WO2013040791A1 - 二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2013040791A1
WO2013040791A1 PCT/CN2011/080122 CN2011080122W WO2013040791A1 WO 2013040791 A1 WO2013040791 A1 WO 2013040791A1 CN 2011080122 W CN2011080122 W CN 2011080122W WO 2013040791 A1 WO2013040791 A1 WO 2013040791A1
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solar cell
difluorobenzotriazole
polymeric material
based solar
organic
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PCT/CN2011/080122
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周明杰
王平
张振华
陈吉星
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海洋王照明科技股份有限公司
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Priority to JP2014531064A priority Critical patent/JP2014531493A/ja
Priority to CN201180072284.XA priority patent/CN103687891A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2011/080122 priority patent/WO2013040791A1/zh
Priority to US14/234,375 priority patent/US20140163193A1/en
Priority to EP11872782.5A priority patent/EP2759556B1/en
Publication of WO2013040791A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013040791A1/zh

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Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of solar cell materials, in particular to a difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell polymer material, a preparation method and application thereof. Background technique
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell polymer material having high energy conversion efficiency.
  • R 2 is d ⁇ C 2 .
  • the alkyl group, n is an integer of 10 to 100, and n is preferably 50 to 70.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned difluorobenzotriazole-based solar material, comprising the following steps:
  • the compound A and the compound B are added in a molar ratio of 1:1, added to an organic solvent containing a catalyst, and subjected to Stille coupling reaction at 70 to 120 °C.
  • n is an integer from 10 to 100.
  • the preparation method of the above difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell polymeric material further comprises the following steps:
  • step S2 In the above preparation method of the difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell polymeric material, in the step S2:
  • the catalyst is an organic palladium or a mixture of an organic palladium and an organic brick ligand; the molar ratio of the organic palladium to the compound A is 1:20 to 1:100; wherein the organic palladium is selected from the group consisting of At least one of phenylphosphine palladium dichloride, tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium, and tridibenzylideneacetone dipalladium; the organic brick ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine;
  • the organic solvent is selected from at least one of toluene, fluorene, fluorenyl-dimercaptoamide and tetrahydrofuran.
  • step S2 the organic solvent is selected from at least one of toluene, fluorene, fluorenyl-dimercaptoamide and tetrahydrofuran.
  • the Stille coupling reaction temperature is 90 to 110 ° C; and the Stille coupling reaction time is 12 to 48 h. It is still another object of the present invention to provide an application of the above-mentioned difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell polymer material in an organic solar cell.
  • the difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell polymeric material provided by the present invention since the 1,2,3-benzotriazole polymer contains two fluorine atoms, its HOMO energy level will be lowered by 0.1 leV, and the fluorine substituted 1 , 2, 3-benzotriazole has two strong electron-withdrawing imine groups, and fluorine-substituted 1,2,3-benzotriazole is a heterocyclic compound with strong electron-withdrawing properties, and benzotriene
  • the N bond of the NH bond of the azole easily introduces an alkyl chain, and the alkyl chain functional group can improve the energy conversion efficiency of the solar energy, thereby solving the problem of low efficiency of the polymer solar cell, and at the same time, the alkyl chain functional group can also It serves to adjust the solubility of the polymeric material of the difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell, making the polymer advantageous for film-forming processing and expanding their application in the field of polymer solar cells.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the preparation process of a polymeric material of a difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell of the present invention
  • 3 is a schematic structural view of an organic solar cell. detailed description
  • R 2 is d ⁇ C 2 .
  • the alkyl group, n is an integer of 10 to 100, and n is preferably 50 to 70.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell polymer material, as shown in FIG. 1, includes the following steps:
  • R 2 is an alkyl group of d to C 20 ;
  • the compound A and the compound B are added in a molar ratio of 1:1, and the catalyst is added.
  • the Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 70 to 120 ° C (preferably 90 to 110 ° C) for 6 to 60 hours (preferably 12 to 48 hours), a reaction liquid is obtained, and the reaction liquid contains the product.
  • the difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell polymeric material having the following structural formula (I):
  • n is an integer from 10 to 100, preferably n is from 50 to 70;
  • step S3 purifying the product in step S2:
  • the hydration alcohol was added to the reaction liquid of the step S2, followed by precipitation treatment, followed by filtration with a Soxhlet extractor, followed by extraction with decyl alcohol and n-hexane for 24 h; then, the chloroform was used as a solvent to extract the precipitate to be colorless.
