WO2013040948A1 - 一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法 - Google Patents

一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法 Download PDF

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WO2013040948A1
WO2013040948A1 PCT/CN2012/079090 CN2012079090W WO2013040948A1 WO 2013040948 A1 WO2013040948 A1 WO 2013040948A1 CN 2012079090 W CN2012079090 W CN 2012079090W WO 2013040948 A1 WO2013040948 A1 WO 2013040948A1
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distribution system
power distribution
main transformer
domain
main
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French (fr)
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肖峻
王成山
余贻鑫
谷文卓
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/133Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by using digital technique
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/06Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by measuring current and voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06Energy or water supply
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2103/00Details of circuit arrangements for mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2103/30Simulating, planning, modelling, reliability check or computer assisted design [CAD] of electric power networks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/20Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of power distribution system security domain, in particular to a domain-based power distribution system security evaluation method. Background technique
  • the power distribution system is the link between the end user and the power generation system or the power transmission system, and is an important link to ensure reliable power supply for users.
  • the smart grid will completely transform the power distribution system and realize the full informationization of the power distribution system. It can obtain a large amount of real-time information of the power grid through new sensors and communication means.
  • the intelligent switch equipment will be widely used to provide safe and efficient operation of the power distribution system. New basic conditions. In the transmission system, in the past ten years, the research on the safety domain has achieved a series of results, and has been applied in the provincial network, Tianjin, Henan and other provincial network scheduling and North America.
  • the current power distribution system security research is limited to the N-1 method and the post-fault recovery power supply method.
  • the traditional distribution network N-1 safety analysis method is to analyze the faults of each component and analyze the safety after the fault. The calculation is large and the speed is slow. It is suitable for use in off-line analysis and cannot meet the requirements of real-time online operation. . Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a domain-based power distribution system safety evaluation method, which reduces the calculation amount, improves the running speed, and can meet the requirements of real-time online operation, as described below:
  • a domain-based power distribution system security evaluation method comprising the following steps:
  • step (3) determining whether the working point is in the power distribution system according to a distance between the working point and the safety boundary Within the security domain, if yes, perform step (4); if no, perform step (5);
  • the power distribution system security domain is generally:
  • T T ⁇ H ieH (6)
  • g (T) denotes a series of inequality constraints on T, the rated capacity of the main transformer; the rated capacity of the main transformer _ / 7 the load ratio of the main variable; Load rate; .
  • the main change becomes the set of in-station contact main changes in the main change contact unit of the center; ⁇ is the main change contact unit with the main change center and the off-site contact main change set; 7 ⁇ protagonist is the lower limit of 7; J max is 7 The upper limit of ;; is the heavy load area; formula (2) indicates that the capacity transferred to other main transformers when the main transformer has a " ⁇ " fault is equal to its own load; formula (3) indicates that the main transformer has the same "N- ⁇ " fault.
  • the load of the main transformer of the substation shall not exceed their short-term allowable capacity value; formula (4) indicates that the main transformer of different substation cannot be overloaded when the main transformer has "N- ⁇ "fault; formula (5) indicates that the " ⁇ " fault occurs.
  • the transfer capacity between the main transformers shall not exceed the allowable capacity of the tie line between the main transformers; Equation (6) represents each main transformer in the heavy load zone.
  • the load rate needs to be between the upper and lower limits of the load rate.
  • the security boundary is specifically:
  • the power distribution system security domain is simplified to - Where J is defined as a contact unit, representing a main transformer and a set of all main transformers that are in contact with the main transformer, each inequality being a security boundary of the power distribution system security domain, the security boundary being in the load rate space In the hyperplane, the power distribution system security domain is enclosed by a security boundary.
  • the obtaining the distance between the working point and the security boundary in the step (2) is specifically: the distance between the working point and the security boundary can be calculated by the following formula:
  • the unit of k ⁇ i is MVA.
