WO2013051398A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013051398A1 WO2013051398A1 PCT/JP2012/073982 JP2012073982W WO2013051398A1 WO 2013051398 A1 WO2013051398 A1 WO 2013051398A1 JP 2012073982 W JP2012073982 W JP 2012073982W WO 2013051398 A1 WO2013051398 A1 WO 2013051398A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- temperature
- anode
- anode gas
- pressure
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system.
- JP2007-242265A as a conventional fuel cell system, an anode gas supplied at the time of starting the fuel cell system is supplied so that the inert gas filled in the anode gas flow path of the fuel cell is pumped to the buffer unit. What sets the pressure is described.
- the pressure of the anode gas supplied at the time of starting the fuel cell system is set without considering the temperature of the buffer section. Therefore, when there is a temperature difference between the fuel cell and the buffer unit, the anode gas pressure is set higher than necessary, resulting in a problem that fuel consumption deteriorates.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to such a problem, and an object thereof is to optimize the pressure of the anode gas supplied at the time of starting the fuel cell system to suppress deterioration of fuel consumption.
- a control valve for controlling the pressure of the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell and the fuel cell are discharged
- An anode gas pressure control means, and a start-up anode gas pressure control means controls the anode gas pressure according to the temperature difference between the fuel cell temperature and the buffer portion temperature.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the fuel cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the anode gas non-circulating fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining pulsation operation during steady operation in which the operation state of the fuel cell system is constant.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining start-up control according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a table for calculating the permeation coefficient of the inert gas based on the stack temperature.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method for estimating the temperature difference between the second temperature difference and the outside air temperature.
- FIG. 7 is a map for setting the starting anode pressure based on the third differential temperature and the total inert gas permeation amount.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of an anode gas non-circulating fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining start-up control according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- an electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between an anode electrode (fuel electrode) and a cathode electrode (oxidant electrode), an anode gas containing hydrogen in the anode electrode (fuel gas), and a cathode gas containing oxygen in the cathode electrode (oxidant) Electricity is generated by supplying gas.
- the electrode reaction that proceeds in both the anode electrode and the cathode electrode is as follows.
- Anode electrode 2H 2 ⁇ 4H + + 4e ⁇ (1)
- Cathode electrode 4H + + 4e ⁇ + O 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O (2)
- the fuel cell generates an electromotive force of about 1 volt by the electrode reactions (1) and (2).
- FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating the configuration of the fuel cell 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic perspective view of the fuel cell 10.
- FIG. 1B is a 1B-1B cross-sectional view of the fuel cell 10 of FIG. 1A.
- the fuel cell 10 includes an anode separator 12 and a cathode separator 13 arranged on both front and back surfaces of a membrane electrode assembly (hereinafter referred to as “MEA”) 11.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- the MEA 11 includes an electrolyte membrane 111, an anode electrode 112, and a cathode electrode 113.
- the MEA 11 has an anode electrode 112 on one surface of the electrolyte membrane 111 and a cathode electrode 113 on the other surface.
- the electrolyte membrane 111 is a proton conductive ion exchange membrane formed of a fluorine-based resin.
- the electrolyte membrane 111 exhibits good electrical conductivity in a wet state.
- the anode electrode 112 includes a catalyst layer 112a and a gas diffusion layer 112b.
- the catalyst layer 112a is in contact with the electrolyte membrane 111.
- the catalyst layer 112a is formed of carbon black particles carrying platinum or platinum.
- the gas diffusion layer 112b is provided outside the catalyst layer 112a (on the opposite side of the electrolyte membrane 111) and is in contact with the anode separator 12.
- the gas diffusion layer 112b is formed of a member having sufficient gas diffusibility and conductivity, and is formed of, for example, a carbon cloth woven with yarns made of carbon fibers.
- the cathode electrode 113 includes a catalyst layer 113a and a gas diffusion layer 113b.
- the anode separator 12 is in contact with the gas diffusion layer 112b.
- the anode separator 12 has a plurality of groove-shaped anode gas passages 121 for supplying anode gas to the anode electrode 112 on the side in contact with the gas diffusion layer 112b.
- the cathode separator 13 is in contact with the gas diffusion layer 113b.
- the cathode separator 13 has a plurality of groove-like cathode gas flow paths 131 for supplying cathode gas to the cathode electrode 113 on the side in contact with the gas diffusion layer 113b.
