WO2012152128A1 - 一种切换方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种切换方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012152128A1
WO2012152128A1 PCT/CN2012/072661 CN2012072661W WO2012152128A1 WO 2012152128 A1 WO2012152128 A1 WO 2012152128A1 CN 2012072661 W CN2012072661 W CN 2012072661W WO 2012152128 A1 WO2012152128 A1 WO 2012152128A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pdsn
terminal
target
downlink data
data
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/072661
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毕以峰
周娜
骆文
张世伟
符涛
Original Assignee
中兴通讯股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority claimed from CN201110119089.XA external-priority patent/CN102781039B/zh
Application filed by 中兴通讯股份有限公司 filed Critical 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Publication of WO2012152128A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012152128A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/12Reselecting a serving backbone network switching or routing node

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mobile communication technologies, and in particular, to a handover method and system.
  • the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) Code Division Multiple-Access is mainly composed of a Radio Access Network (RAN).
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • PDSN Packet Data Serving Node
  • RADIUS Server Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
  • the PDSN is responsible for the management and operation of the control plane and user plane.
  • the PDSN On the control plane, the PDSN is responsible for the mobility management of the terminal and the management of the user context.
  • the PDSN On the user plane, the PDSN is an access gateway device connected to the RAN, and is a CDMA system and a packet data network (Packet Data Network, PDN for short).
  • the border gateway is responsible for functions such as access to packet data networks (including the Internet or carrier enterprise networks).
  • the connection of the terminal to the packet data network through the CDMA system is called an IP connection, and the PDSN assigns an IP address to the connection of the terminal, and the terminal exchanges data with the external packet network through the IP address.
  • An important feature of a CDMA system as a mobile network is to maintain continuity of service while the terminal is continuously moving.
  • this continuity is ensured by the mobility management function of the system handover, mainly including handover (Handover/Handoff), routing area update, and the like.
  • Mobility management is to ensure the continuity of the terminal service.
  • the terminal and the communication peer of the terminal are not aware of the change of the location of the terminal at the IP level. To put it simply, it means that the terminal keeps the effective IP address of the terminal from changing during the process of moving.
  • the terminal may change the currently connected PDSN, and the following content is described for this scenario.
  • the PDSN currently connected to the terminal is changed:
  • the source RAN and the target RAN are connected to different PDSNs.
  • the target PDSN establishes a connection with the source PDSN to forward the user data through the PP interface (the interface between the source PDSN and the target PDSN).
  • the uplink and downlink data transmission paths of the terminal are: terminal, source/source RAN, source/source/serving PDSN; and after the change, the uplink and downlink data transmission path of the terminal
  • terminal, target/target RAN, target/tar get PDSN, source/source/serving PDSN (as shown by the dotted data line in Figure 2). It can be seen that after the terminal moves to the target PDSN, the uplink and downlink data of the terminal need to pass through the original PDSN.
  • Step S301 The MS/AT (Mobile Station/Access Terminal, terminal device, also called mobile station or access terminal) moves.
  • the terminal and the source RAN (S-RAN) perform signaling interaction, and the S-RAN decides to initiate the handover.
  • S-RAN source RAN
  • the transmission path of the uplink and downlink data packet is: terminal ⁇ r S-RAN ⁇ -PD SN ⁇ external packet data network.
  • Step S302 The S-RAN sends an A16 session transmission request message to the T-RAN, and the T-RAN responds to the S-RAN with a session transmission response message.
  • Step S303 The T-RAN sends an Al 1-RRQ (Registration Request) message to the target PDSN (T-PDSN) to request to establish an A10 connection.
  • Al 1-RRQ Registration Request
  • the RRQ in this step is also called the first RRQ of the Al 1 interface.
  • Step S304 The T-PDSN sends an RRQ message of the P-P interface to the S-PDSN, requesting to establish a P-P connection, and the P-P connection is used for data forwarding.
  • the RRQ in this step is also called the first RRQ of the P-P interface.
  • the message carries an S bit, and the position "" is used to indicate that the S-PDSN receives the indication and then transmits the dual data (downstream).
  • the dual-issue data means that the S-PDSN simultaneously sends the same data (downlink) to the S-RAN and the T-PDSN to ensure that the data can reach the terminal from at least one side of the source side or the target side to ensure data.
  • the package is not lost.
  • the S-PDSN after receiving the downlink data, the S-PDSN sends it to the S-RAN side and The T-PDSN side is then transmitted to the terminal by both sides.
  • the terminal may not already reside on one side, but it can be guaranteed that the terminal must have a connection on one or both sides, so that the terminal can receive the downlink data packet.
  • the terminal can select the side where the connection exists (or the source side or the target side) to send the data packet, so that the data can be sent to the packet data network.
  • Step S305 The S-PDSN sends an RRP (Registration Response) of the P-P interface to the T-PDSN as a response to the request message.
  • RRP Registration Response
  • Step S306. The T-PDSN sends an A11-RRP message to the T-RAN as a response to the A11-RRQ message.
  • Step S307 After receiving the response message of the T-RAN response in step S302, the S-RAN passes the timer, and after the timer expires, the S-RAN sends an A16 session transmission complete message to the T-RAN.
  • Step S308. The terminal completely switches to the target side.
  • Step S309 The T-RAN sends an Al 1 -RRQ message to the T-PDSN, where the message carries the S bit and the S position is zero.
  • the RRQ in this step is also called the second RRQ of the Al l interface.
  • Step S310 The T-PDSN sends an RRQ message of the P-P interface to the S-PDSN, where the parameters in the A11-RRQ message are copied, including the S bit of zero.
  • the RRQ in this step is also called the second RRQ of the P-P interface.
  • the zeroed S bit indicates that the S-PDSN has stopped dual transmission. So far, as shown by the dotted line in Figure 3, the user uplink and downlink data path is: packet data network ⁇ S-PDSN ⁇ T-PDSN ⁇ T-RAN ⁇ terminal.
  • the data packet is sent through the above path, that is, the S-PDSN needs to be used as the data anchor to forward the data, so the data transmission is directly compared with the T.
  • the S-PDSN needs to be used as the data anchor to forward the data, so the data transmission is directly compared with the T.
  • Step S311 After the service is completed, the terminal enters a sleep state.
  • Step S312 The terminal enters the active state again (if a new service is initiated), and establishes a Point to Point Protocol (PPP) session with the T-PDSN. At the same time, the terminal acquires a new IP address during the PPP establishment process.
  • PPP Point to Point Protocol
  • the transmission path of the uplink and downlink data packets is: Terminal T-RAN T-PDSN Packet data network.
  • the anchor gateway PDSN does not change when the terminal moves.
  • This constant anchor point raises a number of issues, such as the widely recognized routing roundabout problem in the industry:
  • the location of the terminal can change during the connection and use of the service.
  • the data flow that the terminal interacts with the outside world is also forwarded through its anchor point; especially when the current location of the terminal is closer to the service source it accesses, the routing roundabout problem will be more obvious.
  • routing detours will waste the carrier's transmission bearer resources, which is not conducive to cost savings.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a handover method and system, which implements data forwarding in the process of switching between PDSNs to avoid routing defects caused by fixed anchor points.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a handover method, where the method includes:
  • the terminal crosses the packet data serving node (PDSN) in the code division multiple access (CDMA) system
  • PDSN packet data serving node
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • the target PDSN When receiving the downlink data of the terminal, the target PDSN sends the data to the target radio access network (RAN); or sends the signal to the target RAN and the source PDSN.
  • RAN target radio access network
  • the source PDSN and/or the target PDSN externally announce that the downlink data is received by the target PDSN, including: the target PDSN receives the PP interface first registration response or the source PDSN sends the When the PP interface first registers, the external advertisement is received by the target PDSN.
  • the target PDSN After the connection of the PP interface is established, the external advertisement is received by the target PDSN.
  • the target PDSN receives the Al1 second registration request or the source PDSN sends the PP interface second registration response, and the external advertisement receives the downlink data by the target PDSN.
  • the receiving the downlink data by the external advertising target PDSN includes: notifying the mapping server and/or the communication peer of the terminal to update the correspondence between the identity identifier and the location identifier of the terminal.
