WO2012155344A1 - 具有碘吸附能力的纤维及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

具有碘吸附能力的纤维及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012155344A1
WO2012155344A1 PCT/CN2011/074233 CN2011074233W WO2012155344A1 WO 2012155344 A1 WO2012155344 A1 WO 2012155344A1 CN 2011074233 W CN2011074233 W CN 2011074233W WO 2012155344 A1 WO2012155344 A1 WO 2012155344A1
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Prior art keywords
weight
fiber
silver
parts
iodine
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PCT/CN2011/074233
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董良杰
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河南天源环保高科股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/074233 priority Critical patent/WO2012155344A1/zh
Publication of WO2012155344A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012155344A1/zh

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/68—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
    • D06M11/70—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with oxides of phosphorus; with hypophosphorous, phosphorous or phosphoric acids or their salts
    • D06M11/71—Salts of phosphoric acids
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fiber having iodine adsorption ability, and to a process for preparing the fiber having iodine adsorption ability and its use in an iodine adsorption article. Background technique
  • Radioactive iodine is a substance harmful to the human body, mainly manifested by damage of the sputum gland, so the removal of radioactive iodine in the environment has attracted much attention.
  • Nuclear reactors, cobalt radiation breeding and medical radiation, industrial radioactive sources are prone to produce radioactive iodine isotopes: iodine-131, iodine-125, iodine-129, etc. These decay products tend to stay in the air, in the water, or stay on the table top, crop surface, etc. through dust particles in the air.
  • Radioactive iodine in the air easily enters the lungs through the nose and mouth, and radioactive iodine remaining on the surface of fruits and vegetables may also enter the human body through food, thereby jeopardizing people's health.
  • the current research mainly focuses on the industrial adsorption of radioactive iodine, and the existing iodine adsorption materials and sanitary protection materials in civilian use are mainly three types: activated carbon fiber materials, ion exchange resins and synthetic materials, etc.
  • Adsorption medium for the adsorption of radioactive iodine in air and water is complicated and costly, and a large amount of pollution and related derivatives are generated in the synthesis and production processes.
  • Existing iodine absorbing materials are generally used in environments with high iodine activity and concentration, and are not suitable for protection and removal of low concentration of radioactive iodine. Summary of the invention
  • the inventors have made the present invention in order to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art iodine adsorbing material manufacturing process, complicated manufacturing cost, serious environmental pollution, and low adsorption capacity.
  • the present invention provides a fiber having iodine adsorption capacity, which is immobilized with silver and/or silver ions, preferably at least partially silver or silver ions, so as to be in contact with radioactive radiation in the environment.
  • the silver or silver ions may be immobilized on the fibers by complexation and/or inlaying.
  • the fiber may be a natural fiber Or a chemical fiber, the natural fiber is preferably a plant fiber, and particularly preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of wood pulp fibers, bamboo fibers, and cotton fibers.
  • the chemical fiber is, for example, a synthetic PP cotton fiber.
  • the "mounting method" in the present invention means that silver or silver ions are fixed inside or on the surface due to steric hindrance.
  • the present invention also provides a method of preparing the above-described fiber having iodine adsorption ability, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the slurry contains 85 to 99 parts by weight, preferably 90 to 99 parts by weight, particularly preferably 98.5 parts by weight; and 0.2 to 1.5 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1 part by weight, of the organic acid, particularly preferably 0.7 parts by weight; 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 0.22 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.2 parts by weight, the organic acid is preferably acetic acid, the dispersion medium is preferably kaolin, particularly preferably having a particle diameter of not more than 8 ⁇ m. Kaolin
  • the slurry prepared in the step (1) is maintained at 150 to 200 ° C for 15 to 50 minutes at 150 to 200 ° C, and then dried to obtain a fiber-dried body, which is preferably in the form of a sheet. And preferably 8% to 12% by weight;
  • the step (3) sequentially spraying the fiber dried body obtained by the step (2) with a silver powder dispersion and/or a silver ion-containing solution and a leavening agent, and drying, preferably drying to a water content of 5% to 8%, and the silver powder is preferably granules.