- the anode gas flowing through the anode gas channel 121 and the cathode gas flowing through the cathode gas channel 131 flow in the same direction in parallel with each other. You may make it flow in the opposite direction in parallel with each other.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the anode gas non-circulating fuel cell system 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 1 includes a fuel cell stack 2, an anode gas supply device 3, and a controller 4.
- the fuel cell stack 2 is formed by stacking a plurality of fuel cells 10, generates electric power by receiving supply of anode gas and cathode gas, and generates electric power necessary for driving a vehicle (for example, electric power necessary for driving a motor). ).
- the cathode gas supply / discharge device for supplying and discharging the cathode gas to / from the fuel cell stack 2 and the cooling device for cooling the fuel cell stack 2 are not the main part of the present invention, and are not shown for the sake of easy understanding. did. In this embodiment, air is used as the cathode gas.
- the anode gas supply device 3 includes a high-pressure tank 31, an anode gas supply passage 32, a pressure regulating valve 33, a pressure sensor 34, an anode gas discharge passage 35, a buffer tank 36, a purge passage 37, and a purge valve 38. .
- the high pressure tank 31 stores the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 2 in a high pressure state.
- the anode gas supply passage 32 is a passage for supplying the anode gas discharged from the high-pressure tank 31 to the fuel cell stack 2, and has one end connected to the high-pressure tank 31 and the other end of the fuel cell stack 2. Connected to the anode gas inlet hole 21.
- the pressure regulating valve 33 is provided in the anode gas supply passage 32.
- the pressure regulating valve 33 adjusts the anode gas discharged from the high-pressure tank 31 to a desired pressure and supplies it to the fuel cell stack 2.
- the pressure regulating valve 33 is an electromagnetic valve whose opening degree can be adjusted continuously or stepwise, and the opening degree is controlled by the controller 4.
- the pressure sensor 34 is provided in the anode gas supply passage 32 downstream of the pressure regulating valve 33.
- the pressure sensor 34 detects the pressure in the anode gas supply passage 32 downstream from the pressure regulating valve 33.
- the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 34 is used as a pressure of the entire anode system including the anode gas flow paths 121 and the buffer tanks 36 inside the fuel cell stack (hereinafter referred to as “anode pressure”). .
- the anode gas discharge passage 35 has one end connected to the anode gas outlet hole 22 of the fuel cell stack 2 and the other end connected to the upper portion of the buffer tank 36.
- a mixed gas of excess anode gas that has not been used for the electrode reaction and an inert gas such as nitrogen or water vapor that has cross-leaked from the cathode side to the anode gas channel 121 (hereinafter referred to as a mixed gas). "Anode off gas”) is discharged.
- the buffer tank 36 temporarily stores the anode off gas flowing through the anode gas discharge passage 35. A part of the water vapor in the anode off gas is condensed in the buffer tank 36 to become liquid water and separated from the anode off gas.
- One end of the purge passage 37 is connected to the lower part of the buffer tank 36.
- the other end of the purge passage 37 is an open end.
- the anode off gas and liquid water stored in the buffer tank 36 are discharged from the opening end to the outside air through the purge passage 37.
- the purge valve 38 is provided in the purge passage 37.
- the purge valve 38 is an electromagnetic valve whose opening degree can be adjusted continuously or stepwise, and the opening degree is controlled by the controller 4.
- the opening of the purge valve 38 By adjusting the opening of the purge valve 38, the amount of anode off gas discharged from the buffer tank 36 to the outside air via the purge passage 37 is adjusted, and the anode gas concentration in the anode system is adjusted to a predetermined concentration. .
- the set value of the predetermined concentration is too low, the anode gas used for the electrode reaction is insufficient, and the power generation efficiency is lowered.
- the predetermined concentration is set to an appropriate value in consideration of power generation efficiency and fuel consumption. If the operating state of the fuel cell system 1 is the same, the concentration of the inert gas in the buffer tank 36 decreases and the anode gas concentration increases as the opening of the purge valve 38 is increased.
- the controller 4 includes a microcomputer having a central processing unit (CPU), a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), and an input / output interface (I / O interface).
- CPU central processing unit
- ROM read only memory
- RAM random access memory
- I / O interface input / output interface
- the controller 4 includes a current sensor 41 that detects the output current of the fuel cell stack 2 and the temperature of cooling water that cools the fuel cell stack 2 (hereinafter referred to as “stack temperature”).