  • the source PDSN When receiving the downlink data of the terminal, the source PDSN is only sent to the target PDSN.
  • the above method can also have the following characteristics:
  • the target PDSN When the target PDSN receives the downlink data of the terminal, the downlink data is sent to the target RAN, and the target PDSN receives the downlink data of the terminal and caches the data, and after the handover is completed, sends the buffered downlink data to the downlink data.
  • the target RAN When the target PDSN receives the downlink data of the terminal, the downlink data is sent to the target RAN, and the target PDSN receives the downlink data of the terminal and caches the data, and after the handover is completed, sends the buffered downlink data to the downlink data.
  • the target RAN When the target PDSN receives the downlink data of the terminal, the downlink data is sent to the target RAN, and the target PDSN receives the downlink data of the terminal and caches the data, and after the handover is completed, sends the buffered downlink data to the downlink data.
  • the target RAN When the target PDSN receives the downlink data of the terminal
  • the method further includes:
  • the target RAN buffers the received downlink data, and after the handover is completed, the target RAN sends the buffered downlink data to the terminal.
  • the method further includes:
  • the received downlink data is sent to the terminal by the target RAN, the source PDSN, and the source RAN, respectively.
  • the target PDSN After receiving the downlink data, the target PDSN sends the downlink data to the source RAN after being sent to the source PDSN;
  • the target PDSN sends the downlink data to the source PDSN through the PP interface, and the source PDSN encapsulates the downlink data according to the PPP context of the terminal, and then sends the downlink data to the source PDSN.
  • the source RAN; or the target PDSN encapsulates the downlink data according to the PPP context of the terminal, and then sends the downlink data to the source PDSN through the PP interface, where the source PDSN receives and sends the downlink PDSN to the source PDSN. Describe the source RAN.
  • the PDSN After receiving the downlink data, the PDSN receives the downlink data of the terminal from the packet data network, and simultaneously sends the downlink data to the source RAN and the target PDSN.
  • the source PDSN After receiving the second registration request of the P-P interface carrying the zero S bit, the source PDSN sends only the downlink data of the terminal from the packet data network, and then only sends the downlink data to the target PDSN.
  • the target PDSN After receiving the Al l second registration request carrying the zero S bit, the target PDSN sends only the downlink data of the terminal from the packet data network, and only sends the downlink data to the target RAN.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a packet data serving node (PDSN), which includes an announcement unit and a hand-in data forwarding unit, where:
  • PDSN packet data serving node
  • the announcement unit is configured to: when the terminal crosses the PDSN in the code division multiple access (CDMA) system, after the P-P interface connection between the source PDSN and the target PDSN is established, the external advertisement target PDSN receives the downlink data;
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • the hand-in data forwarding unit is configured to: when the PDSN receives the downlink data of the hand-in terminal, sends the data to the target radio access network (RAN); or simultaneously sends the data to the target RAN and the source PDSN.
  • RAN radio access network
  • the announcement unit is configured to: when receiving the first registration response of the P-P interface or transmitting the first registration response of the P-P interface, the external advertisement target PDSN receives the downlink data.
  • the announcement unit is configured to: receive an Al l second registration request or send a PP interface When the second registration response is received, the target PDSN is externally announced to receive downlink data.
  • the PDSN may also have the following features: It further includes a data forwarding unit.
  • the hand-in data forwarding unit is configured to: when receiving the downlink data of the hand-in terminal, send the source PDSN to the hand-in terminal through the PP interface; or, according to the received PP interface, the first registration response
  • the PPP context of the cut-in terminal is included, and the received downlink data of the cut-in terminal is encapsulated, and then sent to the source PDSN of the cut-in terminal by using the PP interface;
  • the cut-out data forwarding unit is configured to: after receiving the downlink data of the cut-out terminal, the PP data is encapsulated according to the PPP context of the cut-out terminal, and then sent to the cut-out terminal.
  • the source RAN is sent to the source RAN of the cut-out terminal when receiving the downlink data of the encapsulated terminal from the PP interface.
  • the PDSN may also have the following features:
  • the cut-out data forwarding unit is further configured to: when the PP interface connection is established, when the downlink data of the cut-out terminal is received from the packet data network, the data is simultaneously sent to the cut The source RAN of the terminal and the target PDSN.
  • the cut-out data forwarding unit is further configured to: after receiving the second registration request of the PP interface carrying the zero-bit S, when receiving the downlink data of the cut-out terminal from the packet data network, only sending the cut-out data to the cut-out The target PDSN of the terminal.
  • the hand-in data forwarding unit is further configured to: when receiving the Al1 second registration request carrying the zero-bit S-bit, and receiving the downlink data of the hand-in terminal from the packet data network, sending only the target to the hand-in terminal RAN.
  • the announcement unit is configured to receive the downlink data by the external advertisement target PDSN in the following manner: the notification mapping server and/or the communication peer end of the terminal updates the correspondence between the identity identifier and the location identifier of the terminal.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is connected to the target PDSN to which the external announcement terminal is switched.
  • Receiving downlink data eliminates the fixed anchor point of the terminal, so that most of the data of the terminal can no longer be forwarded through its anchor point.
  • the transmission bearer resources of the operator can be greatly saved, which is beneficial to cost saving; on the other hand, the delay of transmitting and receiving IP data packets between the terminal and the communication peer is reduced, and the delay is reduced.
  • the IP packet of the terminal is transmitted on the network, the possibility of network congestion is encountered, thereby significantly improving the user's service experience.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a CDMA network architecture according to the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a data forwarding path for cross-PDSN handover in a CDMA system according to the related art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cross-PDSN handover procedure in a CDMA system according to the related art
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a handover procedure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a handover process according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a handover procedure according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a PDSN in an embodiment of the invention. Preferred embodiment of the invention
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a handover method in a CDMA network to solve a series of problems such as routing detours existing in the prior art.
  • a new logical network element may be added on the basis of the CDMA network architecture shown in FIG. 1, which is referred to as a “mapping server” in this paper. Or called the "Identity Location Register (ILR)".
  • the network element may exist in the form of an independent physical entity, or may exist in the form of a logical function with other physical entities (eg, in an AAA/Radius server, a PDSN, etc.).
  • Corresponding to the above two forms respectively establishing a new interface between the PDSN and the network element, or reusing and expanding The existing interface already exists.
  • the terminal can be assigned an identity and a location identifier.
  • the role of the identity of the terminal is to calibrate the identity of a terminal, and the identity is fixed, no matter how the terminal moves in the network and no matter which terminal the current terminal is attached to.
  • the location identifier of the terminal is used to indicate the topology location of the terminal currently in the network (that is, to represent routing information), or according to the location identifier. You can locate the PDSN where the terminal is located.
  • the communication peer of the terminal wants to send data to the terminal, if the peer does not know the location identifier of the terminal, it needs to first query the mapping server for the current location identifier of the terminal. After obtaining the location identifier of the terminal, the peer will send the data packet. Firstly, it is sent to the PDSN indicated by the location identifier, and the PDSN forwards the data packet to the terminal according to the identity of the terminal.
  • the function of the above query mapping server may also be performed by the access gateway of the communication peer (for example, the PDSN connected to the communication peer): the communication peer first sends the data packet addressed to the terminal to the communication. The access gateway of the peer end, and then the access gateway of the communication peer checks whether there is a location identifier of the terminal. If not, the mapping server queries the location identifier of the terminal and then forwards the data packet.
  • the following communication peers can refer to the peer itself, or the access gateway to which the peer is connected.
  • the foregoing method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can ensure that the terminal is still reachable after the attached PDSN is changed, and the terminal and the peer end do not perceive that the terminal has moved at the IP level.
  • the identity of the terminal is a fixed IP address allocated by the CDMA system to the terminal; and the location identifier of the terminal is the IP address of the PDSN in the CDMA system. At this time, regardless of how the terminal moves in the CDMA system, the IP address of the terminal is valid and routable.
  • the identity of the above terminal is represented by AID (Access Identity), and the location identifier of the terminal is represented by RID (Routing Identify).
