WO2012155413A1 - 生物质流体燃料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

生物质流体燃料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2012155413A1
WO2012155413A1 PCT/CN2011/079511 CN2011079511W WO2012155413A1 WO 2012155413 A1 WO2012155413 A1 WO 2012155413A1 CN 2011079511 W CN2011079511 W CN 2011079511W WO 2012155413 A1 WO2012155413 A1 WO 2012155413A1
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biomass
fuel
group
biomass feedstock
fluid fuel
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PCT/CN2011/079511
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English (en)
French (fr)
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谭鸿鑫
段占庭
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科威国际技术转移有限公司
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Publication of WO2012155413A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012155413A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/322Coal-oil suspensions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the further development and utilization of biomass feedstocks, in particular biomass waste, in particular to biomass fluid fuels and processes for their preparation, in which physical and/or thermochemical methods are used to feed biomass feedstocks The particles are converted to biomass fluid fuel.
  • biomass waste in China's industrial background, such as bagasse, distiller's residue, cassava residue, straw, wheat straw, bean stalk, cotton stalk, corn stalk, corn cob, deciduous and sawdust.
  • Material waste usually contains a large amount of macromolecular substances such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and starch which can be further utilized.
  • macromolecular substances such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and starch which can be further utilized.
  • thermochemical reactions are thermochemical reactions based on the above principles, in which the ratio between the various products formed can be varied by controlling the conditions of the thermochemical reaction. Therefore, thermochemical methods are an effective way to utilize biomass feedstocks.
  • biomass oil cannot be directly used in existing power equipment because biomass oil is mostly physical and Hydrocarbons that are less stable in chemical properties must be modified and/or refined before they can be applied.
  • Fluid fuel refers to the grinding and refining of flammable solids in a fluid medium to form
  • the fluid of the fine solid particles is further added with a dispersant and/or a stabilizer to form a stable homogeneous fluid, such as a coal water slurry or a coal slurry.
  • a dispersant and/or a stabilizer to form a stable homogeneous fluid, such as a coal water slurry or a coal slurry.
  • flammable solids such as coal, petroleum coke, and biological sludge can be obtained by grinding and refining in a fluid medium such as diesel or water to obtain a fluid fuel with good fluidity.
  • the fluid fuel can be used as a highly efficient alternative fuel.
  • the burner is burned.
  • biomass fluid fuel which is a fluid fuel based on biomass feedstock particles, specifically dispersing biomass feedstocks such as biomass waste particles by physical and/or thermochemical methods.
  • a biomass fluid fuel is formed into the liquid fuel medium.
  • the biomass fluid fuel of the present invention has the advantages of convenient transportation, use and high combustion efficiency of the fluid fuel, thereby providing a new idea for the development and application of solid biomass raw materials such as biomass waste. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a biomass fluid fuel comprising biomass feedstock particles and a fuel adjuvant dispersed in a liquid fuel medium, wherein the biomass feedstock particles have a particle size of less than or equal to about 150 microns, preferably less than Or equal to about 120 microns, more preferably less than or equal to about 100 microns, the weight ratio of the biomass feedstock particles to the liquid fuel medium is from 1:10 to 1:1, preferably from 1:7 to 1:1, most ⁇ 0. 0wt%, ⁇ 0. 0-2. 0wt%, More preferably 0. 8- 2. 0wt%, more 5 ⁇ % ⁇ Preferably, it is 0. 9-1. 5wt%.
  • the invention also provides a method of making the biomass fluid fuel, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the biomass feedstock is comminuted and sieved to obtain a particle size of less than or equal to about 150 microns, preferably less than or equal to about 120 microns, more preferably less than or equal to about 100 microns.
  • homogenization is carried out using a high-speed shear emulsification apparatus to obtain a homogeneous mixture as a biomass fluid fuel.
  • the biomass raw material is generally biomass waste, and is selected from the group consisting of bagasse, distiller's residue, cassava residue, straw, straw, bean stalk, cotton stalk, corn stalk, corn cob, deciduous and sawdust.
  • the source of the biomass feedstock is still very rich.
  • the liquid fuel medium may be any suitable liquid fuel commonly used, preferably a less expensive non-volatile liquid fuel, specifically a non-volatile oily liquid fuel such as heavy oil and coal tar and heavy oil components and coal.