  • the chloroform solution was collected and dried to obtain a red powder, and the red powder was dried under vacuum at 50 ° C for 24 h to obtain a purified difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell polymer material:
  • step S2 In the above preparation method of the difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell polymeric material, in the step S2:
  • the catalyst is an organic palladium or a mixture of an organic palladium and an organic brick ligand; the molar ratio of the organic palladium to the compound A is 1:20 to 1:100; wherein the organic palladium is selected from the group consisting of At least one of phenylphosphine palladium dichloride, tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium, and tridibenzylideneacetone dipalladium; the organic brick ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine; organic palladium and organobrick ligand In the mixture, the organic palladium and the organic brick ligand are 1:3 ⁇ 1:6.
  • the organic solvent is selected from at least one of toluene, fluorene, fluorenyl-dimercaptoamide and tetrahydrofuran.
  • step S2 the organic solvent is selected from at least one of toluene, fluorene, fluorenyl-dimercaptoamide and tetrahydrofuran.
  • the Stille coupling reaction temperature is 90-110 ° C; the Stille coupling reaction time is 12-48 h.
  • the difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell polymeric material provided by the present invention since the 1,2,3-benzotriazole polymer contains two fluorine atoms, its HOMO energy level will be lowered by 0.1 leV, and the fluorine substituted 1 , 2, 3-benzotriazole has two strong electron-withdrawing imine groups, and fluorine-substituted 1,2,3-benzotriazole is a heterocyclic compound having strong electron-withdrawing properties, and the N bond of the NH bond of benzotriazole is easily introduced into an alkyl chain, and the alkyl chain functional group can improve the energy conversion efficiency of solar energy, thereby solving the polymer solar cell Low efficiency problems, at the same time, the alkyl chain functional groups can also play a role in regulating the solubility of polymeric materials in difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cells, making the poly
  • the preparation method of the invention adopts a simpler synthesis route, thereby reducing the process flow, the material is cheap and easy to obtain, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
  • the above difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell polymeric material can be used in the active layer of an organic solar cell.
  • the technical examples of the present invention are further illustrated by specific examples and illustrations, including material preparation and device preparation, but these examples do not limit the present invention, wherein Monomers can be prepared by reference (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 56) or commercially available, and monomers of Compound B can be referred to the literature (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 4625). ) Prepared or purchased from the market.
  • the polymer material of the difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell of the present embodiment that is, poly ⁇ 4,8-di(n-octyloxy)-benzodithiophene-CO-2-n-octyl-4,7-di Thienyl-5,6-difluorobenzotriazole ⁇ , wherein, is a n-octyl group, R 2 is a n-octyl group, and n is 50, and its structural formula is as follows:
  • 2,6-Ditridecyltin-4,8-di(n-octyloxy)-benzodithiophene (231 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2-n-octyl-4,7-di(5-bromo) Thienyl)-5,6-difluoro-1,2,3-benzotriazole (176 8 mg, 0.3 mmol), tri-dibenzylideneacetone dipalladium (13.75 mg, 0.015 mmol) and tri-tert-butyl Phosphine (ie 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2,6-dimethoxybiphenyl), (2 mg) was added to a flask containing 12 mL of hydrazine, dissolved in a solution, and the flask was purged with nitrogen. After about 30 minutes, the mixture was stirred at 600 ° and Stille coupled for 24 h. After cooling, the polymerization was stopped to obtain a reaction solution
  • the polymer material of the difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell of the present embodiment that is, poly ⁇ 4,8-dimethoxyoxybenzodithiophene-CO-2-n-cetylar-4,7-dithienyl -5,6-difluorobenzotriazole ⁇ , wherein As a fluorenyl group, R 2 is a twenty-six base and n is 70. Its structural formula is as follows:
  • Example 2 is a poly ⁇ 4,8-dioxaoxybenzodithiophene-CO-2-n-tetrasyl-4,7-dithienyl-5,6-difluorobenzotriene prepared in Example 2.
  • UV-visible absorption spectrum of azole ⁇ It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the conjugated polymer has a strong absorption peak at around 578 nm.
  • Example 3
  • the polymer material of the difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell of the present embodiment that is, poly ⁇ 4,8-di(n-octadecyloxy)benzodithiophene-CO-2-mercapto-4,7-di Thienyl-5,6-difluorobenzotriazole ⁇ , wherein, is a ruthenium, R 2 is a fluorenyl group, and n is 65, and its structural formula is as follows:
  • 2,6-ditridecyltin-4,8-di(n-octadecyloxy)benzodithiophene 333 mg, 0.3 mmol
  • 2-mercapto-4,7-di(5-bromo) Thienyl)-5,6-difluoro-1,2,3-benzotriazole 147.3 mg, 0.3 Ment
  • Add a 50 mL size two-necked flask containing 15 mL of tetrahydrofuran dissolve into a solution, thoroughly pass a mixture of nitrogen and argon to the two vials, vent air for about 20 minutes, then add 17 mg of tetratriphenylphosphine Palladium was added thereto, and the mixture of nitrogen and argon gas was exhausted for about 10 minutes, and then stirred at 90 ° C and Stille coupled for 48 hours to obtain a reaction liquid.
