WO2013005291A1 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents

内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013005291A1
WO2013005291A1 PCT/JP2011/065278 JP2011065278W WO2013005291A1 WO 2013005291 A1 WO2013005291 A1 WO 2013005291A1 JP 2011065278 W JP2011065278 W JP 2011065278W WO 2013005291 A1 WO2013005291 A1 WO 2013005291A1
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Prior art keywords
sensor
nox catalyst
filter
internal combustion
combustion engine
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PCT/JP2011/065278
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
隆徳 中野
晴之 片山
広田　信也
利岡　俊祐
光一朗 福田
Original Assignee
トヨタ自動車株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by トヨタ自動車株式会社 filed Critical トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority to KR1020137025953A priority Critical patent/KR101440009B1/ko
Priority to AU2011372591A priority patent/AU2011372591B2/en
Priority to JP2013522629A priority patent/JP5590241B2/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2011/065278 priority patent/WO2013005291A1/ja
Priority to BR112013025948A priority patent/BR112013025948A2/pt
Priority to EP11869009.8A priority patent/EP2730759B1/en
Priority to RU2013145421/06A priority patent/RU2547350C1/ru
Priority to CN201180070529.5A priority patent/CN103635664B/zh
Priority to US14/110,895 priority patent/US9221017B2/en
Publication of WO2013005291A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013005291A1/ja

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/108—Auxiliary reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/904—Multiple catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine.
  • a technique for providing a particulate filter (hereinafter also simply referred to as a filter), a selective reduction type NOx catalyst (hereinafter also simply referred to as a NOx catalyst), or the like as an exhaust purification device in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine is known. It has been.
  • the filter collects particulate matter (Particulate Matter: hereinafter also referred to as PM) generated in the exhaust gas generated by combustion of fuel in the internal combustion engine.
  • the NOx catalyst reduces NOx in the exhaust gas using ammonia as a reducing agent.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which a filter is provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, and a PM sensor is provided in an exhaust passage downstream of the filter. Patent Document 1 describes that an NOx catalyst is provided in the exhaust passage between the filter and the PM sensor.
  • a first NOx catalyst (first SCR catalyst) is provided downstream of the oxidation catalyst in the exhaust path, and a second NOx catalyst capable of adsorbing more ammonia than the first NOx catalyst downstream of the first NOx catalyst.
  • a technique of providing a (second SCR catalyst) and further providing urea water supply means upstream of the second NOx catalyst is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 3 a second catalytic converter having a larger capacity than the first catalytic converter is provided downstream of the first catalytic converter in the exhaust passage, and an O between the first catalytic converter and the second catalytic converter is provided.
  • a technique for providing two sensors is disclosed.
  • a NOx catalyst When a NOx catalyst is provided in the exhaust passage, it is necessary to supply ammonia as a reducing agent to the NOx catalyst. For this reason, a urea addition section for adding urea into the exhaust gas upstream of the NOx catalyst is provided. Ammonia generated by the hydrolysis of urea added from the urea addition section is supplied to the NOx catalyst.
  • a PM sensor may be provided downstream of the filter in order to detect the amount of PM that has passed through the filter.
  • the PM sensor is a sensor that detects the amount of PM in the exhaust gas.
  • the PM sensor when the PM sensor is further provided downstream of the filter, the PM sensor is disposed downstream of the urea addition portion. There is a possibility that the PM sensor is wetted by urea added from the urea addition valve. If the PM sensor is wetted with urea, the PM sensor may be deteriorated.
  • ammonia-derived compounds such as biuret and cyanuric acid may be generated.
  • the PM sensor may detect the ammonia-derived compound as PM.
  • the PM sensor detects the ammonia-derived compound as PM, there is a possibility that the detection accuracy of the PM amount formed by the fuel component, which should be detected by the PM sensor, may decrease.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in the configuration in which the urea addition section and the NOx catalyst are provided downstream of the filter in the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, the PM sensor is further provided downstream of the filter. It is an object of the present invention to suppress deterioration of the PM sensor and decrease in detection accuracy of the PM amount.
  • the first NOx catalyst and the second NOx catalyst are provided in order from the upstream side along the flow of exhaust gas downstream from the filter.