  • a tar component wherein the heavy oil component such as a heavy oil light fraction, the coal tar component such as naphthalene oil, washing oil, eucalyptus oil and diterpenoid oil, preferably using eucalyptus oil and/or washing oil as the liquid fuel medium .
  • the fuel additive may be any suitable fuel additive commonly used in the art for the purpose of making the biomass fluid fuel more dispersible, fluid, stable, oxidation resistant and combustible.
  • it may be a dispersant, a stabilizer, an antioxidant, a pour point depressant and a combustion improver.
  • the dispersant may be sodium lignosulfonate
  • the stabilizer may be a quaternary ammonium salt
  • the antioxidant may be 2, 6- Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
  • the pour point depressant may be a polyacrylate
  • the combustion improver may be an oxycarbonate.
  • the weight of the biomass is 0. 5-2. 0wt%, more preferably 0. 9-1. 5wt°/o 0
  • the biomass feedstock is typically pulverized and sieved to provide a particle size of less than or equal to about 150 microns (about 100 mesh), preferably less than or equal to about 120 microns (about 120 mesh), more preferably less than or equal to about 100.
  • Micron (about 150 mesh) biomass feedstock granules typically pulverized by mechanical equipment such as a crusher or pulverizer, while sieving is carried out using standard sieves to obtain the desired biomass size granules of a particular particle size range.
  • the biomass feedstock is generally dried in advance, for example, by a dryer such as a cyclone, preferably to a water content of less than 15% by weight, more preferably less than 10% by weight. Further preferably less than 5% by weight, thereby facilitating subsequent pulverization and sieving treatment of the biomass feedstock.
  • a dryer such as a cyclone
  • the high speed shear emulsification apparatus for homogenizing the crude mixture may be any suitable high speed shear emulsification apparatus commonly used in the art, such as a colloid mill or a high speed miner, which will The crude mixture of biomass particles and the liquid fuel medium is further shear fractured to be refined and/or emulsified to homogenize.
  • the crude mixture is also typically subjected to a carbonization treatment prior to the conversion to facilitate further fragmentation of the biomass feedstock particles.
  • the biomass raw material particles are deteriorated in toughness due to carbonization and the mechanical strength is lowered, so that it is easy to be further broken into finer particles under the action of shearing force.
  • the carbonization reaction is generally carried out under high-speed stirring conditions, so that the biomass raw material particles in the crude mixture can be further refined to some extent during the carbonization process.
  • biomass oil is also produced during the carbonization reaction, wherein under the action of high-speed stirring and strong convection, the mass transfer and heat transfer processes are strengthened, and the produced biomass oil is dispersed into the crude mixture to become a liquid fuel medium.
  • the solids content of the fluid fuel is further reduced to facilitate further homogenization of the fluid fuel, thereby obtaining a higher quality biomass fluid fuel.
  • the carbonization treatment of the crude mixture is usually carried out under normal pressure and relatively low temperature conditions, and the carbonization reaction time is generally short.
  • the temperature may be 200-300, preferably 215- More preferably, it is from 250 to 280, and the carbonization reaction time may be from 1 to 10 minutes, preferably from 2 to 7 minutes, more preferably from 3 to 5 minutes, and at this time, the biomass can be controlled by controlling the carbonization reaction time as short as possible. Incomplete carbonization occurs to form a semi-coke substance and a part of the biomass oil. Since the toughness of the semi-coke substance has deteriorated and the mechanical strength has been lowered, it has been possible to further break the biomass particles and thereby improve the growth. The purpose of the quality of the material fluid fuel.
  • biomass light components are also produced during the carbonization reaction, and the biomass light components can be collected for use as a chemical raw material or fuel, for example, the biomass light component can be used as a fuel for the carbonization.
  • the process provides heat so that the self-sufficiency of the carbonization process can be at least partially achieved.
  • the crude mixture can be carbonized in any suitable reactor existing in the prior art, but is preferably a reactor type reactor, and more preferably a stainless steel reaction vessel with a stirring paddle.
  • the crude mixture is carbonized in a stainless steel reaction vessel with a stirring paddle under atmospheric pressure, wherein the heating is heated to 215-290 X: under stirring, preferably by heating to 250-280.