  • the invention provides a domain-based power distribution system security evaluation method, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
  • the invention is the first application of the domain methodology in the safe and efficient operation of the distribution network, and can provide the operating personnel with the current safety margin and optimal control information of the power distribution system, thereby enabling online real-time security monitoring and defense of the power distribution system. Control is more scientific and effective. In the future smart grid background, the invention has great application prospects. Since the number of dispatching centers of the power distribution system is more and more widely distributed, after the application of the power distribution system security domain, the existing power distribution fault recovery process can be quickly monitored and the preventive control measures are taken. Greatly improve the safe operation level of the power distribution system.
  • the determination and accurate calculation of the safety boundary is a prerequisite for raising the load rate of the device to a level close to the safety limit; the invention is more efficient and practical than the conventional N-1 check, and not only determines the safety of the work point, Moreover, the position of the working point in the safety domain of the distribution network is given, which provides important information for the analysis and control of safety; and as long as the topology of the distribution system is fixed, regardless of the state of the communication switch, the distribution system Security domain is solid Fixed, reduced the amount of calculation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a security domain of a power distribution system provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a power distribution system provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for security evaluation of a domain-based power distribution system according to the present invention. detailed description
  • the Total Supply Capability (TSC) of the distribution system is an important indicator for evaluating the safe and economic operation of the distribution network in recent years.
  • the maximum power supply capacity of the power distribution system TSC corresponds to the maximum transmission capacity of the transmission system TTC.
  • the substation main transformer load when the maximum power supply capacity is reached is exactly the safety domain boundary of the power distribution system injection power space [1] .
  • the method of the present invention applies the domain methodology to the safe and stable operation of the power distribution system, defines a Distribution System Security Region (DSSR) that meets the characteristics of the power distribution system, and proposes a power distribution system security domain. Fast calculation method. Based on the security domain of the power distribution system, a security evaluation method based on the security domain of the power distribution system is proposed.
  • DSSR Distribution System Security Region
  • the distribution system security domain is defined as the set of all operating points T that meet the N-1 security constraints in the distribution network in the load rate space. It describes the area where the distribution system as a whole can operate safely and stably.
  • ⁇ ... 7 is a vector in the n -dimensional European space T ( T e R )
  • ⁇ " is the load rate space
  • ⁇ dining is the load ratio of the nth main transformer.
  • Modeling the distribution system security domain in the load rate space is the intersection of the operational points that meet the various security constraints of the power distribution system. Therefore, the power distribution system security domain is generally -
  • ⁇ 7 ( ⁇ ) ⁇ 0 ⁇ g ( T ) denotes a series of inequality constraints on T, and the distribution system security domain of n main transformers is expressed as:
  • the rated capacity of the main transformer the rated capacity of the main variable _ / ';7; the load rate of the main change; ⁇ the load rate of the main variable j; T riJ main change i occurs N- ⁇ fault + Transfer the load to the main variable j; k allow the overload factor when the main variable is short; RLw is the limit capacity of the tie line between the main change i and the main change j;
  • formula (2) indicates that the capacity transferred to other main transformers when the main transformer has a " ⁇ " fault is equal to its own load
  • formula (3) indicates that the main transformer of the same substation with the main transformer has a load that must not exceed their load.
  • the short-term allowable capacity value indicates that the main transformer of the different substation cannot be overloaded when the main transformer has an "N- ⁇ ” fault
  • Equation (5) indicates that the main inter-transform transfer capacity must not exceed the main transformer when the "N-" fault occurs.
  • the inter-line line allows capacity
  • Equation (6) indicates that the load rate of each main transformer in the heavy-duty area needs to be between the upper and lower limits of the load rate.
  • the distribution system security domain is simplified. It is assumed that all the main transformer contact capacity is the condition that the load can be guaranteed, and the load in the distribution network is relatively average. At this time, the power distribution system security domain can be simplified as:
  • J is defined as a contact unit, representing the main transformer and a collection of all the main transformers that are in contact with the main transformer.