  • a urea addition section is provided between the filter and the first NOx catalyst, and a PM sensor is provided between the first NOx catalyst and the second NOx catalyst.
  • the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine is A particulate filter provided in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine; A first selective reduction type NOx catalyst provided in an exhaust passage downstream of the particulate filter; A second selective reduction type NOx catalyst provided in an exhaust passage downstream of the first selective reduction type NOx catalyst; A urea addition section that is provided in an exhaust passage between the particulate filter and the first selective reduction type NOx catalyst, and adds urea into the exhaust; A PM sensor that is provided in an exhaust passage between the first selective reduction type NOx catalyst and the second selective reduction type NOx catalyst and detects the amount of particulate matter in the exhaust; Is provided.
  • the PM sensor may output a signal corresponding to the PM amount (flow rate) in the exhaust gas, or may output a signal corresponding to the PM amount deposited on itself. .
  • the first NOx catalyst is disposed between the urea addition section and the PM sensor, the PM sensor is difficult to get wet with urea. Therefore, deterioration of the PM sensor can be suppressed.
  • the PM sensor is arranged upstream of the second NOx catalyst, so that the PM is oxidized in the filter as compared with the case where the PM sensor is arranged downstream of the second NOx catalyst.
  • the temperature of the PM sensor is likely to rise.
  • the ammonia-derived compound deposited on the PM sensor is easily removed. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the detection accuracy of the PM amount of the PM sensor.
  • the temperature of the PM sensor is easily raised by the exhaust gas as compared with the case where the PM sensor is arranged downstream of the second NOx catalyst. Therefore, when the temperature of the PM sensor is lower than the activation temperature, such as at a low temperature start, the PM sensor can be activated earlier.
  • the heat capacity of the first NOx catalyst may be smaller than the heat capacity of the second NOx catalyst. According to this, the temperature of the PM sensor can be more easily increased.
  • the urea addition part and the NOx catalyst are provided downstream of the filter in the exhaust passage, when the PM sensor is further provided downstream of the filter, the deterioration of the PM sensor and the detection accuracy of the PM amount are improved. The decrease can be suppressed.
  • the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is applied to a diesel engine for driving a vehicle.
  • the internal combustion engine according to the present invention is not limited to a diesel engine, and may be a gasoline engine or the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine according to the present embodiment.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 is a diesel engine for driving a vehicle.
  • An exhaust passage 2 is connected to the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the arrow in FIG. 1 represents the flow direction of exhaust gas.
  • a filter 3 is provided in the exhaust passage 2.
  • the filter 3 collects PM in the exhaust generated by the combustion of fuel in the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the filter 3 may carry a catalyst such as an oxidation catalyst, an NOx storage reduction catalyst, or a selective reduction NOx catalyst.
  • PM gradually accumulates on the filter 3.
  • the temperature of the filter 3 rises to a temperature at which PM can be oxidized as the exhaust gas temperature rises, the PM deposited on the filter 3 is oxidized.
  • the PM deposited on the filter 3 can be oxidized and removed.
  • a first selective reduction type NOx catalyst (first NOx catalyst) 4 is provided in the exhaust passage 2 downstream of the filter 3.
  • a second selective reduction type NOx catalyst (second NOx catalyst) 5 is provided in the exhaust passage 2 downstream of the first NOx catalyst 4.
  • the heat capacity of the first NOx catalyst 4 is smaller than the heat capacity of the second NOx catalyst 5.
  • a urea addition valve 6 is provided in the exhaust passage 2 between the filter 3 and the first NOx catalyst 4.
  • the urea addition valve 6 adds an aqueous urea solution into the exhaust.
  • the urea addition valve 6 is connected to a urea tank (not shown) in which a urea aqueous solution is stored.
  • a urea aqueous solution is supplied from the urea tank to the urea addition valve 6.
  • the urea addition valve 6 is electrically connected to an ECU (not shown) for controlling the internal combustion engine 1 and is controlled by the ECU.
  • the urea addition valve 6 corresponds to the urea addition section according to the present invention.
  • the urea is supplied to the first and second NOx catalysts 4 and 5 by adding the urea aqueous solution into the exhaust gas from the urea addition valve 6.