  • the polymer material of the difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell of the present embodiment that is, poly ⁇ 4,8-di-n-butoxybenzodithiophene-CO-2-n-decylalkyl-4,7-dithienyl -5,6-difluorobenzotriazole ⁇ , wherein, is n-butyl, R 2 is n-decyl, n is 10, and its structural formula is as follows:
  • reaction formula is as follows: 2,6-Ditridecyltin-4,8-di-n-butoxybenzodithiophene (123 mg, 0.2 mmol) and 2-n-decyl-4,7-di(5-bromothienyl) -5,6-Difluoro-1,2,3-benzotriazole (132 mg, 0.2 mmol) was added to a 15 ml hydrazine, hydrazine-dihydrazinamide flask, dissolved into a solution, and evacuated. The flask was deaerated and filled with argon.
  • the polymer material of the difluorobenzotriazole-based solar cell of the present embodiment that is, poly ⁇ 4,8-di(n-fluorenyloxy)benzodithiophene-CO-2-n-tetradecyl-4,7 -dithienyl-5,6-difluorobenzotriazole ⁇ , wherein, is a n-decyl group, R 2 is a n-tetradecyl group, and n is 100, and its structural formula is as follows:
  • 2,6-Ditridecyltin-4,8-di(n-decyloxy)benzodithiophene (248 mg, 0.3 mmol)
  • the organic solar cell of the sixth embodiment which uses the poly ⁇ 4,8-dioxaoxybenzodithiophene-CO-2-n-cetylar-4,7-dithienyl group obtained in Example 2 5,6-Difluorobenzotriazole ⁇ (ie, DFBTZ-BDT2) is an electron donor material of the active layer.
  • the organic solar cell includes a glass base layer 11, a transparent anode 12, an intermediate auxiliary layer 13, an active layer 14, and a cathode 15 which are sequentially laminated.
  • the transparent anode 12 may be made of indium tin oxide (barrel called ITO), preferably indium tin oxide having a sheet resistance of 10-20 ⁇ / ⁇ ;
  • the intermediate auxiliary layer 13 is made of poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and polyphenylene.
  • Ethylene-sulfonic acid composite material (cylinder called PEDOT:PSS); active layer 14 includes electron donor material and electron acceptor material, electron donor material adopts the polymer prepared in Example 2 (ie DFBTZ-BDT2), electron accepting
  • the bulk material may be [6,6] phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid decanoate (cylinder called PCBM);
  • the cathode 15 may be an aluminum electrode or a bimetal electrode, such as Ca/Al or Ba/Al, etc., thickness thereof It is preferably 170 nm, 30 nm, 130 nm or 60 nm.
  • the glass base layer 11 can be used as a bottom layer.
  • ITO glass is selected, ultrasonically cleaned, treated with oxygen-Plasma, and an intermediate auxiliary layer 13 is coated on the ITO glass, and the polymer and electron acceptor prepared in Example 1 are further prepared.
  • the material is applied to the intermediate auxiliary layer 13 by blending to form the active layer 14, and then the cathode 15 is deposited on the active layer 14 by a vacuum evaporation technique to obtain the above organic solar cell.
  • the organic solar cell needs to be heated under a sealed condition of 110 degrees Celsius for 4 hours and then lowered to room temperature. After annealing, the device can effectively increase the order and regularity of the arrangement between the groups and molecular segments in the molecule, and improve the current carrying current.
  • the transfer rate and efficiency of the sub-mobility increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • the thickness of the cathode 15 A1 layer is 170 nm, respectively.
  • the conduction hole type electroluminescent material can more fully utilize the light energy due to its spectral response range of 4 ⁇ , thereby obtaining higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and increasing the power generation capability of the organic solar cell.
  • the organic material can also reduce the quality of the organic solar cell, and can be fabricated by techniques such as spin coating, which is convenient for mass production.
  • Table 1 shows the photovoltaic properties of the organic solar cell of Example 6. (Note: PCE is the energy conversion efficiency, V. c is the open circuit voltage, J sc is the short circuit current, and FF is the fill factor.)
  • Table 1 show that the energy conversion efficiency of the bulk heterojunction solar cell based on DFBTz-BDT2 as electron donor material is 5.4% under AM 1.5 and 100 mW/cm 2 illumination; among them, AM is the air quality refers to the sun.
  • the optical path of the beam through the atmosphere expressed as the ratio of the optical path to the optical path through which the sun reaches the sea level at the zenith; the AM1.5 condition is the indexing and testing of the radiation specified by the solar cell for the ground.