  • AID Access Identity
  • RID Location identifier of the terminal
  • ILR ILR
  • the AID and the RID are in the ILR, and the correspondence may be continuously updated during the terminal movement.
  • the ILR may also store a correspondence between another identity representation (such as IMSI or NAI) of the terminal and the AID, and the correspondence relationship is generally not changed.
  • both the S-PDSN and the T-PDSN perform the data dual-issue function to ensure uninterrupted service and complete data.
  • Steps S401-S404 Same steps S301-S304.
  • step S404 after the downlink data arrives at the S-PDSN, the dual-issue is performed to both the source side and the target side.
  • Step S405 The S-PDSN sends an RRP message of the P-P interface to the T-PDSN as a response to step S404.
  • the S-PDSN sends all information related to the terminal, such as the user context, the authentication context, and the PPP context, to the T-PDSN.
  • the S-PDSN sends the AID to the T-PDSN.
  • the T-PDSN may query the AID mapping server to obtain the AID according to the identifier of the terminal (such as IMSI) in the RRP message.
  • the T-PDSN After receiving or obtaining the AID, the T-PDSN initiates an announcement to the T-PDSN to receive the downlink data of the terminal.
  • the advertisement T-PDSN receives the downlink data of the terminal, and specifically, the T-PDSN and/or the S-PDSN update the correspondence between the AID and the RID to the mapping server and/or the opposite end (or the opposite gateway, such as the PDSN). For example, because the PDSN is replaced, the RID is also replaced by the source RID to the target RID.
  • the T-PDSN needs to update the AID corresponding to the mapping plane to be the T-RID; so that when the communication peer (or its corresponding gateway) For example, if the PDSN sends data to the T-PDSN of the terminal, the T-RID is used.
  • the downlink data packet sent to the terminal will reach the T-PDSN. If there is a communication peer that is not updated in time (or its corresponding gateway, for example, also a PDSN), it is also possible to send the downlink data of the terminal to the S- PDSN.
  • the data packets arriving at the S-PDSN are dual-transmitted on the source side and the target side according to the related technology; and the data packets reaching the T-PDSN are also dual-issue: respectively sent to the S-PDSN along the PP interface and then sent from the source side.
  • the T-RAN is sent to the terminal to the terminal and along the target side (where, according to the related art, the PDSN can distinguish whether the data is sent from the PP interface or the PDN network) Come).
  • the uplink data of the terminal can be sent to the packet data network through any side of the connection. Since the PPP context is maintained on both the S-PDSN and the T-PDSN, both the S-PDSN and the T-PDSN can encapsulate the data and send it to the RAN side on the data encapsulation.
  • the data transmitted on the PP interface may be the source PDSN/target PDSN encapsulated data sent to the target PDSN/source PDSN, and then sent by the target PDSN/source PDSN to the corresponding RAN side; or, The source PDSN/target PDSN directly encapsulates the data with the IP and sends it to the target PDSN/source PDSN. After the target PDSN/source PDSN is encapsulated, it is sent to the corresponding RAN side.
  • Steps S406-S408 Same steps S306-S308.
  • Step S409 The T-RAN sends an Al 1 -RRQ message to the T-PDSN, where the message carries the S bit and the S position is zero.
  • Step S410 The T-PDSN sends an RRQ message of the P-P interface to the S-PDSN, where the parameters in the step A11-RRQ message are copied, including the S bit of the zero, and the S-PDSN responds to the response message.
  • the zero-setting S bit of step S409 indicates that the T-PDSN stops dual-issue; the zero-setting S bit of step S410 indicates that the S-PDSN stops dual-issue.
  • the data packet is no longer sent to the S-PDSN, as shown by the dotted line in the figure.
  • the S-PDSN performs the data dual-issue function to ensure the integrity of the data.
  • the S-bit is used to indicate the timing of the T-PDSN and/or S-PDSN external announcement. For a specific implementation of the advertisement, refer to the description of Embodiment 1.
  • Steps S501-S504 Same steps S301-S304.
  • the downlink data is dual-issue to the source side and the target side after reaching the S-PDSN according to the related technology.
  • Step S505 The S-PDSN sends an RRP message of the P-P interface to the T-PDSN as a response to step S504.
  • the S-PDSN sends all information related to the terminal, such as the user context, the authentication context, and the PPP context, to the T-PDSN; because the AID used in the system performs routing of the packet, the message
  • the middle S-PDSN also sends the AID to the T-PDSN; or the T-PDSN requests the AID mapping plane (the mapping server) to acquire the AID.
  • step S405 Although the T-PDSN acquires the AID, the T-PDSN is not announced at the moment;
  • the downlink data packet sent to the terminal still reaches the S-PDSN, and the data packet arriving at the S-PDSN performs dual transmission on the source side and the target side according to the related technology.
  • Steps S506-S508 Same steps S306-S308.
  • Step S509 The T-RAN sends an Al 1 -RRQ message to the T-PDSN, where the message carries the S bit and the S position is zero.
  • Step S510 The T-PDSN sends a second RRQ message of the P-P interface to the S-PDSN, where the parameters in the A11-RRQ message are copied, including the zero-bit S-bit and the S-PDSN response message.
  • the zeroing of the S510 step S bit indicates that the S-PDSN stops dual transmission.
  • Step S511 The zeroing of the step S509 indicates that the T-PDSN can be announced at the moment after reaching the T-PDSN.
  • the downlink packet can reach the T-PDSN, or some packets still reach the S-PDSN. However, whether it is S-PDSN or T-PDSN, as long as the data packet is received, it can be sent directly to the target side, and it can also ensure that the data packet can reach the terminal.
  • the anchor point completely cancels the dual-issue function, and all the data packets received during the handover process are sent to the target side. If the link establishment on the target side has not been completed, the data packet is Temporarily cache, and then send data after the link is completed.
  • Steps S601-S604 Same steps S301-S304.
  • step S604 Although the S-PDSN receives the set S bit, the downlink data is sent to the target side through the P-P interface, and the target side is sent to the T-RAN or T-PDSN buffer.
  • Step S605 The S-PDSN sends an RRP message of the P-P interface to the T-PDSN as a response to step S604.
  • the S-PDSN sends all information related to the terminal, such as the user context, the authentication context, and the PPP context, to the T-PDSN.
  • the S-PDSN can also send the AID of the terminal to the message.
  • T-PDSN; or the T-PDSN requests the AID mapping server to acquire the AID of the terminal.
  • the T-PDSN After the A-ID is obtained, the T-PDSN initiates an external announcement. For details, refer to the description in the first embodiment. Alternatively, you can wait for the S position in the RRQ message to 0 (step 609) to initiate the advertisement.
  • the downlink data packet will arrive at the T-PDSN, and the T-PDSN will buffer or deliver the data. Some data may still be sent to the S-PDSN, and the data packets arriving at the S-PDSN are still sent to the T-PDSN through the P-P interface.
  • Steps S606-S608 Same as S306-S308.
  • the data packets buffered in the PDSN or RAN can be sent to the terminal.
  • Step S609 The T-RAN sends an Al1-RRQ message to the T-PDSN, where the message carries the S bit and the S position is zero. Step S610.
  • the T-PDSN sends an RRQ message of the PP interface to the S-PDSN, where the parameters in the A11-RRQ message are copied, including the zeroed S bit and the S-PDSN response message.
  • Step S611 the downlink data packet can reach the T-PDSN, but some data packets still reach the S-PDSN. As long as the S-PDSN or the T-PDSN receives the data packet, it can confirm that the link on the target side is clear, so it can be sent directly to the target side, and the data packet can be guaranteed to reach the terminal.
  • the S position in the embodiment is zero or zero.
  • the pair of S-PDSN and T-PDSN does not function to indicate dual-opening and closing. If the S-bit can be omitted from the perspective of the optimization system, the S-bit can still be retained if the impact on the existing system is minimal, but the PDSN ignores its indication function.
  • the PDSN and the RAN need to buffer the data packet, and if it is detected that the data link has been successfully established, the data packet is sent. Therefore, the functions of the PDSN and RAN cache data need to be enhanced.