  • the urea supplied to the first or second NOx catalyst 4, 5 is once adsorbed to each NOx catalyst 4, 5.
  • ammonia arises because the adsorbed urea hydrolyzes.
  • the ammonia serves as a reducing agent to reduce NOx in the exhaust.
  • a PM sensor 7 that detects the amount of PM in the exhaust gas is provided in the exhaust passage 2 between the first NOx catalyst 4 and the second NOx catalyst 5.
  • the PM sensor 7 is a sensor that outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the amount of PM deposited on itself.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the sensor element of the PM sensor 7.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the PM deposition amount in the PM sensor 7, the electrical resistance between the electrodes 7 a and 7 b of the PM sensor 7, and the output value of the PM sensor 7.
  • the horizontal axis represents the PM accumulation amount in the PM sensor 7
  • the lower vertical axis represents the electrical resistance between the electrodes 7 a and 7 b of the PM sensor 7
  • the upper vertical axis represents the output value of the PM sensor 7. Represents.
  • the sensor element of the PM sensor 7 has a pair of comb electrodes 7a and 7b.
  • PM in the exhaust gas adheres to the PM sensor 7, and the adhering PM gradually accumulates.
  • the amount of accumulated PM in the PM sensor 7 increases, the amount of PM existing between the electrodes 7a and 7b increases.
  • the output value of the PM sensor 7 is a value corresponding to the PM accumulation amount in the PM sensor 7.
  • the PM sensor 7 is provided on the downstream side of the filter 3. Therefore, PM that has passed through the filter 3 is collected by the PM sensor 7 without being collected by the filter 3. Therefore, the PM accumulation amount in the PM sensor 7 is an amount corresponding to the integrated value of the PM amount that has passed through the filter 3.
  • the PM sensor 7 is electrically connected to the ECU, and the output signal of the PM sensor 7 is input to the ECU.
  • failure diagnosis of the filter 3 is performed based on the output value of the PM sensor 7.
  • the ECU determines that a failure of the filter 3 has occurred.
  • the PM sensor 7 may output a signal corresponding to the amount of PM deposited on itself based on an electrical characteristic value other than electrical resistance. Furthermore, the PM sensor according to the present invention is not limited to one that outputs a signal corresponding to the amount of PM deposited on itself, but outputs a signal that corresponds to the PM amount (flow rate) in the exhaust gas. Also good.
  • the PM sensor When the PM sensor is provided on the downstream side of the urea addition valve in the exhaust passage, the PM sensor may be wetted by the aqueous urea solution added from the urea addition valve.
  • the first NOx catalyst 4 is disposed between the urea addition valve 6 and the PM sensor 7. According to such a configuration, it is difficult for the PM sensor 7 to be wet with the urea aqueous solution. Therefore, deterioration of the PM sensor 7 can be suppressed.
  • an ammonia-derived compound (biuret, cyanuric acid, etc.) may be generated.
  • the PM sensor 7 may detect the ammonia-derived compound as PM. That is, in the PM sensor 7, the ammonia-derived compound is deposited in addition to the PM formed by the fuel component, so that the electrical resistance between the electrodes 7a and 7b is lower than when only PM is deposited. As a result, PM There is a possibility that the sensor 7 outputs a value larger than the PM accumulation amount in the PM sensor 7. As described above, when the PM sensor 7 detects the ammonia-derived compound as PM, there is a possibility that the detection accuracy of the PM amount formed by the fuel component that should be detected by the PM sensor 7 may be lowered.
  • the PM sensor 7 is provided in the exhaust passage 2 on the downstream side of the second NOx catalyst 5, it is possible to suppress the wetness of the PM sensor 7 by the urea aqueous solution added from the urea addition valve 6. it can.
  • the PM sensor 7 when the PM sensor 7 is disposed in the exhaust passage 2 upstream of the second NOx catalyst 5, the PM sensor 7 is disposed in the exhaust passage 2 downstream of the second NOx catalyst 5.
  • the PM sensor 7 can easily receive heat generated when the PM is oxidized in the filter 3. Therefore, the temperature of the PM sensor 7 is easily increased.
