WO2013008421A1 - 膜構造体とその製造方法 - Google Patents
膜構造体とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013008421A1 WO2013008421A1 PCT/JP2012/004342 JP2012004342W WO2013008421A1 WO 2013008421 A1 WO2013008421 A1 WO 2013008421A1 JP 2012004342 W JP2012004342 W JP 2012004342W WO 2013008421 A1 WO2013008421 A1 WO 2013008421A1
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- insulating film
- carbon
- film
- graphene
- fluorine
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/16—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L29/1606—Graphene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
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- H01L21/02172—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides
- H01L21/02175—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides characterised by the metal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H01L21/02266—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by physical ablation of a target, e.g. sputtering, reactive sputtering, physical vapour deposition or pulsed laser deposition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film structure including carbon and an insulating film disposed on the carbon, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the substance made of carbon (C) has various structures such as diamond, sheet, nanotube, horn, and ball such as C60 fullerene. Further, a substance made of carbon has various physical properties. For this reason, energetic research and development is underway for the application of substances consisting of carbon.
- graphene is a film composed of a single-layer or multiple-layer carbon sheet. Graphene is a material that has been isolated in 2004, and its unique properties as a two-dimensional semimetal are being revealed one after another. Graphene has a unique band where ⁇ bands with linear band dispersion intersect on Fermi energy. Based on this unique band, for example, graphene is expected to exhibit carrier mobility that is 10 times higher than that of silicon (Si). For this reason, the use of graphene may realize a high-speed and low-consumption electronic device.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses arrangement of cobalt (Co), which is a metal having a dense hexagonal lattice and high lattice matching with graphene, on graphene and spin injection into graphene by the arrangement.
- Co cobalt
- Non-Patent Document 4 An attempt has been made to dispose an insulating film on graphene.
- Non-Patent Document 4 arrangement of boron nitride (h-BN) having the same six-membered ring as graphene and high crystal lattice matching with graphene on the graphene is studied.
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses an example in which magnesium oxide (MgO) is inserted as an insulating film between graphene and a Co layer.
- MgO magnesium oxide
- Non-Patent Document 5 describes that in order to realize a spin device that is the core of spin electronics, a material with high spin polarization is preferable and a long spin relaxation length of a carbon material is promising.
- the film structure of the present invention is a film structure (carbon-insulating film structure) including carbon and an insulating film made of magnesium oxide to which fluorine is added and disposed on the carbon.
- the addition amount of fluorine in the magnesium oxide is 0.0049 atomic percent or more and 0.1508 atomic percent or less.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention is a manufacturing method of a film structure including carbon and an insulating film disposed on the carbon, and the carbon is obtained by sputtering using a target containing magnesium oxide and magnesium fluoride.
- the film structure of the present invention is a film structure including carbon and an insulating film disposed on the carbon, which helps to realize an electronic device using carbon such as graphene.
- the insulating film to which a specific amount of fluorine is added can be formed in a state having high uniformity with respect to its composition, and the spin injection into carbon is performed efficiently.
- the above-described film structure showing excellent characteristics can be obtained.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses spin injection into graphene by arranging a Co layer on graphene.
- the conduction modulation by this spin injection is only 0.02%, which is very small.
- Such very small and insufficiently modulated conduction for realizing a spin device has low Co spin polarizability (0.42 in spin polarizability) and impedance imbalance between the graphene and the Co layer. This is thought to be due to matching.
- Non-Patent Document 5 Even if an attempt is made to realize a spin device by combining with a magnetic material having high spin polarizability based on the description in Non-Patent Document 5, there is a problem of crystal lattice consistency.
- magnetic materials having high spin polarizability for example, FeCo alloys, Fe 3 O 4 and Heusler alloys are known. These magnetic materials are used for a magnetoresistive change element, for example.
- the crystal structure of the FeCo alloy is a body-centered cubic lattice and the crystal structures of Fe 3 O 4 and Heusler alloy are spinel structures, the lattice matching with the crystal structure of graphene is low. Therefore, it is difficult to realize a spin device by simply arranging a magnetic material on graphene.