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Abstract

本发明属于太阳能电池领域,其公开了一种二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料及其制备方法和应用;该共聚物具有结构式(I)。式(I)中,R1、R2均为C1~C20的烷基,n为10~100的整数。本发明提供的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料,由于1,2,3-苯并三唑聚合物含有两个氟原子,其HOMO能级将降低0.11eV,而氟取代的1,2,3-苯并三唑又有两个强吸电子的亚胺基,氟取代的1,2,3-苯并三唑是一个有强吸电子性能的杂环化合物,且苯并三唑的N-H键的N上容易引入烷基链,该烷基链官能性基团可以提高太阳能的能量转换效率,从而解决聚合物太阳能电池低效率问题。

Description

二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池材料领域, 尤其涉及一种二氟代苯并三唑基太 阳能电池聚合材料及其制备方法和应用。 背景技术
利用廉价材料制备低成本、 高效能的太阳能电池一直是光伏领域的研 究热点和难点。 目前用于地面的硅晶电池由于生产工艺复杂、 成本高, 使 其应用受到限制。 为了降低电池成本, 拓展应用范围, 长期以来人们一直 在寻找新型的太阳能电池材料。 有机半导体材料以其原料易得、 廉价、 制 备工艺筒单、 环境稳定性好、 有良好的光伏效应等优点备受关注。 自 1992 年 N. S. Sariciftci等在 SCIENCE( N. S Sariciftci, L. Smilowitz, A. J. Heeger, et al. Science, 1992, 258, 1474 )上报道共轭聚合物与 C60之间的光诱导电子转 移现象后, 人们在聚合物太阳能电池方面投入了大量研究, 并取得了飞速 的发展, 但是仍比无机太阳能电池的转换效率低得多。 发明内容
本发明的目的一在于提供一种能量转换效率高的二氟代苯并三唑基太 阳能电池聚合材料。
一种具有下述结构式(I ) 的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料:
Figure imgf000003_0001
式中, 、 R2均为 d ~ C2。的烷基, n为 10~100的整数, n优选 50~70。 本发明的另一目的在于提供上述二氟代苯并三唑基太阳 料的制备方法, 包括如下步骤:
Sl、 分别提供如下结构式表示的化合物 A和化合物 B ,
Figure imgf000004_0001
A: ORi ; B : F F ; 其中, 所述 化合物 A中, 为 d ~ C2。的綻基; 所述化合物 B中, R2为 d ~ C2。的烷 基;
S2、 在无氧环境下, 将所述化合物 A和化合物 B按照摩尔比 1:1加入 量, 添加入含有催化剂的有机溶剂中, 于 70 ~ 120°C下进行 Stille耦合反应
¾、
6 ~ 60 小时后, 得到具有下述结构式(I ) 的所述二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能 电池聚合材料:
Figure imgf000004_0002
式中, n为 10~100的整数。
上述二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的制备方法还包括如下步 骤:
S3、将步骤 S2中制得的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料进行纯 化处理。
在上述二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的制备方法, 所述步骤 S2中:
所述催化剂为有机钯, 或者为有机钯与有机磚配体的混合物; 所述有 机钯与所述化合物 A的摩尔比为 1 :20~1: 100; 其中, 所述有机钯选自双三 苯基膦二氯化钯、 四三苯基膦钯及三二亚苄基丙酮二钯中的至少一种; 所 述有机磚配体为三叔丁基膦;
所述有机溶剂选自曱苯、 Ν,Ν-二曱基曱酰胺及四氢呋喃中的至少一种。 优选地, 所述步骤 S2中:
所述 Stille耦合反应温度为 90~110°C ; 所述 Stille耦合反应时间为 12~48h。 本发明的又一目的在于提供上述二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材 料在有机太阳能电池中的应用。 本发明提供的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料, 由于 1, 2, 3-苯 并三唑聚合物含有两个氟原子, 其 HOMO能级将降低 0.1 leV, 而氟取代的 1, 2, 3-苯并三唑又有两个强吸电子的亚胺基, 氟取代的 1, 2, 3-苯并三唑是 一个有强吸电子性能的杂环化合物,且苯并三唑的 N-H键的 N上容易引入 烷基链, 该烷基链官能性基团可以提高太阳能的能量转换效率, 从而解决 聚合物太阳能电池低效率问题, 同时, 烷基链官能性基团还可以起到调节 二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的溶解性, 使得该聚合物有利于成 膜加工, 扩大它们在聚合物太阳能电池领域的应用范围。 附图说明
图 1 为本发明二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的制备工艺流程 图;