  • the ammonia-derived compound deposited on the PM sensor 7 is oxidized and removed. That is, when the PM sensor 7 is disposed in the exhaust passage 2 upstream of the second NOx catalyst 5, it adheres to the PM sensor 7 as compared with the case where the PM sensor 7 is disposed in the exhaust passage 2 downstream of the second NOx catalyst 5. Thus, the ammonia-derived compound is easily removed.
  • the heat capacity of the first NOx catalyst 4 is smaller than the heat capacity of the second NOx catalyst 5.
  • the configuration according to the present embodiment it is possible to suppress a decrease in the detection accuracy of the PM amount of the PM sensor 7. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of erroneous diagnosis in the failure diagnosis of the filter 3 as described above.
  • the PM sensor 7 when the PM sensor 7 is disposed in the exhaust passage 2 upstream of the second NOx catalyst 5, the PM sensor 7 is exhausted as compared with the case where the PM sensor 7 is disposed in the exhaust passage 2 downstream of the second NOx catalyst 5. It becomes easy to heat up. Further, since the heat capacity of the first NOx catalyst 4 is smaller than the heat capacity of the second NOx catalyst 5, the temperature of the PM sensor 7 is increased by exhaust as in the case where the temperature of the PM sensor 7 is increased by the PM oxidation heat in the filter 3. It becomes easier to be promoted. Therefore, according to the structure which concerns on a present Example, when the temperature of PM sensor 7 is lower than the activation temperature at the time of a cold start etc., this PM sensor 7 can be activated earlier.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

　本発明は、内燃機関の排気通路におけるパティキュレートフィルタ（フィルタ）より下流側に尿素添加部及び選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒（ＮＯｘ触媒）を設けた構成において、さらにフィルタより下流側にＰＭセンサを設ける場合に、ＰＭセンサの劣化及びＰＭ量の検出精度の低下を抑制することを目的とする。本発明では、内燃機関１の排気通路２において、フィルタ３より下流側に第１ＮＯｘ触媒４と第２ＮＯｘ触媒５とを排気の流れに沿って上流側から順に設ける。そして、フィルタ３と第１ＮＯｘ触媒４との間に尿素添加部６を設け、第１ＮＯｘ触媒４と第２ＮＯｘ触媒５との間にＰＭセンサ７を設ける。

Description

内燃機関の排気浄化装置
　本発明は、内燃機関の排気浄化装置に関する。
　内燃機関の排気通路に、排気浄化装置として、パティキュレートフィルタ（以下、単にフィルタと称する場合もある）や選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒（以下、単にＮＯｘ触媒と称する場合もある）等を設ける技術が知られている。フィルタは、内燃機関での燃料の燃焼によって生成された排気中の粒子状物質（Particulate Matter：以下、ＰＭと称する場合もある）を捕集する。ＮＯｘ触媒は、アンモニアを還元剤として排気中のＮＯｘを還元する。