  • the stirring blade has a rotational speed of 500 to 1500 rpm, preferably 800 to 1350 rpm, more preferably 1000 to 1200 rpm, and a residence time of the crude mixture in the reaction vessel is 1-10 minutes. , It is preferably 2-7 minutes, more preferably 3-5 minutes.
  • the biomass fluid fuel can utilize a wide range of biomass raw materials, and in particular, can utilize a large amount of biomass waste, so that it can "turn waste into treasure", which is beneficial to the further development of biomass energy, and
  • the preparation process of biomass fluid fuel is relatively simple, and the equipment used is also a common equipment in the prior art. Therefore, it is easy to carry out industrial amplification, can be continuously produced, has good industrialization prospects, and thus provides a good market for the fuel market.
  • Substituting fuels for example, can be used in modern boilers, industrial furnaces, and steam turbines.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a method of preparing a biomass fluid fuel from a biomass feedstock of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of another embodiment of a method of preparing a biomass fluid fuel from a biomass feedstock of the present invention, wherein the carbonization step is further combined on the basis of the embodiment of FIG. detailed description
  • the method of preparing a biomass fluid fuel from a biomass feedstock of the present invention can be carried out as follows:
  • the biomass raw material such as cassava residue is dried in a dryer to a water content of less than 1% by weight, and then coarsely pulverized and finely pulverized by a crusher and a pulverizer, respectively, and sent to a sifter such as a 150-mesh standard sieve through a fan.
  • a sifter such as a 150-mesh standard sieve through a fan.
  • a liquid fuel medium such as eucalyptus oil from a liquid storage tank in a predetermined ratio, for example, 1:3, to form a crude mixture; and
  • the crude mixture is added to a high-speed shear emulsification apparatus such as a colloid mill or a high-speed mincer for homogenization, and a fuel auxiliary such as a dispersant and/or a stabilizer or the like is added thereto, wherein the total content of the fuel additive is
  • the homogeneous mixture obtained after homogenization is a biomass fluid fuel, and the obtained biomass fluid fuel is stored and carried in a storage tank based on the weight of the biomass fluid fuel. transport.
  • the biomass particles obtained by drying and categorizing the biomass raw materials (only the coarse pulverization operation is performed here, because the carbonization step is combined later, so the pulverization requirement is slightly lower) and the liquid fuel medium such as eucalyptus oil, for example, in a prescribed ratio, for example 1: 3
  • the crude mixture is added to a stainless steel reaction vessel with a stirring paddle as a carbonization reactor, which may be a steam jacket often a reaction kettle in which heating is carried out under stirring conditions to, for example, 250 to 280, the rotation speed of the stirring blade is, for example, 1000 to 1300 rpm, and the residence time of the crude mixture in the reaction vessel is, for example, 1 to 5 Minute
  • the reaction mixture taken from the reactor is homogenized and a fuel additive is added to obtain a final biomass fluid fuel, where the carbonization process is obtained.
  • the light matter component can be used to provide heat to the stainless steel reactor, and can be used, in particular, as a fuel for heating the boiler to produce steam for heating the stainless steel reactor, thereby enabling at least partial self-sufficiency in the carbonization process of the present invention.
  • Example 1 Preparation of Biomass Fluid Fuel Using Cassava Dregs
  • the cassava residue is dried to a water content of 8 wty.
  • the cassava residue is crushed by using a pulverizer, crushed, and sieved to obtain 400 g of biomass material particles of 170 mesh (90 ⁇ m) or less; and the biomass raw material particles and the liquid fuel medium eucalyptus oil are 4:
  • the weight ratio of 6 is mixed to form a crude mixture; the crude mixture is added to a colloid mill for homogenization treatment, and a nonionic surfactant is added thereto as a fuel auxiliary agent, and the nonionic surfactant is Jimmy
  • the quaternary ammonium salt 1231 is used herein as a stabilizer in an amount of 10 g, and is homogenized to obtain a biomass fluid fuel.
  • the distiller's residue is dried to a water content of 6wty.