- the present inventors paid attention to the arrangement of the insulating film on the graphene.
- the conventional technique of disposing an insulating film on graphene still does not achieve an electronic device.
- Non-Patent Document 4 discloses the arrangement of an h-BN insulating film on graphene.
- h-BN has high lattice matching with graphene.
- a high temperature of about 800 ° C. is necessary for forming the h-BN insulating film.
- Such a process for forming an insulating film at a high temperature is inferior in affinity with a semiconductor process used for manufacturing an electronic device, particularly a recent miniaturized semiconductor process, so that an h-BN insulating film is used for manufacturing an electronic device. Cannot be adopted.
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses an example in which magnesium oxide (MgO) is inserted as an insulating film between the two in order to improve impedance mismatch between the graphene and the Co layer.
- MgO magnesium oxide
- conduction modulation due to spin injection at room temperature is not obtained, and the characteristics are lower than in the case where a Co layer is directly disposed on graphene.
- this deterioration in characteristics suggests that the inserted MgO film has low crystallinity and that spin scattering greatly depends on the low crystallinity.
- the crystal growth temperature of MgO is as low as 400 ° C. or less, and the process of forming an insulating film made of MgO has a high affinity with semiconductor processes. Further, the lattice matching between MgO and the above-described magnetic material having high spin polarization is high. Therefore, if an insulating film made of MgO can be placed on graphene with a high crystal orientation, the film can be used as a tunnel insulating film for bonding graphene and a magnetic material, for example. Focusing on the high dielectric constant of 9.8 for MgO (which is more than twice that of silicon oxide, 4.2), the film can also be used as a gate insulating film.
- Non-Patent Document 3 describes the growth of MgO on graphene, but the MgO crystal orientation growth is not realized in this document. This is thought to be due to the low lattice matching between carbon such as graphene and MgO.
- the crystal structure of graphene is a six-membered ring network having a lattice constant of 0.25 nm or 0.14 nm.
- MgO has a lattice constant of 0.42 nm and a crystal structure composed of sodium chloride type cubic crystals. Therefore, it is difficult to align and grow MgO crystals simply by arranging MgO on carbon.
- the film structure (carbon-insulating film structure; insulating film on carbon) of the present invention is composed of MgO despite the low lattice matching between carbon and MgO due to the addition of a specific amount of fluorine to MgO.
- An insulating film having a high crystal orientation is provided on the carbon.
- various electronic devices using carbon such as a spin device using the insulating film as a tunnel insulating film and a field effect transistor using the insulating film as a gate insulating film are realized.
- This film structure strongly promotes the realization of a spin device capable of efficient spin injection into carbon from the viewpoint of high lattice matching between a magnetic material having high spin polarizability and MgO.
- the film structure is not limited to a spin device, and the formation temperature of the film structure is 400 ° C. or less, and the formation process is excellent in affinity with a semiconductor process, and thus can be applied to various electronic devices.
- An electronic device including the film structure is expected to be a high-speed and low-consumption device due to carbon such as graphene.
- Graphene is a film composed of a single layer or multiple layers of carbon sheets.
- graphene composed of two or more layers is referred to as “multilayer graphene”, and one layer of graphene is simply referred to as “graphene”.
- the film structure 1 is a carbon-insulating film structure including carbon 2 and an insulating film 3 disposed on the carbon 2.
- the carbon 2 and the insulating film 3 are in contact with each other.
- the insulating film 3 is made of MgO to which fluorine is added.
- the amount of fluorine added to the insulating film 3 (the amount of fluorine added to MgO constituting the insulating film 3) is 0.0049 atomic percent (atm%) or more and 0.1508 atm% or less.
- Carbon 2 is, for example, carbon having a crystal structure similar to graphene, carbon having graphene or multilayer graphene formed on the surface, graphene, and multilayer graphene.
- the carbon 2 preferably includes graphene and / or multilayer graphene, and more preferably graphene or multilayer graphene.
- the surface in contact with the insulating film 3 is preferably a layer having a crystal structure similar to that of graphene, graphene, or multilayer graphene, and more preferably graphene or multilayer graphene.