- a water temperature sensor 42 to detect an accelerator stroke sensor 43 to detect an accelerator pedal depression amount (hereinafter referred to as “accelerator operation amount”), a vehicle speed sensor 44 to detect a vehicle speed, an outside air temperature sensor 45 to detect an outside air temperature, and a battery charge rate Signals from various sensors such as the SOC sensor 46 are detected.
- Controller 4 performs idle stop control based on input signals of various sensors.
- the idle stop control for example, when the vehicle is stopped by waiting for a signal, if the predetermined idle stop condition is satisfied, the power generation of the fuel cell stack 2 is stopped, and then the predetermined idle stop release condition is satisfied. In other words, the control is to start power generation of the fuel cell stack 2.
- the controller 4 periodically opens and closes the pressure regulating valve 33 based on input signals of various sensors, performs pulsation operation to periodically increase and decrease the anode pressure, and adjusts the opening degree of the purge valve 38 to buffer.
- the flow rate of the anode off gas discharged from the tank 36 is adjusted to keep the anode gas concentration in the anode system at a predetermined concentration.
- the fuel cell stack 22 In the case of the anode gas non-circulation type fuel cell system 1, if the anode gas is continuously supplied from the high-pressure tank 31 to the fuel cell stack 22 while the pressure regulating valve 33 is kept open, the fuel cell stack 22 is not discharged. Since the anode off gas including the used anode gas is continuously discharged from the buffer tank 36 through the purge passage 37 to the outside air, it is wasted.
- the pulsation operation is performed in which the pressure regulating valve 33 is periodically opened and closed to increase and decrease the anode pressure periodically.
- the anode off gas accumulated in the buffer tank 36 can be caused to flow back to the fuel cell stack 22 when the anode pressure is reduced.
- the anode gas in the anode off-gas can be reused, so that the amount of the anode gas discharged to the outside air can be reduced and waste can be eliminated.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining pulsation operation during steady operation in which the operation state of the fuel cell system 1 is constant.
- the controller 4 calculates the reference pressure and pulsation width of the anode pressure based on the load (hereinafter referred to as “stack load”) (output current) applied to the fuel cell stack 2.
- stack load the load
- the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the anode pressure are set. Then, the anode pressure is periodically increased or decreased in the range of the pulsation width around the reference pressure, and the anode pressure is periodically increased or decreased between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the set anode pressure.
- the pressure regulating valve 33 is opened to an opening at which the anode pressure can be increased to at least the upper limit value.
- the anode gas is supplied from the high-pressure tank 31 to the fuel cell stack 2 and discharged to the buffer tank 36.
- the pressure regulating valve 33 When the anode pressure reaches the upper limit at time t2, the pressure regulating valve 33 is fully closed as shown in FIG. 3B, and the supply of anode gas from the high-pressure tank 31 to the fuel cell stack 2 is stopped. Then, since the anode gas left in the anode gas flow path 121 inside the fuel cell stack 2 is consumed over time due to the electrode reaction of (1) described above, the anode pressure is reduced by the amount of consumption of the anode gas. .
- the pressure in the buffer tank 36 temporarily becomes higher than the pressure in the anode gas flow path 121, so that the anode gas flow path 121 extends from the buffer tank 36.
- the anode off-gas flows back into.
- the anode gas left in the anode gas channel 121 and the anode gas in the anode off-gas that has flowed back to the anode gas channel 121 are consumed over time, and the anode pressure further decreases.
- the pressure regulating valve 33 When the anode pressure reaches the lower limit at time t3, the pressure regulating valve 33 is opened in the same manner as at time t1. When the anode pressure reaches the upper limit again at time t4, the pressure regulating valve 33 is closed.
- the reference pressure of the anode pressure and the anode pressure according to the operation state of the fuel cell system 1 are set so that the anode gas concentration of the entire anode system becomes a predetermined concentration as described above. While the pulsation width is set, the opening degree of the purge valve 38 is controlled.
- startup anode pressure the upper limit value of the anode pressure
- the pressure in the buffer tank 36 after the same amount of inert gas is pumped to the buffer tank 36 is compared with the case where the stack temperature and the internal temperature of the buffer tank 36 (hereinafter referred to as “buffer temperature”) are the same. It is lower when the buffer temperature is lower than the stack temperature. Therefore, when the buffer temperature is lower than the stack temperature, the inert gas filled in the anode gas flow path 121 is supplied to the buffer tank 36 unless the start-up anode pressure is made lower than when the stack temperature and the buffer temperature are the same. The amount of anode gas required for pumping will be supplied, resulting in a deterioration in fuel consumption.