  • the distiller's slag is crushed by using a pulverizer, crushed and sieved to obtain 200 g of biomass feedstock particles of 100 mesh (150 ⁇ m) or less; and the biomass raw material granules and liquid fuel smear : a weight ratio of 1 is mixed to form a crude mixture; the crude mixture is added to a 2 liter autoclaved stainless steel autoclave with a steam jacket, wherein the heating is heated under stirring to, for example, a 250-stirring paddle The speed is 1000 rpm, And the carbonization reaction time is 5 minutes to obtain a reaction mixture; the reaction mixture is homogenized in a colloid mill, and a cationic surfactant is added thereto as a fuel auxiliary agent, and the cationic surfactant is 80, used herein as a stabilizer, added in an amount of 3 grams, and homogenized to obtain a biomass fluid fuel.

Abstract

本发明提供了一种生物质流体燃料,该生物质流体燃料包含分散于液体燃料介质中的生物质原料颗粒和燃料助剂,其中所述生物质原料颗粒的粒度小于或等于约150微米,优选小于或等于约120微米,更优选小于或等于约100微米,所述生物质原料颗粒与所述液体燃料介质的重量比为1:10至1:1,优选为1:7至:1,最优选为1:5至1:1,和所述燃料助剂的总含量基于所述生物质流体燃料重量计为0.5-3.0wt%,优选为0.8-2.0wt%,更优选为0.9-1.5wt%。另外,本发明还提供了制备所述生物质流体燃料的方法。

Description

生物质流体燃料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及对生物质原料、 特别是生物质废弃物的进一步开 发和利用, 具体涉及生物质流体燃料及其制备方法, 其中在所述 制备方法中利用物理和 /或热化学方法将生物质原料颗粒转化为 生物质流体燃料。 背景技术
在我国的产业背景下存在有大量的生物质废弃物, 具体例如 甘蔗渣、 酒糟渣、 木薯渣、 稻草、 麦秆、 豆秆、 棉秆、 玉米秆、 玉米芯、 落叶及木屑等, 这些生物质废弃物中通常含有大量的可 进一步利用的大分子物质如木质素、纤维素、半纤维素和淀粉等。 近年来, 在绿色低碳的大背景下, 对这些生物质废弃物的进一步 开发和利用越来越受到关注。
研究表明, 生物质原料中的大分子物质如木质素、 纤维素、 半纤维素和淀粉等遇热会分解形成生物质油、 炭和可燃性气体, 并且这些产物的比例会随温度、 压力和反应时间而变化。 生物质 热解和生物质碳化就是基于上述原理的热化学反应, 其中可以通 过控制热化学反应的条件来改变所形成的各种产物之间的比例。 因此, 热化学方法是利用生物质原料的一种有效途径。
但单纯的热化学方法还存在一些问题, 例如, 生物质油的生 产成本通常比矿物油高, 而且, 生物质油不能直接用于现有的动 力设备, 这是因为生物质油大多是物理和化学性质均不太稳定的 碳氢化合物, 必须经过改性和 /或精制处理才能应用。
