WO2013023643A1 - Appareil de mesure de courant - Google Patents

Appareil de mesure de courant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013023643A1
WO2013023643A1 PCT/DE2012/000836 DE2012000836W WO2013023643A1 WO 2013023643 A1 WO2013023643 A1 WO 2013023643A1 DE 2012000836 W DE2012000836 W DE 2012000836W WO 2013023643 A1 WO2013023643 A1 WO 2013023643A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
current
signals
coil
currents
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2012/000836
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Boris HUDOFFSKY
Original Assignee
Universität Stuttgart
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE201110110648 external-priority patent/DE102011110648A1/de
Application filed by Universität Stuttgart filed Critical Universität Stuttgart
Priority to DE112012003417.1T priority Critical patent/DE112012003417A5/de
Publication of WO2013023643A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013023643A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
    • G01R15/205—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices using magneto-resistance devices, e.g. field plates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the generic term Bean ⁇ claimed and thus relates to the measurement of currents.
  • the magnetic fields generated by the flowing electric current are determined by means of magnetic field sensors in order to deduce the flowing electric current from them. It should be mentioned that a high measuring accuracy, low noise, etc. are regularly required.
  • non-contact current sensors with magnetic sensors has, in the conventional view, disadvantages because it is customary to expect a measurement offset, which moreover can change over time, in particular in the case of very one-sided loading, as occurs in direct current measurements. This can be used, for example, when soft magnetic cores or flux concentrators are used, by " memory effects, varying operating temperatures and non-linear characteristics
  • Ripka "ALTERNATING CURRENT-EXCITED MAGNETORESISTIVE SENSOR "in Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 79, No. 8, pages 5211-5213, 1996. Ripka proposes to stabilize a magnetoresistive sensor with respect to its characteristic by means of a coil, whereby the sensor is exposed to the coil field.
  • a magnetically compensated current transformer with a loop-like core, which is formed of ferromagnetic material in the form of a completely closed magnetic circuit and has at least two not completely breaking the core core, one guided by the core , Primary conductor through which a primary current to be measured flows, at least one measuring sensor arranged in at least one of the gaps, which emits an electrical output signal corresponding to the magnetic flux in the core, and at least two secondary windings wound around the core, that of a secondary current dependent on the output signal of the measuring sensor that the magnetic flux caused by the primary current is compensated, wherein the core has a shape which extends in a plane, the magnetic circuit is in this plane, the shape of the core at least one axis of symmetry in this E bene, and the gaps are arranged symmetrically to the axis of symmetry and the secondary windings symmetrical to the axis of symmetry.
  • a measuring device for detecting the current flowing in a conductor current is already known wel ⁇ che one hand, has a self-contained, the conductor at least partially surrounding the measuring coil without magnetizable core which is arranged so that it comprises a first Measuring signal supplies, and on the other hand has at least one measuring resistor which is penetrated by the current to be measured, or at least one magnetic field detector which is mounted in the vicinity of the conductor, and is arranged so that it delivers a second measuring signal, wherein the measuring ⁇ device includes a circuit for processing the first and second measurement signal to an output signal to lie ⁇ away, which is an image of the current to be measured.
  • a direct current sensor with a core which consists of an annular, soft magnetic material, through which a wire extends, through which a direct contact current to be detected flows.
  • An exciting coil and a detecting coil are wound around the core in a toroidal shape, and a triangular exciting current generating a magnetic field exceeding a coercive force of the core is applied to the exciting coil.
  • Pulse voltages are generated in the detection coil, wherein the absolute value of the direct current to be detected is detected from the pulse intervals.
  • a sensor unit for measuring egg nes current in a conductor with at least one mag netoresistiven sensor which is arranged at a radial distance from the outer surface of the conductor, wherein the Lei ter has a circular cross section and wherein at least one auxiliary coil for generating an auxiliary magnetic field which is strong enough to generate magnetic saturation in the magnetoresistive sensor continuously throughout the current measurement process.
  • a current sensor which comprises a plurality of magnetic field sensors which are arranged around a current-carrying conductor.