  • the diameter is less than 5 microns
  • the leavening agent is, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of tartrate, tartar, calcium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate and organic fatty acids.
  • the fiber in the above step (1) may also be a natural fiber or a chemical fiber, and the natural fiber is preferably a plant fiber, and particularly preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of wood pulp fibers, bamboo fibers, and cotton fibers.
  • the chemical fiber is, for example, a synthetic PP cotton fiber.
  • the inventors have also found that by adding kaolin in step (1), the fibers can have interlayer charges, thereby enabling uniform distribution of the silver or silver ions, and accelerating the adsorption of the silver or silver ions. speed.
  • the fiber is denatured by maintaining the fiber at 150 to 200 ° C for 15 to 50 minutes at 10 to 15 atmospheres, thereby realizing efficient adsorption and fixation of silver or silver ions, and adsorption.
  • the fixing rate is 80% or more; and the fiber which has not been subjected to high temperature and high pressure treatment has adsorption of silver or silver ions of only about 20%, and the fixing rate is less than 10%.
  • it can be kept at 120 ⁇ 50 °C for 0.5 ⁇ 10 seconds during the drying operation. If the drying temperature is higher than 150 °C, silver ions may be oxidized and lose activity, and when the drying temperature is lower than 120 °C, it is possible to lower the drying efficiency.
  • the silver powder dispersion or the silver ion-containing solution may be sprayed separately or in combination.
  • the silver ion-containing solution is, for example, an acidic silver sulfate or silver nitrate solution.
  • the leavening agent is sprayed at least three seconds after spraying the silver powder dispersion or the silver ion-containing solution.
  • the spraying amount of silver or silver ions is preferably about 0.2% to 0.3% by weight of the fiber, and the spraying amount of the bulking agent is preferably fiber weight. 0.15% ⁇ 0.3%.
  • the inventors have found that in the case where no leavening agent is used, although the fiber can also adsorb silver or silver ions, its adsorption ability to radioactive iodine is not strong, and the present invention using a leavening agent is used.
  • the prepared article has enhanced adsorption capacity for radioactive iodine, which is presumably due to the bulking of the fiber by the leavening agent and the increase of the distance between the fiber and the fiber, thereby facilitating the exposure of silver or silver ions to the environment, thereby facilitating the exposure of the silver or silver ions to the environment.
  • the silver or silver ions adsorb radioactive iodine.
  • the present invention provides an iodine adsorption article prepared from the above-mentioned iodine-adsorbing fiber, which further comprises a dispersion medium and a leavening agent, the dispersion medium being preferably kaolin, particularly preferably a kaolin having a particle diameter of not more than 8 ⁇ m.
  • the leavening agent is, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of tartrate, tata powder, calcium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, and organic fatty acid.
  • the ruthenium adsorption product contains 85 to 99 parts by weight, preferably 98.5 parts by weight; 0.2 to 1.5 parts by weight, preferably 0.7 parts by weight of the organic acid; 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 parts by weight of the dispersion medium; silver or silver ions are fibers Weight 0.2% ⁇ 0.3%; the leavening agent is 0.15% ⁇ 0.3% of the weight of the fiber.
  • the articles are, for example, an absorbent paper towel, an iodine adsorption face towel, an iodine adsorption mask, an iodine adsorption towel, an iodine adsorption mask, an iodine adsorption packaging material, and the like.
  • the use of the iodine-adsorbing fiber of the present invention for preparing an iodine adsorption article can simplify the process, reduce the cost, enhance the adsorption capacity for radioactive iodine, and reduce environmental pollution.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following specific examples, but the invention is not limited to the following examples.
  • the "parts” means “parts by weight”, and the parts by weight of the fibers are on a dry matter basis.
  • the slurry was placed in a hot pressure vessel and maintained at a pressure of 12 atm and a temperature of 200 ° C for 15 minutes. Then, after depressurizing and cooling to room temperature, it was taken out for use.
  • the slurry taken out from the hot pressure vessel was placed in a drying cylinder, kept at a constant temperature of 130 ° C for 5 seconds, and then paper was produced by a paper machine.
