 经过分相后的液态水经过混合器 Ml返回换热器 E1循环使用。分相 后的水蒸汽通过分流器 S1分为三股, 一股作为加热源, 经过加热器 HI为 C02 再生塔 T4加热, 第二股进入低压汽轮机 I TU1, 该汽轮机 I TU1作为制冷机 C1 的动力源, 使制冷机 C1 制冷, 从而得到冷冻水 (冰盐水等)。 冰盐水则通过分 流器 S2分别被送到冷却器 I C2、冷却器 II C3和冷却器 IIIC4作为脱硫吸收塔 T1、 脱硝吸收塔 T2和 C02吸收塔 T3的冷媒, 使得脱硫吸收塔 Tl、 脱硝吸收塔 Τ2 和 C02吸收塔 T3温度分别保持 120°C、 25 °C和 95 °C, 防止温度升高不利于硫氧 化物、氮氧化物和 C02的吸收。第三股水蒸汽经过低压汽轮机 II TU2, 该汽轮机 TU2作为压缩机 C01的动力源, 使压缩机 C01做功, 并压缩从脱硫吸收塔 T1 塔顶排出的烟道气, 使其压力由微正压提高到 0.25MPa 以上, 并进入脱硝吸收 塔 T2。
经过换热器 I E1冷却下来的烟道气进入脱硫吸收塔 Tl, 脱硫吸收塔 T1采 用填料塔, 塔径 11.29米, 塔高 60米, 利用溶质质量分数为 30%的氢氧化钙和 氢氧化钠的混合溶液作为吸收液, 通过管道 3 从塔顶进料, 其流量为 13618 kg .1T1, 吸收后硫吸收液沿脱硫吸收塔 Tl下降至塔底部, 经过固液分离除 去固相, 液相可再回到脱硫液配液槽循环使用。 脱硫后的烟道气与从管道 12通 入的流量为 5500 m3,!!-1的空气混合,进入压缩机 C01加压后进入脱硝吸收塔 T2。 脱硝吸收塔 Τ2采用填料塔, 塔径为 10.97米, 塔高 48米。 经塔顶的管道 5通入 NOx 吸收液水。 沿脱硝吸收塔自上而下下降的吸收液 (稀硝酸) 进入脱硝塔塔 底, 并通过管道 6输送至硝酸产品储罐。 而脱销后的烟道气从脱硝吸收塔 T2塔 顶出来, 进入 C02吸收塔 T3。
脱硝后的烟道气进入 C02吸收塔 T3。 C02吸收塔 T3采用填料塔, 直径为 10米, 塔高为 48米, 热钾碱作为吸收液, 通过管道 9进入 C02吸收塔 T3, 其 流量为 3328622 kg,!!-1, 吸收后的烟道气从管道 7进入烟囱后排入大气, 由于此 时烟道气中的酸性成分基本上均被脱除, 符合排放标准。 从 C02吸收塔 T3 自上 而下下降的 C02吸收液, 则通过塔底泵送至换热器 II E2换热后进入 C02再生塔 T4上部。 利用分相器中的部分蒸汽提供热源加热, 解吸塔 T4塔径 4米, 塔高 19米, 塔内温度保持在 120°C左右。 在 C02再生塔 T4中 C02被重新解吸出, 流 量为 318389 kg . h- 从塔顶经管道 11进入灌装系统, 加压灌装得到 C02产品, 销售或用作制造其它产品。 塔底的热钾碱溶液通过泵 P3 回流到 C02吸收塔 T3 循环使用。 实施例 5:
现处理烟道气,以体积分数计,其含 C02为 7.6%, 02为 10%, N2为 54%, ¾0 为 28%, 每立方米含 S03质量为 1500 mg, 含 NOx主要为 NO, 为 1200 mg, 烟气 量为 12000 m3/h, 烟气温度为 415°C。 由上述含量可知, 由于其中含有氮氧化物、 S02和 C02酸性气体, 需脱硫吸收塔 T1、脱硝吸收塔 T2、 C02吸收塔 T3和 C02 再生塔 T4。先把烟道气通过换热器 I E1,使得烟道气的温度由 415°C降为 120°C, 同时从管道 1经混合器 Ml的水经过换热器 I E1后被加热, 加热后的水和蒸汽 的混合物进入分相器 VI, 经过分相后的液态水经过混合器 Ml返回换热器 I E1 循环使用。 分相后的水蒸汽通过分流器 S1分为三股, 一股作为加热源, 经过加 热器 HI为 C02再生塔 T4加热, 第二股进入低压汽轮机 I TU1, 该汽轮机 TU1 作为制冷机 CI的动力源, 使制冷机 C1制冷, 从而得到冷冻水 (冰盐水等)。 冰 盐水则通过分流器 S2分别被送到冷却器 I C2、 冷却器 II C3和冷却器 IIIC4作为 脱硫吸收塔 Tl、 脱硝吸收塔 Τ2和 C02吸收塔 Τ3的冷媒, 使得脱硫吸收塔 Tl、 脱硝吸收塔 Τ2和 C02吸收塔 T3温度分别保持 130°C、 30°C和 105 °C, 防止温度 升高不利于硫氧化物、 氮氧化物和 C02的吸收。 第三股水蒸汽经过低压汽轮机 II TU2, 该汽轮机 TU2作为压缩机 C01的动力源, 使压缩机 C01做功, 并压缩 从脱硫吸收塔 T1塔顶排出的烟道气, 使其压力由微正压提高到 0.25MPa以上, 并进入脱硝吸收塔 T2。
