WO2012151789A1 - 一种激光诱导等离子体注入基材的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种激光诱导等离子体注入基材的方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2012151789A1
WO2012151789A1 PCT/CN2011/077731 CN2011077731W WO2012151789A1 WO 2012151789 A1 WO2012151789 A1 WO 2012151789A1 CN 2011077731 W CN2011077731 W CN 2011077731W WO 2012151789 A1 WO2012151789 A1 WO 2012151789A1
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workpiece
cavity
laser
plasma
sealed
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任旭东
李应红
皇甫喁卓
汪诚
阮亮
何卫峰
周鑫
楚维
张永康
戴峰泽
张田
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Jiangsu University
Air Force Engineering University of PLA
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Air Force Engineering University of PLA
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/48Ion implantation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/32009Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
    • H01J37/32321Discharge generated by other radiation
    • H01J37/32339Discharge generated by other radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/32009Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
    • H01J37/32412Plasma immersion ion implantation

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of ion implantation device and ion implantation material processing, and particularly relates to a method and a device for injecting metal ions into a surface layer of a substrate by separating high energy pulse laser induced plasma.
  • Injecting ions of other elements into the surface layer of the material can cause changes in the properties of the substrate. For example, injecting Mo and W ions into the steel can enhance the impact resistance characteristics; injecting N ions into the aluminum alloy can increase the hardness; injecting N into the titanium alloy, C ion can improve corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance; injecting Al ions into steel sections to improve heat resistance, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance, this technology is applicable to semiconductors, metal materials, ceramic materials, polymer materials, optical materials, etc. Surface modification. It has been widely used in the industrial field. Various countries have produced various ion implanters, 20N ion implanters produced by American Ion Implant Science, and Tra 1090 ion implanters produced by Danish Physics.
  • Metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion implantation is an advanced high-current, large-area line-of-sight processing technology.
  • This metal ion source ion implanter has reached a practical stage. At present, the largest metal ion source ion implanter ion beam is extracted. The diameter of the device has reached 500mm and the beam current is up to 10A, but the metal ion source ion implantation is still a line of sight process.
  • J., Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Wisconsin, USA, 1987 R. Conrad proposed the "plasma source ion implantation" technology and obtained the US patent in 1988.
  • Commonly used plasma generating methods include a DC filament heating and discharging power source, a microwave excitation source, an electron cyclotron resonance excitation source, an RF excitation source, and a capacitive coupling excitation source, each having advantages and disadvantages.
  • the ion implantation process always has the problem of shallow injection layers.
  • the present invention uses a laser-induced plasma as an ion source to produce a high density plasma without contamination.
  • the method of ion implantation referred to in the present invention can overcome the above disadvantages by using laser induced plasma and radiant heating of the workpiece.
  • the ion source is clean, the reaction speed is fast, the depth of the injection layer is large, and the hardness is high.
  • the main process of the invention for ion implantation is that a high-energy short-pulse intense laser strikes a metal foil, and the metal foil absorbs high-energy short-pulse laser energy to instantaneously vaporize and ionize, and generates a high-temperature plasma, which is composed of metal ions, electrons, and uncharged atoms. Composition, plasma absorption followed by laser energy expansion and explosion. During the plasma explosion, the repulsive force between the electron and the negative potential workpiece causes the electron to move away from the workpiece, part of the electron is absorbed by the positive charge plate, and the other part is left in the next reaction process.
  • the phase suction between the positive-valence metal ions and the negative-potential workpiece causes the metal ions to move toward the workpiece, hitting the surface of the workpiece at a great speed, and completing the metal ion implantation.
  • the movement speed of metal ions is superimposed and synthesized in two parts. One is the shock wave formed by the plasma expansion and explosion, and the other is the attraction of the electric field. Heating can increase the depth of the ion strengthening layer, increase the hardness of the injection layer, and improve the quality and efficiency of ion implantation.
  • the apparatus of the present invention includes three systems: a plasma generation system, a vacuum reaction chamber system, and a workpiece system.
  • the plasma generation system includes a high power neodymium glass laser that excites a high energy short pulse laser, a 45° full mirror, a focusing lens, and a laser ablation material attached to the inner side of the upper glass plate.