  • the prepared paper was dehydrated to a water content of about 10%.
  • the paper prepared above was placed on a drum of a paper machine, and a 25 ppm silver sulfate solution was sprayed until the amount of silver ions was about 0.25% by weight of the wood pulp fibers. Then, a 5 ppm sodium tartrate solution was sprayed until the amount of sodium tartrate was about 0.2% of the wood pulp fiber. Once again, it was dried in a cylinder to a moisture content of 6%, and a paper containing silver ions was obtained.
  • the slurry was placed in a hot pressure vessel and maintained at a pressure of 10 atm and a temperature of 180 ° C for 30 minutes. Then, after depressurizing and cooling to room temperature, it was taken out for use.
  • the slurry taken out from the hot pressure vessel was placed in a drying cylinder, kept at a constant temperature of 120 ° C for 10 seconds, and then paper was produced by a paper machine.
  • the prepared paper was dehydrated to a moisture content of about 10%.
  • the paper prepared above was placed on a drum of a paper machine, and a 25 ppm silver sulfate solution was sprayed until the amount of silver ions was about 0.2% by weight of the bamboo fibers. Then, a 5 ppm sodium tartrate solution was sprayed until the amount of sodium tartrate was about 0.15% of the bamboo fiber. It was again dried in a drying cylinder to a moisture content of about 6% to obtain a paper containing silver ions.
  • the slurry was placed in a hot pressure vessel and maintained at a pressure of 15 atm and a temperature of 150 ° C for 20 minutes. Then, after depressurizing and cooling to room temperature, it was taken out for use.
  • the slurry taken out from the hot pressure vessel was placed in a drying cylinder, kept at a constant temperature of 130 ° C for 5 seconds, and then paper was produced by a paper machine.
  • the prepared paper was dehydrated to a water content of about 10%.