  • the inequality group (7) contains "inequalities, and each inequality is a security boundary of the distribution system security domain.
  • the security boundary is a hyperplane in the load rate space, indicating the N- of the main transformer. 1 constraint, with The electrical system security domain DSSR is enclosed by a "safety boundary.”
  • the location of the working point in the DSSR of the power distribution system can know the degree of safety or insecurity of the power distribution system.
  • the position of the working point in the DSSR can be described by the distance of the working point in the load rate space from each hyperplane. In the load rate space towel, the distance between the working point and the safety boundary A can be calculated by the following equation
  • step 103 determining, according to the distance between the working point and the security boundary, whether the working point is in the power distribution system security domain, if yes, executing step 104; if not, performing step 105;
  • DSSR when A is positive, when the working point is in the safety domain of the power distribution system, the power distribution system is in safe operation; otherwise, when A is negative, the power distribution system is unsafe, that is, when the working point meets the power distribution system Safety domain constraints are safe, and this method can analyze the safety of the power distribution system.
  • the unit is MVA.
  • step 105 Adjust the load of the main transformer until the working point returns to the safety domain of the power distribution system, and go to step 104.
  • the load of the main transformer is adjusted accordingly, and the above steps 101-103 are re-executed, and when the working point returns to the security domain of the power distribution system, step 104 is performed to obtain the load of the contact unit. After the shortfall or margin ⁇ , the process ends.
  • the distribution system security domain when there are only three main transformers in the distribution network, the distribution system security domain is in the 3-dimensional space.
  • the distribution system security domain can be represented as a visual graph.
  • Each face and the three planes of yellow, purple and orange represent the safety boundary (the safety boundary is hyperplane in the n-dimensional space), and the safety domain of the distribution system is the yellow and orange planes in the figure and the three planes around the origin. a polyhedron. If there are more than 3 main transformers in the distribution network system, the load rate of some main transformers can be fixed, and DSSR visual analysis is performed separately.
  • the power distribution system is shown in Figure 2.
  • the interconnection relationship between the main transformers is shown in Table 1.
  • Table 1 Substation data in the distribution system
  • Main transformer overload factor 1 according to the contact relationship of the main transformer in the power distribution system, the data in Table 1 and the equation (7) can be obtained as the safety domain of the power distribution system.
  • the distribution system security domain is surrounded by six hyperplanes, which are numbered ⁇ - ⁇ 5 respectively.
  • the safety of the power distribution system will be analyzed in conjunction with the working point.
  • the distance of the point from each security boundary indicates its location in the security domain of the power distribution system, which in turn indicates its security.
  • Table 2 gives the ⁇ .
  • the no-load point is the safest working point. Because there is no load, the working point is the distance from each safety boundary. big. However, the efficiency of the no-load operating point is also zero, which is an extreme case.
  • the re-evaluation after taking safety control measures is described by taking the load of adjusting single and two main transformers as an example.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a domain-based power distribution system security evaluation method, and the embodiment of the present invention is the first application of the domain methodology in the safe and efficient operation of the distribution network, and can provide the current system for the operating personnel.
  • the safety margin and optimal control information make the online real-time security monitoring, defense and control of the power distribution system more scientific and effective.
  • the embodiments of the present invention have great application prospects. Since the number of dispatching centers of the power distribution system is more and more widely distributed, after the application of the power distribution system security domain, the existing power distribution faults can be quickly restored to the stage of real-time security monitoring and preventive control measures, thereby greatly improving the distribution.
  • the determination and accurate calculation of the security boundary is a precondition for raising the device load rate level to a level close to the safety limit; the embodiment of the present invention is more efficient and practical than the traditional N-1 check, and not only determines the safety of the work point.