- Carbon 2 can function as a channel material for, for example, a conductive film, a spin injection film, and a field effect transistor when an electronic device is constructed using the film structure 1.
- the insulating film 3 has a high crystal orientation of MgO.
- the orientation is usually the (100) orientation of MgO.
- the insulating film 3 can function as, for example, a tunnel insulating film, a protective insulating film, an interlayer insulating film, and a gate insulating film of a field effect transistor when an electronic device is constructed using the film structure 1.
- the use of the membrane structure 1 is not particularly limited.
- the membrane structure 1 can be used in combination with other layers, membranes and / or members as required.
- Other layers, films and members to be combined when the film structure 1 is used as an electronic device include, for example, a substrate, a semiconductor layer (film), a metal layer (film), a magnetic material layer (film), and an insulating layer (film). It is.
- a spin device for example, a magnetic material layer (film) is laminated on the film structure 1 so as to be in contact with the insulating film 3. At this time, spin can be injected from the magnetic material layer (film) into the carbon 2 using the insulating film 3 as a tunnel insulating film, and the film structure 1 functions as a part of the spin device.
- the spin device is a magnetoresistance change element.
- the substrate is, for example, a silicon substrate, a quartz substrate, or a glass substrate.
- the silicon substrate may have a thermal oxide film formed on the surface by thermal oxidation.
- the quartz substrate may be a fused quartz substrate.
- the magnetic material constituting the magnetic material layer (film) is, for example, FeCo alloy, Fe 3 O 4 and Heusler alloy. These ferromagnets have high spin polarizability (Fe 3 O 4 and Heusler alloys are predicted to be band-calculated as half-metal magnets). For this reason, the characteristics as a spin device are improved by using a magnetic material layer (film) made of the magnetic material as a spin injection electrode.
- the manufacturing method of the membrane structure 1 is not particularly limited.
- the insulating film 3 is formed on the carbon 2 by sputtering using a target containing magnesium oxide and magnesium fluoride.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the formation of the insulating film 3 on the carbon 2 by the sputtering.
- the film structure 1 is formed by sputtering using a target 13 composed of a mixture of magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ).
- Reference numeral 12 denotes a heating holder 12. More specifically, in the example shown in FIG. 2, MgO to which fluorine is added on the carbon placed on the heating holder 12 by sputtering using the target 13, is 0.0049 atm% or more and 0.1508 atm% or less. An insulating film having a fluorine addition amount is formed. In FIG. 2, the insulating film thus formed can be seen as the film structure 1.
- the specific configuration of the target is not limited as long as it includes MgO and MgF 2 .
- the target may be composed of a mixture of MgO and MgF 2 as in the example shown in FIG.
- the mixture is, for example, a mixed crystal sintered body of MgO and MgF 2.
- the target may contain MgO and MgF 2 in a state where they are separated from each other.
- Such a target has, for example, a structure in which a single crystal or sintered body made of MgF 2 is arranged on a single crystal or sintered body made of MgO.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the formation of the insulating film 3 on the carbon 2 by such sputtering.
- an insulating film 3 is formed to obtain a film structure 1. More specifically, in the example shown in FIG. 3, it is composed of MgO in which fluorine is added on carbon by simultaneous sputtering using the target 13 and a further target 14 composed of MgO, and 0.0049 atm%. An insulating film having a fluorine addition amount of 0.1508 atm% or less is formed. In FIG. 3, the insulating film formed in this way can be seen as the film structure 1.
- the control of the amount of fluorine added to the insulating film 3 becomes easier, and the uniformity of fluorine addition to the insulating film 3 is achieved even though the level of the amount of fluorine added is very small. improves.
- the target 14 is made of MgO.
- the target 14 is, for example, a single crystal or a sintered body made of MgO.
- the insulating film 3 is formed on the carbon 2 in a temperature range from room temperature to 400 ° C. or less. More preferably, the carbon 2 is once heated to 350 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower and then cooled to a temperature range of room temperature to 200 ° C. or lower, and then the insulating film 3 is formed on the carbon 2.