  • the paper prepared above was placed on a drum of a paper machine, and a 25 ppm silver sulfate solution was sprayed until the amount of silver ions was about 0.3% by weight of the cotton fibers. Then, a 5 ppm sodium tartrate solution was sprayed until the amount of sodium tartrate was about 0.3% of the cotton fiber. It was again dried in a drying cylinder to a moisture content of 6% to obtain a paper containing silver ions.
  • Wood pulp fiber paper, bamboo pulp fiber paper, and bamboo fiber towel reduced the iodide ion concentration by 10.1%, 7.9%, and 13%, respectively. It is speculated that silver or silver ions may be mainly present inside the fiber or have low activity, resulting in low adsorption capacity for iodide ions.
  • the surface of the obtained paper towel was bulky, and micropores having a pore diameter of about 0.15 mm were observed under a microscope, about 3 / cm 2 . In addition, it takes at least 45 minutes to achieve a silver ion fixation rate of 50%.
  • the fiber obtained by the production method of the present invention has a high silver fixing ratio and an iodine-131 adsorption ability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Description

本发明涉及一种具有碘吸附能力的纤维， 本发明还涉及所述具有碘吸附 能力的纤维的制备方法及其在碘吸附用品中的应用。 背景技术
放射性碘是一种对人体有害的物质， 主要表现为曱状腺损伤， 因此除去 环境中的放射性碘备受人们关注。 核反应堆、 钴辐射育种和医疗放射、 工业 放射源容易产生放射性碘同位素： 碘 -131、 碘 -125、 碘 -129等。 这些衰变产 物容易停留在空气、 水中或者通过空气中的粉尘颗粒停留在桌面、 农作物表 面等。 空气中的放射性碘容易通过口鼻呼吸进入肺部， 停留在水果蔬菜表面 的放射性碘也有可能通过食物进入人体， 从而对人们的身体健康造成危害。
但是， 目前的研究主要集中在放射性碘的工业化吸附方面， 而在民用方 现有的碘吸附材料和卫生保护材料主要为三类： 活性炭纤维材料、 离子 交换树脂和人工合成材料等比表面积大的吸附介质， 用于吸附空气和水中的 放射性碘类物质。 但是， 活性炭纤维等的制作复杂， 成本高昂， 合成和生产 过程中产生大量的污染和相关衍生物。 现有的碘吸附材料一般用于碘放射性 活度和浓度高的环境， 而不适用于放射性碘浓度低的防护和去除。 发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的碘吸附材料制作工艺复杂， 制作成本高、 环 境污染严重和吸附能力低等缺陷， 发明人作出本发明。
本发明提供一种具有碘吸附能力的纤维， 其固定有银和 /或银离子， 优选 至少部分银或银离子棵露， 以便能与环境中的放射性破接触。 所述银或银离 子可以通过络合和 /或镶嵌方式固定在所述纤维上。 所述纤维可以是天然纤维 或化学纤维， 所述天然纤维优选为植物纤维， 特别优选为选自木浆纤维、 竹 纤维和棉纤维中的一种或几种。 所述化学纤维例如为人工合成的 PP棉纤维。
本发明中的 "镶嵌方式" 是指， 银或银离子因空间位阻而被固定在纤维 内部或表面。
本发明还提供一种制备上述具有碘吸附能力的纤维的方法， 该方法包括 如下步骤：