- the stack temperature and the buffer temperature are the same, that is, after the fuel cell system 1 is stopped, a long time has elapsed, and the stack temperature and the buffer temperature are started after the stack temperature and the buffer temperature are equivalent to the outside temperature. Assuming this, the anode pressure at startup was set. Therefore, it was not necessary to adjust the starting anode pressure according to the buffer temperature.
- the fuel cell system 1 that performs the idle stop control as in this embodiment, the fuel cell system 1 is restarted in a short time after the fuel cell system 1 is stopped.
- the buffer tank 36 having a lower heat capacity than the fuel cell stack 2 has a faster temperature decrease rate, and therefore the buffer temperature may be lower than the stack temperature.
- the anode pressure at start-up is controlled according to the temperature difference between the stack temperature and the buffer temperature.
- the startup control according to this embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining start-up control according to the present embodiment.
- the controller 4 executes this routine at a predetermined calculation cycle (for example, 10 [ms]) during operation of the fuel cell system 1.
- a predetermined calculation cycle for example, 10 [ms]
- step S1 the controller 4 reads detection signals from various sensors.
- step S2 the controller 4 determines whether or not the idle stop flag f is set to 1.
- the idle stop flag f is a flag that is set to 1 when the idle stop condition is satisfied, and the initial value is set to 0.
- the controller 4 performs the process of step S3 if the idle stop flag f is set to 0, and performs the process of step S7 if the idle stop flag f is set to 1.
- step S3 the controller 4 determines whether or not a plurality of idle stop conditions are all satisfied.
- the idle stop condition includes that the vehicle speed is lower than a predetermined vehicle speed, that the battery charge rate is higher than the predetermined charge rate, and that the warm-up control is finished. If all the idle stop conditions are satisfied, the controller 4 performs the process of step S4, and if not satisfied, ends the current process.
- step S4 the controller 4 performs idle stop. Specifically, the pressure regulating valve 33 is fully closed and the supply of the cathode gas is stopped to stop the power generation of the fuel cell stack 2.
- step S5 the controller 4 stores the stack temperature when the idle stop condition is satisfied (hereinafter referred to as “idle stop start stack temperature”).
- step S6 the controller 4 sets the idle stop flag f to 1.
- step S7 the controller 4 determines whether or not an idle stop cancellation condition is satisfied.
- the controller 4 determines that the idle stop cancellation condition is satisfied when at least one of the plurality of idle stop conditions is not satisfied.
- the controller 4 performs the process of step S8 if the idle stop release condition is not satisfied, and performs the process of step S11 if the condition is satisfied.
- step S8 the controller 4 calculates an elapsed time (hereinafter referred to as “idle stop time”) Tiddle after the idle stop condition is satisfied. Specifically, the idle stop time Tidle is calculated by adding the calculation cycle ⁇ T to the previous value of the idle stop time Tidle. The initial value of the idle stop time Tidle is set to zero.
- step S ⁇ b> 9 the controller 4 calculates an inert gas permeation amount (hereinafter referred to as “unit permeation amount”) ⁇ Q per operation period permeating from the cathode side to the anode gas flow path 121. Specifically, first, the initial partial pressure value of the inert gas on the anode side is set to 0 [kPa], and the partial pressure difference from the partial pressure of the inert gas in the cathode gas on the cathode side (for example, 76 [kPa]) is calculated. To do. Next, a permeation coefficient of the inert gas is calculated based on the stack temperature with reference to a table shown in FIG.
- the unit permeation amount ⁇ Q of the inert gas is calculated by multiplying the calculated partial pressure difference by the permeation coefficient.
- the initial partial pressure of the inert gas on the anode side is set to 0 [kPa].
- the anode calculated based on the total inert gas permeation amount Qidle described later is used.
- the partial pressure of the inert gas on the side is set as the partial pressure initial value.
- step S10 the controller 4 calculates the total permeation amount Qidle of the inert gas that has permeated the anode gas flow path 121 during the idle stop time. Specifically, the total inert gas permeation amount Qidle is calculated by adding the unit permeation amount ⁇ Q to the previous value of the total inert gas permeation amount Qidle.
