WO2013033401A2 - Centrifugeuse avec freinage à récupération - Google Patents

Centrifugeuse avec freinage à récupération Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013033401A2
WO2013033401A2 PCT/US2012/053147 US2012053147W WO2013033401A2 WO 2013033401 A2 WO2013033401 A2 WO 2013033401A2 US 2012053147 W US2012053147 W US 2012053147W WO 2013033401 A2 WO2013033401 A2 WO 2013033401A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
during
centrifuge
power factor
bridge
regenerative braking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/053147
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013033401A3 (fr
Inventor
Ronald T. KEEN
Jason L. HESSLER
Original Assignee
Beckman Coulter, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beckman Coulter, Inc. filed Critical Beckman Coulter, Inc.
Publication of WO2013033401A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013033401A2/fr
Publication of WO2013033401A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013033401A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H02P23/06—Controlling the motor in four quadrants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/10—Control of the drive; Speed regulating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H02P23/26—Power factor control [PFC]

Definitions

  • Regenerative braking can be used to recapture unneeded energy stored in an instrument.
  • Kinetic energy stored as inertial motion can be applied to a motor, which acts like a generator to convert the kinetic energy into electricity. This electricity can then be stored in a battery or returned to a power grid.
  • Power factor of the instrument should be as close to unity as possible. Power factor is calculated as the cosine of the phase angle between current and voltage. As the angle approaches zero (voltage and current are in-phase), power factor approaches one. This results in the most efficient power consumption. As power factor approaches zero (voltage and current are out-of-phase), power efficiency is degraded.
  • this disclosure is directed to a centrifuge with regenerative braking.
  • the centrifuge has a high power factor during all phases of instrument operation.
  • current shaping is used to provide a high power factor during a regenerative braking operation of the centrifuge.
  • centrifuge with regenerative braking adapted to supply power to a power grid
  • the centrifuge comprising: a motor; a rotor coupled to the motor and arranged and configured to rotate a sample; an inverter system configured to transfer power between the motor and the power grid, the inverter system comprising: at least one inductor electrically coupled to the power grid during operation of the centrifuge; a current sensor arranged and configured to measure current flow through the at least one inductor; a bi-directional bridge including a plurality of switching devices; and a bridge controller electrically coupled to the bi- directional bridge and operable to perform power factor correction during a normal operation of the centrifuge and during a regenerative braking operation of the centrifuge using the measured current flow from the current sensor.
  • an inverter system of an instrument having a normal mode of operation and a regenerative mode of operation
  • the inverter system comprising: at least one inductor electrically coupled to the power grid during operation of the centrifuge; a bridge rectifier including a plurality of switching devices; and a bridge controller electrically coupled to the bridge rectifier, wherein the bridge controller includes a one-cycle power factor correction controller and is operable to perform power factor correction during both a normal operation and a regenerative operation.
  • a further aspect is a method of shaping a current waveform of an instrument during a regenerative braking operation, the method comprising:
  • generating a signal having a sin 2 (t) waveform from a line voltage signal pulse width modulating the signal to generate a pulse width modulated signal; and using, at least in part, the pulse width modulated signal to control a bridge rectifier of the instrument during the regenerative braking operation.
  • an inverter system of an instrument the instrument having a regenerative mode of operation
  • the inverter system comprising: a sin (t) waveform generator arranged and configured to generate a signal having a sin 2 (t) waveform from a line voltage signal; a pulse width modulator electrically coupled to the sin 2 (t) waveform generator to generate a pulse width modulated signal; and a bridge rectifier electrically coupled to the pulse width modulator and at least partially controlled by the pulse width modulated signal during the regenerative mode of operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an example centrifuge according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an example inverter system of the centrifuge shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of a bi-directional bridge of the inverter system shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an example of a bridge controller of the inverter system shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an example of another bridge controller of the inverter system shown in FIG. 2, where the bridge controller does not include regenerative braking current adjustment circuitry.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating an undesirable output of the inverter system shown in FIG. 2 resulting from the use of the bridge controller shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of an alternate example of the bridge controller shown in FIG. 5, where the bridge controller includes regenerative braking current adjustment circuitry.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the improved output of the inverter system shown in FIG. 2 resulting from the use of the bridge controller shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an example centrifuge 100.
  • the centrifuge operates, for example, to generate centrifugal forces for the separation of particles.