  • the PDSN includes: an announcement unit 70 and a hand-in data forwarding unit 71, where:
  • the announcement unit 70 is configured to: when the terminal crosses the PDSN in the CDMA system, after the P-P interface connection is established, the external target PDSN receives the downlink data;
  • the cut-in data forwarding unit 71 is configured to: when receiving the downlink data of the hand-in terminal, send it to the target RAN; or, simultaneously, to the target RAN and the source PDSN.
  • the announcement unit 70 is configured to receive the downlink data by the external advertisement target PDSN when receiving the first registration response of the P-P interface or transmitting the first registration response of the P-P interface.
  • the announcement unit 70 is configured to receive the second registration request of Al1 or send the PP.
  • the target PDSN is externally announced to receive downlink data.
  • the switching system of this embodiment further includes a cut-out data forwarding unit 72,
  • the cut-in data forwarding unit 71 is configured to: when receiving the downlink data of the cut-in terminal, send the data to the source PDSN through the PP interface; or, according to the PPP of the terminal included in the first registration response of the received PP interface Context, after the received downlink data is encapsulated, and then sent to the source PDSN through the PP interface;
  • the cut-out data forwarding unit 72 is configured to: after receiving the downlink data of the cut-out terminal from the PP interface, the downlink data is encapsulated according to the PPP context of the terminal, and then sent to the source RAN of the terminal; Or, when the encapsulated downlink data is received from the PP interface, sent to the source RAN.
  • the cut-out data forwarding unit 72 is further configured to: when the P-P interface connection is established, receive the downlink data of the cut-out terminal from the packet data network, and simultaneously send the data to the source RAN and the target PDSN;
  • the cut-in data forwarding unit 71 is further configured to send only the downlink data of the terminal from the packet data network, and only to the target RAN when receiving the Al1 second registration request with the S-location zero.
  • modules or steps of the present invention can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device, which can be concentrated on a single computing device or distributed over a network composed of multiple computing devices. Alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by the computing device, such that they may be stored in the storage device by the computing device and, in some cases, may be different from the order herein. Perform the steps shown or described, or They are separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or a plurality of modules or steps thereof are fabricated into a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
  • INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY An embodiment of the present invention is a target that is switched to an external announcement terminal during a handover process.
  • the PDSN receives the downlink data and eliminates the fixed anchor point of the terminal, so that most of the data of the terminal can no longer be forwarded through its anchor point.
  • the transmission bearer resources of the operator can be greatly saved, which is beneficial to cost saving; on the other hand, the delay of transmitting and receiving IP data packets between the terminal and the communication peer is reduced, and the delay is reduced.
  • the IP packet of the terminal is transmitted on the network, the possibility of network congestion is encountered, thereby significantly improving the user's service experience.

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Description

一种切换方法及系统
技术领域
本发明涉及移动通信技术领域, 更具体的, 涉及一种切换方法及系统。
背景技术
第三代合作伙伴计划 2 ( 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 , 简称为 3GPP2 )码分多址系统(Code Division Multiple-Access, 简称为 CDMA )主 要由无线接入网 ( Radio Access Network, 简称为 RAN ) 、 分组数据服务节 点 (Packet Data Serving Node, 简称为 PDSN ) 、 RADIUS服务器 (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, 简称为远程用户拨号认证系统)及其他支 撑节点组成。