图 2为实施例 2制备的聚 {4, 8-二曱氧基苯并二噻吩 -CO-2-正二十綻基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 }的紫外可见吸收光谱图;
图 3为有机太阳能电池的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明提供的具有下述结构式(I) 的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳
合材料:
Figure imgf000006_0001
式中, 、 R2均为 d~C2。的烷基, n为 10~100的整数, n优选为 50~70。
上述二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的制备方法, 如图 1所示, 包括如下步骤:
Sl、 分别提供如下结构式表示的化合物 A和化合物 B,
即 2, 6-二三曱基锡 -4, 8-二 (烷氧基)-苯并二
Figure imgf000006_0002
, 即 2-烷基 -4, 7-二 (5-溴噻吩基) -5,6-二氟 -1
2, 3-苯并三唑;
其中, 化合物 A中, 为 d~C2。的綻基; 化合物 B中, R2为 d~C20 的烷基;
S2、 在无氧环境(如, 氮气、 氩气或氮气和氩气混合气等构成的无氧 环境) 下, 将所述化合物 A和化合物 B按照摩尔比 1:1加入量, 添加入含 有催化剂的有机溶剂中, 于 70 ~ 120°C (优选 90~110°C )下进行 Stille耦合 反应 6~60 小时(优选 12~48小时)后, 得到反应液, 该反应液中包含产 物, 即具有下述结构式(I )的所述二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料:
Figure imgf000007_0001
式中, n为 10~100的整数, 优选 n为 50~70;
S3、 对步骤 S2中的产物进行纯化处理:
往步骤 S2的反应液中加入曱醇, 进行沉析处理, 随后用索氏提取器过 滤, 之后依次用曱醇和正己烷抽提沉淀 24 h; 然后继续以氯仿为溶剂抽提 沉淀至无色,收集氯仿溶液并旋干得到红色粉末,将红色粉末在真空下 50°C 干燥 24 h后, 得到具纯化的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料:
在上述二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的制备方法, 所述步骤 S2中:
所述催化剂为有机钯, 或者为有机钯与有机磚配体的混合物; 所述有 机钯与所述化合物 A的摩尔比为 1 :20~1: 100; 其中, 所述有机钯选自双三 苯基膦二氯化钯、 四三苯基膦钯及三二亚苄基丙酮二钯中的至少一种; 所 述有机磚配体为三叔丁基膦; 有机钯与有机磚配体的混合物中, 有机钯与 有机磚配体的 1:3 ~ 1:6。
所述有机溶剂选自曱苯、 Ν,Ν-二曱基曱酰胺及四氢呋喃中的至少一种。 优选地, 所述步骤 S2中:
所述 Stille耦合反应温度为 90~110°C ; 所述 Stille耦合反应时间为 12~48h。 本发明提供的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料, 由于 1, 2, 3-苯 并三唑聚合物含有两个氟原子, 其 HOMO能级将降低 0.1 leV, 而氟取代的 1, 2, 3-苯并三唑又有两个强吸电子的亚胺基, 氟取代的 1, 2, 3-苯并三唑是 一个有强吸电子性能的杂环化合物,且苯并三唑的 N-H键的 N上容易引入 烷基链, 该烷基链官能性基团可以提高太阳能的能量转换效率, 从而解决 聚合物太阳能电池低效率问题, 同时, 烷基链官能性基团还可以起到调节 二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的溶解性, 使得该聚合物有利于成 膜加工, 扩大它们在聚合物太阳能领域的应用范围。
另外, 本发明的制备方法, 采用较筒单的合成路线, 从而减少工艺流 程, 材料价廉易得, 降低制造成本。 上述二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料可以应用在有机太阳能电 池的活性层中。 为了更好地理解本发明专利的内容, 下面通过具体的实例和图例来进 一步说明本发明的技术案, 具体包括材料制备和器件制备, 但这些实施实 例并不限制本发明, 其中, 化合物 A的单体可参照文献( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009,131,56 )制备或从市场上购买得到,化合物 B的单体可参照文献( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011,133,4625 )制备或者从市场上购买得到。 实施例 1
本实施例的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料, 即聚 {4, 8-二 (正辛 氧基) -苯并二噻吩 -CO-2-正辛基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 } , 其中, 为正辛綻基, R2为正辛綻基, n为 50, 其结构式如下:
Figure imgf000008_0001
上述聚合物的制备步骤如下: 反应式如下所示:
Figure imgf000009_0001