- step S11 the controller 4 calculates a temperature difference between the stack temperature at the start of idle stop and the current outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 45 (hereinafter referred to as “first temperature difference”). Since the buffer temperature when the idle stop condition is satisfied can be considered to be basically the same as the stack temperature, in other words, the first differential temperature is the difference between the buffer temperature at the start of the idle stop and the outside air temperature. It is a differential temperature.
- step S12 the controller 4 determines, based on the first differential temperature and the idle stop time, a temperature difference between the buffer temperature when the idle stop time has elapsed and the current outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 45 ( Hereinafter, it is referred to as “second temperature difference”). A method for estimating the second temperature difference will be described later with reference to FIG.
- step S13 the controller 4 adds the second temperature difference to the current outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 45, and estimates the current buffer temperature.
- the estimated current buffer temperature is referred to as “estimated buffer temperature”.
- step S14 the controller 4 calculates a temperature difference (hereinafter referred to as “third temperature difference”) between the current stack temperature detected by the water temperature sensor 42 and the estimated buffer temperature.
- step S15 the controller 4 refers to a map of FIG. 7 to be described later, and sets the startup anode pressure based on the third differential temperature and the total inert gas permeation amount Qidle.
- step S16 the controller 4 sets the idle stop flag f to 0.
- FIG. 5 is a table for calculating the permeation coefficient of the inert gas based on the stack temperature. This permeability coefficient is a physical property value determined by the material and thickness of the electrolyte membrane.
- the permeability coefficient of the inert gas increases as the stack temperature increases.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method for estimating the second temperature difference (temperature difference between the buffer temperature and the outside air temperature after the idle stop time has elapsed).
- the buffer temperature during idle stop gradually decreases according to the heat dissipation characteristics of the buffer tank 36.
- the heat dissipation characteristics of the buffer tank 36 can be examined in advance by experiments or the like. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, if the first differential temperature is known, it can be estimated from the heat dissipation characteristics of the buffer tank 36 how the buffer temperature decreases with the passage of time.
- the temperature difference that is, the temperature difference between the buffer temperature and the outside air temperature when the idle stop time has elapsed can be estimated.
- FIG. 7 is a map for setting the starting anode pressure based on the third differential temperature (the temperature difference between the stack temperature and the buffer temperature after the idle stop time has elapsed) and the total inert gas permeation amount Qidle.
- the starting anode pressure after the idle stop decreases as the temperature difference between the third differential temperature, that is, the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 and the buffer tank 36 after the idle stop time elapses increases. Further, even when the third temperature difference is the same, the startup anode pressure after idle stop is set higher as the inert gas permeation total amount Qidle increases.
- the start is performed.
- the anode pressure at start-up was set according to the temperature difference (third temperature difference) between the stack temperature and the buffer temperature at that time. Specifically, the anode pressure at start-up is lowered as the temperature difference (third temperature difference) between the stack temperature and the buffer temperature increases, that is, as the buffer temperature becomes lower than the stack temperature.
- the pressure in the buffer tank 36 after the same amount of the inert gas existing in the anode gas flow path 121 is pumped to the buffer tank 36 is larger than that in the case where the stack temperature and the buffer temperature are the same. It is lower when the temperature is lower than the stack temperature.
- the starting anode pressure is set according to the amount of inert gas in the anode gas passage 121 before starting, ignoring the buffer temperature.
- an amount of anode gas more than the amount necessary for pumping the inert gas in the anode gas flow path 121 to the buffer tank 36 is supplied, resulting in a deterioration in fuel consumption.
- the anode pressure at the time of startup is reduced as the buffer temperature becomes lower than the stack temperature, so that the inert gas in the anode gas flow path 121 is pumped to the buffer tank 36. It is possible to suppress the supply of an anode gas more than the amount necessary for the operation. Therefore, deterioration of fuel consumption can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the pressure input to the electrolyte membrane is also reduced, the durability of the electrolyte membrane, and hence the fuel cell system, can be improved.
- the anode pressure at start-up is set in consideration of the total amount of inert gas permeating into the anode gas flow path 121 during the stop of the fuel cell system 1 (inert gas permeation total amount Qidle). It was. Specifically, the anode pressure at start-up is increased as the total inert gas permeation amount Qidle is increased.
- the inert gas in the anode gas passage 121 can be reliably pumped to the buffer tank 36.
