WO2013027634A1 - 燃料電池の発電特性推定装置 - Google Patents
燃料電池の発電特性推定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013027634A1 WO2013027634A1 PCT/JP2012/070691 JP2012070691W WO2013027634A1 WO 2013027634 A1 WO2013027634 A1 WO 2013027634A1 JP 2012070691 W JP2012070691 W JP 2012070691W WO 2013027634 A1 WO2013027634 A1 WO 2013027634A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- power generation
- voltage
- generation characteristic
- characteristic
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
- H01M8/04649—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of fuel cell stacks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- This invention relates to an apparatus for estimating the power generation characteristics of a fuel cell.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to such conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is an apparatus that can accurately estimate the power generation characteristics of a fuel cell even in a low temperature range such as warm-up operation. Is to provide.
- a fuel cell power generation characteristic estimation apparatus includes a reference characteristic setting unit that sets a reference power generation characteristic of a fuel cell, a current detection unit that detects a real current of the fuel cell, and a real voltage of the fuel cell. And a characteristic estimation unit that estimates an actual power generation characteristic of the fuel cell based on a voltage difference between the voltage on the reference power generation characteristic and the actual voltage in the actual current. The characteristic estimation unit estimates the power generation characteristic when the pressure of the gas supplied to the fuel cell is equal to or higher than a predetermined value during the warm-up operation of the fuel cell.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a system to which a fuel cell power generation characteristic estimation apparatus according to the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing general power generation characteristics of the fuel cell.
- FIG. 4 is a reference power generation characteristic diagram.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the first embodiment of the fuel cell power generation characteristic estimation apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the cathode pressure when the power generation characteristic estimation process is performed.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a reference voltage setting routine.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the operational effects of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a system to which a fuel cell power generation characteristic estimation apparatus according to the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing general power generation characteristics of the fuel
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the reference voltage setting routine of the second embodiment of the power generation characteristic estimation device for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a reference voltage setting routine of the third embodiment of the power generation characteristic estimation device for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the internal resistance (electrolyte membrane resistance) of the fuel cell.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the estimation of the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell according to the fourth embodiment of the fuel cell power generation characteristics estimation apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a system to which a fuel cell power generation characteristic estimation apparatus according to the present invention is applied.
- the fuel cell stack 10 is supplied with reaction gas (cathode gas O 2 , anode gas H 2 ) while maintaining an appropriate temperature to generate electric power. Therefore, the cathode line 20, the anode line 30, and the cooling water circulation line 40 are connected to the fuel cell stack 10.
- the generated current of the fuel cell stack 10 is detected by the current sensor 101.
- the power generation voltage of the fuel cell stack 10 is detected by the voltage sensor 102.
- the cathode line 20 is provided with a compressor 21 and a cathode pressure regulating valve 22.
- the compressor 21 is provided in the cathode line 20 upstream of the fuel cell stack 10.
- the compressor 21 is driven by a motor M.
- the compressor 21 adjusts the flow rate of the cathode gas O 2 flowing through the cathode line 20.
- the flow rate of the cathode gas O 2 is adjusted by the rotational speed of the compressor 21.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 22 is provided in the cathode line 20 downstream of the fuel cell stack 10.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 22 adjusts the pressure of the cathode gas O 2 flowing through the cathode line 20.
- the pressure of the cathode gas O 2 is adjusted by the opening degree of the cathode pressure regulating valve 22.
- the flow rate of the cathode gas O 2 flowing through the cathode line 20 is detected by the cathode flow rate sensor 201.
- the cathode flow rate sensor 201 is provided downstream of the compressor 21 and upstream of the fuel cell stack 10.
- the pressure of the cathode gas O 2 flowing through the cathode line 20 is detected by the cathode pressure sensor 202.
- the cathode pressure sensor 202 is provided downstream of the compressor 21 and upstream of the fuel cell stack 10. Further, in FIG. 1, the cathode pressure sensor 202 is located downstream of the cathode flow sensor 201.
- the anode gas H 2 supplied to the fuel cell stack 10 flows through the anode line 30.
- An anode recirculation line 300 is juxtaposed with the anode line 30.
- the anode recirculation line 300 branches from the anode line 30 downstream of the fuel cell stack 10 and joins the anode line 30 upstream of the fuel cell stack 10.
- the anode line 30 is provided with a cylinder 31, an anode pressure regulating valve 32, an ejector 33, an anode pump 34, and a purge valve 35.
- the cylinder 31 stores the anode gas H 2 in a high pressure state.
- the cylinder 31 is provided on the uppermost stream of the anode line 30.
- the anode pressure regulating valve 32 is provided downstream of the cylinder 31.
- the anode pressure regulating valve 32 adjusts the pressure of the anode gas H 2 that is newly supplied from the cylinder 31 to the anode line 30.