( 1 ) 打浆， 得浆液， 所述浆液中含有纤维 85~99 重量份， 优选 90〜99 重量份， 特别优选 98.5重量份； 有机酸 0.2~1.5重量份， 优选 0.5〜1重量份， 特别优选 0.7重量份； 分散介质 0.1-15重量份， 优选 0.2 2重量份， 特别优选 0.2重量份， 所述有机酸优选为水醋酸， 所述分散介质优选为高岭土， 特别优 选粒径不超过 8微米的高岭土；
( 2 ) 将步骤（ 1 )制得的浆液在 10 15个大气压下， 于 150 200 °C保持 15〜50分钟， 然后经烘干， 得纤维烘干体， 所述烘干体优选为片状， 并优选含 水 8%~12%；
( 3 ) 对步骤（ 2 )所得的纤维烘干体依次喷洒银粉分散体和 /或含银离子 的溶液及膨松剂， 烘干， 优选烘千至含水 5%~8%, 所述银粉优选粒径小于 5 微米， 所述膨松剂例如为选自酒石酸盐、 塔塔粉（tartar ) 、 磷酸钙、 焦磷酸 钠和有机脂肪酸中的一种或几种。
在上述步骤（ 1 )中， 优选在 30~40°C的条件下使用软水或去离子水打浆， 并且优选所得浆液中水含量为纤维用量的 60%〜90% , 进一步优选为 70%~85%， 特别优选纤维重量： 水重量 =1.2: 1。 如果纤维含量低于 85 重量 份， 则导致纸浆难以成型， 而大于 99重量份时， 导致其他添加剂难以均匀分 散。 有机酸含量大于 1.5重量份时有可能导致纸面出现黑斑， 使白度降低 5% 以上， 而小于 0.2重量份时， 则改性效果不彻底， 难以充分附着银或银离子。
上述步骤（1 ) 中的纤维同样可以是天然纤维或化学纤维， 所述天然纤维 优选为植物纤维， 特别优选为选自木浆纤维、 竹纤维和棉纤维中的一种或几 种。 所述化学纤维例如为人工合成的 PP棉纤维。 另外， 发明人还发现， 通过在步骤（1 ) 中加入高岭土， 可以使纤维具有 层间电荷， 从而能够实现所述银或银离子的均勾分布， 并可加快所述银或银 离子的吸附速度。
在上述步骤（2 )中， 通过在 10~15个大气压下， 于 150~200 °C保持 15 50 分钟， 使所述纤维发生变性， 从而实现了对银或银离子的有效吸附和固定， 吸附固定率为 80%以上； 而未经过高温高压处理的纤维对银或银离子的吸附 仅为 20%左右，固定率小于 10%。另外，在进行烘干操作时，可以在 120~ 50 °C 条件下保持 0.5~10秒。 如果烘干温度高于 150°C， 则银离子有可能被氧化而 失去活性， 而当烘干温度低于 120°C时， 则有可能降低烘干效率。
在上述步骤（3 ) 中， 可以单独喷洒银粉分散体或含银离子的溶液， 也可 以将二者混合喷洒。 所述含银离子的溶液例如为酸性硫酸银或硝酸银溶液。 在该步骤中， 优选在 60~100psi, 特别优选在 80psi的条件下喷洒银粉分散体 和 /或含银离子的溶液。 并且优选在喷洒银粉分散体或含银离子的溶液后至少 三秒钟以后喷洒膨松剂。 如果少于三秒钟， 则有可能降低银或银离子的附着 率， 银或银离子的喷洒量优选为纤维重量的 0.2%~0.3%左右， 所述膨松剂的 喷洒量优选为纤维重量的 0.15%~0.3%左右。
发明人发现， 在未使用膨松剂的情况下， 虽然纤维也可以实现对银或银 离子的吸附， 但是， 其对放射性碘的吸附能力不强， 而在使用了膨松剂的本 发明所制备的用品对放射性碘的吸附能力增强， 推测是由于膨松剂对纤维进 行膨松化， 同时增大纤维与纤维之间的距离， 从而有利于银或银离子暴露于 环境中， 进而有利于所述银或银离子吸附放射性碘。
另外， 本发明还提供由上述具有碘吸附能力的纤维制备的碘吸附用品， 该用品中还含有分散介质和膨松剂， 所述分散介质优选为高岭土， 特别优选 粒径不超过 8微米的高岭土， 所述膨松剂例如为选自酒石酸盐、 塔塔粉、 磷 酸钙、 焦磷酸钠和有机脂肪酸中的一种或几种。 优选砩吸附用品中含有纤维 85-99重量份， 优选 98.5重量份； 有机酸 0.2~1.5重量份， 优选 0.7重量份； 分散介质 0.1〜15 重量份， 优选 0.2 重量份； 银或银离子为纤维重量的 0.2%~0.3%； 膨松剂为纤维重量的 0.15%~0.3%。 所述用品例如为埃吸附纸巾， 碘吸附面巾、 碘吸附口罩、 碘吸附毛巾、 碘吸附面罩、 碘吸附包装材料等。
利用本发明的具有碘吸附能力的纤维制备碘吸附用品， 能够简化工艺， 降低成本， 同时增强对放射性碘的吸附能力， 并且减少对环境的污染。 具体实施方式
下面列举具体实施例对本发明进行说明， 但本发明并不限于下述实施例。 在下述实施例中， 所述 "份" 表示 "重量份" ， 并且纤维的重量份以干物质 计。
实施例 1