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Abstract

一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法包括以下步骤:①根据配电系统中的主变的容量以及主变间的联络关系获取配电系统安全域以及安全边界(101);②获取工作点与安全边界之间的距离(102);③根据工作点与安全边界之间的距离判断工作点是否在配电系统安全域内(103),如果是,执行步骤④;如果否,执行步骤⑤;④获取联络单元的负荷缺额或裕量Li,流程结束(104);⑤对主变的负荷进行调整,直到工作点回到配电系统安全域内,执行步骤④(105)。该方法减少了计算量,提高了运行速度,并可以满足实时在线运行的要求。

Description

一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法
技术领域
本发明涉及配电系统安全域领域, 特别涉及一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法。 背景技术
配电系统是联系终端用户和发电系统或输电系统的纽带, 是保证用户可靠供电的重要 环节。 智能电网将彻底变革配电系统, 实现配电系统的充分信息化, 可以通过新型传感器 和通讯手段获配电网的大量实时信息, 智能开关设备将广泛使用, 为配电系统的安全高效 运行提供全新的基础条件。 在输电系统中, 近十几年来, 安全域的研究已经取得了一系列 成果, 并已在国调中心、 天津、 河南等省网调度以及北美得以应用。 安全域方法的提出加 深对电力系统安全域边界的性质与规律的认识, 可提供系统工作点在安全域中的相对位 置, 从而获得各种必要信息, 大大减少了计算量, 并使各种与调度相关的最优化问题中稳 定性约束的计及变得十分简易。 配电系统的安全性理论研究相对输电系统非常薄弱。 《城 市电力网规划设计导则》 规定了 N-1安全准则, 并依此为依据进行电网的规划、 建设和运 行。
发明人在实现本发明的过程中, 发现现有技术中至少存在以下缺点和不足: 目前的配电系统安全性研究都限于 N-1方法以及故障后恢复供电方法。 传统的配电网 N-1 安全性分析方法是对逐个元件假想故障并对故障后的安全性进行分析, 计算量大、 速 度慢, 适合在离线分析中使用, 并不能满足实时在线运行的要求。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法, 该方法减少 了计算量, 提高了运行速度, 并可以满足实时在线运行的要求, 详见下文描述:
—种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)根据配电系统中的主变的容量以及主变间的联络关系获取配电系统安全域以及安 全边界;
(2)获取工作点与所述安全边界之间的距离;
(3)根据所述工作点与所述安全边界之间的距离判断所述工作点是否在所述配电系统 安全域内, 如果是, 执行步骤 (4); 如果否, 执行步骤 (5);
(4)获取联络单元的负荷缺额或裕量 , 流程结束;
(5)对主变的负荷进行调整,直到所述工作点回到所述配电系统安全域内,执行步骤 (4)。 所述配电系统安全域通用为:
Ω ={7>(Γ)≤0} η台主变的配电系统安全域为:
II
(2)
+ (3)
(4)
Figure imgf000004_0001
T ≤H ieH (6) g (T) 表示对 T的一系列不等式约束, 为主变 的额定容量; 为主变_ /的额定容 量; 7为主变 的负载率; }为主变 '的负载率; . 为主变 发生 N-1故障时向主变 转 移负荷的大小; A为主变短时允许过载系数; RIV为主变 与主变_ /间联络线的极限容量; 为以主变 为中心的主变联络单元中的站内联络主变集合; Ω 为以主变 为中心的 主变联络单元中和站外联络主变集合; 7^„为7的下限; Jmax为 7;的上限; H为重载区; 公式 (2) 表示主变 发生 "ΝΛ"故障时向其他主变转移的容量等于自身负荷; 公式 (3) 表示主变 发生 "N-\"故障时相同变电站的主变所带负荷不得超过它们短时允许容量值; 公式 (4)表示主变 发生 "N-\"故障时不同变电站的主变不能过载; 公式 (5)表示发生 "ΝΛ"故障时主变间转移容量不得超过主变间联络线允许容量; 公式 (6) 表示重载区内 每个主变的负载率需要介于负载率上下限之间。