  • the sensor is hinged to allow it to be clamped around the ladder. It is discussed how temperature effects, conductor position and adjacent foreign conductors as well as aging can be taken into account .
  • a Hall effect sensor is to be surrounded by a conductor loop which is intended to minimize the differential Hall voltage across the element via a feedback, so that the coil current at the zero Hall voltage can be related to the current to be measured of an adjacent conductor.
  • a current sensor is to be specified, which can also be used for high currents.
  • the object of this invention is to provide new products for commercial use.
  • the present invention thus proposes a current sensor with an evaluation circuit for measuring current in order to evaluate the signals detected by at least one magnetfeldindikative generating magnetoresistive element and with a magnetic field generating coil, which is associated with a source of non-constant excitation currents to magnetic field -indicative signals at changing coil fields measure Koen ⁇ NEN, wherein the magnetfeldindikative element is a magnetore- sistiver sensor and the source of non-constant exciter current emissions is adapted to the non-constant Erre ⁇ current emissions in response to the magnetfeldindikativen element detected signals to determine which formed the evaluation circuit to is to determine currents responsive to the signals detected by the magnetic field indicative element upon excitation current change.
  • signals can either be detected only at specific points, for example in the region of the vertices and / or zero-crossing points of the coil excitation current; However, an evaluation or sampling at several locations is preferred, which is just as possible through analog-to-digital conversion and subsequent processing of the digital signals as in an analogous manner.
  • the magnetic-field-indicative signal-generating element is operated in a linear range.
  • the deviation from a linear behavior that is to say a linear response of the output signal of the (semiconductor) sensor element as a function of the magnetic field, will be less than 15%, preferably less than 5% linearity error.
  • This allows a sufficiently large measuring range for typical elements such as GMR and / or semiconductor elements. Linear errors are thus avoided particularly effectively.
  • the total mag- The net field of variable coil excitation current and current to be detected (to be measured) of a conductor through which current flows is too large. It is then readily possible and otherwise preferred to adapt the coil current intensity so that the magnetic field-signal generating element is again operated in the linear range and this linear range is no longer exceeded.
  • the fast Ab ⁇ drive allows detection of high frequencies of the signal to be measured. It is thus possible and preferred if the magnetic-field-signal-generating element has a (more) nonlinear region in the case of strong magnetic fields, and if the source is designed to excite the coil with currents so low that the element displays magnetic-field-indicative signals in the linear region generated.
  • the evaluation can also be designed so that the signals around the
  • Zero point may be ignored or weighted less.
  • the coil current is varied in an oscillating manner and in particular has a sinusoidal course; either only one sinusoidal
  • AC component can be used as a coil current or it can also be impressed on the coil, a DC component, in particular so that there is an average of the signal detected by the magnetic field-indicative element of zero.
  • the source of non-constant excitation currents is designed to (also) provide sinusoidal excitation currents or excitation current components. That this is not mandatory, but mentioned.
  • the usability of other varying current curves, such as sawtooth or triangular waveforms, should be explicitly stated. imagines. But It is preferred that the holding times in which the coil excitation current is constant, IMP EXP ⁇ together are short against those times in Spulenerregungsstromstarzyk- lus in which the coil excitation current is changed AEN. If holding times are provided at all, it is preferred that they do not last more than 10% of the time required for the execution of a cycle of change.
  • the superimposed (for example, sinusoidal) AC component can be kept larger, which is advantageous. That the DC component of the coil excitation current and / or the AC component of the coil excitation current to the respective current to be measured through the conductor in whole or in part be adapted, is mentioned otherwise.
  • a control loop can be used. It is thus possible and preferred if a feedback loop is provided for determining the current flowing through the coil. This is advantageous in particular for the measurement of very large currents. The ability to change the coil current quickly, high frequencies are easily measurable. It is also possible to detect smaller changes in a large current by determining deviations of the mean signal value from zero.
  • the magnetic-field-generating coil surrounds the sensor and is designed to generate a magnetic field parallel or antiparallel to that of a current to be measured.