  • the centrifuge 100 receives power from a power grid 90, and includes power factor correction circuitry to maintain a high power factor.
  • the centrifuge 100 also includes regenerative braking circuitry to return at least some of the power to the power grid 90 during regenerative braking operation.
  • the power factor correction circuitry also operates during the regenerative braking operation to maintain the high power factor during all phases of instrument operation.
  • some embodiments of the centrifuge 100 have improved energy efficiency. Improved energy efficiency also results in reduced cost of operating the centrifuge 100.
  • An advantage of some embodiments is that the power factor correction can be performed without the use of a line voltage sensor. This reduces the cost and complexity of the inverter system 128. In addition, the inverter system 128 can operate with little or no tuning or calibration.
  • the centrifuge 100 includes at least one housing 102, a rotor chamber 104, a rotor 106, a drive shaft 108, a motor 1 10, a vacuum pump 1 12, and electronic circuitry 1 14.
  • the centrifuge 100 is only one example of a variety of instruments that can utilize the principles, systems, and methods disclosed herein.
  • One example of another possible instrument is a computer numerical control (CNC) machine.
  • CNC computer numerical control
  • the housing 102 provides a protective enclosure of the centrifuge 100 to enclose at least some of the centrifuge components therein. However, in some embodiments, one or more of the components are outside of the housing 102, or may be contained within a separate housing. For example, in some embodiments the user interface (discussed below) is at least partially outside of the housing, and can include its own housing.
  • the rotor chamber 104 defines an interior space of the centrifuge in which the rotor is placed and rotated to generate centrifugal forces.
  • the rotor chamber 104 includes a chamber door that also forms a portion of the housing 102 and permits access to rotor chamber 104.
  • the chamber door is secured by a lock to prevent the chamber door from being opened during operation of the centrifuge.
  • the drive shaft 108 extends into the rotor chamber 104 and is releasably connected to the rotor 106.
  • the releasable connection permits rotor 106 to be removed from the rotor chamber 104 and for substitution of a different rotor, if desired.
  • the motor 1 10 is also connected to the drive shaft 108.
  • An example of motor 1 10 is an AC induction motor.
  • the AC induction motor is driven by a rotating magnetic field, and can include any number of coils.
  • Other embodiments can include other types of motors capable of regenerative braking including, but not limited to, switched reluctance drives.
  • a vacuum pump 1 12 is provided in some embodiments to adjust the pressure within rotor chamber 104.
  • the vacuum pump 1 12 is coupled to the rotor chamber through a hose, tube, or pipe, for example.
  • the centrifuge also includes electronic circuitry 1 14.
  • the electronic circuitry 1 14 includes a circuit breaker 120, power supply 122, control system 124, user interface 126, and inverter system 128.
  • the circuit breaker 120 operates to selectively provide an electrical connection between the power grid 90 and the centrifuge 100.
  • the circuit breaker 120 is a power switch that can be manually operated by a user to turn the centrifuge on or off.
  • the circuit breaker 120 includes one or more fuses or other circuit breaker devices to protect against electrical surges or excessive currents.
  • a power cord is used to connect the centrifuge 100 to the power grid 90, such as through a wall outlet.
  • the power grid typically supplies power with an alternating current (AC) waveform having at a nominal voltage (e.g., 1 10V or 240V).
  • AC alternating current
  • the power supply 122 includes one or more power supply circuits that convert AC power from the power grid to different forms as required by certain of the electronic circuitry 1 14, such as the control system 124.
  • the power supply 122 can include a +/- 5V direct current (DC) power supply and an 18V DC power supply. Any other power supply circuits can be included as needed by the electronic circuitry 1 14.
  • the control system 124 typically includes one or more processing devices and one or more computer readable storage media, such as a memory storage device.
  • the computer readable storage media encodes data instructions therein.
  • the instructions When the data instructions are processed by the one or more processing devices, the instructions cause the one or more processing devices to perform one or more of the operations, methods, or functions described herein, or to interact with one or more of the other components of the centrifuge to perform the operations, methods, or functions.
  • An example of a processing device is a microprocessor. Another example is a microcontroller. Another example is a computer. Alternatively, various other processing devices may also be used including other central processing units (“CPUs), microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, field programmable gate arrays, digital signal processing (“DSP”) devices, and the like. Processing devices may be of any general variety such as reduced instruction set computing (RISC) devices, complex instruction set computing devices (“CISC”), or specially designed processing devices such as an application-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”) device.