- the buffer temperature depends on the stack temperature before the fuel cell system 1 is stopped, the stop time (idle stop time) from when the fuel cell system 1 is stopped to when it is started, and the outside air temperature. It was decided to estimate.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of an anode gas non-circulating fuel cell system 11 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the anode gas supply device 3 of the fuel cell system 1 includes a temperature sensor 39 that detects the temperature of the buffer tank 36.
- the temperature sensor 39 is attached to the buffer tank 36 and detects the temperature of a part of the space in the buffer tank 36 or the temperature of a part of the outer wall of the buffer tank 36.
- the temperature of the buffer tank 36 detected by the temperature sensor 39 is referred to as “detection buffer temperature”.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining start-up control according to the present embodiment.
- the controller 4 executes this routine at a predetermined calculation cycle (for example, 10 [ms]) during operation of the fuel cell system 1.
- a predetermined calculation cycle for example, 10 [ms]
- step S15 and step S16 Since the processing from step S1 to step S10, step S15 and step S16 is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted here.
- step S21 the controller 4 calculates the average value of the detected buffer temperature and the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 45, and sets this average value as the estimated buffer temperature.
- the buffer tank 36 has a large volume and radiates heat to the outside air through the outer wall. Therefore, there is a possibility that the temperature may be uneven inside the buffer tank 36, and the detection buffer temperature is not necessarily within the buffer tank 36. May not indicate the exact temperature. Therefore, in this embodiment, the average value of the detection buffer temperature and the outside air temperature is used as the estimated buffer temperature. Thereby, the buffer temperature can be estimated with high accuracy.
- the buffer tank 36 as a space for storing the anode off gas is provided in the anode gas discharge passage 35.
- the internal manifold of the fuel cell stack 2 may be used as a space instead of the buffer tank 36.
- the internal manifold referred to here is a space inside the fuel cell stack where the anode off-gas that has finished flowing through the anode gas flow path 121 of each separator is collected. Discharged.
- the startup anode pressure is set according to the temperature difference between the stack temperature and the buffer temperature when the fuel cell system 1 is started after the idle stop.
- an anode pressure at start-up may be set when there is a possibility of a temperature difference between the stack temperature and the buffer temperature at the start-up of the fuel cell system 1.
- the present invention is not limited to when the battery system 1 is activated.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
燃料電池は電解質膜をアノード電極(燃料極)とカソード電極(酸化剤極)とで挟み、アノード電極に水素を含有するアノードガス(燃料ガス)、カソード電極に酸素を含有するカソードガス(酸化剤ガス)を供給することによって発電する。アノード電極及びカソード電極の両電極において進行する電極反応は以下の通りである。
カソード電極 : 4H+ +4e- +O2 →2H2O …(2)
具体的には、まずアノード側の不活性ガスの分圧初期値を0[kPa]として、カソード側のカソードガス中の不活性ガスの分圧(例えば76[kPa])との分圧差を算出する。次に、後述する図5のテーブルを参照し、スタック温度に基づいて、不活性ガスの透過係数を算出する。最後に、算出した分圧差に透過係数を乗じて不活性ガスの単位透過量ΔQを算出する。
なお、最初の演算ではアノード側の不活性ガスの分圧初期値は0[kPa]に設定されるが、2回目以降の演算では、後述する不活性ガス透過総量Qidleに基づいて算出されたアノード側の不活性ガスの分圧が、分圧初期値として設定される。
次に、本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。本発明の第2実施形態は、バッファ温度の推定方法が第1実施形態と相異する。以下、その相違点について説明する。なお、以下に示す各実施形態では前述した第1実施形態と同様の機能を果たす部分には、同一の符号を用いて重複する説明を適宜省略する。
Claims (5)
- アノードガス及びカソードガスを燃料電池に供給して発電する燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池に供給するアノードガスの圧力を制御する制御弁と、
前記燃料電池から排出されるアノードオフガスを蓄えるバッファ部と、
前記燃料電池システムの起動時に、前記燃料電池に供給するアノードガスの圧力を制御して、前記燃料電池のアノードガス流路内の不活性ガスを前記バッファ部に圧送する起動時アノードガス圧力制御手段と、
を備え、
前記起動時アノードガス圧力制御手段は、前記燃料電池の温度と前記バッファ部の温度との温度差に応じてアノードガスの圧力を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 前記起動時アノードガス圧力制御手段は、
前記バッファ部の温度が、前記燃料電池の温度に対して低いときほど、アノードガスの圧力を低くする、
請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記起動時アノードガス圧力制御手段は、
前記燃料電池システムの起動時における前記燃料電池のアノードガス流路内の不活性ガス量が多いときほど、アノードガスの圧力を高くする、
請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池システムの停止前の前記燃料電池の温度、燃料電池システムが停止されてから再始動されるまでの停止時間、及び、外気温に応じて前記バッファ部の温度を推定するバッファ温度推定手段を備える、
請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記バッファ部の一部の温度を検出する温度検出手段と、
前記バッファ部の一部の温度と外気温とに応じて前記バッファ部の温度を推定するバッファ温度推定手段を備える、
請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システム。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201280048634.3A CN103843183A (zh) | 2011-10-04 | 2012-09-20 | 燃料电池系统 |
CA2851089A CA2851089A1 (en) | 2011-10-04 | 2012-09-20 | Fuel cell system with anode gas pressure control at start-up thereof |
US14/349,578 US20140242487A1 (en) | 2011-10-04 | 2012-09-20 | Fuel cell system |
JP2013537465A JP5673846B2 (ja) | 2011-10-04 | 2012-09-20 | 燃料電池システム |
EP12838477.3A EP2765639B1 (en) | 2011-10-04 | 2012-09-20 | Fuel cell system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011219753 | 2011-10-04 | ||
JP2011-219753 | 2011-10-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013051398A1 true WO2013051398A1 (ja) | 2013-04-11 |