  • the vacuum reaction chamber system comprises: a cylindrical sealed cavity formed of high pressure resistant glass, the upper glass cover is circular, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the cavity, and the upper glass cover and the cavity are sealed and connected by a sealing ring, The glass cover can be opened and sealed to the cavity under working conditions.
  • the chamber is evacuated to a predetermined degree of vacuum via a bleed hole.
  • arc-shaped charge receiving plates are mounted on the inner wall of the cavity, which are located on two perpendicular diameters of the cavity, and the opposite two blocks are arranged one above the other, which is advantageous for the electrons and negative ions to be sufficiently absorbed.
  • the charge sensor is mounted on a charge receiving plate and a positive voltage source is coupled to the charge receiving plate for inputting and controlling the amount of positive charge on the positive charge receiving plate.
  • a sensor that monitors the pressure inside the chamber is located at the bottom of the chamber and is connected to an external pressure gauge. The connecting wires inside and outside the cavity pass through the same position of the cavity and are sealed. There are two elliptical cylindrical legs under the cavity.
  • the workpiece system includes: the workpiece is positioned and clamped on the inverted trapezoidal workbench, and the worktable is equipped with a liftable table support.
  • the length of the support is controlled to control the up and down rotation angle of the workbench to meet the requirements of the bevel processing.
  • the shape of the bracket is cylindrical, and the cavity is sealed with a large elastic sealing ring to ensure that the sealing ring is still in a sealed working state after the bracket is moved.
  • the radiant heater is located in a recessed portion below the workbench, the heater adopts a radiant heating method, the heating wire is a molybdenum wire, and the molybdenum wire is uniformly arranged in parallel in the same plane, and the cylindrical portion of the radiant heater and the lower end of the cavity are sealed by a sealing ring.
  • a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the workpiece is placed on the workpiece and connected to the temperature display meter outside the chamber to monitor the operating temperature of the workpiece.
  • a pulsed negative high voltage source is connected to the workpiece to apply a negative potential to the workpiece. All wires are sealed at the same location as the wires of the vacuum reaction chamber.
  • the computer controls the parameter setting of the laser, records the change in charge on the positive charge plate, and controls the lift of the table support.
  • the temperature of the workpiece is controlled by the temperature sensor at 600 ⁇ 800 °C; the positive power supply is turned on on the positive charge plate, the positive potential is 3 ⁇ 5kv, the pulse on the workpiece is connected to the negative high voltage source, and the negative potential is 40. ⁇ 60kv, pulse width 50 ⁇ 100 ⁇ s, pulse repetition frequency 50Hz;
  • the radiant heater is used to heat the workpiece, and the heating can increase the depth of the ion strengthening layer, increase the hardness of the injection layer, and improve the quality and efficiency of ion implantation;
  • the device uses a variety of sensors and computer systems to monitor the reaction process online in real time.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the apparatus for laser induced plasma implantation into the surface of a workpiece.
  • the internal pressure reaches 10-2 ⁇ 10-1Pa; the radiant heater power supply is turned on to heat the workpiece, and the temperature of the workpiece is controlled by the temperature sensor (21) at 600 ⁇ 800 °C; the positive power supply is turned on on the positive charge plate.
  • the pulse on the workpiece is connected to the negative high voltage source (17), negative potential 60kv, pulse width 50 ⁇ s, pulse repetition frequency 50Hz; start high-power neodymium glass laser (1), set the laser energy 50J, pulse width 10ns, spot diameter 8mm and other parameters by computer (19), laser shock
  • the aluminum ions in the aluminum plasma move to the surface of the workpiece at a great speed under the double action of the shock wave and the electric field to achieve ion implantation.
  • the laser again impacts other parts of the aluminum foil to increase the aluminum ion.
  • the concentration was repeated 3 times. After 30 minutes of reaction, all power was turned off and the workpiece was removed.