- sputtering or co-sputtering is performed using a specific target, and the preferable temperature range for forming the insulating film 3 is the above-described range. Except for this, a conventional sputtering method can be applied.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a flowchart for manufacturing the membrane structure 1.
- carbon 2 is prepared (S1).
- Carbon 2 can be prepared by a known method.
- Graphene or multilayer graphene contained in carbon 2 includes, for example, chemical vapor deposition (Chemical Vapor Deposition: CVD), exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite: HOPG), silicon carbide (SiC) ) High temperature heating of a single crystal, or deposition of a carbon film on sapphire single crystal, Ni, iron (Fe), Co, ruthenium (Ru) or copper (Cu).
- CVD chemical Vapor Deposition
- HOPG Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
- SiC silicon carbide
- Cu copper
- the heating temperature of the carbon 2 is preferably 200 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower.
- Carbon 2 may be once heated to 350 ° C. or more and 400 ° C. or less (typically 350 ° C.), and then cooled and held in a temperature range from room temperature to 200 ° C. (typically room temperature or 200 ° C.). preferable. S2 may be performed as necessary.
- an insulating film 3 is formed on the carbon 2 (deposition step S3).
- the insulating film 3 is formed by sputtering shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, for example. In this way, the carbon-insulating film structure 1 is obtained (S4).
- steps other than S1 to S4 can be further performed.
- Example 1 [Formation of insulating film on carbon]
- carbon 2 as multilayer graphene was prepared.
- the cellophane adhesive tape is pressed against 1 mm thick highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) to peel off the crystal pieces, and the cellophane adhesive tape is pressed again against the peeled crystal pieces to partly peel off, Further sliced.
- HOPG highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
- an operation of peeling a part thereof using a cellophane tape was repeated a plurality of times, and then the HOPG flakes on the cellophane tape had an oxide film (SiO 2 film) of about 300 nm on the surface.
- the thickness of the carbon 2 on the Si substrate evaluated using an atomic force microscope (AFM) was about 1 ⁇ 0.5 nm. That is, carbon 2 is multilayer graphene. It was separately confirmed that even if the substrate is made of a material other than Si, the same result can be obtained as long as the substrate has the strength to arrange the flakes. Further, it was separately confirmed that the substrate need not be used for HOPG having a thickness of about several ⁇ m.
- carbon 2 was fixed to a heating holder and placed in a vacuum apparatus for performing inductively coupled magnetron sputtering.
- the pressure (vacuum degree) in the vacuum apparatus was set to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 Torr or less
- the carbon 2 was heated with a heating holder. The heating was performed by raising the temperature from room temperature to 350 ° C. over 30 minutes. After reaching 350 ° C., it was cooled to 200 ° C., and then maintained at 200 ° C. while the insulating film 3 was formed.
- the insulating film 3 was formed on the carbon 2 by co-sputtering using two types of targets 13 and 14 shown in FIG.
- the first target 14 composed of MgO an MgO single crystal target (manufactured by Tateho Chemical Co., Ltd., size 2 inches ⁇ ) having a purity of 3N (99.9%) was used.
- the second target containing MgO and MgF 2 has a purity of 4N (99.99%) on a MgO sintered target (manufactured by High Purity Chemical, size 2 inches ⁇ ) with a purity of 4N (99.99%).
- a target on which three sheets of MgF 2 chips (manufactured by High Purity Chemical, size 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm ⁇ thickness 2 mm) were attached was used.
- the formation of the insulating film 3 on the carbon 2 was performed under the conditions of an RF coil output of 50 W and an RF cathode power of 0 to 150 W in an argon atmosphere at a pressure of 4.05 Pa.
- the amount of fluorine added to the insulating film 3 is controlled by changing the input power to the first target 14 in the range of 0 W to 150 W and changing the input power to the second target 13 in the range of 0 W to 50 W. (See Table 2).