流体燃料是指将可燃性固体在流体介质中研磨细化形成含有 微小固体颗粒的流体,再向其中加入分散剂和 /或稳定剂形成稳定 的均相流体, 常见的例子如水煤浆或油煤浆。 研究表明, 将煤、 石油焦、 生物淤泥等可燃性固体在柴油或水等流体介质中进行研 磨细化处理后可得到流动性良好的流体燃料, 该流体燃料可作为 高效的代油燃料经相应的燃烧器进行燃烧。
基于流体燃料的思想,本发明提出了生物质流体燃料的概念, 这是一种基于生物质原料颗粒的流体燃料,具体通过物理和 /或热 化学方法将生物质原料如生物质废弃物颗粒分散到液体燃料介质 中形成生物质流体燃料。
因此, 本发明的生物质流体燃料具有流体燃料的便于运输、 使用及燃烧效率高等优点, 从而为固体生物质原料如生物质废弃 物的开发和应用提供了新的思路。 发明内容
本发明提供一种生物质流体燃料, 该生物质流体燃料包含分 散于液体燃料介质中的生物质原料颗粒和燃料助剂, 其中所述生 物质原料颗粒的粒度小于或等于约 150微米, 优选小于或等于约 120微米, 更优选小于或等于约 100微米, 所述生物质原料颗粒 与所述液体燃料介质的重量比为 1: 10至 1: 1 ,优选为 1: 7至 1: 1 , 最优选为 1: 5至 1: 1 , 和所述燃料助剂的总含量基于所述生物质 流体燃料重量计为 0. 5-3. 0wt%, 优选为 0. 8- 2. 0wt%, 更优选为 0. 9-1. 5wt%。
本发明还提供制备所述生物质流体燃料的方法, 该方法包括 如下步骤:
粉碎生物质原料并进行筛分, 以获得粒度小于或等于约 150 微米、 优选小于或等于约 120微米、 更优选小于或等于约 100微 米的生物质原料颗粒;
使所述生物质原料颗粒与液体燃料介质混合形成粗混合物, 其中所述生物质原料颗粒与所述液体燃料介质的重量比为 1: 10 至 1: 1 , 优选为 1: 7至 1: 1 , 最优选为 1: 5至 1: 1 ;
使所述粗混合物均化并向其中加入燃料助剂, 其中所述燃料 助剂的总含量基于所述生物质流体燃料重量计为 0. 5-3. 0wt%,优 选为 0. 8-2. 0wt%, 更优选为 0. 9-1. 5wt%,和其中利用高速剪切乳 化设备进行均化, 以获得均相混合物作为生物质流体燃料。
按照本发明, 所述生物质原料一般为生物质废弃物, 具体选 自甘蔗渣、 酒糟渣、 木薯渣、 稻草、 麦秆、 豆秆、 棉秆、 玉米秆、 玉米芯、 落叶及木屑等。 因此, 对于本发明而言, 所述生物质原 料的来源还是很丰富的。
按照本发明,所述液体燃料介质可以为常见的任何合适的液体 燃料, 优选价格比较便宜的不易挥发的液体燃料, 具体可以为不 易挥发的油性液体燃料如重油和煤焦油及重油组分和煤焦油组 分, 其中所述重油组分如重油轻馏分, 所述煤焦油组分如萘油、 洗油、蒽油和二蒽油,优选使用蒽油和 /或洗油作为所述液体燃料 介质。
按照本发明, 所述燃料助剂可以为本领域常用的任何合适的 燃料助剂, 目的是为了使所述生物质流体燃料的分散性、流动性、 稳定性、 抗氧化性及燃烧性更好, 具体可以为分散剂、 稳定剂、 抗氧化剂、 降凝剂和助燃剂, 更具体地, 分散剂可以为木质素磺 酸钠, 稳定剂可以为季铵盐, 抗氧化剂可以为 2, 6-二叔丁基对 甲酚, 降凝剂可以为聚丙烯酸酯, 和助燃剂可以为氧化碳酸酯。 所有这些燃料助剂可以单独或组合使用, 且无论如何使用, 所述 燃料助剂在所述生物质流体燃料中的总含量均如上文所述, 即基 于所述生物质流体燃料重量计为 0. 5-3. Owt% , 优选为 0. 8-2. 0wt%, 更优选为 0. 9-1. 5wt°/o 0
按照本发明, 所述生物质原料一般经粉碎和筛分处理得到粒 度小于或等于约 150微米(约 100目)、 优选小于或等于约 120微 米(约 120目)、 更优选小于或等于约 100微米(约 150目)的生物 质原料颗粒, 粉碎一般通过机械设备如破碎机或粉碎机进行, 而 筛分则利用标准筛进行, 以获得所需要的特定粒度范围的生物质 原料颗粒。