　特許文献１には、内燃機関の排気通路にフィルタを設け、さらに、フィルタより下流側の排気通路にＰＭセンサを設ける技術が開示されている。また、特許文献１には、フィルタとＰＭセンサとの間の排気通路にＮＯｘ触媒を設けることが記載されている。
　特許文献２には、排気の経路において、酸化触媒より下流側に第１ＮＯｘ触媒（第１ＳＣＲ触媒）を設け、第１ＮＯｘ触媒より下流側に該第１ＮＯｘ触媒より多くのアンモニアを吸着可能な第２ＮＯｘ触媒（第２ＳＣＲ触媒）を設け、さらに、第２ＮＯｘ触媒より上流側に尿素水供給手段を設ける技術が開示されている。
　特許文献３には、排気通路において、第１触媒コンバータより下流側に該第１触媒コンバータよりも容量が大きい第２触媒コンバータを設けると共に、第１触媒コンバータと第２触媒コンバータとの間にＯ２センサを設ける技術が開示されている。
特開２０１０－２２９９５７号公報 特開２０１１－０５２６１２号公報 特開平０８－２９６４３０号公報
　排気通路にＮＯｘ触媒を設けた場合、還元剤たるアンモニアを該ＮＯｘ触媒に供給する必要がある。そのため、ＮＯｘ触媒より上流側の排気中に尿素を添加する尿素添加部が設けられる。尿素添加部から添加された尿素が加水分解することで生じたアンモニアがＮＯｘ触媒に供給される。
　また、排気通路にフィルタを設けた場合、該フィルタを通過したＰＭ量を検出すべく、該フィルタより下流側にＰＭセンサを設ける場合がある。ＰＭセンサは、排気中のＰＭ量を検出するセンサである。
　ここで、排気通路におけるフィルタより下流側に尿素添加部及びＮＯｘ触媒を設けた構成において、さらにフィルタより下流側にＰＭセンサを設ける場合、尿素添加部よりも下流側にＰＭセンサが配置されると、尿素添加弁から添加された尿素によってＰＭセンサが被水する可能性がある。尿素によってＰＭセンサが被水すると、ＰＭセンサの劣化が促進される虞がある。
　さらに、ＰＭセンサに付着した尿素が排気によって加熱されると、ビウレットやシアヌル酸等のアンモニア由来化合物が生成される場合がある。該アンモニア由来化合物が生成されると、ＰＭセンサが該アンモニア由来化合物をＰＭとして検知する可能性がある。ＰＭセンサが該アンモニア由来化合物をＰＭとして検知すると、ＰＭセンサによって本来検出すべき、燃料成分によって形成されたＰＭ量の検出精度が低下する虞がある。
　本発明は、上記のような問題に鑑みてなされたものであって、内燃機関の排気通路におけるフィルタより下流側に尿素添加部及びＮＯｘ触媒を設けた構成において、さらにフィルタより下流側にＰＭセンサを設ける場合に、ＰＭセンサの劣化及びＰＭ量の検出精度の低下を抑制することを目的とする。
　本発明では、内燃機関の排気通路において、フィルタより下流側に第１ＮＯｘ触媒と第２ＮＯｘ触媒とを排気の流れに沿って上流側から順に設ける。そして、フィルタと第１ＮＯｘ触媒との間に尿素添加部を設け、第１ＮＯｘ触媒と第２ＮＯｘ触媒との間にＰＭセンサを設ける。
　より詳しくは、本発明に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置は、
　内燃機関の排気通路に設けられたパティキュレートフィルタと、
　前記パティキュレートフィルタより下流側の排気通路に設けられた第１選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒と、
　前記第１選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒より下流側の排気通路に設けられた第２選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒と、
　前記パティキュレートフィルタと前記第１選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒との間の排気通路に設けられ、排気中に尿素を添加する尿素添加部と、
　前記第１選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒と前記第２選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒との間の排気通路に設けられ、排気中の粒子状物質量を検出するＰＭセンサと、
　を備える。
　ここで、ＰＭセンサは、排気中のＰＭ量（流量）に対応する信号を出力するものであってもよく、また、自身に堆積したＰＭ量に対応する信号を出力するものであってもよい。
　本発明によれば、尿素添加部とＰＭセンサとの間に第１ＮＯｘ触媒が配置されることで、尿素によってＰＭセンサが被水し難くなる。そのため、ＰＭセンサの劣化を抑制することができる。
　また、本発明によれば、ＰＭセンサが第２ＮＯｘ触媒よりも上流側に配置されることで、該ＰＭセンサが第２ＮＯｘ触媒よりも下流側に配置された場合に比べて、フィルタにおいてＰＭが酸化された際にＰＭセンサが昇温し易くなる。その結果、ＰＭセンサに堆積したアンモニア由来化合物が除去され易くなる。従って、ＰＭセンサのＰＭ量の検出精度の低下を抑制することができる。