图 1为相关技术的 CDMA系统架构的示意图。 其中, PDSN附负责控制 面和用户面的管理和操作。 在控制面上 PDSN负责终端的移动性管理、 用户 上下文的管理等工作; 在用户面上 PDSN是与 RAN相连的接入网关设备, 并且是 CDMA系统与分组数据网络( Packet Data Network, 简称为 PDN )的 边界网关, 负责分组数据网络(包括因特网或者运营商企业网等) 的接入等 功能。终端通过 CDMA系统到分组数据网络的连接称为一个 IP连接, PDSN 为终端的该连接分配一个 IP地址, 终端通过该 IP地址与外部分组网络互通 数据。
CDMA系统作为一种移动网络,一个重要特性是在终端持续移动的过程 中保持业务的连续性。在 CDMA系统中,该连续性是通过系统切换的移动性 管理的功能来保证, 主要包括切换(Handover/Handoff ) , 路由区更新等。 移动性管理都是为保证终端业务的连续性而服务的,使终端在网络中移动时, 不让终端以及终端的通信对端在 IP层面上感知到该终端的位置发生了变化。 简单的说, 即是使终端在移动的过程中保持终端有效的 IP地址不发生变化。
其中, 在终端移动性管理的过程中, 终端可能会更改当前连接的 PDSN, 以下内容均针对这种场景进行叙述。 如图 2所示, 终端当前连接的 PDSN发 生了变更: 源 RAN和目标 RAN连接在不同的 PDSN上。 当终端从源 PDSN 的服务区域移动到目标 PDSN的服务区域时, 将会触发执行更改当前连接的 PDSN, 此时, 目标 PDSN会通过 P-P接口 (源 PDSN和目标 PDSN间接口) 与源 PDSN建立连接转发用户数据。
如图 2中实线数据线路所示,在变更前,终端的上下行数据传输路径为: 终端、 源 /source RAN、 源 /source/serving PDSN; 而在变更后, 终端的上下行 数据传输路径为:终端、 目标 /target RAN、目标 /tar get PDSN、源 /source/serving PDSN (如图 2中虚线数据线路所示) 。 可见, 在终端移动到目标 PDSN后, 终端的上下行数据均需要经过原来的 PDSN。
参见图 3 , 相关技术中 PDSN变更时的切换流程的主要步骤描述如下: 步骤 S301. MS/AT ( Mobile Station/Access Terminal, 终端设备, 也称为 移动站或者接入终端)发生移动。 终端和源 RAN ( S-RAN )进行信令交互, S-RAN决定发起切换。
其中, 在步骤 S301 之前, 上下行数据包的传输路径为: 终端 <r S-RAN< -PD SN< 外部分组数据网络。
步骤 S302.S-RAN向 T-RAN发送 A16会话传输请求消息, T-RAN向 S-RAN回应会话传输响应消息。
步骤 S303. T-RAN向目标 PDSN ( T-PDSN )发送 Al 1-RRQ ( Registration Request, 注册请求) 消息, 请求建立 A10连接。
本文中, 该步骤中的 RRQ也称作 Al 1接口第一 RRQ。
步骤 S304. T-PDSN向 S-PDSN发送 P-P接口的 RRQ消息 ,请求建立 P-P 连接, P-P连接用于数据转发。
本文中, 该步骤中的 RRQ也称作 P-P接口第一 RRQ。
在步骤 S303和 S304中, 消息中携带了 S位, 该位置 " , 用于指示 S-PDSN接收到该指示后双发数据(下行) 。
其中,所述的双发数据是指 S-PDSN向 S-RAN和 T-PDSN同时发送相同 的数据(下行), 以保证数据无论从源侧还是目标侧至少有一侧能到达终端, 以保证数据包不丟失。 如图 3 中所示, S-PDSN在收到下行数据后, 分别发送给 S-RAN侧和 T-PDSN侧, 再由两侧分别传送到终端。 当然终端可能已经不驻留某一侧了, 但是可以保证的是, 终端在其中一侧或者两侧肯定有连接, 这样, 保证终端 一定能够收到下行数据包。
对于上行数据包,终端可以选择存在连接的一侧(或者源侧或者目标侧 ) 发送数据包, 即可保证数据能够发送到分组数据网。
步骤 S305.S-PDSN 向 T-PDSN 发送 P-P 接口的 RRP ( Registration Response, 注册响应 )作为请求消息的响应。
步骤 S306. T-PDSN向 T-RAN发送 A11-RRP消息, 作为 A11-RRQ消息 的回应。
步骤 S307. S-RAN在收到 S302步中 T-RAN回应的响应消息后, 经过定 时器计时,定时器到时后,由 S-RAN向 T-RAN发送 A16会话传输完成消息。
步骤 S308. 终端完全切换到目标侧。
步骤 S309. T-RAN向 T-PDSN发送 Al 1 -RRQ消息,其中该消息中携带 S 位, S位置零。 本文中, 该步骤中的 RRQ也称作 Al l接口第二 RRQ。
步骤 S310. T-PDSN向 S-PDSN发送 P-P接口的 RRQ消息, 该消息中拷 贝了 A11-RRQ消息中的参数, 其中包括置零的 S位。 本文中, 该步骤中的 RRQ也称作 P-P接口第二 RRQ。
该置零的 S位指示 S-PDSN停止双发。 至此, 如图 3中虚线所示, 用户 上下行数据路径为: 分组数据网^ S-PDSN< T-PDSN< T-RAN< 终 端。
此后, 只要终端的业务还在运行, 终端处于激活状态, 数据包就会通过 上述的路径发送, 即, 需要以 S-PDSN为数据锚点, 转发数据, 因此数据的 传输相比于直接由 T-PDSN路由来说, 存在了路由迂回, 造成了开销浪费。
步骤 S311.业务完成后, 终端进入休眠状态。
步骤 S312.终端再次进入激活态(如果有新业务发起),并建立与 T-PDSN 的点对点协议 ( Point to Point Protocol, PPP )会话, 同时, 终端在 PPP建立过 程中获取了新的 IP地址。
至此,上下行数据包的传输路径为: 终端 T-RAN T-PDSN 分组数据网。
根据上述切换过程的描述, 可以发现: 终端移动时其锚点网关 PDSN是 不会变化的。 这种不变的锚点会引发一系列的问题, 如业界广泛承认的路由 迂回问题: 终端在一次连接及使用业务的过程中,终端的位置可以发生变化。 当终端目前位置远离其锚点时, 终端与外界交互的数据流还要通过其锚点转 发; 特别是当终端目前位置距离其访问的业务源较近时, 路由迂回问题将会 更加明显。 而路由迂回一方面会导致浪费运营商的传输承载资源, 不利于节 约成本; 另一方面增加了终端与通信对端收发 IP数据包的时延, 不利于改善 用户的业务体验;再一方面是增大了终端的 IP包在网络上传递时遭遇网络拥 塞的可能性, 造成终端业务受阻甚至不能实现(如, 语音视频等实时业务)。
发明内容
本发明实施例要解决的技术问题是提供一种切换方法及系统, 实现跨 PDSN切换过程中数据转发, 以避免固定锚点造成的路由迂回等问题。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明实施例提供了一种切换方法, 所述方法包 括:
终端在码分多址 (CDMA ) 系统中发生跨分组数据服务节点 (PDSN ) 的切换时,源 PDSN和目标 PDSN间的 P-P接口连接建立完成后,所述源 PDSN 和 /或目标 PDSN对外公告由所述目标 PDSN接收所述终端的下行数据;
所述目标 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据时, 发送给目标无线接入网 ( RAN ) ; 或者, 发送给所述目标 RAN及所述源 PDSN。
上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述 P-P接口连接建立完成后,所述源 PDSN和 /或目标 PDSN对外公告 由所述目标 PDSN接收下行数据, 包括: 所述目标 PDSN接收到 P-P接口第 一注册响应或者所述源 PDSN发送了 P-P接口第一注册响应时, 对外公告由 所述目标 PDSN接收下行数据。
上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述 P-P接口连接建立完成后, 对外公告由所述目标 PDSN接收下行数 据, 包括: 所述目标 PDSN接收到 Al l第二注册请求或者所述源 PDSN发送 了 P-P接口第二注册响应时, 对外公告由所述目标 PDSN接收下行数据。
上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述对外公告目标 PDSN接收下行数据, 包括: 通知映射服务器和 /或所 述终端的通信对端更新所述终端的身份标识和位置标识的对应关系。
上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述源 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据时,仅发送给所述目标 PDSN。 上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述目标 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据时,发送给目标 RAN,包括: 所述目标 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据后緩存, 待所述切换完成后, 将 緩存的下行数据发送给所述目标 RAN。
上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述目标 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据时, 发送给目标 RAN之后, 所述方法还包括:
所述目标 RAN将接收到的所述下行数据緩存, 待所述切换完成后, 所 述目标 RAN将緩存的下行数据发送给所述终端。
上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述目标 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据时, 同时发送给所述目标 RAN及所述源 PDSN之后, 所述方法还包括:
由所述目标 RAN、 所述源 PDSN以及源 RAN, 分别将接收到的下行数 据发送给所述终端。