经过换热器 I El冷却下来的烟道气进入脱硫吸收塔 Tl, 采用填料塔, 其塔 径为 1米,塔高为 7米,利用溶质质量分数为 20%的氢氧化钙和氢氧化钠的混合 溶液作为吸收液, 通过管道 3从塔顶进料, 其流量为 85 kg - h 1 , 吸收后硫吸收 液沿脱硫吸收塔 T1下降至塔底部, 经过固液分离除去固相, 液相可再回到脱硫 液配液槽循环使用。脱硫后的烟道气与从管道 12通入的流量为 66 m3,!!-1的空气 混合, 进入压缩机 C01加压后进入脱硝吸收塔 T2。 脱硝吸收塔 Τ2采用填料塔, 塔径为 0.9米, 塔高 5米。 经塔顶的管道 5通入 ΝΟχ吸收液水。 沿脱硝塔自上 而下下降的吸收液(稀硝酸)进入脱硝塔塔底, 并通过管道 6输送至硝酸产品储 罐。 而脱销后的烟道气从脱硝吸收塔 Τ2塔顶出来, 进入 C02吸收塔 T3。 C02 吸收塔 T3采用填料塔, 塔径 1.1米, 高 5.5米。 热钾碱溶液作为吸收液从管道 9 经混合器 Μ2进入 C02吸收塔 Τ3, 流量为 17352 kg . h- 充分接触后的烟道气从 塔顶经过管道 7 后从烟 S中排出, 由于此时烟道气中的酸性成分基本上均被脱 除,符合排放标准。吸收 C02的热钾碱吸收液从 C02吸收塔 T3经过换热器 Π Ε2 加热后进入 C02再生塔 T4, 利用分相器 VI 的部分蒸汽加热, 使得温度保持在
120°C左右, C02解吸后从塔顶的管道 11以流量为 1659 kg . h-1进入灌装系统, 加 压灌装得到 C02产品, 销售或用作制造其它产品。 塔底的热钾碱溶液经过泵 III P3经过换热器 II E2换热后, 经混合器 M2回流到 C02吸收塔 T3循环使用。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种利用烟道气余热脱除其酸性气体的工艺, 它是由脱硫系统、 脱硝系 统和脱碳系统所组成, 其特征是它包括以下步骤:
(1) 烟道气首先经过电除尘装置, 除去烟道气中的大部分灰尘, 再将烟道 气通过管道 (2) 通入到换热器 I (E1) 中, 水走管程, 烟道气走壳程, 经过换 热后, 烟道气的温度降低, 进入脱硫吸收塔 (Tl), 而管程中的水被加热汽化后 进入分相器 (VI) 中, 分相后的水返回到换热器 I (E1) 中, 换热器 I (E1) 和分相器(VI)组合而成相当于一座废热锅炉, 产生的蒸汽压力为 3~6大气压, 而水蒸汽经分流器(S1)分成三股, 分别进入低压汽轮机 I (TU1)和低压汽轮 机 II (TU2)和加热器(Hl),水蒸汽驱动低压汽轮机 I (TU1),该汽轮机(TU1) 作为制冷机 (C1) 的动力源, 使制冷机 (C1) 制冷, 从而得到冷冻水, 冷冻水 则通过分流器(S2)分别被送到冷却器 I (C2)、冷却器 II (C3)和冷却器 III (C4) 作为脱硫吸收塔(Tl)、 脱硝吸收塔(Τ2)和 C02吸收塔(T3) 的冷媒, 使得脱 硫吸收塔(Tl)、 脱硝吸收塔(Τ2)和 C02吸收塔(T3)温度分别保持在各自所 需的温度, 第二股水蒸汽用于驱动低压汽轮机 Π (TU2), 该汽轮机 II (TU2) 作为压缩机(C01)的动力源,使压缩机(C01)做功,并压缩从脱硫吸收塔(T1) 塔顶排出的烟道气, 使其压力由微正压提高到 0.25MPa 以上, 并进入脱硝吸收 塔 (T2), 以脱除 ΝΟχ, 同时产生稀硝酸, 第三股蒸汽通过加热器 (HI) 为 C02 再生塔 (T4) 提供热源, 以再生 C02吸收液, 循环使用;
(2) 经过换热器 I (E1) 换热的烟道气进入脱硫吸收塔 (T1) 底部, 与从 脱硫吸收塔 (T1) 顶部管道 (3) 进料的硫吸收液 (通常为氢氧化钙和氢氧化钠 的混合溶液) 充分接触, 脱硫后的烟道气从脱硫吸收塔 (T1) 顶部排出, 与从 管道 12进入的空气混合后, 进入由汽轮机 II (TU2) 驱动的压缩机 (C01) 中, 使气体的压强增加到 0.25MPa 以上后从底部进入脱硝吸收塔 (T2) 中, 而硫吸 收液则沿脱硫塔下降至塔底部, 经过固液分离除去固相, 液相可再回到脱硫液配 液槽循环使用;
(3) 加压后的烟道气与空气的混合物进入脱硝吸收塔 (T2) 后, 与经过脱 硝吸收塔(T2)顶部的管道(5)进入的 NOx吸收液逆流接触,从脱硝吸收塔(T2) 塔顶排出, 再进入 C02吸收塔 (T3 ), 而沿脱硝塔自上而下下降的吸收液 (稀硝 酸) 进入脱硝塔塔底, 并通过管道 (6) 输送至硝酸产品储罐;
