WO2013032484A2 - Conversion d'eau de mer en eau potable à température ambiante - Google Patents

Conversion d'eau de mer en eau potable à température ambiante Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013032484A2
WO2013032484A2 PCT/US2011/050263 US2011050263W WO2013032484A2 WO 2013032484 A2 WO2013032484 A2 WO 2013032484A2 US 2011050263 W US2011050263 W US 2011050263W WO 2013032484 A2 WO2013032484 A2 WO 2013032484A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ammonia
solution
diluted solution
seawater
stripping
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/050263
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013032484A3 (fr
Inventor
Kenneth Yat-yi CHEN
Original Assignee
Chen Kenneth Yat-Yi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chen Kenneth Yat-Yi filed Critical Chen Kenneth Yat-Yi
Priority to PCT/US2011/050263 priority Critical patent/WO2013032484A2/fr
Priority to US13/368,227 priority patent/US8491795B2/en
Priority to TW101131756A priority patent/TW201311571A/zh
Priority to CN2012103197116A priority patent/CN102951747A/zh
Publication of WO2013032484A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013032484A2/fr
Publication of WO2013032484A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013032484A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/002—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis
    • B01D61/0022—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/002—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis
    • B01D61/005—Osmotic agents; Draw solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/18—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control pH control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
    • B01D2311/2623—Ion-Exchange
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
    • B01D2311/2653—Degassing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to apparatus and methods for seawater utilization and, more specifically, to apparatus and methods for the conversion of seawater to drinking water at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure.
  • seawater is converted to drinking water by distillation, temperature elevation, or reverse osmosis desalinization processes.
  • the elevated temperatures, pressure, and energy requirements of typical seawater conversion processes result in large, expensive, rather energy- inefficient processing plants for large-scale conversion.
  • an apparatus comprises a intake chamber; an osmotic chamber coupled to the intake chamber; at least one ammonia stripping column coupled to the osmotic chamber; at least one ion exchange coupled to the at least one ammonia stripping column; a breakpoint chlorination chamber coupled to the at least one ion exchange column; and an output from the breakpoint chlorination chamber.
  • a method comprises taking seawater into an intake chamber; directing the seawater from the intake chamber into an osmotic chamber; allowing osmosis of water molecules through a membrane located between the seawater and a concentrated ammonia solution in the osmotic chamber; wherein the concentrated ammonia solution is converted to a diluted solution through the osmosis step; adjusting the pH of the diluted solution to 11 or higher; removing ammonia from the diluted solution using multistage air-stripping columns; adjusting the pH of the diluted solution to approximately neutral after the air-stripping; removing ammonia from the diluted solution using at least one ion-exchange column after the air-stripping; and removing ammonia from the diluted solution using breakpoint chlorination after ion exchange.
  • a method comprises allowing osmosis between seawater and a second solution, resulting in a diluted solution; stripping ammonia from the diluted solution at an elevated pH level; removing ammonia from the diluted solution using ion exchange; and performing breakpoint chlorination on the diluted solution.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 shows an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • embodiments of the present invention generally provide an apparatus and method to convert seawater to drinking water by undergoing osmosis with a concentrated ammonia solution, removing ammonia from the solution (ammonia concentration of 500 mg/L or less) using air-stripping columns at an elevated pH, removing ammonia from the solution using ion-exchange methods, and a breakpoint chlorination step to remove any remaining ammonia in the solution.
  • the conversion apparatus may include several chambers for different processing stages described in the process 10.
  • the first chamber may be a seawater intake chamber 50, which may be equipped with a microstrainer 1 1 , typically for removal of objects measuring at least 5 microns.
  • the intake chamber 50 may be connected to an osmotic chamber 12.
  • the osmotic chamber 12 may have an osmotic membrane 14 with a seawater tank 16 on one side and an ammonia tank 18, containing a concentrated ammonia solution, on the other side.
  • the seawater may enter the seawater tank 16 from the intake chamber 50, and using the osmotic membrane 14, water molecules may migrate into the ammonia tank 16 to a solution that may typically contain approximately 10 molar ammonia as a solute.
  • the concentration of ammonia in the ammonia tank 18 may be greatly diluted, e.g. 5 times, through the osmotic process.
  • the pH of the diluted solution may then be adjusted to 1 1 or higher, typically using sodium hydroxide.