所述安全边界 具体为:
首先将所述配电系统安全域简化为-
Figure imgf000005_0001
其中, J 定义为联络单元, 表示主变 以及所有与主变 有联络关系的主变的集合, 每一个不等式为所述配电系统安全域的一个安全边界,所述安全边界 为在负载率空间中 的超平面, 所述配电系统安全域由《个安全边界 围成。
步骤 (2)中的所述获取所述工作点与所述安全边界之间的距离具体为: 所述工作点与所述安全边界 之间的距离可由下式算出
Figure imgf000005_0002
步骤 (4)中的所述获取联络单元的负荷缺额或裕量 具体为: =∑ ¾ -∑ R k = J∑ Rt 2 x|A| (9)
keLUi keLUi keLUi
k≠i 的单位为 MVA。
本发明提供的一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法, 与现有技术相比具有如下的优 点:
本发明是域方法学在配电网安全高效运行中的首次应用, 能够为运行人员提供配电系 统当前的安全裕度和最优控制信息, 从而使配电系统的在线实时安全监视、 防御与控制更 科学、 有效。 在未来智能电网背景下, 本发明具有巨大的应用前景。 由于配电系统的调度 中心数量更多、 分布更广泛, 配电系统安全域应用后, 能将现有的配电故障的快速恢复处 理过程到实时安全监控、 采取预防性控制措施的阶段, 从而大大提高配电系统的安全运行 水平。 并且, 安全边界的确定和精确计算是将设备负载率水平提高到接近安全极限水平的 前提条件; 本发明相对于传统的 N-1校验更加高效, 实用, 不仅判断了工作点的安全性, 而且给出了工作点在配电网安全域中的位置, 为安全性的分析与控制提供了重要的信息; 而且只要当配电系统的拓扑结构固定, 不论联络开关处于什么状态, 配电系统安全域是固 定的, 减少了计算量。 附图说明
图 1为本发明提供的配电系统安全域的示意图;
图 2为本发明提供的配电系统的结构示意图;
图 3为本发明提供的一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法的流程图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作 进一步地详细描述。
配电系统最大供电能力(Total Supply Capability, TSC )是近年来新提出的评价配电网 安全经济运行的重要指标。 配电系统最大供电能力 TSC 对应了输电系统最大输电能力 TTC。 经发明人研究发现, 达到最大供电能力时的变电站主变负载正好是配电系统注入功 率空间的安全域边界 [1]
本发明实施例首次将域的方法学应用于配电系统的安全稳定运行中, 定义符合配电系 统特点的配电系统安全域(Distribution System Security Region, DSSR), 并提出了配电系统 安全域的快速计算方法。 基于配电系统安全域, 提出了基于配电系统安全域的安全性评价 方法。
101: 根据配电系统中的主变的容量以及主变间的联络关系获取配电系统安全域以及 安全边界;
配电系统 N-1安全性中要求任意元件故障时负荷能顺利转带, 对配电系统各主变的容 量提出了约束, 这一系列的约束条件可看做在负载率空间中的安全域, 而每个约束可认为 是安全域的一个边界。 配电系统安全域定义为在负载率空间内满足配电网中 N-1安全性约 束的所有工作点 T 的集合, 它描述的是配电系统整体能安全稳定运行的区域。 其中, ^^ …7 )是 n维欧式空间 Γ ( T e R ) 中的一个向量, Γ"为负载率空间, 其中 Γ„为 第 η台主变的负载率。
将配电系统安全域建模在负载率空间中, 是满足配电系统各种安全约束的可运行点的 交集, 因此, 配电系统安全域通用为-
Ω = {7 (Γ)≤0} g ( T) 表示对 T的一系列不等式约束, n台主变的配电系统安全域表示为:
(2)
(3)
tW ≤R (v,,j ) (4)
Figure imgf000007_0001
T ≤H i e H (6)
II
其中, 为主变 的额定容量; 为主变_ /'的额定容量; 7;为主变 的负载率; }为主 变 j的负载率; TriJ为主变 i发生 N-\故障 +时向主变 j转移负荷的大小; k为主变短时允许 过载系数; RLw为主变 i与主变 j间联络线的极限容量;