将 2, 6-二三曱基锡 -4, 8-二 (正辛氧基) -苯并二噻吩 (231 mg, 0.3 mmol)、 2-正辛基 -4, 7-二 (5-溴噻吩基) -5,6-二氟 -1, 2, 3-苯并三唑(176 8 mg, 0.3 mmol)、 三二亚苄基丙酮二钯 (13.75 mg, 0.015mmol)以及三叔丁基膦(即 2- 双环己基磷 -2,, 6,-二曱氧基联苯, ) (2 mg)加入盛有 12 mL曱苯的烧瓶中, 溶解成溶液, 向烧瓶中充分通氮气排空气约 30 min后, 在 100 下搅拌、 Stille耦合反应 24 h, 降温后停止聚合反应, 获得反应液。
向烧瓶中加入 40 mL曱醇, 对反应液进行沉析处理, 接着通过索氏提 取器过滤, 之后依次用曱醇和正己烷抽提沉淀 24 h; 然后继续以氯仿为溶 剂抽提沉淀至无色, 收集氯仿溶液并旋干得到红色粉末, 最后将收集后的 红色粉末在真空下 50°C干燥 24 h后即为聚 {4, 8-二 (正辛氧基) -苯并二噻吩 -CO-2-正辛基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 }产物, 产率为 81 %。
测试结果为: Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): Mn =47.3 kDa, Mw/Mn =1.8。 实施例 2
本实施例的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料, 即聚 {4, 8-二曱氧 基苯并二噻吩 -CO-2-正二十烷基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 } , 其中, 为曱基, R2为二十綻基, n为 70, 其结构式如下:
Figure imgf000010_0001
上述聚合物的制备步骤如下:
反应式如下所示:
Figure imgf000010_0002
Η41
双三苯基膦二氯化钯
Ν, Ν-二甲基甲酰胺
Figure imgf000010_0003
将 2, 6-二三曱基锡 -4, 8-二曱氧基苯并二噻吩 (115 mg, 0.2mmol)和 2-正 二十烷基 -4, 7-二 (5-溴噻吩基) -5,6-二氟 -1, 2, 3-苯并三氮唑 (151.4 mg, 0.2 mmol)加入盛有 15ml的 Ν,Ν-二曱基曱酰胺烧瓶中, 溶解成溶液,抽真空烧 瓶除氧并充入氩气, 然后加入 5 mg 双三苯基膦二氯化钯, 在 110°C下搅 拌、 Stille耦合反应 12 h, 降温后停止聚合反应, 获得反应液。
向烧瓶中加入 50 mL曱醇, 对反应液进行沉析处理, 接着通过索氏提 取器过滤, 之后依次用曱醇和正己烷抽提沉淀 24 h; 然后继续以氯仿为溶 剂抽提沉淀至无色, 收集氯仿溶液并旋干得到红色粉末, 最后将收集后的 红色粉末在真空下 50°C干燥 24 h后即为聚 {4, 8-二曱氧基苯并二噻吩 -CO-2- 正二十烷基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 }产物, 产率 84 %。 测试结果为: Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): Mn = 59.4 kDa, Mw/Mn =1.9。
图 2为实施例 2制备的聚 {4, 8-二曱氧基苯并二噻吩 -CO-2-正二十綻基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 }的紫外可见吸收光谱图; 由图 2可以看出 共轭聚合物在 578 nm左右处有较强的吸收峰。 实施例 3
本实施例的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料, 即聚 {4, 8-二 (正二 十烷氧基)苯并二噻吩 -CO-2-曱基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 } , 其中, 为正二十綻基, R2为曱綻基, n为 65 , 其结构式如下:
CH
Figure imgf000011_0001
将 2,6-二三曱基锡 -4,8-二(正二十烷氧基) 苯并二噻吩 (333 mg, 0.3 mmol)、 2-曱基 -4,7-二 (5-溴噻吩基) -5,6-二氟 -1,2,3-苯并三氮唑 (147.3 mg, 0.3 mmol)加入盛有 15 mL四氢呋喃的 50 mL规格的两口瓶中, 溶解成溶液, 向两口瓶中充分通氮气和氩气混合气, 排空气约 20 min后, 然后将 17 mg 四三苯基膦钯加入其中,再充分通氮气和氩气混合气排空气约 lO min后, 在 90 °C下搅拌、 Stille耦合反应 48 h, 获得反应液。
向烧瓶中加入 40 mL曱醇, 对反应液进行沉析处理, 接着通过索氏提取 器过滤,之后依次用曱醇和正己烷抽提沉淀 24 h; 然后继续以氯仿为溶剂抽 提沉淀至无色, 收集氯仿溶液并旋干得到红色粉末, 最后将收集后的红色 粉末在真空下 50°C干燥 24 h后即为聚 {4, 8-二 (正二十烷氧基)苯并二噻吩 -CO-2-曱基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 }产物, 产率为 80%。
测试结果为: Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): Mn = 72.4 kDa, Mw/Mn =1.9。 实施例 4
本实施例的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料, 即聚 {4, 8-二正丁 氧基苯并二噻吩 -CO-2-正癸烷基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 } , 其中, 为正丁基, R2为正癸烷基, n为 10, 其结构式如下:
Figure imgf000012_0001
上述聚合物的制备步骤如下:
反应式如下所示:
Figure imgf000013_0001
将 2, 6-二三曱基锡 -4, 8-二正丁氧基苯并二噻吩 (123 mg, 0.2mmol)和 2- 正癸烷基 -4, 7-二 (5-溴噻吩基) -5,6-二氟 -1, 2, 3-苯并三氮唑(132 mg, 0.2 mmol)加入盛有 15ml的 Ν,Ν-二曱基曱酰胺烧瓶中, 溶解成溶液,抽真空烧 瓶除氧并充入氩气, 然后加入 ( 0.01 mmol, 7.02 mg )双三苯基膦二氯化钯, 在 120 °C下搅拌、 Stille耦合反应 6 h, 降温后停止聚合反应, 获得反应液。
向烧瓶中加入 50 mL曱醇, 对反应液进行沉析处理, 接着通过索氏提 取器过滤, 之后依次用曱醇和正己烷抽提沉淀 24 h; 然后继续以氯仿为溶 剂抽提沉淀至无色, 收集氯仿溶液并旋干得到红色粉末, 最后将收集后的 红色粉末在真空下 50°C干燥 24 h后即为聚 {4, 8-二正丁氧基苯并二噻吩 -CO-2-正癸綻基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 }产物, 产率 68 %。
测试结果为: Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): Mn = 9.3 kDa, Mw/Mn =2.2。 实施例 5
本实施例的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料, 即聚 {4, 8-二 (正癸 綻氧基)苯并二噻吩 -CO-2-正十四烷基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 } , 其 中, 为正癸烷基, R2为正十四綻基, n为 100, 其结构式如下:
Figure imgf000014_0001
上述聚合物的制备步骤如下:
反应式如下所示:
Figure imgf000014_0002
将 2,6-二三曱基锡 -4,8-二(正癸烷氧基)苯并二噻吩 (248 mg, 0.3 mmol), 2-正十四烷基 -4,7-二 (5-溴噻吩基) -5,6-二氟 -1,2,3-苯并三氮唑 (202 mg, 0.3 mmol)加入盛有 15 mL四氢呋喃的 50 mL规格的两口瓶中, 溶解成溶液, 向两口瓶中充分通氮气和氩气混合气, 排空气约 20 min后, 然后将四三苯 基膦钯 (0.003 mmol, 3.7 mg)加入其中,再充分通氮气和氩气混合气排空气约 lO min后, 在 70 °C下搅拌、 Stille耦合反应 60 h, 获得反应液。
向烧瓶中加入 40 mL曱醇, 对反应液进行沉析处理, 接着通过索氏提取 器过滤,之后依次用曱醇和正己烷抽提沉淀 24 h; 然后继续以氯仿为溶剂抽 提沉淀至无色, 收集氯仿溶液并旋干得到红色粉末, 最后将收集后的红色 粉末在真空下 50°C干燥 24 h后即为聚 {4, 8-二 (正癸烷氧基)苯并二噻吩 -CO-2- 正十四烷基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 }产物, 产率为 88%。 测试结果为: Molecular weight ( GPC, THF, R. I): Mn = 100.1 kDa, Mw/M, =1.8。 实施例 6
本实施例 6的有机太阳能电池, 其采用实施例 2制得的聚 {4, 8-二曱氧 基苯并二噻吩 -CO-2-正二十烷基 -4,7-二噻吩基 -5,6-二氟苯并三唑 } (即 DFBTZ-BDT2 ) 为活性层的电子给体材料。
请参阅图 3, 该有机太阳能电池包括依次层叠的玻璃基层 11、 透明阳 极 12、 中间辅助层 13、 活性层 14以及阴极 15。 透明阳极 12可采用氧化铟 锡(筒称为 ITO ) , 优选为方块电阻为 10-20 Ω/口的氧化铟锡; 中间辅助层 13 采用聚 3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩与聚苯乙烯-磺酸复合材料 (筒称为 PEDOT:PSS ); 活性层 14包括电子给体材料和电子受体材料, 电子给体材 料采用实施例 2制备的聚合物(即 DFBTZ-BDT2 ) ,电子受体材料可以是 [6,6] 苯基 -C61-丁酸曱酯(筒称为 PCBM ); 阴极 15可采用铝电极或者双金属层 电极, 例如 Ca/Al或 Ba/Al等, 其厚度优选为 170 nm、 30 nm、 130 nm或 60 nm。
玻璃基层 11可作为底层,制作时,选取 ITO玻璃,并经超声波清洗后, 用氧 -Plasma处理,在 ITO玻璃上涂覆中间辅助层 13,再将实施例 1制备的 聚合物和电子受体材料通过共混后涂覆于中间辅助层 13上,形成活性层 14, 然后再通过真空蒸镀技术在活性层 14上沉积阴极 15,获得上述有机太阳能 电池。 该有机太阳能电池还需经过 110摄氏度密闭条件下加热 4小时, 再 降到室温, 器件经过退火后能有效增加分子内各基团和分子链段间排列的 有序性和规整度, 提高载流子迁移率的传输速度和效率, 进而提高光电转 换效率。 在本实施例中, 阴极 15 A1层的厚度分别为 170nm。
如图 3所示, 在光照下, 光透过玻璃基层 11和 ITO电极 12, 活性层 14中的传导空穴型电致发光材料吸收光能, 并产生激子, 这些激子再迁移 到电子给体 /受体材料的界面处, 并将电子转移给电子受体材料,如 PCBM, 实现电荷的分离, 从而形成自由的载流子, 即自由的电子和空穴。 这些自 由的电子沿电子受体材料向金属阴极传递并被阴极所收集, 自由的空穴沿 电子给体材料向 ITO阳极传递并被阳极所收集,从而形成光电流和光电压, 实现光电转换, 外接负载 16时, 可对其进行供电。 在此过程中, 传导空穴 型电致发光材料由于其具有 4艮宽的光谱响应范围, 能够更充分地利用光能, 以获得更高的光电转换效率, 增加有机太阳能电池的产电能力。 而且这种 有机材料还能减轻有机太阳能电池的质量, 并通过旋涂等技术即可制作, 便于大批量的制备。