  • the solution may then be introduced to multistage air-stripping columns 20 to remove ammonia, typically to a concentration of 500 mg/L or less.
  • the column packing material may be specially designed to achieve ammonia removal efficiency of 85% or better when using air for the stripping operation.
  • the gas stream 22 coming out of the ammonia stripping columns 20 may be a mixture of ammonia, oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor.
  • This gas stream 22 may then be passed through condensation tube 24, which may typically be a series of longitudinal conduits designed to condense the ammonia and the moisture content in the gas stream, allowing oxygen, nitrogen, and a low concentration of ammonia to escape.
  • the escaped (post-condensation) gas stream 26 may be directed to a heating chamber 28, and the heated gas 30 may then be recirculated back to the ammonia stripping columns 20.
  • the condensate 32, containing water and ammonia, may then be recirculated back to the ammonia solution in the osmotic chamber 12.
  • the pH of the water after ammonia stripping may then be adjusted to almost neutral (typically 6.5 to 7.5), typically using sulfuric acid.
  • the water may then be passed through a series of ion exchange columns 34 for ammonia removal, typically decreasing the ammonia concentration in the water to less than 5 mg/L.
  • the ion exchange resin may be regenerated using concentrated sulfuric acid. This solution can be recirculated until the solution is almost saturated with ammonium sulfate, and it may then be discharged through a recirculating fluid output 36.
  • Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution may be used to adjust the pH of the solution to above 11 , and ammonia gas may eventually be removed by air stripping columns 38.
  • the gas 40 from the air stripping columns 38 may be directed to the condensation tube 24.
  • the spent solution 42 may contain high concentrations of sodium ion, sulfate, and some residual ammonia, and the solution can be diluted with seawater before discharging back to the ocean.
  • the water may then undergo breakpoint chlorination, typically in a chamber 44, in which the remaining ammonia in the water may be oxidized to nitrogen gas and chloramines using chlorine gas or hypochlorites.
  • the resulting water product may typically contain total dissolved solids of 150 mg/L or less with a free chlorine level of 0.2 mg/L to 1 mg/L.
  • the ammonia concentration of the solution exiting the osmotic chamber may be in the range of 30,000 mg L even after 5-time dilution through the osmotic process.
  • the physical process of condensation may be used to separate most of the air from the ammonia.
  • the ammonia condensate may be completely recirculated to the ammonia solution in the osmotic chamber, and the escaped air stream may be recirculated to the air stripping columns.
  • a heat-exchange system may be used to extract heat from the condensation process. The extracted heat may be used to heat the recirculated air stream.
  • seawater conversion process of the present invention may include the following steps, as described above:
  • Drinking water, industrial water, and water for recreational usage may be produced by the process of the present invention.
  • the process could be used for industrial wastewater treatment.
  • the chemicals involved are acid, base, ammonia, and chlorine.
  • Chlorine may be used in very small concentrations, recovery of ammonia is almost 100%, and air may be recirculated within the process.
  • the spent water, which may be discharged back to the ocean or source, contains mostly sodium sulfate, some base, and trace amounts of ammonia.
  • the present invention may be capable of reducing the cost of desalinization of seawater to that of obtaining drinking water from freshwater sources.
  • the process of the present invention may eliminate the need for temperature elevation or the application of high pressure for the desalinization of seawater, except for the case in which "room temperature" is below freezing.
  • the present invention may provide a completely closed system without releasing any ammonia to the atmosphere.
  • the adaptation of physical separation of air from ammonia is essential to achieve the primary goal of low cost seawater conversion.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un appareil et un procédé pour la conversion d'eau de mer en eau potable à température ambiante et à pression atmosphérique normale. La conversion est réalisée à l'aide des procédés d'osmose, de stripage de l'ammoniaque, d'échange d'ions et de chloration au point critique, qui fournissent une alternative à faible coût aux procédés de conversion d'eau de mer traditionnels.
PCT/US2011/050263 2011-09-01 2011-09-01 Conversion d'eau de mer en eau potable à température ambiante WO2013032484A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2011/050263 WO2013032484A2 (fr) 2011-09-01 2011-09-01 Conversion d'eau de mer en eau potable à température ambiante
US13/368,227 US8491795B2 (en) 2011-09-01 2012-02-07 Conversion of seawater to drinking water at room temperature
TW101131756A TW201311571A (zh) 2011-09-01 2012-08-31 室溫及低壓下海水淡化成飲水的方法
CN2012103197116A CN102951747A (zh) 2011-09-01 2012-08-31 室温及低压下海水淡化成饮水的方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2011/050263 WO2013032484A2 (fr) 2011-09-01 2011-09-01 Conversion d'eau de mer en eau potable à température ambiante