  • the coil can in particular surround the magnetic field-signal generating element, so that the overall arrangement can be made small and comparatively small coil currents are required.
  • This allows a structurally small configuration of ammeters according to the invention.
  • a single core is taken, which is separated in the formation of the overall device as a pair of pliers in two parts that surround the use of the measuring device embraced by the pliers head together.
  • the magnetic field-indicating elements will either be incorporated into the core, or, which is preferred because of the structurally simpler design, be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the core.
  • the core is shaped as a split ring surrounding the one current-carrying conductor to be measured, it becomes preferred to arrange the magnetic field-indicating elements close to the ring and between the ring and conductor.
  • the magnetic-field-generating signal-generating element is a semiconductor sensor, and / or a G R element.
  • Such elements are readily ver ⁇ available and have an output voltage-magnetic field-strength characteristic curve, which is very linear over a wide range and outside this linear range quickly and easily recognizable merges into a non-linear region, which is for purposes of the present Invention is particularly advantageous. Rapidly moving into a nonlinear range here means that only small changes in the output voltage result even with strong changes in the magnetic field to which the magnetic field-indicating element is exposed. In other words, the output voltage of the magnetic field-indicating element will change only slightly with large changes in the coil current.
  • a plurality of magnetic field-indicative signals generating elements is provided with associated magnetic field generating coils which are arranged in pairs diametrically around a center, in particular equidistant.
  • an evaluation circuit for determining a current taking into account the magnetic field dindikativen signals of a plurality of magnetic field-indicating elements is provided.
  • the evaluation circuit can preferably be realized by highly integrated circuits and is preferably accommodated in the clamp itself, if necessary with all circuit arrangements, control loops etc. for the determination of the coil currents, etc.
  • Protection is also claimed for a method for determining a current in which a magnetic-field-indicative signal-generating element is brought into the vicinity of a conductor through which current flows, with a magnetic field-generating coil being generated by alternating current excitation an alternating magnetic field at the magnetic-field-indicative element and the current is determined from those magnetic field indicative signals which are detected during the change of the coil currents.
  • a sectional view through a current clamp of the present invention a sectional view through a magnetic field-associated signal-generating element with associated coil of the present invention; the output voltage magnetic field strength characteristic of an element preferably used for the invention; 3 shows the output signals of the magnetic-field-indicative signal-generating element of FIG. 3 for different coil excitation current conditions and different magnetic fields generated by currents to be measured; a signal path of a measurement channel in a current meter of the present invention;
  • the figures explain a current sensor with an evaluation circuit for measuring the current in order to obtain a magnetic field to evaluate detected signal generating element detected signals and with a magnetic field generating coil, which is associated with a source of non-constant excitation currents to detect magnetic field -indicative signals at changing coil fields, wherein the evaluation circuit is adapted to evaluate the detected when changing the non-constant excitation current signals for current measurement , It may be mentioned that such a change may also involve and relate to the change of a DC component which is changed in order to keep a measurement signal in the linear region of the element.
  • the current sensor 1 encompasses as a pair of pliers with two parts 1a, 1b a central conductor 2, through which a current i_prim flows, which generates a magnetic field B_prim.
  • the current sensor 1 detects i_prim by measuring the magnetic field B_prim.
  • the pliers parts 1a, 1b are formed semicircularly in the illustrated cross-section and provided with semiconductor elements 3a1, 3a2, 3a3 and 3bl, 3b2, 3b3, each generating three magnetically field-indicative signals. These are, as preferred and possible, diametrically opposite in pairs. They are also, what is also preferred, equidistant.
  • Each of the semiconductor elements generating magnetic field-indicating signals is arranged within a current-carrying bias coil 4al-4b3, which generates a magnetic field at the magnetic field-generating semiconductor element which is either parallel or antiparallel to each of the central conductor 2.
  • the coil windings of the bias coils pass perpendicularly through the plane of the paper.
  • the bias coil can be formed without ferromagnetic materials, so that nonlinearities caused by ferromagnetic materials are avoided.