按照本发明, 如果所述生物质原料含水量过大, 则一般预先 干燥所述生物质原料, 例如利用旋风等干燥机进行干燥, 优选干 燥至水含量低于 15wt%,更优选低于 10wt%,进一步优选低于 5wt%, 从而利于所述生物质原料后续的粉碎和筛分处理。
按照本发明, 用于使所述粗混合物均化的高速剪切乳化设备 可以为本领域常用的任何合适的高速剪切乳化设备, 例如可以为 胶体磨或高速绞碎机, 该设备将所述生物质颗粒与所述液体燃料 介质的粗混合物进一步剪切破碎使之细化和 /或乳化,进而使之均 化。
按照本发明, 对于韧性较强的生物质原料例如纤维含量较高 的生物质原料如酒糟渣, 由于这类生物质原料通常不容易机械破 碎到很细的粒度, 因此在使所述粗混合物均化之前一般还使所述 粗混合物经历碳化处理,以利于进一步破碎所述生物质原料颗粒。
具体地, 经碳化处理后, 生物质原料颗粒由于碳化变脆导致 韧性变差和机械强度降低, 从而易于在剪切力作用下进一步破碎 成更细的颗粒。所述碳化反应一般在高速搅摔条件下进行, 因此, 所述粗混合物中的生物质原料颗粒在碳化过程中就可在一定程度 上实现进一步细化。 此外, 碳化反应过程中还产生生物质油, 其中在高速搅拌及 强对流作用下, 强化了传质和传热过程, 所产生的生物质油会分 散到所述粗混合物中成为液体燃料介质, 进一步降低了流体燃料 的固含量, 利于所述流体燃料的进一步均化, 从而可以获得更为 优质的生物质流体燃料。
按照本发明, 所述粗混合物的碳化处理通常在常压和相对低 温条件下在搅摔下进行, 且碳化反应时间一般较短, 具体地, 所 述温度可以为 200- 300 , 优选为 215- 更优选为 250-280 , 所述碳化反应时间可以为 1-10分钟, 优选为 2- 7分 钟, 更优选为 3- 5分钟, 并且此时可以通过控制碳化反应时间尽 可能短, 使生物质发生不完全碳化形成半焦性物质及部分生物质 油, 由于所述半焦性物质的韧性已经变差和机械强度已经降低, 因此, 已经可以实现进一步破碎所述生物质颗粒进而提高所述生 物质流体燃料质量的目的。
按照本发明, 在所述碳化反应过程中还产生一些生物质轻组 分, 可以收集这些生物质轻组分用作化工原料或燃料, 例如该生 物质轻组分可用作燃料为所述碳化过程提供热量, 从而可至少部 分实现所述碳化过程的热量自给。
按照本发明, 所述粗混合物可以在现有技术中已有的任何合 适的反应器中进行碳化, 但优选为反应釜类反应器, 进一步优选 为带有搅拌桨的不锈钢反应釜。
优选地, 按照本发明, 使所述粗混合物在大气压下在带有搅 拌桨的不锈钢反应釜中进行碳化, 其中在搅拌条件下加热升温至 215-290 X: , 优选加热升温至 250- 280 , 搅拌桨的转速为 500-1500转 /分, 优选为 800-1350转 /分, 更优选为 1000-1200 转 /分,和所述粗混合物在所述反应釜内的停留时间为 1-10分钟, 优选为 2-7分钟, 更优选为 3-5分钟。
按照本发明, 所述生物质流体燃料可以利用广泛的生物质原 料, 特别是可以利用大量的生物质废弃物, 这样就可以 "变废为 宝" , 利于生物质能源的进一步发展, 而且所述生物质流体燃料 的制备工艺相对简单,所使用的设备也均为现有技术的常用设备, 因此, 容易进行工业放大, 可连续生产, 具备良好的产业化前景, 进而为燃料市场提供了良好的代选燃料, 例如可用于现代锅炉、 工业窑炉、 和汽轮机等。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的由生物质原料制备生物质流体燃料的方法的 一种实施方案的流程图; 和
图 2为本发明的由生物质原料制备生物质流体燃料的方法的 另一种实施方案的流程图, 其中在图 1的实施方案的基础上进一 步结合了碳化步骤。 具体实施方式