Family
ID=48043562
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/073982 WO2013051398A1 (ja) | 2011-10-04 | 2012-09-20 | 燃料電池システム |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140242487A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2765639B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5673846B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103843183A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2851089A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013051398A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014216856A1 (de) | 2014-08-25 | 2016-02-25 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Starten einer Brennstoffzelle sowie Brennstoffzellensystem |
JP6229634B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-24 | 2017-11-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムと車両および開閉バルブの駆動不良判定方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007242265A (ja) | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-20 | Canon Inc | 燃料電池、および燃料電池の運転方法 |
JP2008097966A (ja) * | 2006-10-11 | 2008-04-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム、および、その制御方法 |
JP2008176975A (ja) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-31 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
JP2009026525A (ja) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-02-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2010129354A (ja) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-10 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101351692B1 (ko) * | 2005-12-02 | 2014-01-14 | 파나소닉 주식회사 | 연료 전지 시스템 |
EP2357699B1 (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2016-10-12 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and method for controlling same |
WO2011033879A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-24 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの制御装置及び制御方法 |
-
2012
- 2012-09-20 US US14/349,578 patent/US20140242487A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-09-20 CA CA2851089A patent/CA2851089A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-09-20 WO PCT/JP2012/073982 patent/WO2013051398A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-09-20 CN CN201280048634.3A patent/CN103843183A/zh active Pending
- 2012-09-20 EP EP12838477.3A patent/EP2765639B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-09-20 JP JP2013537465A patent/JP5673846B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007242265A (ja) | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-20 | Canon Inc | 燃料電池、および燃料電池の運転方法 |
JP2008097966A (ja) * | 2006-10-11 | 2008-04-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム、および、その制御方法 |
JP2008176975A (ja) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-31 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
JP2009026525A (ja) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-02-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2010129354A (ja) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-10 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2765639A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5673846B2 (ja) | 2015-02-18 |
EP2765639B1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
CA2851089A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
EP2765639A1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
US20140242487A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
CN103843183A (zh) | 2014-06-04 |
JPWO2013051398A1 (ja) | 2015-03-30 |
EP2765639A4 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9034495B2 (en) | Fuel cell system | |
JP6187599B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP5737395B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP5741713B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP5804181B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 | |
JP5704228B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP5858138B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 | |
US9853316B2 (en) | Fuel cell system | |
JP5915730B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 | |
WO2013180080A1 (ja) | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池システムの制御方法 | |
JP5673846B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP6304366B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP2013182690A (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP2006092801A (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP2013182688A (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP6028347B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP5871014B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP2020170650A (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP2009187689A (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JPWO2013129241A1 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 | |
JP2008305702A (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP2011187340A (ja) | 燃料電池システム |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12838477 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013537465 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2851089 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14349578 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012838477 Country of ref document: EP |