　さらに、ＰＭセンサが第２ＮＯｘ触媒よりも下流側に配置された場合に比べて、排気によってＰＭセンサが昇温し易くなる。そのため、低温始動時等のようなＰＭセンサの温度がその活性温度より低いときに、該ＰＭセンサをより早期に活性化させることができる。
　また、本発明においては、第１ＮＯｘ触媒の熱容量を第２ＮＯｘ触媒の熱容量より小さくしてもよい。これによれば、ＰＭセンサがより昇温し易くなる。
　本発明によれば、排気通路におけるフィルタより下流側に尿素添加部及びＮＯｘ触媒を設けた構成において、さらにフィルタより下流側にＰＭセンサを設ける場合に、ＰＭセンサの劣化及びＰＭ量の検出精度の低下を抑制することができる。
実施例に係る内燃機関の排気系の概略構成を示す図である。 実施例に係るＰＭセンサの概略構成を示す図である。 ＰＭセンサにおけるＰＭ堆積量、ＰＭセンサの電極間の電気抵抗及びＰＭセンサの出力値の関係を示すグラフである。
　以下、本発明の具体的な実施形態について図面に基づいて説明する。本実施例に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対配置等は、特に記載がない限りは発明の技術的範囲をそれらのみに限定する趣旨のものではない。
　＜実施例＞
　ここでは、本発明に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置を、車両駆動用のディーゼルエンジンに適用した場合について説明する。ただし、本発明に係る内燃機関は、ディーゼルエンジンに限られるものではなく、ガソリンエンジン等であってもよい。
　［排気系の概略構成］
　図１は、本実施例に係る内燃機関の排気系の概略構成を示す図である。内燃機関１は車両駆動用のディーゼルエンジンである。内燃機関１には排気通路２が接続されている。尚、図１における矢印は、排気の流れ方向を表している。
　排気通路２にはフィルタ３が設けられている。フィルタ３は、内燃機関１での燃料の燃焼によって生成された排気中のＰＭを捕集する。尚、フィルタ３には、酸化触媒、吸蔵還元型ＮＯｘ触媒、又は選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒等の触媒が担持されていてもよい。フィルタ３によってＰＭが捕集されることで、該フィルタ３に徐々にＰＭが堆積する。排気温度の上昇等に伴ってフィルタ３の温度が、ＰＭの酸化が可能な温度まで上昇した時には、該フィルタ３に堆積したＰＭが酸化される。また、フィルタ３の温度を強制的に上昇させる、所謂フィルタ再生処理を実行することで、該フィルタ３に堆積したＰＭを酸化させて除去することもできる。
　フィルタ３より下流側の排気通路２には第１選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒（第１ＮＯｘ触媒）４が設けられている。第１ＮＯｘ触媒４より下流側の排気通路２には第２選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒（第２ＮＯｘ触媒）５が設けられている。第１ＮＯｘ触媒４の熱容量は、第２ＮＯｘ触媒５の熱容量に比べて小さい。
　フィルタ３と第１ＮＯｘ触媒４との間の排気通路２には尿素添加弁６が設けられている。尿素添加弁６は排気中に尿素水溶液を添加する。尿素添加弁６には、尿素水溶液が貯留されている尿素タンク（図示せず）が接続されている。尿素タンクから尿素添加弁６に尿素水溶液が供給される。また、尿素添加弁６は、内燃機関１を制御するためのＥＣＵ（図示せず）に電気的に接続されており、該ＥＣＵによって制御される。尚、本実施例においては、尿素添加弁６が、本発明に係る尿素添加部に相当する。
　尿素添加弁６から排気中に尿素水溶液が添加されることで、第１及び第２ＮＯｘ触媒４，５に尿素が供給される。第１又は第２ＮＯｘ触媒４，５に供給された尿素は各ＮＯｘ触媒４，５に一旦吸着する。そして、吸着した尿素が加水分解することでアンモニアが生じる。該アンモニアが還元剤となって排気中のＮＯｘが還元される。
　そして、本実施例では、第１ＮＯｘ触媒４と第２ＮＯｘ触媒５との間の排気通路２に、排気中のＰＭ量を検出するＰＭセンサ７が設けられている。該ＰＭセンサ７は、自身に堆積したＰＭ量に対応する電気信号を出力するセンサである。
　ここで、ＰＭセンサ７の詳細について、図２及び３に基づいて説明する。図２は、ＰＭセンサ７のセンサ素子の概略構成を示す図である。図３は、ＰＭセンサ７におけるＰＭ堆積量と、ＰＭセンサ７の電極７ａ，７ｂ間の電気抵抗及びＰＭセンサ７の出力値との関係を示すグラフである。図３において、横軸はＰＭセンサ７におけるＰＭ堆積量を表しており、下段縦軸はＰＭセンサ７の電極７ａ，７ｂ間の電気抵抗を表しており、上段縦軸はＰＭセンサ７の出力値を表している。
　図２に示すように、ＰＭセンサ７のセンサ素子は、一対の櫛歯型電極７ａ，７ｂを有している。ＰＭセンサ７には、排気中のＰＭが付着し、該付着したＰＭが徐々に堆積する。ＰＭセンサ７におけるＰＭ堆積量が増加するにつれて、電極７ａ，７ｂ間に存在するＰＭの量が増加する。