- the insulating film 3 In forming the insulating film 3, in order to control the thickness of the insulating film 3 to be formed, a film forming test using the first and second targets 14 and 13 alone is performed in advance, and the target is loaded into the target. The relationship of film thickness to power and sputtering time (sputter rate) was evaluated. When the insulating film 3 is actually formed, the sputtering time (deposition time) is set so that the insulating film 3 having a desired thickness can be obtained in consideration of the sputtering rate obtained for each target. Were determined. In this embodiment, the insulating film 3 having a thickness of 50 nm is formed.
- the insulating film 3 was formed on the carbon 2 in this way, and the film structure 1 was obtained.
- an evaluation insulating film (thickness: 50 nm) is separately formed on the Si substrate on which the thermal oxide film is formed, and the film forming conditions for forming the insulating film are: The relationship with the amount of fluorine contained in the formed insulating film was evaluated.
- the amount of fluorine contained in the formed insulating film for evaluation was evaluated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) combined with ion milling. Ion milling was used to evaluate the change in the amount of fluorine in the thickness direction of the insulating film.
- the measured value of the amount of fluorine by SIMS was quantified using the measured value for the standard sample.
- the standard sample is a sample in which a MgO film is formed by magnetron sputtering using a target composed of MgO on a Si substrate on which a thermal oxide film is formed, and fluorine is implanted into the formed MgO film by ion implantation at 10 20 / cc. It was.
- the measurement value of fluorine obtained by SIMS measurement is converted into the number of atoms / cc using the measurement value with respect to the standard sample, and the ratio is calculated by obtaining the ratio of the specific gravity of MgO and the number of atoms / cc calculated from the formula weight.
- the sum of the number of Mg atoms and the number of O atoms, the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to 1.076 ⁇ 10 23 was defined as atm% of the fluorine added to MgO.
- insulating films for evaluation Five types of insulating films for evaluation were prepared. Specifically, by supplying power to both the first target 14 composed of MgO and the second target 13 containing MgO and MgF 2 , three types (in which fluorine-added MgO films are formed ( Fluorine-added sample 1, fluorine-added sample 2 and fluorine-added sample 3), and two types (reference sample 1 and reference sample 2) formed with an MgO film not supplying power to the second target and not adding fluorine. .
- FIG. 5 shows the evaluation results of the fluorine amount in each sample.
- the vertical axis represents the amount of fluorine (atm%) contained in each sample, and the horizontal axis represents the normalized milling depth (au).
- FIG. 5 shows changes in the amount of fluorine with respect to the thickness direction of the insulating film.
- “standardized milling depth” means that the insulating film is dug at a constant rate with respect to the milling time with respect to the thickness from the surface of the insulating film to be evaluated to the bottom (interface with the substrate). This means the relative milling depth when it is assumed.
- the surface of the insulating film is “0” and the bottom is “1”.
- the bottom of the insulating film was judged that the ion milling reached the bottom of the insulating film (has reached the substrate) during the milling time when the 18 O signal measured simultaneously decreased sharply.
- the quantitative value of the amount of fluorine in the range of ⁇ 10% as the thickness was obtained by averaging the center of the insulating film in the film thickness direction (standardized milling depth is 0.5). The value was the measured value of the fluorine amount in the sample.
- each of the insulating film is excluded from the evaluation by 40% of the thickness from the interface with the adjacent layer, and the influence of the interface on the obtained fluorine content is removed.
- Table 1 shows the fluorine content of each sample. Table 1 also shows the BG correction value obtained by subtracting the average value of the reference samples 1 and 2 as the background (BG).
- the insulating film formed by co-sputtering can be regarded as a layer in which fluorine-containing MgO derived from the second target is diluted with respect to fluorine by MgO derived from the first target.
- the dilution ratio can be obtained from the power input to each target (deposition rate derived from each target). Therefore, based on the BG correction value of the fluorine-added sample 1 formed by supplying power only to the second target, the fluorine amounts of the fluorine-added samples 2 and 3 and the reference samples 1 and 2 are calculated from the ratio of the film formation rate. Calculated.
- FIG. 6 shows the result of comparison between the fluorine amount calculated in this way and the measured value by SIMS. The horizontal axis in FIG.
- the vertical axis is the amount of fluorine contained in each sample.