上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述源 PDSN接收到所述目标 PDSN的 P-P接口第一注册请求时, 返回 P-P接口第一注册响应, 并在返回的所述 P-P接口第一注册响应中包含所述 终端的点对点协议(PPP )上下文;
所述目标 PDSN接收到下行数据,发送给所述源 PDSN后,所述源 PDSN 将所述下行数据发送给所述源 RAN; 其中, 所述目标 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据时, 通过所述 P-P接 口发送给所述源 PDSN, 由所述源 PDSN根据所述终端的 PPP上下文对所述 下行数据进行封装后发送给所述源 RAN; 或者, 所述目标 PDSN根据所述终 端的 PPP上下文对所述下行数据进行封装后, 再通过所述 P-P接口发送给所 述源 PDSN, 所述源 PDSN接收到后发送给所述源 RAN。
上述方法还可具有以下特点:
对外公告目标 PDSN接收下行数据后, 如果所述源 PDSN从分组数据网 接收到所述终端的下行数据, 则同时发送给源 RAN及所述目标 PDSN。
上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述源 PDSN接收到携带置零 S位的 P-P接口第二注册请求后, 如果从 分组数据网接收到所述终端的下行数据, 则仅发送给所述目标 PDSN。
上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述目标 PDSN接收到携带置零 S位的 Al l第二注册请求后,从分组数 据网接收到所述终端的下行数据时, 仅发送给所述目标 RAN。
本发明实施例还提供一种分组数据服务节点 (PDSN ) , 其包括公告单 元和切入数据转发单元, 其中:
所述公告单元设置为: 终端在码分多址(CDMA ) 系统中发生跨 PDSN 的切换时, 在源 PDSN和目标 PDSN间的 P-P接口连接建立完成后, 对外公 告目标 PDSN接收下行数据;
所述切入数据转发单元设置为: 当所述 PDSN作为接收到切入终端的下 行数据时, 发送给目标无线接入网 (RAN ) ; 或者, 同时发送给所述目标 RAN及源 PDSN。
上述 PDSN还可具有以下特点:
所述公告单元是设置为: 接收到 P-P接口第一注册响应或者发送了 P-P 接口第一注册响应时, 对外公告目标 PDSN接收下行数据。
上述 PDSN还可具有以下特点:
所述公告单元是设置为: 接收到 Al l第二注册请求或者发送了 P-P接口 第二注册响应时, 对外公告所述目标 PDSN接收下行数据。
上述 PDSN还可具有以下特点: 其还包括切出数据转发单元,
所述切入数据转发单元是设置为:在接收到所述切入终端的下行数据时 , 通过所述 P-P接口发送给所述切入终端的源 PDSN; 或者,根据接收到的 P-P 接口第一注册响应中包含的所述切入终端的 PPP上下文, 对接收到的所述切 入终端的下行数据进行封装后, 再通过所述 P-P接口发送给所述所述切入终 端的源 PDSN;
所述切出数据转发单元设置为: 从所述 P-P接口接收到切出终端的下行 数据后, 根据所述切出终端的 PPP上下文对所述下行数据进行封装后发送给 所述切出终端的源 RAN; 或者, 从所述 P-P接口接收到封装后的所述切出终 端的下行数据时, 发送给所述切出终端的源 RAN。
上述 PDSN还可具有以下特点: 所述切出数据转发单元还设置为: 所述 P-P接口连接建立完成后, 从分组数据网接收到所述切出终端的下 行数据时, 同时发送给所述切出终端的源 RAN及目标 PDSN。
上述 PDSN还可具有以下特点:
所述切出数据转发单元还设置为: 接收到携带置零 S位的 P-P接口第二 注册请求后, 从分组数据网接收到所述切出终端的下行数据时, 仅发送给所 述切出终端的目标 PDSN。
上述 PDSN还可具有以下特点:
所述切入数据转发单元还设置为:接收到携带置零 S位的 Al l第二注册 请求后, 从分组数据网接收到所述切入终端的下行数据时, 仅发送给所述切 入终端的目标 RAN。
上述 PDSN还可具有以下特点:
所述公告单元是设置为以如下方式对外公告目标 PDSN接收下行数据: 通知映射服务器和 /或所述终端的通信对端更新所述终端的身份标识和 位置标识的对应关系。
本发明实施例在切换过程中, 通过对外公告终端切换到的目标 PDSN接 收下行数据, 消除了终端的固定锚点, 使得终端的大部分数据可以不再通过 其锚点转发。 尤其是当终端目前位置距离其访问的业务源较近时, 可以大大 节省运营商的传输承载资源, 有利于节约成本; 另一方面减少了终端与通信 对端收发 IP数据包的时延, 降低了终端的 IP包在网络上传递时遭遇网络拥 塞的可能性, 从而明显地改善了用户的业务体验。 附图概述
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解, 构成本申请 的一部分, 本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本 发明的不当限定。 在附图中:
图 1为根据相关技术的 CDMA网络架构示意图;
图 2为根据相关技术的 CDMA系统中跨 PDSN切换的数据转发路径示 意图;
图 3为根据相关技术的 CDMA系统中跨 PDSN切换流程示意图; 图 4为根据本发明实施例一的切换流程示意图;
图 5为根据本发明实施例二的切换流程示意图;
图 6为根据本发明实施例三的切换流程示意图;
图 7为发明实施例中 PDSN的结构示意图。 本发明的较佳实施方式
本发明实施例提供了一种 CDMA网络中的切换方法,以解决现有技术中 存在的路由迂回等一系列问题。
为使终端能够动态变更其当前附着的 PDSN, 本发明实施例中, 可以在 图 1所示的 CDMA网络架构的基础上,增加一个新的逻辑网元,本文中称之 为 "映射服务器", 或者称之为 "身份位置寄存器(Identity Location Register, ILR ) " 。 该网元可以以独立物理实体的形式存在, 也可以以逻辑功能的形 式存在与其他物理实体中 (如, 在 AAA/Radius服务器、 PDSN中等) 。 对 应于上述的两种形式, 分别在 PDSN与该网元间建立新的接口, 或重用并扩 展目前已经存在的接口。
本发明实施例中还提出可以为终端分配一个身份标识, 以及一个位置标 识。 其中, 终端的身份标识的作用是用于标定一个终端的身份, 该身份标识 是固定不变的, 无论终端在网络中如何移动以及无论当前终端附着在哪个
PDSN上, 其身份标识始终保持不变, 且在域内是唯一的; 终端的位置标识 则用于表示终端当前在网络中的拓朴位置 (也即表征路由信息) , 或者说根 据该位置标识即可以定位到终端所在的 PDSN。 当终端的通信对端要向终端 发送数据时, 若对端不知道终端的位置标识, 则需要首先到上述映射服务器 查询该终端当前的位置标识; 得到终端的位置标识后, 对端将数据包首先发 送到位置标识所指代的 PDSN, 再由这个 PDSN根据终端的身份标识将数据 包转发给终端。
需要说明的是, 上述查询映射服务器的功能, 也可以由通信对端的接入 网关 (如, 通信对端所连接的 PDSN ) 来执行: 通信对端将发往终端的数据 包首先发送到该通信对端的接入网关, 然后, 该通信对端的接入网关查看有 没有该终端的位置标识, 如果没有则上映射服务器查询终端的位置标识后再 转发数据包。 为了描述简单, 以下通信对端均可指对端本身, 或者对端所连 接的接入网关。
通过本发明实施例提出的上述方法, 可以保证在更改附着的 PDSN以后 终端仍然是可达的, 且终端以及对端在 IP层面上感知不到终端发生了移动。 可选的, 终端的身份标识是 CDMA系统分配给终端的一个固定的 IP地址; 终端的位置标识则是 CDMA系统中 PDSN自己的 IP地址。 此时, 无论终端 在 CDMA系统中如何移动, 终端的 IP地址都是有效的, 可路由的。
为便于描述, 上述的终端的身份标识用 AID ( Access Identity ) 来表示, 终端的位置标识用 RID ( Routing Identify ) 来表示。 下文统一同 AID表示终 端的身份标识, 用 RID表示终端的位置标识, 用 ILR表示映射服务器。 其中 AID和 RID存在 ILR中,而且该对应关系在终端移动过程中可能是不断更新 的。 除此之外, ILR中还可能存储终端的另外一个身份表示(比如 IMSI或者 NAI )和 AID的对应关系, 该对应关系式签约的, 一般不会改变的。 下文中将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。 需要说明的是, 在 不冲突的情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
实施例一
该实施例中, 锚点在更换过程中, S-PDSN和 T-PDSN都执行数据双发 功能, 保证业务不间断和数据完整。
如图 4所示, 本实施例的主要步骤具体描述如下:
步骤 S401-S404: 同步骤 S301-S304。
步骤 S404之后,按照相关的技术,下行数据到达 S-PDSN后会同时向源 侧和目标侧进行双发。
步骤 S405: S-PDSN向 T-PDSN发送 P-P接口的 RRP消息,作为对步骤 S404的回应。
在该回应消息中, S-PDSN把用户上下文、 认证上下文和 PPP上下文等 所有与该终端有关的信息都发送给 T-PDSN。 在该消息中 S-PDSN将 AID发送给 T-PDSN; 或者, 也可由 T-PDSN根 据 RRP消息中的终端的标识(如 IMSI )向 AID映射服务器查询以获取 AID。
T-PDSN在收到或获取到 AID后, 对外发起公告 T-PDSN接收终端下行 数据。 所述公告 T-PDSN接收终端下行数据, 具体可以是指 T-PDSN和 /或 S-PDSN向映射服务器和 /或对端 (或者对端网关, 比如 PDSN ) 更新 AID和 RID的对应关系。 举例来说, 由于更换了 PDSN, RID也由源 RID更换为目 标 RID, 这时, T-PDSN需要向映射平面更新 AID对应的是 T-RID; 以至于 当通信对端 (或者其对应的网关, 比如也是 PDSN ) 向终端的 T-PDSN发送 数据时, 会釆用 T-RID。