　そのため、図３に示すように、ＰＭセンサ７におけるＰＭ堆積量が多いほど、電極７ａ，７ｂ間の電気抵抗が低くなる。そして、電極７ａ，７ｂ間の電気抵抗が低下するほど、ＰＭセンサ７の出力値が増加する。従って、該ＰＭセンサ７の出力値は、ＰＭセンサ７におけるＰＭ堆積量に対応した値となる。
　また、ＰＭセンサ７は、フィルタ３よりも下流側に設けられている。そのため、ＰＭセンサ７には、フィルタ３に捕集されずに、該フィルタ３を通過したＰＭが捕集される。従って、該ＰＭセンサ７におけるＰＭ堆積量は、フィルタ３を通過したＰＭ量の積算値に対応した量となる。
　ＰＭセンサ７はＥＣＵに電気的に接続されており、ＰＭセンサ７の出力信号が該ＥＣＵに入力される。ＥＣＵでは、該ＰＭセンサ７の出力値に基づいて、フィルタ３の故障診断が行われる。破損や溶損等のフィルタ３の故障が発生した場合、フィルタ３が正常な状態の場合よりも該フィルタ３を通過するＰＭ量が増加する。そこで、所定期間中におけるＰＭセンサ７の出力値の変化量が所定の閾値を超えた場合、ＥＣＵは、フィルタ３の故障が発生したと判定する。
　尚、電極７ａ，７ｂ間に存在するＰＭの量が変化すれば、該電極７ａ，７ｂ間を流れる電流等の電気抵抗以外の電気的特性値も変化する。そのため、ＰＭセンサ７は、電気抵抗以外の電気的特性値に基づいて、自身に堆積したＰＭ量に対応した信号を出力するものであってもよい。さらに、本発明に係るＰＭセンサは、自身に堆積したＰＭ量に対応する信号を出力するものに限られるものではなく、排気中のＰＭ量（流量）に対応する信号を出力するものであってもよい。
　［本実施例に係る構成の効果］
　排気通路における尿素添加弁よりも下流側にＰＭセンサが設けられた場合、尿素添加弁から添加された尿素水溶液によってＰＭセンサが被水する虞がある。しかしながら、本実施例においては、尿素添加弁６とＰＭセンサ７との間に第１ＮＯｘ触媒４が配置されている。このような構成によれば、尿素水溶液によってＰＭセンサ７が被水し難くなる。従って、ＰＭセンサ７の劣化を抑制することができる。
　また、ＰＭセンサ７に付着した尿素が排気によって加熱されると、アンモニア由来化合物（ビウレットやシアヌル酸等）が生成される場合がある。ＰＭセンサ７において、このようなアンモニア由来化合物が生成されると、ＰＭセンサ７が該アンモニア由来化合物をＰＭとして検知する可能性がある。つまり、ＰＭセンサ７において、燃料成分によって形成されたＰＭに加えてアンモニア由来化合物が堆積することで、電極７ａ，７ｂ間の電気抵抗がＰＭのみが堆積した場合よりも低くなり、その結果、ＰＭセンサ７が、該ＰＭセンサ７におけるＰＭ堆積量よりも大きな値を出力する可能性がある。このように、ＰＭセンサ７がアンモニア由来化合物をＰＭとして検知すると、ＰＭセンサ７によって本来検出すべき、燃料成分によって形成されたＰＭ量の検出精度が低下する虞がある。
　ここで、第２ＮＯｘ触媒５より下流側の排気通路２にＰＭセンサ７を設けた場合であっても、尿素添加弁６から添加された尿素水溶液による該ＰＭセンサ７の被水を抑制することができる。しかしながら、本実施例のように、第２ＮＯｘ触媒５より上流側の排気通路２にＰＭセンサ７を配置した場合、第２ＮＯｘ触媒５より下流側の排気通路２にＰＭセンサ７を配置した場合に比べて、フィルタ３においてＰＭが酸化された際に発生した熱をＰＭセンサ７が受け易くなる。そのため、ＰＭセンサ７が昇温し易くなる。
　ＰＭセンサ７が昇温すると、該ＰＭセンサ７に堆積したアンモニア由来化合物が酸化され除去される。つまり、第２ＮＯｘ触媒５より上流側の排気通路２にＰＭセンサ７を配置した場合、第２ＮＯｘ触媒５より下流側の排気通路２にＰＭセンサ７を配置した場合に比べて、ＰＭセンサ７に付着したアンモニア由来化合物が除去され易くなる。
　さらに、本実施例においては、第１ＮＯｘ触媒４の熱容量が第２ＮＯｘ触媒５の熱容量よりも小さい。これによって、フィルタ３においてＰＭが酸化された際に、ＰＭセンサ７がより昇温し易くなる。そのため、ＰＭセンサ７に付着したアンモニア由来化合物の除去がより促進される。
　従って、本実施例に係る構成によれば、ＰＭセンサ７のＰＭ量の検出精度の低下を抑制することができる。その結果、上述したようなフィルタ３の故障診断において誤診断が生じることも抑制することができる。
　また、第２ＮＯｘ触媒５より上流側の排気通路２にＰＭセンサ７を配置した場合、第２ＮＯｘ触媒５より下流側の排気通路２にＰＭセンサ７を配置した場合に比べて、排気によってＰＭセンサ７が昇温し易くなる。さらに、第１ＮＯｘ触媒４の熱容量が第２ＮＯｘ触媒５の熱容量よりも小さいことで、フィルタ３におけるＰＭの酸化熱によってＰＭセンサ７が昇温される場合と同様、排気によるＰＭセンサ７の昇温もより促進され易くなる。従って、本実施例に係る構成によれば、低温始動時等のようなＰＭセンサ７の温度がその活性温度より低いときに、該ＰＭセンサ７をより早期に活性化させることができる。
１・・・内燃機関
２・・・排気通路
３・・・パティキュレートフィルタ