将木浆纤维 98.5份、优级纯水醋酸 0.7份、粒径为 5微米的高岭土 0.2份 加入到打浆机中， 再向其中加入以质量比计木浆纤维： 去离子水 =1.2: 1的去 离子水， 在 30~40 °C下搅拌 2小时， 制备得到糊状浆液。
将浆液放入热压力容器中， 在压力为 12个大气压、 温度为 200 °C的条件 下保持 15分钟。 然后降压并冷却至室温后， 取出备用。
将从热压力容器中取出的浆液置于烘缸中， 在 130 °C下恒温保持 5秒， 然 后利用造纸机进行制纸。 将所制备的纸脱水至含水量约为 10%。
将上述制得的纸置于造纸机的滚筒上， 喷洒 25ppm硫酸银溶液， 至银离 子量为木浆纤维重量的 0.25%左右。 然后， 再喷洒 5ppm酒石酸钠溶液， 至酒 石酸钠的量为木浆纤维的 0.2%左右。 再次进入供缸中烘干至含水率为 6%, 得 到含有银离子的纸。
实施例 2
将竹纤维 90份、 优级纯水醋酸 0.5份、 粒径为 5微米的高岭土 0.2份加 入到打浆机中， 再向其中加入重量为竹纤维重量的 70%的去离子水， 在 30-40 °C下搅拌 2小时， 制备得到糊状浆液。
将浆液放入热压力容器中， 在压力为 10个大气压、 温度为 180 °C的条件 下保持 30分钟。 然后降压并冷却至室温后， 取出备用。 将从热压力容器中取出的浆液置于烘缸中，在 120°C下恒温保持 10秒钟， 然后利用造纸机进行制纸。 将所制备的纸脱水至含水量约为 10%。
将上述制得的纸置于造纸机的滚筒上， 喷洒 25ppm硫酸银溶液， 至银离 子量为竹纤维重量的 0.2%左右。 然后， 再喷洒 5ppm酒石酸钠溶液， 至酒石酸 钠的量为竹纤维的 0.15%左右。 再次进入烘缸中烘干至含水率约为 6%， 得到 含有银离子的纸。
实施例 3
将棉纤维 87份、 优级纯水醋酸 0.5份、 粒径为 5微米的高岭土 0.2份加 入到打浆机中， 再向其中加入重量为棉纤维重量的 60%的去离子水， 在 30〜40°C下搅拌 2小时， 制备得到糊状浆液。
将浆液放入热压力容器中， 在压力为 15个大气压、 温度为 150°C的条件 下保持 20分钟。 然后降压并冷却至室温后， 取出备用。
将从热压力容器中取出的浆液置于烘缸中， 在 130°C下恒温保持 5秒， 然 后利用造纸机进行制纸。 将所制备的纸脱水至含水量约为 10%。
将上述制得的纸置于造纸机的滚筒上， 喷洒 25ppm硫酸银溶液， 至银离 子量为棉纤维重量的 0.3%左右。 然后， 再喷洒 5ppm酒石酸钠溶液， 至酒石酸 钠的量为棉纤维的 0.3%左右。 再次进入烘缸中烘干至含水率为 6%, 得到含有 银离子的纸。
比较例 1 未经高温高压处理的制备方法
分别准备 6克面积为 25cmx20cm的木浆纤维纸、 竹浆纤维纸、 竹纤维巾 各 20张， 然后分别在其上喷洒 2ppm水醋酸水溶液 5ml， 烘干后取出， 再喷 洒含有 0.1克银粉的分散体和 3ppm的硫酸银 10毫升。 于 105 °C下烘干 24小 时后取出， 放入含有 500ml蒸馏水的烧杯中， 搅拌 30分钟。 测定银离子的固 定率。 结果见表 1。
在喷洒水醋酸后在压力为 12个大气压、温度为 180 °C的条件下保持 15分 钟， 然后进行烘干， 除此以外， 与上述相同操作， 所得木浆纤维纸、 竹浆纤 维纸、 竹纤维巾的银离子固定率见表 1。 表 1
Figure imgf000007_0001
比较例 2 未添加膨松剂的制备方法
利用 1000倍显微镜对比较例 1中经高温高压制备的木浆纤维纸、 竹浆纤 维纸、 竹纤维巾进行观察时， 发现表面仅存在部分银或银离子， 表面平整， 纤维内卷曲。 使上述纤维纸或纤维巾饱和吸水后， 悬吊在 2.1240ppm碘化钾 溶液的液体上， 并使其三分之一长度漂浮于液面。 吸附 3 分钟， 测定残留液 体的碘离子浓度。 木浆纤维纸、 竹浆纤维纸、 竹纤维巾使碘离子浓度分别降 低 10.1%、 7.9%和 13%。 推测银或银离子可能主要存在于纤维内部或者活性 较低， 从而导致对碘离子的吸附能力低。
将上述处理的纸巾再次烘干后，发现纸巾卷曲收缩，并存在直径为 0.2~0.4 mm的斑点， 推测可能是由于银或银离子聚集所致。
在喷洒银粉分散体和含银离子的溶液后喷洒二次 5ppm 酒石酸钠溶液 25ml, 并且进行二次烘干， 除此以外， 与上述相同操作。 木浆纤维纸、 竹浆 纤维纸、 竹纤维巾使換离子浓度分别降低 40.1%、 37.9%和 63%。
比较例 3 未加高岭土的制备方法
混合纯木浆板（或竹浆板、 棉纤维） 98.7份、 优级纯冰醋酸 0.7份， 进行 如上所述的高温高压处理后，冷却至室温，然后加入 5ppm酒石酸钠溶液 25ml, 搅拌 30分钟， 静置定型。 然后加入到 lOppm的硫酸银溶液中， 浸泡 30分钟。 取出纤维， 制作每平方米 18〜20克的纸巾， 烘干成型。