(4) 脱硝后的烟道气从底部进入 C02吸收塔 (T3 ), C02吸收液一般采用 热钾碱溶液或有机胺, 烟道气中的 C02在脱碳塔 (T3 ) 中被吸收后, 从塔顶经 管道 (7) 排出, 这时烟道气中的酸性成分基本上均被脱除, 其中, SOx和 NOx 可分别被控制在 50ml/m3和 30ml/m3以下, C02则可低于 5000ml/m3以下,从 C02 吸收塔 (T3 ) 自上而下下降的 C02吸收液, 则通过塔底泵送至换热器 II (E2) 换热后进入 C02再生塔 (T4) 上部;
( 5 )在 C02再生塔 (T4) 中 C02被重新解吸出, 从塔顶经过管道 (11 )进 入灌装系统, 加压灌装得到 C02产品, 销售或用作制造其它产品, 再生后的 C02 吸收液经 C02再生塔 (T4) 塔底通过泵 III (P3 ) 返回换热器 II (E2) 换热后, 通过混合器 (M2) 进入脱碳吸收塔 (T3 ) 循环使用。 C02再生塔 (T4) 需要的 热量由分相器 (VI ) 提供的蒸汽经加热器 (HI ) 得到, 而冷凝下来的液体通过 泵 I (P1 ) 返回混合器 (Ml ) 循环使用, 冷却器 I (C2)、 冷却器 II ( C3 ) 和 冷却器 III (C4)出口的冷媒则经过泵 II (P2)泵回至冷媒制冷机 C1中再次制冷, 循环使用。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的脱除其酸性气体的工艺, 其特征是: 所述的硫氧 化物的脱除方法选择氢氧化钙和氢氧化钠的混合溶液,溶液中氢氧化钙和氢氧化 钠质量分数为 10-40%、氢氧化钙和氢氧化钠质量比为 4: 1, 作为吸收液, 烟道气 进吸收塔塔温度为 120°C以上, 硫氧化物脱除率为 90%以上。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的脱除其酸性气体的工艺, 其特征是: 所述的氮氧 化物的脱除方法选择使用空气和水作为吸收液, 温度保持在 5~30°C, 含 NOx的 烟道气和空气的比例确定方法如下: 1体积 NO消耗 0.75体积的 02, 1体积 N02 消耗 0.25体积的 02,1体积空气中含 0.2的体积的 02。 根据烟道气中 NO、 N02 的含量、 比例和流量, 计算出理论空气流量, 实际空气流量与理论空气流量之比 为 1.5~2: 1, 从而得出所需的实际空气的量。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的脱除其酸性气体的工艺, 其特征是: 所述的 C02 的脱除方法一般采用热钾碱溶液或者有机胺作为吸收液, 吸收反应是可逆反应, 温度需要保持在各自所需的温度, 有机胺作为吸收液温度保持在 20~40°C, 而热 钾碱溶液温度需保持在 95 105 °C。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的脱除其酸性气体的工艺, 其特征是: 所述的有机 胺是一乙醇胺、 二乙醇胺、 三乙醇胺或 N—甲基二乙醇胺。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的脱除其酸性气体的工艺, 其特征是: 所述的 C02 的再生方法选择使用蒸汽加热, 使得温度保持在 110°C即可。
7. 根据权利要求 1 所述的脱除其酸性气体的工艺, 其特征是: 根据烟道气 中是否含氮氧化物, 决定工艺中是否需要脱硝吸收塔 T2的脱硝步骤。
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US10532312B2 (en) 2013-09-17 2020-01-14 Ihi Corporation Exhaust gas processing system and processing method
US20190105604A1 (en) * 2016-03-31 2019-04-11 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Desulfurization apparatus and method of operating desulfurization apparatus
US10617996B2 (en) * 2016-03-31 2020-04-14 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Desulfurization apparatus and method of operating desulfurization apparatus

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