为以主变 为中心的主变联络单元中的站内联络主变集合; Ω 为以主变 为中心的 主变联络单元中和站外联络主变集合; 7^„为7的下限; Jmax为 7;的上限; H为重载区。
其中, 公式(2)表示主变 发生 "ΝΛ "故障时向其他主变转移的容量等于自身负荷; 公式 (3 ) 表示主变 发生 "ΝΛ "故障时相同变电站的主变所带负荷不得超过它们短时允 许容量值; 公式(4)表示主变 发生 "N-\ "故障时不同变电站的主变不能过载; 公式(5 ) 表示发生 "N- "故障时主变间转移容量不得超过主变间联络线允许容量; 公式 (6) 表示 重载区内每个主变的负载率需要介于负载率上下限之间。
为突出反映配电系统安全域的主要因素和简化计算, 对配电系统安全域进行简化。 假 设在所有的主变联络容量是可以保证负荷的转带的条件下, 而且配电网内负荷较为平均, 此时, 配电系统安全域可以简化为:
Figure imgf000007_0002
其中, J 定义为联络单元, 表示主变 以及所有与主变 有联络关系的主变的集合。 其中, 不等式组 (7) 中包含着 "个不等式, 每一个不等式即为配电系统安全域的一 个安全边界, 该安全边界为在负载率空间中的超平面, 表示了对主变 的 N-1约束, 配 电系统安全域 DSSR由《个安全边界 围成。
102: 获取工作点与安全边界之间的距离;
其中, 由工作点在配电系统安全域 DSSR中的位置, 可以知道配电系统安全或不安全 的程度。工作点在 DSSR中的位置可由工作点在负载率空间中距离各超平面的距离来描述。 在负载率空间巾, 工作点与安全边界 A之间的距离可由下式算出
Figure imgf000008_0001
103: 根据工作点与安全边界之间的距离判断工作点是否在配电系统安全域内, 如果 是, 执行步骤 104; 如果否, 执行步骤 105 ;
根据 DSSR定义, A为正值时, 工作点在配电系统安全域内时, 配电系统处于安全运 行状态; 否则, A为负值时, 配电系统不安全, 即当工作点满足配电系统安全域约束时是 安全的, 由此方法可分析配电系统的安全性。
104: 获取联络单元的负荷缺额或裕量 , 流程结束;
当安全距离与联络单元在主变 发生 N-1时失去的负荷量成正比,当距离 A为正值时, 与联络单元的富余容量成正比。 表示联络单元的负荷缺额或裕量, 可表示为
Figure imgf000008_0002
L,的单位为 MVA。
105: 对主变的负荷进行调整, 直到工作点回到配电系统安全域内, 执行步骤 104。 其中, 具体操作时, 根据 A的取值, 对主变的负荷进行相应的调整, 重新执行上述步 骤 101-103, 当工作点回到配电系统安全域内, 执行步骤 104, 得到联络单元的负荷缺额或 裕量^后, 流程结束。
其中, 参见图 1, 当配电网中只有三台主变时, 配电系统安全域是在 3维空间中的, 在三维空间中配电系统安全域可以表示为可视化图形, 图中正方体的各个面以及黄、 紫和 橙三个平面表示了安全边界 (在 n维空间中安全边界为超平面), 配电系统安全域为图中 黄, 橙色两个平面以及过原点的三个平面围成的多面体。 如果配网系统中主变个数超过 3 个, 可将某些主变的负载率固定, 分别来进行 DSSR可视化分析。
下面用一个配电系统来说明本发明实施例中的实施方式, 详见下文描述: 1、 配电系统基本情况
配电系统如图 2所示, 各主变间的互联关系如表 1所示。 表 1 配电系统中变电站数据
Figure imgf000009_0001
主变过载系数 1, 根据配电系统中主变的联络关系, 表 1中的数据以及式子(7)可 得配电系统安全域为
407; +407 <40
407; + 407; + 407; + 637; ≤ 143
_ 407; + 407; + 40T4 + 63Γ5 + 637; < 206
― I 40Γ3 +40Γ4+ 63Τ5 + 63Γ6 ≤ 166
40Τ2 + 40Τ3 + 40Γ4 + 63Γ5 + 637; < 183
407; + 40Γ4 + 63Τ5 + 63Γ6 ≤ 143
由配电系统安全域可以看出, 配电系统安全域由六个超平面围成, 这六个超平面分别 被编号为 ^-^5
2、 基于配电系统安全域的安全性分析