  • Fig. 2 also shows already schematically that the bias coil is associated with a coil excitation current source for alternating current and the magnetic field-generating signals Halbleiterele ⁇ ment element a signal conditioning circuit (here illustrated as OPAMP).
  • each magnetic field-generating signal generating semiconductor element is assigned its own bias coil, but this in turn each has its own bias current source.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the bias coil closely surrounds the sensor, which keeps the currents required for a specific magnetic field small.
  • Biasstrom DC component can be readily taken into account in the determination of the current flowing through the conductor to be measured.
  • a circuit for the magnetic field-producing signals generating semiconductor elements may, for example, as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the source of non-constant excitation currents associated with the magnetic field generating bias coil includes a sine wave generator and a power amplifier capable of feeding DC and AC currents to the bias coil.
  • the signal generating in accordance with its (preferred) construction in FIG. 5 as a GMR (Giant Magneto Resistor), element generating magnetic-field-indicative signals is followed by an evaluation circuit, which detects the difference of the output voltage magnitude at the point of reversal of the characteristic curves and sends it to a conventional rule-calculating device.
  • Device with which, for example, a proportional-integral functionality, a proportional integral differential functionality, a dead-beat filter characteristic, a Kalman filter characteristic and / or a Luenberger filter characteristic can be implemented.
  • the output signal generated by the rule-computing device is fed on the one hand as a control signal to the power amplifier and there added at the input to the AC signal from the sine wave generator with such a polarity that the difference of the output voltage is counteracted in the reversal point of the characteristics.
  • the determination of the reversal point is readily possible with analog circuits; It should be noted, however, that signal digitization and digital signal processing are readily possible.
  • the output of the rule-computing device is also fed to an evaluation circuit, the one detected
  • Magnetic field of the conductor generates proportional signal and outputs as UDC.
  • the arrangement of the present invention is used as follows: First, a calibration of the individual sensor elements is performed in order to determine a relationship between the output voltage of each magnetfeldindikative signal generating element and the current through an exactly through the center of the pliers behead conductors and if necessary to be able to adjust the characteristics of the respective bias current sources, ie determine how large a respective bias current without magnetic field should be, how strong an offset voltage should be at the input of the Biasstrom-Lexstungsver3.7rs given output of the rule-computing device, etc.
  • the arrangement is also practically independent of the position of the current-carrying conductor within the spanned measuring surface.
  • the arrangement is also practically independent of the position of the current-carrying conductor within the spanned measuring surface.
  • the arrangement is also practically independent of the position of the current-carrying conductor within the spanned measuring surface.
  • the influence of interference fields that are outside of the spanned measuring surface minimized.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Détecteur de courant pourvu d'un circuit d'évaluation pour la mesure du courant permettant d'évaluer les signaux détectés avec un élément produisant des signaux indicateurs de champ magnétique, et d'une bobine productrice de champ magnétique à laquelle est associée une source de courants d'excitation non constants pour pouvoir mesurer des signaux indicateurs de champ magnétique en cas de champ variable de la bobine. Selon l'invention, l'élément indicateur de champ magnétique est un capteur magnétorésistif et la source de courants d'excitation non constants est conçue pour déterminer les courants d'excitation non constants en fonction de signaux détectés avec l'élément indicateur de champ magnétique, le circuit d'évaluation étant conçu pour déterminer des courants en fonction des signaux détectés pendant la modification des courants d'excitation non constants avec l'élément indicateur de champ magnétique.