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/368,227 Continuation-In-Part US8491795B2 (en) 2011-09-01 2012-02-07 Conversion of seawater to drinking water at room temperature

Publications (2)

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WO2013032484A2 true WO2013032484A2 (fr) 2013-03-07
WO2013032484A3 WO2013032484A3 (fr) 2014-03-20

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023089239A1 (fr) * 2021-11-18 2023-05-25 Andritz Oy Procédé et appareil de décapage à l'air modifié

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3733266A (en) * 1971-09-07 1973-05-15 Administrator Of The Environme Waste water purification by breakpoint chlorination and carbon adsorption
US4695387A (en) * 1985-05-07 1987-09-22 Advanced Separation Technologies Incorporated Removal of ammonia from wastewater
US5415681A (en) * 1992-05-29 1995-05-16 Membrane Technology And Research, Inc. Process for removing inorganic components from water
US6558643B2 (en) * 1997-03-31 2003-05-06 Battelle Memorial Institute Method for ammonia removal from waste streams
US20050023222A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2005-02-03 Brian Baillie Filtration apparatus and method
US20080043913A1 (en) * 2006-08-15 2008-02-21 Martin Annis Personnel X-ray Inspection System
US20090261039A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Veolia Eau - Compagnie Generale Des Eaux method of treating water effluent from purging or cleaning steam generator circuits, and a mobile unit enabling the method to be implemented
US20090308727A1 (en) * 2007-10-02 2009-12-17 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method and Apparatus for Producing Potable Water from Seawater Using Forward Osmosis
US20100072136A1 (en) * 2008-09-24 2010-03-25 Nikolay Voutchkov Desalination system and method for integrated treatment of brackish concentrate and seawater
US20110100218A1 (en) * 2009-11-02 2011-05-05 Wolfe Thomas D Method for combining desalination and osmotic power with carbon dioxide capture

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3733266A (en) * 1971-09-07 1973-05-15 Administrator Of The Environme Waste water purification by breakpoint chlorination and carbon adsorption
US4695387A (en) * 1985-05-07 1987-09-22 Advanced Separation Technologies Incorporated Removal of ammonia from wastewater
US5415681A (en) * 1992-05-29 1995-05-16 Membrane Technology And Research, Inc. Process for removing inorganic components from water
US6558643B2 (en) * 1997-03-31 2003-05-06 Battelle Memorial Institute Method for ammonia removal from waste streams
US20050023222A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2005-02-03 Brian Baillie Filtration apparatus and method
US20080043913A1 (en) * 2006-08-15 2008-02-21 Martin Annis Personnel X-ray Inspection System
US20090308727A1 (en) * 2007-10-02 2009-12-17 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method and Apparatus for Producing Potable Water from Seawater Using Forward Osmosis
US20090261039A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Veolia Eau - Compagnie Generale Des Eaux method of treating water effluent from purging or cleaning steam generator circuits, and a mobile unit enabling the method to be implemented
US20100072136A1 (en) * 2008-09-24 2010-03-25 Nikolay Voutchkov Desalination system and method for integrated treatment of brackish concentrate and seawater
US20110100218A1 (en) * 2009-11-02 2011-05-05 Wolfe Thomas D Method for combining desalination and osmotic power with carbon dioxide capture

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HUANG ET AL.: '''Air Stripping.'' Advanced physicochemical treatment technologies' SERIES: HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING vol. 4, 2006, pages 47 - 49 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023089239A1 (fr) * 2021-11-18 2023-05-25 Andritz Oy Procédé et appareil de décapage à l'air modifié

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013032484A3 (fr) 2014-03-20

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