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Description

一种激光诱导等离子体注入基材的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及离子注入装置和离子注入材料加工技术领域,特指一种通过分离高能脉冲激光诱导的等离子体中的金属离子注入基材表层的方法和装置。
背景技术
在材料表层注入其他元素的离子,可以引起基材性能的变化,例如在钢中注入Mo、W离子可增强抗冲击特性;在铝合金中注入N离子可以提高硬度;在钛合金中注入N、C离子可以提高抗腐蚀、抗疲劳性能;在型钢中注入Al离子提高耐热性、抗磨损性和耐腐蚀性,这种技术适用于半导体、金属材料、陶瓷材料、高分子材料、光学材料等的表面改性。在工业领域已经得到广泛应用,各国生产出各种离子注入机,美国离子注入科学公司生产的20N型离子注入机,丹麦物理公司生产的丹物1090型离子注入机。金属蒸汽真空弧(MEVVA)离子注入是一种先进的强流、大面积视线加工处理技术,这种金属离子源离子注入机已达到实用化阶段,目前最大的金属离子源离子注入机离子束引出器直径已达500mm,束流达10A,但是该金属离子源离子注入毕竟还是一个视线过程。为了克服离子束注入机的视线过程,1987年美国威斯康星大学核工程系的J. R. Conrad提出了“等离子体源离子注入”技术,并于1988年获得美国专利。常用的等离子体产生方法有直流灯丝加热放电源、微波激发源、电子回旋共振激发源、射频激发源和电容耦合激发源,其各有优缺点。总的来说离子注入工艺方法始终存在着注入层浅的问题。本发明首次使用激光诱导的等离子体作为离子源,产生高密度等离子体且无污染。
技术问题
本发明所指离子注入的方法采用激光诱导等离子体和对工件辐射加热可以克服上述缺点,离子源清洁,反应速度快,注入层深度大、硬度高。
技术解决方案
本发明实现离子注入的主要过程是高能短脉冲强激光冲击到金属箔上,金属箔吸收高能短脉冲激光能量瞬间气化、电离,产生高温等离子体,其由金属离子、电子和不带电的原子构成,等离子吸收后续激光能量膨胀爆炸,等离子体爆炸过程中,电子与负电位工件之间的相斥力使电子背离工件运动,一部分电子被正电荷板吸收,另一部分留到下一次反应过程中。正价金属离子与负电位工件之间的相吸力使金属离子朝着工件运动,以极大的速度打在工件表面,完成金属离子注入。金属离子的运动速度有两部分叠加合成,一是等离子体膨胀爆炸形成的冲击波作用,二是电场的吸引作用。加热可以增加离子强化层深度、提高注入层硬度和提高离子注入的质量和效率。
本发明的装置包括三个系统:等离子体发生系统、真空反应腔系统和工件系统。
等离子体发生系统包括:激发高能短脉冲激光的大功率钕玻璃激光器,45°全反镜,聚焦透镜和贴于上玻璃板内侧的激光烧蚀材料。
真空反应腔系统包括:由耐高压玻璃构成的圆柱形密封腔体,上玻璃盖板为圆形,其直径稍大于腔体直径,上玻璃盖板与腔体之间通过密封圈密封连接,上玻璃盖板可以打开,工作情况下,其与腔体密封固定。腔体侧壁的一侧的上方位置有一个进气孔,相对的另一侧的下方位置有一个出气孔,进气孔用来打入工作气体,如氮离子注入时输入氮气源,抽气泵经由抽气孔把腔体内抽成预定真空度。腔体内壁上安装四块弧形电荷接收板,位于腔体两条垂直的直径上,且相对的两块上下错落布置,这样有利于电子和负离子充分被吸收。电荷传感器安装在电荷接收板上,正电压源连接在电荷接收板上,用来输入并控制正电荷接收板上的正电荷量。监测腔体内压的传感器位于腔体底部,与腔外压力计相连。所有腔内外的连接导线通过腔体的同一位置,且密封。腔体下方有两个椭圆柱形脚架。
工件系统包括:工件定位夹紧于倒梯形工作台,工作台下有可升降工作台支架,通过改变支架的长度来控制工作台上下旋转角度,以满足斜面加工的要求。支架形状为圆柱形,其与腔体通过弹性大密封圈密封,保证支架移动后,密封圈还处于密封工作状态。辐射加热器位于工作台下方的凹陷部分,加热器采用辐射式加热方式,加热丝为钼丝,钼丝同一平面内平行均匀布置,辐射加热器圆柱部分与腔体下端由密封圈密封。测量工件温度的温度传感器安置在工件上与腔外温度显示计相连,监测工件的工作温度。脉冲负高压源连接在工件上,给工件施加负电位。所有导线与真空反应腔的导线位于同一位置密封。计算机控制激光器的参数设置、记录正电荷板上电荷变化情况和控制工作台支架的升降。