４・・・第１選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒
５・・・第２選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒
６・・・尿素添加弁
７・・・ＰＭセンサ

Claims (2)

  1. 　内燃機関の排気通路に設けられたパティキュレートフィルタと、
    　前記パティキュレートフィルタより下流側の排気通路に設けられた第１選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒と、
    　前記第１選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒より下流側の排気通路に設けられた第２選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒と、
    　前記パティキュレートフィルタと前記第１選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒との間の排気通路に設けられ、排気中に尿素を添加する尿素添加部と、
    　前記第１選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒と前記第２選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒との間の排気通路に設けられ、排気中の粒子状物質量を検出するＰＭセンサと、
    　を備える内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
  2. 　前記第１選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒の熱容量が前記第２選択還元型ＮＯｘ触媒の熱容量より小さい請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
PCT/JP2011/065278 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 WO2013005291A1 (ja)

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KR1020137025953A KR101440009B1 (ko) 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치
AU2011372591A AU2011372591B2 (en) 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 Exhaust purification apparatus for internal combustion engine
JP2013522629A JP5590241B2 (ja) 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
PCT/JP2011/065278 WO2013005291A1 (ja) 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
BR112013025948A BR112013025948A2 (pt) 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 aparelho para controle de gás de descarga para motor de combustão interna
EP11869009.8A EP2730759B1 (en) 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 Exhaust purification apparatus for internal combustion engine
RU2013145421/06A RU2547350C1 (ru) 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 Нейтрализатор выхлопных газов для двигателя внутреннего сгорания
CN201180070529.5A CN103635664B (zh) 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 内燃机的排气净化装置
US14/110,895 US9221017B2 (en) 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 Exhaust gas control apparatus for internal combustion engine

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