此后, 发往该终端的下行数据包会达到 T-PDSN, 如果存在部分没有及 时更新的通信对端 (或者其对应的网关, 比如也是 PDSN ) , 则还可能将终 端的下行数据发送到 S-PDSN。 其中, 到达 S-PDSN的数据包按照相关技术 进行源侧和目标侧的双发; 而达到 T-PDSN的数据包也进行双发: 分别沿着 P-P接口发向 S-PDSN再从源侧发向终端和沿着目标侧由 T-RAN发向终端 (其中, 根据相关技术, PDSN能够区分数据是从 P-P接口还是 PDN网络发 来的) 。
而终端的上行数据可以通过存在连接的任何一侧发送到分组数据网络。 由于在 S-PDSN上和 T-PDSN上都维护了 PPP上下文, 因此, 在数据封 装上, S-PDSN和 T-PDSN都可以使用该 PPP上下文进行封装数据并发往 RAN 侧。 具体地, 对于在 P-P接口上传输的数据可以是源 PDSN/目标 PDSN封装 的数据发送给目标 PDSN/源 PDSN, 然后再由目标 PDSN/源 PDSN发往对应 的 RAN侧; 或者, 也可以是, 源 PDSN/目标 PDSN直接用 IP封装数据后发 往目标 PDSN/源 PDSN, 在目标 PDSN/源 PDSN进行封装后再发往对应的 RAN侧。
步骤 S406-S408: 同步骤 S306-S308。
步骤 S409. T-RAN向 T-PDSN发送 Al 1 -RRQ消息,其中该消息中携带 S 位, S位置零。
步骤 S410.T-PDSN向 S-PDSN发送 P-P接口的 RRQ消息, 该消息中拷 贝了步骤 A11-RRQ消息中的参数, 其中包括置零的 S位, S-PDSN回应响应 消息。
步骤 S409的置零 S位指示 T-PDSN停止双发; 步骤 S410的置零 S位指 示 S-PDSN停止双发。
在步骤 409-S410之后, 已经可以确认目标侧的链路已经畅通, 因此, 无 论是 S-PDSN还是 T-PDSN, 只要接收到数据包, 即可直接发往目标侧, 就 能保证数据包一定能够到达终端了, 无需双发了。
当与 PDSN连接的所有的路由器都收到公告并向 T-PDSN发送数据后, 数据包便不再发往 S-PDSN, 如图中虚线所示。
实施例二
本实施例中, 锚点在更换过程中, 只有 S-PDSN执行数据双发功能, 保 证数据的完整性。 S位除了指示双发功能的开关外, 还用于指示 T-PDSN和 / 或 S-PDSN对外公告的时机。 所述公告的具体实现可参见实施例一的描述。
如图 5所示, 本实施例的主要步骤具体描述如下: 步骤 S501-S504: 同步骤 S301-S304。
步骤 S504完成后,下行数据按照相关的技术,到达 S-PDSN后会同时向 源侧和目标侧进行双发。
步骤 S505: S-PDSN向 T-PDSN发送 P-P接口的 RRP消息,作为对步骤 S504的回应。
在该回应消息中, S-PDSN把用户上下文、 认证上下文和 PPP上下文等 所有与该终端有关的信息都发送给 T-PDSN; 因为在该系统中用的 AID进行数据包的路由, 在该消息中 S-PDSN把 AID也发送给 T-PDSN; 或者 T-PDSN向 AID映射平面 (映射服务器 )请求 获取 AID。
与步骤 S405不同的是, 虽然 T-PDSN获取了 AID, 但是 T-PDSN并没 有在此刻对外公告;
因此, 发送到该终端的下行数据包仍旧会达到 S-PDSN, 到达 S-PDSN 的数据包按照相关技术进行源侧和目标侧的双发。
步骤 S506-S508: 同步骤 S306-S308。
步骤 S509. T-RAN向 T-PDSN发送 Al 1 -RRQ消息,其中该消息中携带 S 位, S位置零。
步骤 S510.T-PDSN向 S-PDSN发送 P-P接口的第二 RRQ消息, 该消息 中拷贝了 A11-RRQ消息中的参数, 其中包括置零的 S位, S-PDSN回应响应 消息。 S510步的置零 S位指示 S-PDSN停止双发。
步骤 S511.步骤 S509的置零 S位指示到达 T-PDSN后,用于指示 T-PDSN 此刻可以对外公告了。
在步骤 509-S511之后, 此刻已经可以确认目标侧的链路已经畅通, 下行 数据包可以到达 T-PDSN,或者有部分数据包仍会到达 S-PDSN。但是无论是 S-PDSN还是 T-PDSN, 只要接收到数据包, 都可直接发往目标侧, 也能够保 证数据包一定能够到达终端了。
当所有数据都向 T-PDSN发送后, 数据包便不再发往 S-PDSN, 如图中 虚线所示。 实施例三
本实施例中, 锚点在更换过程中, 完全取消了双发功能, 所有的在切换 过程中收到的数据包都发往目标侧, 如果目标侧的链路建立还没有完成, 则 数据包暂时緩存, 等链路开通完成后再下发数据。
如图 6所示, 本实施例的主要步骤具体描述如下:
步骤 S601-S604: 同步骤 S301-S304。
步骤 S604完成后, 虽然 S-PDSN收到了置 1的 S位, 但是下行数据到 达 S-PDSN后只通过 P-P接口发往目标侧,目标侧下发至 T-RAN或者 T-PDSN 緩存。
步骤 S605: S-PDSN向 T-PDSN发送 P-P接口的 RRP消息,作为对步骤 S604的回应。
在该回应消息中, S-PDSN把用户上下文、 认证上下文和 PPP上下文等 所有与该终端有关的信息都发送给 T-PDSN; 此外, 该消息中 S-PDSN还可以将终端的 AID也发送给 T-PDSN; 或者 由 T-PDSN向 AID映射服务器请求获取终端的 AID。
T-PDSN获取 AID后, 即发起对外公告, 所述公告具体可参见实施例一 的描述; 或者, 也可以等待 RRQ消息中的 S位置 0时(步骤 609 )再发起公 告。
因此, 下行数据包会到达 T-PDSN, T-PDSN緩存或者下发数据; 部分数 据可能仍旧会发送到 S-PDSN, 到达 S-PDSN的数据包仍通过 P-P接口发往 T-PDSN。
步骤 S606-S608: 同 S306-S308。
当空口链路建好后, 緩存在 PDSN或者 RAN的数据包就可以发送往终 端了。
步骤 S609. T-RAN向 T-PDSN发送 Al 1 -RRQ消息,其中该消息中携带 S 位, S位置零。 步骤 S610. T-PDSN向 S-PDSN发送 P-P接口的 RRQ消息, 该消息中拷 贝了 A11-RRQ消息中的参数,其中包括置零的 S位, S-PDSN回应响应消息。
步骤 S611.至此, 如图中的虚线所示, 下行数据包可以到达 T-PDSN, 但 是部分数据包仍旧会到达 S-PDSN。 无论是 S-PDSN还是 T-PDSN只要接收 到数据包, 由于此刻已经可以确认目标侧的链路已经畅通, 因此可直接发往 目标侧, 也能保证数据包能够到达终端。
当所有数据都向 T-PDSN发送后, 数据包便不再发往 S-PDSN。
其中, 由于本实施例中没有双发机制, 因而本实施例中的 S位置零或者 置零 1对 S-PDSN和 T-PDSN并没有起到指示双发开闭的功能。 如果从优化 系统的角度来说, 可以省略 S位; 而如果从对现有系统的影响最小来说, 可 以仍旧保留 S位, 只是 PDSN忽略其指示功能即可。
此外本实施例中, PDSN和 RAN在检测到下行链路还没有建立好后, 需 要緩存数据包, 如果检测到数据链路已经建立成功, 则下发数据包。 因此需 要对 PDSN和 RAN緩存数据的功能做增强。
其中, 上述实施例是结合切换的场景对本发明方法进行描述, 但是, 需 要说明的是, 本发明实施例的方法对于终端的接入网关发生变更的其他移动 性管理场景中同样也可以适用, 其原理是相同的, 此处不再赘述。
此外, 本发明实施例中还提供了一种 PDSN, 如图 7所示, 该 PDSN包 括: 公告单元 70和切入数据转发单元 71 , 其中:
公告单元 70设置为: 终端在 CDMA系统中发生跨 PDSN的切换时, P-P 接口连接建立完成后, 对外公告目标 PDSN接收下行数据;
切入数据转发单元 71设置为:接收到切入终端的下行数据时,发送给目 标 RAN; 或者, 同时发送给目标 RAN及源 PDSN。
可选地,公告单元 70设置为,接收到 P-P接口第一注册响应或者发送了 P-P接口第一注册响应时, 对外公告目标 PDSN接收下行数据。
或者, 公告单元 70设置为, 接收到 Al l第二注册请求或者发送了 P-P 接口第二注册响应时, 对外公告所述目标 PDSN接收下行数据。 可选地, 本实施例的切换系统还包括切出数据转发单元 72,
所述切入数据转发单元 71设置为,在接收到切入终端的下行数据时,通 过所述 P-P接口发送给源 PDSN; 或者, 根据接收到的 P-P接口第一注册响 应中包含的所述终端的 PPP上下文, 对接收到的下行数据进行封装后, 再通 过所述 P-P接口发送给源 PDSN;
所述切出数据转发单元 72设置为,从所述 P-P接口接收到切出终端的下 行数据后, 根据所述终端的 PPP上下文对所述下行数据进行封装后发送给所 述终端的源 RAN; 或者, 从所述 P-P接口接收到封装后的下行数据时, 发送 给所述源 RAN。
可选地, 切出数据转发单元 72还设置为, P-P接口连接建立完成后, 从分组数据网接收到切出终端的下行数据时, 同时发送给所述源 RAN及目 标 PDSN; 以及,
接收到 S位置零的 P-P接口第二注册请求后, 从分组数据网接收到所述 终端的下行数据时, 仅发送给所述目标 PDSN。
可选地, 切入数据转发单元 71还设置为, 接收到 S位置零的 Al l第二 注册请求后, 从分组数据网接收到所述终端的下行数据时, 仅发送给所述目 标 RAN。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施案例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 本发 明还可有其他多种实施例, 在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下, 熟悉本 变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