- the BG correction value obtained by the SIMS measurement and the calculated value calculated by the film formation rate almost coincided. That is, it was found that the amount of fluorine almost equivalent to the actually measured value by SIMS can be calculated from the film formation rate.
- the BG correction value of the actually measured value of the insulating film formed based on the film forming condition for which the actually measured value of SIMS exists is the fluorine amount.
- the calculated value from the film-forming rate (sputtering rate) was made into the fluorine amount about the insulating film formed based on the film-forming conditions without the actual value of SIMS.
- Table 2 below shows the fluorine amount (fluorine addition amount) in the insulating film with different film formation conditions.
- FIG. 7 shows X-ray diffraction profiles for the film structure of Example 1-1, the film structure of Comparative Example 1-1, and carbon 2 on which no insulating film is formed.
- 7A shows the diffraction profile of Example 1-1
- FIG. 7B shows the diffraction profile of Comparative Example 1-1
- FIG. 7C shows the diffraction profile of carbon.
- a strong diffraction peak having a (200) plane characteristic to the above was confirmed.
- Comparative Example 1-1 which is formed according to the reference conditions and includes an MgO insulating film having a fluorine addition amount of 0.0000 atm%, a diffraction peak derived from the (200) plane of the MgO crystal is not confirmed, but other A diffraction peak derived from the crystal plane was not confirmed. That is, it was confirmed that the crystal orientation of the insulating film included in Comparative Example 1-1 was low. Therefore, from the results shown in FIG. 7, it was confirmed that an MgO insulating film having a crystal orientation of (100) can be formed on carbon by adding a specific amount of fluorine.
- Example 1-1 the state of crystal orientation of the insulating film 3 formed on the carbon 2 under other film forming conditions was evaluated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the evaluation results are summarized in Table 3 below, including Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 1-1.
- the intensity of the diffraction peak derived from the (200) plane of the MgO crystal shown in Table 3 (count per second: cps) is the diffraction profile shown in (c) of FIG. 7 (diffraction profile of carbon with no insulating film formed). Is the intensity after removing as background.
- the diffraction peak derived from the (200) plane of the MgO crystal was confirmed in the insulating film, and crystal orientation was observed. It was confirmed that an MgO insulating film was formed on the carbon.
- Example 2 a carbon-insulating film structure 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the thickness of the insulating film 3 was 1.5 nm. Since the manufacturing conditions are the same as those of Example 1-1, the amount of fluorine added to the insulating film 3 of the formed film structure 1 is 0.0344 atm%. The thickness of the insulating film 3 was controlled by the sputtering time considering the sputtering rate.
- the Fe 3 O 4 film (thickness) is formed on the insulating film 3 in the formed film structure 1 by magnetron sputtering. 50 nm).
- the Fe 3 O 4 film was formed using a sintered body of Fe 3 O 4 as a target in an argon atmosphere at a pressure of 0.6 Pa under the conditions of a heating temperature of 300 ° C. and an applied power of RF 100 W. In this way, a laminate (Example 2-1) in which the carbon 2, the insulating film 3, and the Fe 3 O 4 film were sequentially arranged was obtained.
- the insulating film is made of MgO to which a specific amount of fluorine is added.
- the lattice mismatch ratio between MgO (lattice constant 0.42 nm) and Fe 3 O 4 (reverse spinel structure, lattice constant 0.84 nm) is 1% or less.
- the Fe 3 O 4 film in the produced laminate is finely processed by reactive ion etching, and a plurality of strip-shaped Fe 3 O 4 arranged on the insulating film so that the long sides are parallel to each other. A membrane was obtained. Using these Fe 3 O 4 films as electrodes, the spin injection characteristics of the fabricated laminates were evaluated.
- the spin injection characteristics were evaluated as follows. As shown in FIG. 8, Fe 3 O 4 films finely processed into strips are used as electrodes 21, 22, 23, and 24, and a current source 25 (manufactured by Keithley, current source 6221) is connected to a pair of adjacent electrodes 21 and 22. Were electrically connected. A voltmeter 26 (manufactured by Keithley, Nanovoltmeter 2182A) was electrically connected to a pair of adjacent electrodes 23 and 24 existing in the vicinity of the electrodes 21 and 22.