下面将结合工作点对配电系统的安全性进行分析- 当配电系统中所有主变都是空载, 工作点为 Γ =(0,0,0,0,0,0), 可以用工作点距离各安 全边界的距离来表示其在配电系统安全域中的位置, 进而表示其安全性。 表 2给出了 Γ。距 离各安全边界的距离。 表 2 Γη距离各安全边界的距离
Figure imgf000009_0002
理论上空载点是最安全的工作点, 因为没有负荷, 工作点距离各安全边界的距离是最 大的。 但空载工作点的效率也为 0, 是一种极端情况。
当配电系统中所有主变都是半载运行时, 工作点表示为?^二 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ,
JM/在配电系统安全域中的位置在表 3中给出。 表 3 T f距离各安全边界的距离
Figure imgf000010_0001
由表 3可看出, 工作点:^^距离所有边界的距离均非负, 是安全的。 ^为 0, 表明其 处丁安全边界之上, 需引起注意。
取工作点为: ?^ =(0.8,0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8), ^在配电系统安全域中的位置在表 4 中给 出。 表 4 ;„d距离各安全边界的距离
Figure imgf000010_0002
由表 4可以看出, 此工作点 ;∞1是不安全的, 因为它已经超出了四个安全边界以外, 以 B!为例, L!为 -24, 这就意味着当主变 1发生 N-1时, 联络单元 1要丢失 24MVA的负 荷。
以调整单台和两台主变的负荷为例来描述采取安全性控制措施后的再评价。
1 ) 调整单台主变的负荷
主变中有 6 台主变, 如果要控制单台主变, 有六种情况, 以工作点 0.3, 0.8, 0.6, 0.7, 0.7, 0.6)为例,如果将主变 1的负载率降为 0.2或将主变 2的负荷降为 0.7, 配电系统处于安全状态。 而配电系统会失去 40x0.1=4MVA的负荷。
2) 调整两台主变的负荷
以工作点 Γ = (0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.9 ,0.7, 0.7)为例, 该工作点在配电系统安全域中的位置在表 5 中给出。 表 5 Γ'距离各安全边界的距离
Figure imgf000011_0001
由表 5可以看出,配电系统处于不安全工作状态,当主变 6发生 N-1时,将失去 5.2MVA 的负荷。 因此, 此工作点需作出调整。 以主变 1和主变 4调整负荷为例, 主变 1和主变 4 的负载率需被调整至 = 0.5, r4 = 0.7时, 经计算配电系统回到配电系统安全域内。 综上所述, 本发明实施例提供了一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法, 本发明实施例 是域方法学在配电网安全高效运行中的首次应用, 能够为运行人员提供系统当前的安全裕 度和最优控制信息, 从而使配电系统的在线实时安全监视、 防御与控制更科学、 有效。 在 未来智能电网背景下, 本发明实施例具有巨大的应用前景。 由于配电系统的调度中心数量 更多、 分布更广泛, 配电系统安全域应用后, 能将现有的配电故障快速恢复到实时安全监 控、 采取预防性控制措施的阶段, 从而大大提高配电系统的安全运行水平。 并且, 安全边 界的确定和精确计算是将设备负载率水平提高到接近安全极限水平的前提条件; 本发明实 施例相对于传统的 N-1校验更加高效, 实用, 不仅判断了工作点的安全性, 而且给出了工 作点在配电系统安全域中的位置, 为安全性的分析与控制提供了重要的信息; 而且只要当 配电系统的拓扑结构固定, 不论联络开关处于什么状态, 配电系统安全域是固定的, 减少 了计算量。 参考文献
[l]Jun Xiao, Fangxing Li, Wenzhuo Gu, et al, "Total Supply Capability (TSC) and
Associated Indices for Distribution Planning: Definition, Model, Calculation and
Applications", IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 5, Issue 8, pp.