- the pressure of the anode gas H 2 is adjusted by the opening degree of the anode pressure regulating valve 32.
- the ejector 33 is provided downstream of the anode pressure regulating valve 32.
- the ejector 33 is located at a portion where the anode recirculation line 300 joins the anode line 30.
- the anode gas H 2 flowing through the anode recirculation line 300 is mixed with the anode gas H 2 newly supplied from the cylinder 31.
- the anode pump 34 is located downstream of the ejector 33.
- the anode pump 34 sends the anode gas H 2 flowing through the ejector 33 to the fuel cell stack 10.
- the purge valve 35 is provided in the anode line 30 downstream of the fuel cell stack 10 and further downstream of the branch portion of the anode recirculation line 300. When the purge valve 35 is opened, the anode gas H 2 is purged.
- the pressure of the anode gas H 2 flowing through the anode line 30 is detected by an anode pressure sensor 301.
- the anode pressure sensor 301 is provided downstream of the anode pump 34 and upstream of the fuel cell stack 10.
- the cooling water supplied to the fuel cell stack 10 flows through the cooling water circulation line 40.
- the cooling water circulation line 40 is provided with a radiator 41, a three-way valve 42, and a water pump 43.
- a bypass line 400 is provided in parallel with the cooling water circulation line 40.
- the bypass line 400 branches from the upstream side of the radiator 41 and joins downstream of the radiator 41. For this reason, the cooling water flowing through the bypass line 400 bypasses the radiator 41.
- the radiator 41 cools the cooling water.
- the radiator 41 is provided with a cooling fan 410.
- the three-way valve 42 is located at the junction of the bypass line 400.
- the three-way valve 42 adjusts the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the radiator side line and the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the bypass line according to the opening degree. Thereby, the temperature of the cooling water is adjusted.
- the water pump 43 is located downstream of the three-way valve 42.
- the water pump 43 sends the cooling water that has flowed through the three-way valve 42 to the fuel cell stack 10.
- the temperature of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation line 40 is detected by the water temperature sensor 401.
- the water temperature sensor 401 is provided upstream of the portion where the bypass line 400 branches.
- the controller inputs signals from the current sensor 101, voltage sensor 102, cathode flow rate sensor 201, cathode pressure sensor 202, anode pressure sensor 301, and water temperature sensor 401. Then, a signal is output to control the operations of the compressor 21, the cathode pressure regulating valve 22, the anode pressure regulating valve 32, the anode pump 34, the purge valve 35, the three-way valve 42, and the water pump 43.
- the fuel cell stack 10 is supplied with the reaction gas (cathode gas O 2 , anode gas H 2 ) while maintaining an appropriate temperature to generate electric power.
- the electric power generated by the fuel cell stack 10 is supplied to the battery 12 and the load 13 via the DC / DC converter 11.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell.
- the power generation characteristics (current-voltage characteristics; hereinafter referred to as “IV characteristics” where appropriate) of the fuel cell in the state after the warm-up is completed (steady state) are as shown in FIG. 2, and a large current can be taken out.
- the fuel cell is controlled in accordance with this power generation characteristic.
- the power generation characteristics (IV characteristics) of the fuel cell immediately after starting below zero are as shown in FIG. As the warm-up progresses, the power generation characteristics (IV characteristics) of the fuel cell change.
- Patent Document 1 discloses one method for estimating the power generation characteristics (IV characteristics) of a fuel cell.
- IV characteristics power generation characteristics
- ⁇ V with respect to the reference IV characteristic does not become a linear expression in the characteristics on the high load side in the low temperature region. Therefore, when the method of Patent Document 1 is applied to below-zero startup, the estimation accuracy on the high load side may be deteriorated.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing general power generation characteristics of a fuel cell.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship of the above equation (1).
- the accuracy on the high output side deteriorates due to the influence of the log term. That is, even when trying to estimate the high output side based on the low output, the accuracy deteriorates due to the influence of the log term.
- the inventor has focused on the high sensitivity of the IV characteristic to pressure particularly at low temperatures.
- the inventors have conceived that the influence of the log term can be reduced by increasing the pressure of the gas supplied to the fuel cell (at least one of the cathode pressure and the anode pressure). That is, if the cathode pressure is increased , the critical diffusion current density i L, c of the cathode reaction tends to increase. Therefore, the following equation (2) is obtained.
- the influence of the log term can be reduced by increasing the cathode pressure.
- the remaining log term can be calculated as a deterministic parameter.
- the exchange current density i c 0 of the cathode reaction converges to a larger value as the temperature T increases.
- the electrolyte membrane resistance R s increases as the temperature T decreases. Under these influences, if the reference power generation characteristic diagram including the log term is mapped, a reference power generation characteristic diagram as shown in FIG. 4 can be obtained.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the first embodiment of the fuel cell power generation characteristic estimation apparatus according to the present invention.