  • RISC reduced instruction set computing
  • CISC complex instruction set computing devices
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • a user interface 126 is provided to interact with a user.
  • the user interface 126 includes a display device 130 and one or more input devices 132.
  • the display device 130 and the input device 132 are combined as a touch sensitive display.
  • An inverter system 128 includes electronics that interface between the motor 1 10 and the power grid 90. For example, during normal operation, the inverter system 128 receives AC power from the power grid, transforms the power to a form usable by the motor 1 10, and supplies the transformed power to motor 1 10 to rotate the rotor 106. As another example, during a regenerative braking operation, kinetic energy stored in the rotor 106 is converted into electrical power by motor 1 10. The motor 1 10 then supplies the electrical power to the inverter system 128. The inverter system 128 transforms the power to a form suitable for the power grid 90, and supplies the power back onto the power grid 90.
  • the inverter system 128 includes power factor correction circuitry that causes the inverter system 128 to exhibit a high power factor during all phases of instrument operation, including during normal operation as well as during regenerative braking operation.
  • the power factor is greater than or equal to 0.85.
  • the power factor correction circuitry controls currents so that the current substantially matches the waveform of the power grid 90. In some embodiments, power factor correction is accomplished without a voltage sensor to detect the voltage waveform of the power grid 90.
  • Example embodiments of inverter system 128 are illustrated and described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2-8.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an example inverter system 128.
  • the inverter system 128 converts power between the AC waveform of the power grid (VAC) and a form usable by motor 1 10, while performing power factor correction during normal operation and during regenerative braking to provide a high power factor.
  • the inverter system 128 includes bus voltage generator 142 and three phase inverter 144.
  • the bus voltage generator 142 transforms power between the power grid waveform (V A c) and a bus voltage (V B us)-
  • the bus voltage is a DC form, such that the bus voltage generator 142 is an AC to DC converter (also known as an inverter).
  • the three phase inverter 144 transforms power between the bus voltage and a form usable by the motor 1 10, such as three phase AC power (V A, B,C).
  • the inverters operate to transform in either direction (e.g., from AC to DC or from DC to AC) and therefore can be used during normal operation of the centrifuge and also during regenerative braking operation.
  • the bus voltage generator 142 includes inductors 152 (including inductor 154 and inductor 156), bi-directional bridge 158, bridge control system 160 (including bridge controller 162 and bridge controller 164), and current sensor 166.
  • Inductors 152 operate as boost inductors.
  • the inductors 152 are ⁇ inductors, though other embodiments use other sized inductors.
  • the inductors 152 are electrically coupled between the current sensor 166 and the bidirectional bridge 158.
  • the bi-directional bridge 158 is an active rectifier utilizing switching devices to perform rectification.
  • the bi-directional bridge 158 is electrically coupled between the inductors 152 and the three phase inverter 144.
  • the bridge 158 is bi-directional in that it can convert AC to DC and DC to AC, so that power can be transferred from the power grid to the motor 1 10 and from the motor 1 10 to the power grid 90.
  • An example of the bi-directional bridge 158 is illustrated and described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the bridge control system 160 (including bridge controller 162 and bridge controller 164) operate to actively control switching of the bi-directional bridge, and is electrically coupled to the bi-directional bridge 158.
  • the bridge control system receives an input from current sensor 166.
  • the bridge control system 160 also receives a brake input from control system 124 (shown in FIG. 1) that operates to selectively adjust the bus voltage generator between normal operation and regenerative braking operation.
  • the bridge control system 160 does not include or receive an input from a voltage sensor in some embodiments (e.g., a voltage sensor that detects the voltage waveform (V A c) of the power grid. Being free of a voltage sensor and free of a voltage sensor input, the bridge control system 160 reduces cost and complexity of the bus voltage generator 142 and reduces the amount of tuning that may otherwise be required. Examples of bridge control system 160 are illustrated and described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 4-8.
  • the current sensor 166 is provided in some embodiments to measure current flow through one or more of inductors 152.
  • An example of a suitable current sensor is a current transducer, such as part number CASR-25 distributed by LEM Holding SA.
  • the inverter 144 operates to transform power between the bus voltage (VBUS) and the form usable by the motor 1 10.
  • the motor 1 10 is a three phase motor, such that the inverter 144 is a three phase inverter that generates three phase AC waveforms, and converts three phase AC waveforms to the bus voltage.