表 1为本实施例 6的有机太阳能电池的光伏属性。 (注: PCE为能量转 换效率, V。c为开路电压, Jsc为短路电流, FF为填充因子。)
表 1
V0C(V) Jsc(mA/cm2) FF ( % ) PCE(%)
DFBTZ-BDT2/PCBM 0.73 13.82 54.7 5.4
表 1结果表明, 在 AM 1.5、 100 mW/cm2光照下, 基于 DFBTz-BDT2 为电子给体材料的本体异质结太阳能电池的能量转换效率为 5.4%; 其中, AM为大气质量是指太阳光束穿过大气层的光学路径,以该光学路径与太阳 在天顶时其光束到达海平面所通过的光学路径的比值表示; AM1.5 条件是 指标定和测试地面用太阳能电池所规定的辐照度和光谱分布; 其太阳能总 辐照度为 1000瓦每平方米, 太阳能电池的测量温度为 25度; 此标准为国 际电工委员会制定, 我国目前采用的是此标准; 具体一点来说, 一个标准 太阳相当于 AM1.5G标准光源的辐照强度, AM 1.5G表示天顶角 (入射光 线于入射光源与地面法线间的夹角) 为 48度的太阳光, 光强是 1000 W/m2 (即 AM 1.5、 100 mW/cm2光照) 。 应当理解的是, 上述针对本发明较佳实施例的表述较为详细, 并不能 因此而认为是对本发明专利保护范围的限制, 本发明的专利保护范围应以 所附权利要求为准。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种具有下述结构式(I) 的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料:
Figure imgf000018_0001
式中, 、 R2均为 d~C2。的烷基, n为 10~100的整数。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料, 其特征 在于, n为 50~70。
3、 一种二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括如下步骤:
¾、 .
Sl、 分别提供如下结构式表示的化合物 A和化合物 B,
Figure imgf000018_0002
A: ORi ; B: F F ; 其中, 所述 化合物 A中, 为 d ~ C2。的綻基; 所述化合物 B中, R2为 d ~ C2。的烷 基;
S2、 在无氧环境下, 将所述化合物 A和化合物 B按照摩尔比 1:1加入 量, 添加入含有催化剂的有机溶剂中, 于 70 ~ 120 °C下进行 Stille耦合反应 6~60 小时后, 得到具有下述结构式(I) 的所述二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能 电池聚合材料: 式中, n为 10~100的整数。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的制备方 法, 其特征在于, 还包括如下步骤:
S3、将步骤 S2中得到的所述二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料进 行纯化处理。
5、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的制 备方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 S2中, 所述催化剂为有机钯, 或者所述催 化剂为有机钯与有机磚配体的混合物。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的制备方 法, 其特征在于, 所述有机钯选自双三苯基膦二氯化钯、 四三苯基膦钯及 三二亚苄基丙酮二钯中的至少一种; 所述有机磚配体为三叔丁基膦。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的制备方 法, 其特征在于, 所述有机钯与所述化合物 A的摩尔比为 1:20~1: 100。
8、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的制 备方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 S2中, 所述有机溶剂选自曱苯、 Ν,Ν-二曱 基曱酰胺及四氢呋喃中的至少一种。
9、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料的制 备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤 S2中,所述 Stille耦合反应温度为 90 ~ 110°C , 所述 Stille耦合反应时间为 12 ~ 48 h。
10、 权利要求 1 所述的二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料在有机太阳 能电池中的应用。
PCT/CN2011/080122 2011-09-23 2011-09-23 二氟代苯并三唑基太阳能电池聚合材料及其制备方法和应用 WO2013040791A1 (zh)

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