- step S1 the controller determines whether it is necessary to estimate the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell. For example, in the case of start-up below zero, it is necessary to estimate the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell. If necessary, the controller shifts the process to step S2, and ends the process if unnecessary.
- step S2 the controller determines whether or not the cathode pressure is a predetermined pressure higher than the pressure in normal operation.
- the predetermined pressure will be described with reference to FIG. Then, the controller ends this routine without estimating the power generation characteristics if the pressure is not the predetermined pressure, and shifts to step S3 to estimate the power generation characteristics if the pressure is equal to or higher than the predetermined pressure.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the cathode pressure when the power generation characteristic estimation process is performed.
- the cathode pressure increases as the generated current required for the fuel cell increases.
- the warm-up operation sets the cathode pressure to a predetermined pressure for warm-up (maximum pressure during operation) regardless of the generated current.
- a predetermined pressure for warm-up (maximum pressure during operation) regardless of the generated current.
- the warm-up operation is normally performed during the warm-up operation, it is preferable for IV estimation.
- the reason for determining whether or not the pressure is equal to or higher than the predetermined pressure in step S2 is that when the normal warm-up operation is not performed even if the pressure is below zero due to some influence, the estimation is performed when the cathode pressure is lowered, and the estimation accuracy is This is because it gets worse.
- step S 3 the controller detects the generated current I 0 of the fuel cell with the current sensor 101 and detects the generated voltage V 0 with the voltage sensor 102.
- the load of the fuel cell or the amount of charge to the battery
- the generated current and generated voltage are detected.
- step S4 the controller sets a voltage (reference voltage) Vbase on the reference generation characteristic at the generation current I0.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a reference voltage setting routine.
- the reference power generation characteristic at the predetermined water temperature T is used.
- the power generation characteristic of the fuel cell does not have pressure sensitivity on the high load side as the temperature increases.
- the standard power generation characteristic stored in the computer is preferably a characteristic at a temperature having no pressure sensitivity.
- the reference voltage Vbase is set by applying the generated current I0 to the reference generation characteristics. Similarly, the reference voltage Vbase when the generated current I0 changed is also set.
- step S5 the controller obtains a voltage difference ⁇ V in the generated current I0. Specifically, the voltage difference ⁇ V between the generated voltage V0 and the reference voltage Vbase is calculated. Similarly, the voltage difference ⁇ V in the generated current I1 with the current changed is also obtained.
- the deviation ⁇ V between the reference characteristic and the current characteristic is a correlation represented by a linear function between the generated current I 0 and the voltage difference ⁇ V when data of a plurality of experimentally obtained voltage differences ⁇ V are sequentially processed by the least square method.
- the pressure is higher due to warm-up operation when estimating the actual power generation characteristics based on the characteristics at a predetermined temperature or higher, the voltage difference ⁇ V with respect to the reference characteristics at high load is There is no inconvenience of deviating from the linear function.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing one method for acquiring a lot of data of the voltage difference ⁇ V in the generated current I0.
- a can be obtained by giving one ⁇ V and 10 respectively.
- the IV characteristic can be estimated even in this way. In this case, there is a merit that the IV characteristic can be estimated with only one voltage fluctuation applied to the fuel cell.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the reference voltage setting routine of the second embodiment of the power generation characteristic estimation device for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
- the water temperature T that can be allowed to travel is determined and the reference power generation characteristics are obtained. Even if it does in this way, a suitable effect is acquired.
- the reference power generation characteristics are obtained according to the water temperature at the initial stage of startup.
- the reference voltage Vbase is set by applying the generated current I0 to the reference generation characteristics.
- Patent Document 1 it is necessary to accurately detect the temperature. However, in this embodiment, it is only necessary to detect an approximate temperature. Even in such a case, more accurate power generation characteristics of the fuel cell can be estimated as compared with the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a reference voltage setting routine of the third embodiment of the power generation characteristic estimation device for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
- the reference power generation characteristic is obtained according to the internal resistance (electrolyte membrane resistance) at the initial stage of startup. That is, the water temperature T that can be allowed to travel is determined according to the internal resistance at the initial stage of startup. Based on the water temperature T, the reference power generation characteristic is set. In this way, even if the accurate temperature of the fuel cell cannot be detected, the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell can be estimated.
- the internal resistance (electrolyte membrane resistance) of the fuel cell is observed by changing the generated current I0 with a sine wave of 1 kHz, for example, to see the voltage fluctuation. It can be obtained by dividing the alternating voltage amplitude of 1 kHz by the alternating current amplitude.