参照图 1 , 本发明的由生物质原料制备生物质流体燃料的方 法可以按照如下过程进行:
在干燥机中将生物质原料如木薯渣干燥至水含量低于 1 Owt%,然后分别经破碎机和粉碎机进行粗粉碎和微粉碎以及经风 机送入筛分器例如 150目的标准筛进行筛分得到粒度小于或等于 约 100微米的生物质原料颗粒;
将所述生物质原料颗粒收集后与来自储液罐的液体燃料介质 例如蒽油按规定比例例如 1: 3在搅拌混合设备内搅拌混合形成粗 混合物; 和 将所述粗混合物加入高速剪切乳化设备如胶体磨或高速绞碎 机中进行均化, 并向其中加入燃料助剂例如分散剂和 /或稳定剂 等, 其中所述燃料助剂的总含量基于所述生物质流体燃料重量计 为 0. 9-1. 5wt%, 均化后获得的均相混合物即为生物质流体燃料, 和所获得的生物质流体燃料在储运罐内储藏和进行运输。
参照图 2 , 其中在图 1 的实施方案的基础上进一步结合了碳 化步骤, 具体地:
其中将干燥和歸分生物质原料获得的生物质颗粒(在此只进 行了粗粉碎操作, 这是由于后面结合了碳化步骤, 因此粉碎要求 略低)与液体燃料介质如蒽油按规定比例例如 1: 3 在搅拌混合设 备内搅拌混合形成粗混合物后, 将所述粗混合物加入作为碳化反 应器的带有搅摔桨的不锈钢反应釜中, 所述反应釜可以为带有蒸 汽夹套的常压反应釜, 其中在搅摔条件下加热升温至例如 250-280 , 搅拌桨的转速为例如 1000- 1300转 /分, 和所述粗混 合物在所述反应釜内的停留时间为例如 1-5分钟;
然后, 如上面针对图 1所述, 使从所述反应釜中采出的反应 混合物进行均化及加入燃料助剂,以获得最终的生物质流体燃料, 在此, 在碳化过程中获得的生物质轻组分可用于为所述不锈钢反 应釜提供热量, 具体可用作加热锅炉的燃料以产生用于加热所述 不锈钢反应釜的蒸汽, 从而可至少部分实现本发明的碳化过程的 热量自给。
通过如下实施例进一步描述本发明的方法, 但所述实施例不 用于限制本发明的范围。 实施例
实施例 1 利用木薯渣制备生物质流体燃料 将木薯渣干燥至水含量为 8wty。以下, 使用粉碎机对所述木薯 渣进行破碎,破碎后进行筛分得到 170目(90微米)以下的生物质 原料颗粒 400克; 将所述生物质原料颗粒与液体燃料介质蒽油按 4: 6 的重量比进行混合形成粗混合物; 将所述粗混合物加入到胶 体磨中进行均化处理, 同时向其中加入非离子型表面活性剂作为 燃料助剂, 所述非离子表面活性剂为吉米奇季铵盐 1231 , 在此作 为稳定剂使用, 加入量为 10克, 均化后得到生物质流体燃料。
所述生物质流体燃料的稳定性测试表明其在 24小时内无分层 和不产生硬沉淀, 进一步的性能测试表明所述生物质流体燃料具 有较高热值及良好流动性, 其性能参数如下表 1所述。 表 1、 实施例 1获得的生物质流体燃料的性能参数
Figure imgf000010_0001
实施例 2利用酒糟渣制备生物质流体燃料
将酒糟渣干燥至水含量为 6wty。以下,使用粉碎机对所述酒糟 渣进行破碎, 破碎后进行筛分得到 100 目 (150微米)以下的生物 质原料颗粒 200克; 将所述生物质原料颗粒与液体燃料介盾蒽油 按 1: 1的重量比进行混合形成粗混合物; 将所述粗混合物加入到 体积为 2升的带有蒸汽夹套的常压不锈钢反应釜中, 其中在搅拌 条件下加热升温至例如 250- 搅拌桨的转速为 1000转 /分, 和碳化反应时间为 5分钟, 以得到反应混合物; 将所述反应混合 物在胶体磨中进行均化处理, 同时向其中加入阳离子型表面活性 剂作为燃料助剂, 所述阳离子表面活性剂为司班 80, 在此作为稳 定剂使用, 加入量为 3克, 均化后得到生物质流体燃料。
所述生物质流体燃料的稳定性测试表明其在 24 小时内无分 层和不产生硬沉淀, 进一步的性能测试表明所述生物质流体燃料 具有较高热值及良好流动性, 其性能参数如下表 2所述。 表 2、 实施例 2获得的生物质流体燃料的性能参数 性能参数 数值
固体颗粒粒度(μΐη) 28