  • the inverter is controlled by the control system 124.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of the bi-directional bridge 158.
  • the bi-directional bridge 158 includes a plurality of switching devices 178 (including switching devices 180, 182, 184, and 186).
  • switching devices 178 can be used as switching devices 178, such as metal- oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), transistors, or other switching devices that can be controlled by the bridge control system 160 (shown in FIG. 2).
  • switching devices 180 and 182 are insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and switching devices 184 and 186 are MOSFETs.
  • IGBTs insulated gate bipolar transistors
  • MOSFETs metal- oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
  • switching devices 184 and 186 are MOSFETs.
  • An example of a suitable insulated gate bipolar transistor is the 600V UltraFast Copack Trench IGBT (Part No. IRGP4063D) distributed by International Rectifier of El Segundo, CA.
  • An example of a suitable MOSFET is the N-channel 600V MDmeshTM II power MOSFET (Part No. STY80NM60N) distributed by
  • the switching devices are arranged in a bridge rectifier configuration, such that switching devices 180 and 182 are electrically coupled to the positive bus voltage (V B us + ) and switching devices 184 and 186 are electrically coupled to the negative bus voltage (V B us ⁇ )- Switching devices 180 and 184 are electrically coupled to inductor 154 and switching devices 182 and 186 are electrically coupled to inductor 156. [0048] Switching devices 180 and 182 are controlled by bridge controller 162 (FIG. 2) and switching devices 184 and 186 are controlled by bridge controller 164 (FIG. 2).
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an example of the bridge controller 164, shown in FIG. 2.
  • the bridge controller 164 operates to generate control signals to control the operation of switching devices 184 and 186 (FIG. 3).
  • the bridge controller 162 includes an AC cycle detection circuit 190, a power factor correction (PFC) controller 192, logic 194, and a multiplexer 196.
  • PFC power factor correction
  • the AC cycle detection circuit 190 detects the current polarity of the power grid 90 waveform (VAC) and generates an output representative of the current polarity of the waveform. For example, the AC cycle detection circuit 190 generates one output signal during the positive cycle of the AC waveform and another output signal during the negative cycle of the AC waveform.
  • VAC power grid 90 waveform
  • One example of an AC cycle detection circuit 190 utilizes a dual phototransistor optocoupler, such as part no. MCT62 distributed by Fairchild Semiconductor of San Jose, CA. The optical coupling maintains a desired isolation between the AC and DC components.
  • the PFC controller 192 operates to perform a portion of the power factor correction of inverter system 128.
  • PFC controller 192 includes a one cycle PFC controller, such as part no. IR1 150 distributed by
  • the PFC controller 192 includes a current input from current sensor 166 (FIG. 2).
  • logic 194 is provided to selectively provide signals from the PFC controller to the respective switching devices 184 and 186 based on the current polarity of the AC waveform.
  • logic 194 includes inverter 206 electrically coupled to the output of the AC cycle detection circuit 190, and two AND gates 202 and 204.
  • AND gate 202 is electrically coupled to the output of the inverter 206 and to the output of the PFC controller 192.
  • AND gate 204 is electrically coupled to the output of AC cycle detection circuit 190 and the output of the PFC controller 192.
  • Other logic circuitry can be used in other embodiments.
  • the multiplexer 196 selectively provides output signals to switching devices 184 and 186.
  • the multiplexer 196 receives a brake input from control system 124.
  • the bridge controller 164 has two modes of operation, including normal operation and regenerative braking operation.
  • the brake input is low, causing switching device 184 to be pulse width modulated during the positive AC cycle, and switching device 186 to be pulse width modulated on the negative AC cycle.
  • the bridge controller 164 adjusts to regenerative braking operation, during which the switching device 184 is pulse width modulated during the negative AC cycle, and switching device 186 is pulse width modulated on the positive AC cycle.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an example of the bridge controller 162 without regenerative braking current adjustment circuitry.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an undesirable output of the inverter system 128 (such as at point PI , shown in FIG. 2) when the bridge controller shown in FIG. 5 is utilized during a regenerative braking operation.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates another example embodiment of the bridge controller 162 that includes regenerative braking current adjustment circuitry.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the improved output of the inverter system 128 that is obtained by use of the bridge controller illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the bridge controller 162 includes AC cycle detection circuit 210, logic 212, and multiplexer 214.
  • logic 212 includes a single inverter.