- the internal resistance (electrolyte membrane resistance) of the fuel cell is larger in the dry state than in the wet state. This is particularly noticeable when the temperature of the fuel cell is low. Therefore, when the operation of the fuel cell is stopped, the electrolyte membrane may be dried by extending the cathode compressor 21 or the like. By doing so, the internal resistance at the beginning of startup becomes large, so that the initial water temperature of the fuel cell can be grasped more accurately by the internal resistance, and as a result, the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell can be estimated with higher accuracy. become.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the estimation of the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell according to the fourth embodiment of the fuel cell power generation characteristics estimation apparatus according to the present invention.
- the generated current I0 is fluctuated with a sine wave of 1 Hz, and a large amount of data on the voltage difference ⁇ V in the generated current I0 is obtained.
- the generated current I0 is fluctuated with a sine wave of 1 kHz.
- the coefficient of the current term was obtained. In this way, it is possible to suppress the influence on the auxiliary machine as compared with the first embodiment.
- the cathode pressure as the pressure of the gas supplied to the fuel cell has been described, but the anode pressure may be increased.
- a correlation represented by a linear function was obtained between the generated current and the voltage difference.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the current and voltage may be reversed to obtain a correlation represented by a linear function between the generated voltage and the current difference.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明による燃料電池の発電特性推定装置を適用するシステムの一例を示す図である。
図9は、本発明による燃料電池の発電特性推定装置の第2実施形態の基準電圧設定ルーチンについて説明する図である。
図10は、本発明による燃料電池の発電特性推定装置の第3実施形態の基準電圧設定ルーチンについて説明する図である。
図12は、本発明による燃料電池の発電特性推定装置の第4実施形態の燃料電池の発電特性を推定について説明する図である。
Claims (9)
- 燃料電池の基準発電特性を設定する基準特性設定部と、
燃料電池の実電流を検出する電流検出部と、
燃料電池の実電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、
前記実電流における、基準発電特性上の電圧と実電圧との電圧差に基づいて燃料電池の実際の発電特性を推定する特性推定部と、
を含み、
前記特性推定部は、燃料電池の暖機運転中は燃料電池に供給するガスの圧力が所定値以上のときに、発電特性の推定を実施する、
燃料電池の発電特性推定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池の発電特性推定装置において、
前記特性推定部は、前記所定圧力での実電流における、基準発電特性上の電圧と実電圧との電圧差の少なくとも2つのデータに基づいて実電流及び電圧差の相関を推定し、その推定した相関及び燃料電池の基準発電特性に基づいて、燃料電池の発電特性を推定する、
燃料電池の発電特性推定装置。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の燃料電池の発電特性推定装置において、
零下において、燃料電池から走行モーターへの電力供給を禁止する禁止部と、
燃料電池の補機への電力供給によって暖機を実施すると共に、燃料電池に供給するガスの圧力を暖機後の運転中の最大圧力に制御する、暖機運転部と、
を備える燃料電池の発電特性推定装置。 - 請求項3に記載の発電特性推定装置において、
前記発電特性推定部による発電特性の推定に基づいて走行モーターへの電力供給を許可する走行許可部をさらに含み、
前記暖機運転部は、走行許可後も前記最大圧力での暖機運転を継続する、
燃料電池の発電特性推定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池の発電特性推定装置において、
燃料電池の内部抵抗を検出する抵抗検出部をさらに含み、
前記特性推定部は、前記実電流、前記電圧差及び前記内部抵抗に基づいて実電流及び電圧差の相関を推定し、その推定した相関及び燃料電池の基準発電特性に基づいて、燃料電池の発電特性を推定する、
燃料電池の発電特性推定装置。 - 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか1項に記載の発電特性推定装置において、
前記基準特性設定部は、予め定められた所定温度であるときの燃料電池の基準発電特性に基づいて基準発電特性上の電圧を設定する、
燃料電池の発電特性推定装置。 - 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか1項に記載の発電特性推定装置において、
燃料電池の発電特性の推定処理を開始するときの内部抵抗に基づいて、燃料電池の運転許可温度を演算する許可温度演算部をさらに含み、
前記基準特性設定部は、前記運転許可温度に基づいて基準発電特性上の電圧を設定する、
燃料電池の発電特性推定装置。 - 燃料電池の基準発電特性を設定する基準特性設定部と、
燃料電池の実電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、
燃料電池の実電流を検出する電流検出部と、
前記実電圧における、基準発電特性上の電流と実電流との電流差に基づいて燃料電池の実際の発電特性を推定する特性推定部と、
を含み、
前記特性推定部は、燃料電池の暖機運転中は燃料電池に供給するガスの圧力が所定値以上のときに、発電特性の推定を実施する、
燃料電池の発電特性推定装置。 - 請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか1項に記載の発電特性推定装置において、
前記燃料電池が運転を停止するときに内部を乾燥させる乾燥制御部をさらに備える、
燃料電池の発電特性推定装置。
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CN201280041015.1A CN103765648B (zh) | 2011-08-23 | 2012-08-14 | 燃料电池的发电特性估计装置 |
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