固含量 (wt%) 34. 6
密度(kg/ 1) 1. 24
运动粘度 η (50 °C , 剪切率 1 00 · s"1) MPa · s 860
热值 Q (kca l /kg) 8715
燃烧后灰分量(wt%) 4. 48

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种生物质流体燃料, 该生物质流体燃料包含分散于液体 燃料介质中的生物质原料颗粒和燃料助剂, 其中所述生物质原料 颗粒的粒度小于或等于约 150微米,优选小于或等于约 120微米, 更优选小于或等于约 100微米, 所述生物质原料颗粒与所述液体 燃料介质的重量比为 1: 10至 1: 1 , 优选为 1: 7至 1: 1 , 最优选为 1: 5至 1: 1 ,和所述燃料助剂的总含量基于所述生物质流体燃料重 量计为 0. 5-3. 0wt%, 优选为 0. 8-2. 0wt%, 更优选为 0. 9-1. 5wt%。
2. 权利要求 1的生物质流体燃料, 其中所述生物质原料为选 自甘蔗渣、 酒糟渣、 木薯渣、 稻草、 麦秆、 豆秆、 棉秆、 玉米秆、 玉米芯、 落叶及木屑的生物质废弃物。
3. 权利要求 1或 2的生物质流体燃料, 其中所述液体燃料介 质选自重油和煤焦油及重油组分和煤焦油组分, 优选选自蒽油和 洗油。
4. 权利要求 1-3任一项的生物质流体燃料, 其中所述燃料助 剂选自分散剂、 稳定剂、 抗氧化剂、 降凝剂和助燃剂。
5. 一种制备生物质流体燃料的方法, 该方法包括如下步驟: 粉碎生物质原料并进行筛分, 以获得粒度小于或等于约 150 微米、 优选小于或等于约 120微米、 更优选小于或等于约 100微 米的生物质原料颗粒;
使所述生物质原料颗粒与液体燃料介质混合形成粗混合物, 其中所述生物质原料颗粒与所述液体燃料介质的重量比为 1: 10 至 1: 1 , 优选为 1: 7至 1: 1 , 最优选为 1: 5至 1: 1 ;
使所述粗混合物均化并向其中加入燃料助剂, 其中所述燃料 助剂的总含量基于所述生物质流体燃料重量计为 0. 5-3. 0wt%,优 选为 0. 8-2. Owt%, 更优选为 0. 9-1. 5wt%,和其中利用高速剪切乳 化设备进行均化, 以获得均相混合物作为生物质流体燃料。
6. 权利要求 5的方法, 其中所述生物质原料为选自甘蔗渣、 酒糟渣、 木薯渣、 稻草、 麦秆、 豆秆、 棉秆、 玉米秆、 玉米芯、 落叶及木屑的生物质废弃物。
7. 权利要求 5或 6的方法, 其中所述液体燃料介质选自重油 和煤焦油及重油组分和煤焦油组分, 优选选自蒽油和洗油。
8. 权利要求 5-7任一项的方法, 其中所述燃料助剂选自分散 剂、 稳定剂、 抗氧化剂、 降凝剂和助燃剂。
9. 权利要求 5-8任一项的方法, 其中在粉碎和筛分之前将所 述生物质原料预先干燥至水含量低于 15wt%,优选低于 10wt%, 更 优选低于 5wt%。
10. 权利要求 5-9 任一项的方法, 其中用于使所述粗混合物 均化的高速剪切乳化设备选自胶体磨和高速绞碎机。
11. 权利要求 5-10任一项的方法, 对于纤维含量较高的生物 质原料, 其中还包括在使所述粗混合物均化之前使所述粗混合物 在大气压下在带有搅拌桨的不锈钢反应釜中进行碳化的步骤, 其 中在搅拌条件下加热升温至 215-290 *€ , 优选加热升温至 250- 280 ,和搅拌桨的转速为 500- 1500转 /分,优选为 800-1350 转 /分, 更优选为 1000- 1200转 /分。
12. 权利要求 11的方法, 其中所述粗混合物在所述反应釜内 的停留时间为 1-10分钟, 优选为 2-7分钟, 更优选为 3-5分钟。
13. 权利要求 12的方法, 还包括收集碳化过程中产生的生物 质轻组分, 该生物质轻组分用作燃料为所述碳化过程提供热量。
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