显然, 本领域的技术人员应该明白, 上述的本发明的各模块或各步骤可 以用通用的计算装置来实现, 它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上, 或者分布 在多个计算装置所组成的网络上, 可选地, 它们可以用计算装置可执行的程 序代码来实现, 从而, 可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行, 并 且在某些情况下, 可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤, 或者 将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块, 或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作 成单个集成电路模块来实现。 这样, 本发明不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件 结合。 工业实用性 本发明的实施方式在切换过程中, 通过对外公告终端切换到的目标
PDSN接收下行数据, 消除了终端的固定锚点, 使得终端的大部分数据可以 不再通过其锚点转发。 尤其是当终端目前位置距离其访问的业务源较近时, 可以大大节省运营商的传输承载资源, 有利于节约成本; 另一方面减少了终 端与通信对端收发 IP数据包的时延, 降低了终端的 IP包在网络上传递时遭 遇网络拥塞的可能性, 从而明显地改善了用户的业务体验。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种切换方法, 其包括:
终端在码分多址 (CDMA ) 系统中发生跨分组数据服务节点 (PDSN ) 的切换时,源 PDSN和目标 PDSN间的 P-P接口连接建立完成后,所述源 PDSN 和 /或目标 PDSN对外公告由所述目标 PDSN接收所述终端的下行数据;
所述目标 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据时, 发送给目标无线接入网 ( RAN ) ; 或者, 发送给所述目标 RAN及所述源 PDSN。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中,
所述 P-P接口连接建立完成后,所述源 PDSN和 /或目标 PDSN对外公告 由所述目标 PDSN接收下行数据, 包括: 所述目标 PDSN接收到 P-P接口第 一注册响应或者所述源 PDSN发送了 P-P接口第一注册响应时, 对外公告由 所述目标 PDSN接收下行数据。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中,
所述 P-P接口连接建立完成后, 对外公告由所述目标 PDSN接收下行数 据, 包括: 所述目标 PDSN接收到 Al l第二注册请求或者所述源 PDSN发送 了 P-P接口第二注册响应时, 对外公告由所述目标 PDSN接收下行数据。
4、 如权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的方法, 其中,
所述对外公告目标 PDSN接收下行数据, 包括: 通知映射服务器和 /或所 述终端的通信对端更新所述终端的身份标识和位置标识的对应关系。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其还包括:
所述源 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据时,仅发送给所述目标 PDSN。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中:
所述目标 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据时,发送给目标 RAN,包括: 所述目标 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据后緩存, 待所述切换完成后, 将 緩存的下行数据发送给所述目标 RAN。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中,
所述目标 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据时, 发送给目标 RAN之后, 所述方法还包括:
所述目标 RAN将接收到的所述下行数据緩存, 待所述切换完成后, 所 述目标 RAN将緩存的下行数据发送给所述终端。
8、 如权利要求 2或 3所述的方法, 其中,
所述目标 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据时, 同时发送给所述目标 RAN及所述源 PDSN之后, 所述方法还包括:
由所述目标 RAN、 所述源 PDSN以及源 RAN, 分别将接收到的下行数 据发送给所述终端。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的方法, 其还包括:
所述源 PDSN接收到所述目标 PDSN的 P-P接口第一注册请求时, 返回 P-P接口第一注册响应, 并在返回的所述 P-P接口第一注册响应中包含所述 终端的点对点协议(PPP )上下文;
所述目标 PDSN接收到下行数据,发送给所述源 PDSN后,所述源 PDSN 将所述下行数据发送给所述源 RAN;
其中, 所述目标 PDSN接收到所述终端的下行数据时, 通过所述 P-P接 口发送给所述源 PDSN, 由所述源 PDSN根据所述终端的 PPP上下文对所述 下行数据进行封装后发送给所述源 RAN; 或者, 所述目标 PDSN根据所述终 端的 PPP上下文对所述下行数据进行封装后, 再通过所述 P-P接口发送给所 述源 PDSN, 所述源 PDSN接收到后发送给所述源 RAN。
10、 如权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的方法, 其还包括:
对外公告目标 PDSN接收下行数据后, 如果所述源 PDSN从分组数据网 接收到所述终端的下行数据, 则同时发送给源 RAN及所述目标 PDSN。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的方法, 其还包括:
所述源 PDSN接收到携带置零 S位的 P-P接口第二注册请求后, 如果从 分组数据网接收到所述终端的下行数据, 则仅发送给所述目标 PDSN。
12、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其中,
所述目标 PDSN接收到携带置零 S位的 Al l第二注册请求后,从分组数 据网接收到所述终端的下行数据时, 仅发送给所述目标 RAN。
13、 一种分组数据服务节点 (PDSN ) , 其包括公告单元和切入数据转 发单元, 其中:
所述公告单元设置为: 终端在码分多址(CDMA ) 系统中发生跨 PDSN 的切换时, 在源 PDSN和目标 PDSN间的 P-P接口连接建立完成后, 对外公 告目标 PDSN接收下行数据;
所述切入数据转发单元设置为: 当所述 PDSN作为接收到切入终端的下 行数据时, 发送给目标无线接入网 (RAN ) ; 或者, 同时发送给所述目标 RAN及源 PDSN。
14、 如权利要求 13所述的 PDSN, 其中,
所述公告单元是设置为: 接收到 P-P接口第一注册响应或者发送了 P-P 接口第一注册响应时, 对外公告目标 PDSN接收下行数据。
15、 如权利要求 13所述的 PDSN, 其中,
所述公告单元是设置为: 接收到 Al l第二注册请求或者发送了 P-P接口 第二注册响应时, 对外公告所述目标 PDSN接收下行数据。
16、 如权利要求 13、 14或 15所述的 PDSN, 其还包括切出数据转发单 元,
所述切入数据转发单元是设置为:在接收到所述切入终端的下行数据时 , 通过所述 P-P接口发送给所述切入终端的源 PDSN; 或者,根据接收到的 P-P 接口第一注册响应中包含的所述切入终端的 PPP上下文, 对接收到的所述切 入终端的下行数据进行封装后, 再通过所述 P-P接口发送给所述所述切入终 端的源 PDSN;
所述切出数据转发单元设置为: 从所述 P-P接口接收到切出终端的下行 数据后, 根据所述切出终端的 PPP上下文对所述下行数据进行封装后发送给 所述切出终端的源 RAN; 或者, 从所述 P-P接口接收到封装后的所述切出终 端的下行数据时, 发送给所述切出终端的源 RAN。
17、 如权利要求 16所述的 PDSN, 其中, 所述切出数据转发单元还设置 为: 所述 P-P接口连接建立完成后, 从分组数据网接收到所述切出终端的下 行数据时, 同时发送给所述切出终端的源 RAN及目标 PDSN。
18、 如权利要求 17所述的 PDSN, 其中, 所述切出数据转发单元还设置 为: 接收到携带置零 S位的 P-P接口第二注册请求后, 从分组数据网接收到 所述切出终端的下行数据时, 仅发送给所述切出终端的目标 PDSN。
19、 如权利要求 16所述的 PDSN, 其中,
所述切入数据转发单元还设置为:接收到携带置零 S位的 Al l第二注册 请求后, 从分组数据网接收到所述切入终端的下行数据时, 仅发送给所述切 入终端的目标 RAN。
20、 如权利要求 13、 14或 15所述的 PDSN, 其中, 所述公告单元是设 置为以如下方式对外公告目标 PDSN接收下行数据:
通知映射服务器和 /或所述终端的通信对端更新所述终端的身份标识和 位置标识的对应关系。
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