所得纸巾表面膨松， 显微镜下观察， 可观察到孔径约 0.15mm的微孔， 约 3个 /cm2。 另外， 达到 50%的银离子固定率至少需要 45分钟。
除了在静置定型前添加相对于纤维重量的 0.2%的高岭土以外， 与上述操 作相同。 结果发现所得纸巾微孔量明显减少， 约为 0.2个 /cm2, 并且达到 50% 的银离子固定率仅需要 27分钟。 对实施例与比较例中制备得到的纸的性能参数进行评价， 结果见表 2。 需 要说明的是， 下述表格中普通纸及比较例 1~3 中的样品均为木浆纤维制备得 到的纸样品。
表 2
Figure imgf000008_0001
由表 2 可知， 利用本发明的制备方法得到的纤维具有较高的银固定率和 碘 -131吸附能力。
显然， 本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本 发明的构思和范围。 这样， 倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要 求及其等同技术的范围之内， 则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种具有碘吸附能力的纤维， 其特征在于， 所述纤维固定有银和 /或银 离子， 优选至少部分所述银或银离子棵露。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的具有碘吸附能力的纤维， 其特征在于， 所述银 或银离子是以络合和 /或镶嵌方式固定在所述纤维上。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的具有碘吸附能力的纤维， 其特征在于， 所述纤 维是植物纤维， 优选为选自木浆纤维、 竹纤维和棉纤维中的一种或几种。
4、 具有砩吸附能力的纤维的制备方法， 其特征在于， 包括如下步骤：
( 1 ) 打浆， 得浆液， 所述浆液中含有纤维 85〜99重量份， 优选 98.5重量 份； 有机酸 0.2~1.5重量份， 优选 0.7重量份； 分散介质 0.1-15重量份， 优选 0.2 重量份， 所述有机酸优选为水醋酸， 所述分散介质优选为高岭土， 特别优 选粒径不超过 8微米的高岭土；
( 2 ) 将步骤（1 )制得的浆液在 10 15个大气压下， 于 150〜200°C保持 15-50 分钟， 经烘干， 得纤维烘干体， 所述烘干体优选为片状， 并优选含水 8%~12%；
( 3 ) 对步骤 （2 ) 所得的纤维烘千体依次喷洒银粉分散体和 /或含银离子 的溶液及膨松剂， 烘千， 优选烘干至含水 5%〜8%, 所述银粉优选粒径小于 5 微米， 所述膨松剂例如为选自酒石酸盐、 塔塔粉、 嶙酸弓、 焦磷酸钠和有机脂 肪酸中的一种或几种。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤（ 3 )中，在 60〜： lOOpsi, 优选 80psi的条件下喷洒银粉分散体和 /或含银离子的溶液。
6、 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述纤维是植物纤维， 优选为选自木浆纤维、 竹纤维和棉纤维中的一种或几种。
7、 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的方法， 其特征在于， 步骤 （ 1 )在 30〜40°C 条件下进行。
8、 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的方法， 其特征在于， 步骤（2 ) 中所述烘干 是通过在 120~150°C条件下保持 0.5~10秒而进行的。
9、 由权利要求 1〜3 中任一项所述的具有碘吸附能力的纤维制备的碘吸附 用品， 其特征在于， 所述用品中还含有分散介质和膨松剂， 所述分散介质优选 为高冷土， 所述膨松剂例如为选自酒石酸盐、 塔塔粉、 磷酸麪、 焦磷酸钠和有 机脂肪酸中的一种或几种。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的碘吸附用品， 其特征在于， 含有纤维 85〜99重 量份， 优选 98.5重量份； 有机酸 0.2 1.5重量份， 优选 0.7重量份； 分散介质 0.1~15重量份， 优选 0.2重量份； 银或银离子为纤维重量的 0.2%~0.3%； 膨松 剂为纤维重量的 0.15%〜0.3%。
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