  • the AC cycle detection circuit 210 operates in the same manner as the circuit 190 described with reference to FIG. 4, and operates to identify whether the AC waveform is on the positive or negative cycle.
  • the output of the AC cycle detection circuit 210 is inverted by inverter 216 and supplied to one input of the multiplexer 214.
  • the non-inverted output of the AC cycle detection circuit 210 is supplied to another input of the multiplexer 214.
  • the other inputs of the multiplexer are tied to ground ("OFF").
  • the multiplexer is controlled by the control system 124, which generates a brake input signal to indicate when the regenerative braking operation is underway.
  • the output of the multiplexer is switched based on the braking input, as shown.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an undesirable output of the inverter system 128 (such as measured at point PI, shown in FIG. 2) during regenerative braking when using the bridge controller shown in FIG. 5.
  • the PFC controller 192 (FIG. 4) of the bridge controller 164 operates to correct the power factor during normal operation, the PFC controller 192 does not properly correct the power factor during regenerative braking.
  • the graph illustrates an ideal current waveform 224 and the measured current waveform 226.
  • the current and voltage waveforms should be in phase with that of the power grid—which generally has a sinusoidal AC waveform.
  • This ideal current waveform 224 is illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the actual measured current waveform 226 is significantly different than the ideal current shape, when the bridge controller shown in FIG. 5 is used.
  • the measured current waveform 226 includes undesirable harmonic distortion, such as the current spikes 228 caused by switched changes in polarity.
  • the power factor of the inverter system is typically less than 0.5 when using the bridge controller shown in FIG. 5 during regenerative braking.
  • One way to improve the power factor of the centrifuge 100 is to utilize current shaping circuitry to adjust the measured current waveform 226 to substantially match the ideal current waveform 224.
  • a difficulty in doing so is that a sinusoidal waveform cannot be directly applied to the bi-directional bridge 158 (FIG. 2) or the associated switching devices 178 (FIG. 3) without introducing inefficiencies into the system.
  • the switching devices 178 When the switching devices 178 are fully ON or fully OFF, the switching devices 178 operate most efficiently, with minimal losses. However, when switching devices 178 are operated between the ON and OFF states, the switching devices 178 pass through the linear region in which case the switching devices 178 have reduced efficiency.
  • operation in the linear region is avoided by utilizing pulse width modulation to pulse width modulate the sin 2 (t) waveform, before applying it to switching devices 178.
  • the switching devices 178 are operated in the fully ON or fully OFF states, rather than in the linear region.
  • the modulation is smoothed by the presence of the inductors 152 (shown in FIG. 2).
  • An example embodiment is illustrated and described with reference to FIG. 7 that supplies the modulated sin 2 (t) waveform to provide the desired current shaping and thereby improve the power factor of the centrifuge during regenerative braking.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of another example of the bridge controller 162, including regenerative braking current adjustment circuitry that operates to improve the power factor of the centrifuge 100.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the improved output that is obtained by use of the bridge controller 162 illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the bridge controller 162 includes the AC cycle detection circuit 210, logic 212, and multiplexer 214, and further includes multiplier 230, and pulse width modulator (PWM) 232.
  • the logic 212 in this embodiment, includes inverter 216, and AND gates 218 and 220.
  • the bridge controller 162 includes current shaping circuitry to correct the current waveform during the regenerative braking operation.
  • the bridge control system 160 (including controller 162 and 164) provides a first type of power factor correction during normal operation, and a second type of power factor correction during the regenerative braking operation.
  • the first type of power factor correction involves the use of the one- cycle power factor correction controller 192, shown in FIG. 4.
  • the second type of power factor correction is provided, for example, when the brake input signal is on, to perform current shaping to adjust the current from that shown in FIG. 6 to that shown in FIG. 8.
  • the bridge controller 162 operates to perform a method of shaping a current waveform of an instrument during a regenerative braking operation, such as using the multiplier 230 and pulse width modulator 232 for controlling the bi-directional bridge rectifier, such as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the multiplier 230 operates to generate a desired waveform from the AC waveform (V A c)-
  • the desired waveform is a sin 2 waveform.
  • the AC waveform (having a sinusoidal shape) is supplied to the two inputs of the multiplier, which generates the sin 2 waveform.
  • Other multiplier 230 configurations are used in other embodiments.
  • the pulse width modulator 232 is electrically coupled to the output of multiplier 230.