本发明方法具体步骤为:
1. 用砂纸磨除工件表面的氧化层并抛光,然后使用乳化剂、无水乙醇除油清洗;
2. 上升工作台支架到一定高度,从腔体上方把预处理后的工件固定夹紧在工作台上,在工件表面贴上温度传感器、侧部连上脉冲负高压源接头,然后下降工作台到工作高度,调节辐射加热器的位置,再把加热器、工作台支架与耐高压真空腔之间的接触部分密封好;
3. 在上玻璃板上贴上一层金属箔,然后把玻璃板盖在腔体上,金属箔向下,由密封板密封,再施力固定;
4. 封紧进气孔,用真空泵从抽气孔抽腔内气体,观察压力表,使内压达到10-4~10-1Pa;
5. 接通辐射加热器电源对工件加热,由温度传感器控制工件温度在600~800℃;正电荷板上接通通正电源,正电位3~5kv,工件上接通脉冲负高压源,负电位40~60kv,脉冲宽度50~100μs,脉冲重复频率50Hz;
6. 打开激光器,由计算机设置激光的能量、脉冲宽度、光斑直径等参数,激光冲击金属箔3次,待反应完成后,关闭所有电源,取下工件。
有益效果
本法明的有益效果为:
1. 使用激光气化电离金属箔产生等离子体作为离子源,清洁高效,快速获得金属离子;
2. 注入离子打到工件的速度快,速度由等离子体冲击波和电场作用叠加获得;
3. 用辐射加热器对工件辐射加热,加温可以增加离子强化层深度、提高注入层硬度和提高离子注入的质量和效率;
4. 克服了传统离子注入直射性问题,同时可以进行金属离子和非金属离子的注入,非金属离子注入时,从进气孔输入反应气体;
5. 装置运用了多种传感器和计算机系统,可以实时在线监测反应过程。
附图说明
图1本发明关于激光诱导等离子体注入工件表面的装置原理图。
图中:1大功率激光器,2聚焦透镜,3全反镜,4进气孔,5电荷接收板,6工件,7工作台,8辐射加热器,9密封板,10可升降工作台支架,11金属离子,12电子,13金属箔,14耐高压玻璃板,15中性粒子,16密封板,17脉冲负高压源,18电荷传感器及正电压源,19计算机,20抽气孔,21工件温度传感器,22压力计,23压力传感器,24腔体。
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图并使用实例详细说明本发明提出的方法和装置的细节及工作情况。
工件材料00Cr12耐热钢,用砂纸磨除工件表面的氧化层并抛光,然后用无水乙醇除油清洗;上升工作台支架(10)到一定高度,从腔体上方把预处理后的工件(6)固定夹紧在工作台(7)上,在工件表面贴上温度传感器(21)、侧部连上脉冲负高压源(17)接头,然后下降工作台到工作高度,调节辐射加热器(8)的位置,再把加热器、工作台支架与耐高压真空腔之间的接触部分(9)密封好;在上玻璃板(14)上贴上一层金属箔(13),然后把玻璃板盖在腔体上,金属箔向下,由密封板(16)密封,再施力固定;封紧进气孔(4),用真空泵从抽气孔(20)抽腔内气体,观察压力表(22),使内压达到10-2~10-1Pa;接通辐射加热器电源对工件加热,由温度传感器(21)控制工件温度在600~800℃;正电荷板上接通通正电源(18),正电位3kv,工件上接通脉冲负高压源(17),负电位60kv,脉冲宽度50μs,脉冲重复频率50Hz;启动大功率钕玻璃激光器(1),由计算机(19)设置激光的能量50J、脉冲宽度10ns、光斑直径8mm等参数,激光冲击金属箔,铝等离子体中的铝离子在冲击波和电场的双重作用下,以极大的速度运动到工件表面,实现离子注入,待反应5分钟后,激光再次冲击铝箔上其他部分以增加铝离子浓度,重复3次,待反应30分钟后,关闭所有电源,取下工件。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种激光诱导等离子体注入基材的方法,其特征在于,激光烧蚀金属箔诱导的等离子体作为离子源,通过电场的分离,其中金属离子在等离子体爆炸产生的冲击波和电场力的加速作用下,以极大的速度注入到加热工况下的基材表层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所示的一种激光诱导等离子体注入工件的方法,其特征在于,具体实施步骤为:
    (1) 用砂纸磨除工件表面的氧化层并抛光,然后使用乳化剂、无水乙醇除油清洗;
    (2) 上升工作台支架,从腔体上方把预处理后的工件固定夹紧在工作台上,在工件表面贴上温度传感器、侧部连上脉冲负高压源接头,然后下降工作台到工作高度,调节辐射加热器的位置,再把加热器、工作台支架与耐高压真空腔之间的接触部分密封好;
    (3) 在上玻璃板上贴上一层金属箔,然后把玻璃板盖在腔体上,金属箔向下,由密封板密封,再施力固定;
    (4) 封紧进气孔,用真空泵从抽气孔抽腔内气体,观察压力表,使内压达到10-3~10-1Pa;
    (5) 接通辐射加热器电源对工件加热,由温度传感器控制工件温度在600~800℃;正电荷板上接通通正电源,正电位3~5kv,工件上接通脉冲负高压源,负电位40~60kv,脉冲宽度50~100μs,脉冲重复频率50Hz;
    (6)打开激光器,由计算机设置激光的能量、脉冲宽度、光斑直径参数,激光冲击金属箔不同位置3次,待反应完成后,关闭所有电源,取下工件。
  3. 实施权利要求2所述的一种激光诱导等离子体注入基材的方法的装置,其特征在于,由等离子体发生系统、真空反应腔系统、工件系统和计算机(19)组成;
    等离子体发生系统包括激发高能短脉冲激光的大功率钕玻璃激光器(1),45°全反镜(3),聚焦透镜(2),激光烧蚀材料(13);
    真空反应腔系统包括:腔体(24)、进气孔(4)、抽气孔(20)、上玻璃板与腔体连接的密封板(16)、工作台支架、辐射加热器与腔体下端连接的密封板(9),电荷接收板(5)、电荷传感器及正电压源(18)、压力传感器(23)及压力计(22);所述腔体(24)为圆柱形密封腔体(24),上玻璃盖板为圆形,其直径大于腔体直径,所述上玻璃盖板与腔体之间通过密封圈密封连接;所述腔体(24)侧壁的一侧的上方位置有一个进气孔(4),相对称的另一侧的下方位置有一个抽气孔(20),抽气泵经由抽气孔(20)把腔体内抽成预定真空度;所述腔体(24)内壁上沿圆周均匀设置四块弧形电荷接收板(5),与腔体直径条垂直,相对的两块电荷接收板(5)上下错落布置;电荷传感器安装在电荷接收板上,正电压源连接在电荷接收板上,用来输入并控制正电荷接收板上的正电荷量;压力传感器(23) 位于腔体(24)底部,与腔外压力计相连,监测腔体(24)内压;腔体下方设有两个椭圆柱形脚架。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种激光诱导等离子体注入基材的装置,其特征在于,所述工件系统包括工作台(7)、辐射加热器(8)、工作台支架(10)、温度传感器(21)和脉冲负高压源(17);所述工件(6)定位夹紧于倒梯形工作台(7),所述工作台(7)下有升降工作台支架,通过改变支架的长度来控制工作台上下旋转角度满足斜面加工的要求;所述工作台支架(10)形状为圆柱形,与腔体通过弹性大密封圈密封;所述辐射加热器(8)位于工作台下方的凹陷部分,所述辐射加热器(8)圆柱部分与腔体下端由密封圈密封;所述温度传感器(21)安置在工件上与腔外温度显示计相连,监测工件的工作温度;所述脉冲负高压源(17)连接在工件上,给工件施加负电位。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种激光诱导等离子体注入基材的装置,其特征在于,所述计算机(19)控制激光器的参数设置、记录正电荷板上电荷变化情况和控制工作台支架的升降。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种激光诱导等离子体注入基材的装置,其特征在于,所述真空腔为透明耐高压玻璃。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的一种激光诱导等离子体注入基材的装置,其特征在于,所述辐射加热器(8)用辐射式加热方式,加热丝为钼丝,钼丝同一平面内平行均匀布置。
PCT/CN2011/077731 2011-05-11 2011-07-28 一种激光诱导等离子体注入基材的方法及装置 Ceased WO2012151789A1 (zh)

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