- a current source 25 manufactured by Keithley, current source 6221
- a voltmeter 26 manufactured by Keithley, Nanovoltmeter 2182A
- the Co 90 Fe 10 film is formed by using a vacuum apparatus in which the insulating film 3 is formed on the carbon 2 as it is, using a Co 90 Fe 10 alloy as a target, and a argon gas having a pressure of 0.8 Pa by magnetron sputtering. It was carried out under the conditions of a heating temperature of 300 ° C. and a cathode applied voltage of DC 400 V under an atmosphere. The thickness of the formed Co 90 Fe 10 film was 20 nm. Spin injection from the Co 90 Fe 10 film through the insulating film 3 was confirmed as a magnetoresistive effect at room temperature with hysteresis.
- the film structure of the present invention can be applied to various electronic devices, for example.
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Abstract
Description
[カーボン上への絶縁膜の形成]
最初に、Science, vol.306, p.666-p.669 (2004)の記載を参考にして、多層グラフェンであるカーボン2を準備した。具体的には、1mm厚の高配向熱分解黒鉛(HOPG)にセロハン製粘着テープを押しつけて結晶片を剥離し、剥離した結晶片にセロハン製粘着テープを再度押しつけてその一部を剥離し、さらに薄片にした。得られた薄片に対して、セロハン製粘着テープを用いてその一部を剥離させる操作を複数回繰り返した後、セロハンテープ上のHOPGの薄片を、表面に酸化膜(SiO2膜)がおよそ300nmの厚さで形成されたシリコン(Si)単結晶基板にこすりつけた。原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)を用いて評価した、Si基板上のカーボン2の厚さは約1±0.5nm程度であった。すなわち、カーボン2は多層グラフェンである。Si以外の材料から構成される基板であっても、薄片を配置する強度を有する基板であれば同じ結果が得られることを別途確認した。また、数μm程度の厚さを有するHOPGであれば基板を用いる必要がないことを別途確認した。
膜構造体の作製とは別に、カーボン上に形成した絶縁膜におけるフッ素添加量の評価方法を決定するために、以下の検討を行った。
表2に示す成膜条件Bによりカーボン2上に絶縁膜3を形成して得た膜構造体(実施例1-1)および参照条件によりカーボン2上に絶縁膜を形成して得た膜構造体(比較例1-1)に対して広角X線回折測定を実施し、各絶縁膜の結晶配向の状態を評価した。フッ素を添加しないMgOにより構成される比較例1-1の絶縁膜の形成についても、第2のターゲットに電力を供給しなかった以外は、上述した絶縁膜3の形成と同様に行った。
最初に、絶縁膜3の厚さを1.5nmとした以外は実施例1-1の作製と同様にして、カーボン-絶縁膜構造体1を作製した。実施例1-1の作製条件と同じであることから、形成した膜構造体1の絶縁膜3におけるフッ素添加量は0.0344atm%である。絶縁膜3の厚さは、スパッタレートを考慮したスパッタリング時間により制御した。
Claims (3)
- カーボンと、
前記カーボン上に配置された、フッ素が添加された酸化マグネシウムにより構成される絶縁膜と、を備え、
前記酸化マグネシウムにおけるフッ素の添加量が、0.0049原子パーセント以上0.1508原子パーセント以下である、膜構造体。 - カーボンと、前記カーボン上に配置された絶縁膜と、を備える膜構造体の製造方法であって、
酸化マグネシウムとフッ化マグネシウムとを含むターゲットを用いたスパッタリングにより、前記カーボン上に、フッ素が添加された酸化マグネシウムにより構成され、0.0049原子パーセント以上0.1508原子パーセント以下のフッ素添加量を有する絶縁膜を形成する、膜構造体の製造方法。 - 前記酸化マグネシウムとフッ化マグネシウムとを含むターゲットと、酸化マグネシウムにより構成される更なるターゲットとを用いた同時スパッタリングにより、前記カーボン上に前記絶縁膜を形成する、請求項2に記載の膜構造体の製造方法。
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