869-876, August 2011.
本领域技术人员可以理解附图只是一个优选实施例的示意图, 上述本发明实施例序号 仅仅为了描述, 不代表实施例的优劣。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的精神和原则 之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)根据配电系统中的主变的容量以及主变间的联络关系获取配电系统安全域以及安 全边界;
(2)获取工作点与所述安全边界之间的距离;
(3)根据所述工作点与所述安全边界之间的距离判断所述工作点是否在所述配电系统 安全域内, 如果是, 执行步骤 (4); 如果否, 执行步骤 (5);
(4)获取联络单元的负荷缺额或裕量 , 流程结束;
(5)对主变的负荷进行调整,直到所述工作点回到所述配电系统安全域内,执行步骤 (4)。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法, 其特征在于, 所述 配电系统安全域通用为:
Ω = {7>(Γ)≤0}
( 1 ) η台主变的配电系统安全域为:
R = ∑ ^ +∑ tr (V/) (2) tr +R T≤kR Nije ii上 (3)
tr +R T≤R八 Νί,, ίΕ ' (4)
Figure imgf000012_0001
T■ ≤T≤T (i e H) (6) g (T) 表示对 T的一系列不等式约束, 为主变 的额定容量; 为主变_ /的额定容 量; 7为主变 的负载率; }为主变 '的负载率; . 为主变 发生 N-1故障时向主变 转 移负荷的大小; A为主变短时允许过载系数; RIV为主变 与主变 间联络线的极限容量; 为以主变 为中心的主变联络单元中的站内联络主变集合; Ω 为以主变 为中心的 主变联络单元中和站外联络主变集合; 7^„为7的下限; Jmax为 7;的上限; H为重载区; 公式 (2)表示主变 发生" N-1 "故障时向其他主变转移的容量等于自身负荷; 公式 (3 )表 示主变 i发生" N-1 "故障时相同变电站的主变所带负荷不得超过它们短时允许容量值; 公式 (4) 表示主变 i发生" N-1 "故障时不同变电站的主变不能过载; 公式 (5 ) 表示发生" N-1" 故障时主变间转移容量不得超过主变间联络线允许容量; 公式 (6) 表示重载区内每个主 变的负载率需要介于负载率上下限之间。 3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法, 其特征在于, 所述 安全边界 具体为:
首先将所述配电系统安全域简化为-
Figure imgf000013_0001
其中, J 定义为联络单元, 表示主变 以及所有与主变 有联络关系的主变的集合, 每一个不等式为所述配电系统安全域的一个安全边界,所述安全边界 为在负载率空间中 的超平面, 所述配电系统安全域由《个安全边界 围成。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法,其特征在于,步骤 (2) 中的所述获取所述工作点与所述安全边界之间的距离具体为:
所述工作点与所述安全边界 之间的距离可由下式算出
Figure imgf000013_0002
5、根据权利要求 4所述的一种基于域的配电系统安全评价方法,其特征在于,步骤 (4) 中的所述获取联络单元的负荷缺额或裕量 具体为: =∑^ -∑^ =J∑^2 x| | (9)
keLUi keLUi \ keLUi
k≠i
^的单位为 MVA。
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