  • the pulse width modulator 232 operates to pulse width modulate the signal generated by the multiplier 230.
  • the pulse width modulator 232 receives a clock input, such as a clock signal having a sawtooth waveform that defines the period for the pulse width modulation.
  • the sawtooth waveform has a frequency of about 20kHz, resulting in a pulse width modulation frequency of about 20kHz. Other embodiments utilize other frequencies.
  • the clock signal is generated by a clock signal generator, not shown in FIG. 7.
  • Logic 212 determines which signals are passed to multiplexer 214.
  • the logic 212 includes an inverter 216 electrically coupled to the output of the AC cycle detection circuit 210, and two AND gates 218 and 220.
  • AND gate 218 is electrically coupled to the output of inverter 216 and to the output of the pulse width modulator 232.
  • AND gate 220 is electrically coupled to the output of the AC cycle detection circuit 210 and to the output of the pulse width modulator 232.
  • the outputs of AND gates 218 and 220 are supplied as inputs to multiplexer 214.
  • the multiplexer operates to selectively supply signals from the inputs to switching devices 180 and 182.
  • the outputs of AND gates 218 and 220 are supplied as inputs to multiplexer 214.
  • the other inputs are tied to ground ("OFF").
  • the multiplexer is controlled by the control system 124 (FIG. 1 ) using a brake signal that is supplied to brake input of the multiplexer 214.
  • the multiplexer operates in one mode during normal operation, and when the brake signal is applied to the brake input, the multiplexer then operates in another mode during the regenerative braking operation.
  • the multiplexer 214 operates to turn off switching devices 180 and 182.
  • the multiplexer passes the pulse width modulated signal generated by the multiplier 230 and pulse width modulator 232.
  • switching device 180 receives the pulse width modulated signal
  • switching device 182 receives the pulse width modulated signal. This operates to shape the current waveform as illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the improved output of the inverter system 128 during regenerative braking when using the bridge controller 162 shown in FIG. 7.
  • the graph illustrates the ideal current waveform 224 and the measured current waveform 242.
  • the measured current waveform 242 is free of current spikes, and includes a shape that is in phase with the ideal current waveform 224.
  • the waveform 242 substantially matches the ideal current waveform 224, resulting in a high power factor.
  • the power factor during regenerative braking is greater than or equal to 0.85.
  • the power factor is in a range from 0.85 to 1.
  • the power factor is greater than or equal to 0.9.
  • the power factor is greater than or equal to 0.95.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Stopping Of Electric Motors (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une centrifugeuse comprenant un freinage à récupération, laquelle centrifugeuse comprend des circuits de correction de facteur de puissance qui produisent un facteur de puissance élevé pendant toutes les phases de fonctionnement. Par exemple, une mise en forme de courant est effectuée par la commande d'un redresseur à pont bidirectionnel, de telle sorte que la phase du courant correspond sensiblement à la phase de la tension. L'invention porte également sur un procédé d'utilisation d'un signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion pour effectuer la mise en forme de courant pendant une opération de freinage à récupération.
PCT/US2012/053147 2011-09-01 2012-08-30 Centrifugeuse avec freinage à récupération WO2013033401A2 (fr)

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US201161530259P 2011-09-01 2011-09-01
US61/530,259 2011-09-01

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WO2013033401A3 WO2013033401A3 (fr) 2013-06-20

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WO2015105701A1 (fr) * 2014-01-09 2015-07-16 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Système de freinage par récupération

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WO1994019860A1 (fr) * 1993-02-23 1994-09-01 George Gabor Alimentation electrique a conversion de courant c.a./c.c. et a faibles harmoniques de ligne
JP3496532B2 (ja) * 1998-08-18 2004-02-16 日立工機株式会社 遠心機用モータの制御装置
GB0007921D0 (en) * 2000-03-31 2000-05-17 Nordson Corp Power factor corrector
US7164591B2 (en) * 2003-10-01 2007-01-16 International Rectifier Corporation Bridge-less boost (BLB) power factor correction topology controlled with one cycle control

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015105701A1 (fr) * 2014-01-09 2015-07-16 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Système de freinage par récupération
JP2017502642A (ja) * 2014-01-09 2017-01-19 ベックマン コールター， インコーポレイテッド 回生ブレーキシステム
US10374527B2 (en) 2014-01-09 2019-08-06 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Regenerative braking system

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