PCT/DE2012/000836 2011-08-18 2012-08-20 Appareil de mesure de courant WO2013023643A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112012003417.1T DE112012003417A5 (de) 2011-08-18 2012-08-20 Strommessgerät

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011110627.1 2011-08-18
DE102011110627 2011-08-18
DE201110110648 DE102011110648A1 (de) 2011-08-18 2011-08-19 Strommessgerät
DE102011110648.4 2011-08-19
DEPCT/DE2012/000835 2012-08-17
DE2012000835 2012-08-17

Publications (1)

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WO2013023643A1 true WO2013023643A1 (fr) 2013-02-21

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013112628A1 (de) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Epcos Ag Vorrichtung, Anordnung und Verfahren zur Messung einer Stromstärke in einem stromdurchflossenen Primärleiter
CN113391116A (zh) * 2021-03-17 2021-09-14 清华大学 一种用于测量母线电流的传感器阵列

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US4823075A (en) 1987-10-13 1989-04-18 General Electric Company Current sensor using hall-effect device with feedback
EP0651258A2 (fr) 1993-11-02 1995-05-03 Sumitomo Special Metal Co., Ltd. Capteur de courant continu
EP1012609B1 (fr) 1997-04-21 2001-10-24 Arbeitsgemeinschaft Prof. Dr. J. Hugel Dispositif de mesure, a large bande passante, de l'intensite du courant electrique dans un conducteur
US6323634B1 (en) * 1998-10-14 2001-11-27 Tdk Corporation Magnetic sensor apparatus, current sensor apparatus and magnetic sensor element
US6411078B1 (en) * 1999-01-21 2002-06-25 Tdk Corporation Current sensor apparatus
US20020158626A1 (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-10-31 Jentek Sensors, Inc. Deep penetration magnetoquasistatic arrays
EP1314993A2 (fr) 2001-11-23 2003-05-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif de mesure d'un champs magnétique et d'un courant
DE4202296B4 (de) 1991-01-29 2004-09-09 Asahi Kasei Electronics Co., Ltd. Magnetisch kompensierter Stromwandler
US20050156587A1 (en) 2004-01-16 2005-07-21 Fieldmetrics Inc. Current sensor
EP1687645B1 (fr) 2003-11-27 2007-03-21 Danfysik A/S Circuit detecteur concu pour mesurer un courant
US20110121828A1 (en) 2008-07-22 2011-05-26 Rudolf Gati Magnetoresistive sensor arrangement for current measurement

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US4823075A (en) 1987-10-13 1989-04-18 General Electric Company Current sensor using hall-effect device with feedback
DE4202296B4 (de) 1991-01-29 2004-09-09 Asahi Kasei Electronics Co., Ltd. Magnetisch kompensierter Stromwandler
EP0651258A2 (fr) 1993-11-02 1995-05-03 Sumitomo Special Metal Co., Ltd. Capteur de courant continu
EP1012609B1 (fr) 1997-04-21 2001-10-24 Arbeitsgemeinschaft Prof. Dr. J. Hugel Dispositif de mesure, a large bande passante, de l'intensite du courant electrique dans un conducteur
US6323634B1 (en) * 1998-10-14 2001-11-27 Tdk Corporation Magnetic sensor apparatus, current sensor apparatus and magnetic sensor element
US6411078B1 (en) * 1999-01-21 2002-06-25 Tdk Corporation Current sensor apparatus
US20020158626A1 (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-10-31 Jentek Sensors, Inc. Deep penetration magnetoquasistatic arrays
EP1314993A2 (fr) 2001-11-23 2003-05-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif de mesure d'un champs magnétique et d'un courant
EP1687645B1 (fr) 2003-11-27 2007-03-21 Danfysik A/S Circuit detecteur concu pour mesurer un courant
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RIPKA P ET AL: "Precise DC current sensors", INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1996. IMTC-96. CONFERENCE PROCEEEDINGS. QUALITY MEASUREMENTS: THE INDISPENSABLE BRIDG E BETWEEN THEORY AND REALITY., IEEE BRUSSELS, BELGIUM 4-6 JUNE 1996, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, US, vol. 2, 4 June 1996 (1996-06-04), pages 1479 - 1483, XP010164116, ISBN: 978-0-7803-3312-3, DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1996.507616 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013112628A1 (de) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Epcos Ag Vorrichtung, Anordnung und Verfahren zur Messung einer Stromstärke in einem stromdurchflossenen Primärleiter
US10018656B2 (en) 2013-11-15 2018-07-10 Epcos Ag Device, arrangement, and method for measuring a current intensity in a primary conductor through which current flows
CN113391116A (zh) * 2021-03-17 2021-09-14 清华大学 一种用于测量母线电流的传感器阵列

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