WO2012147157A1

WO2012147157A1 - Energy storage/supply apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2012147157A1
Application number: PCT/JP2011/060137
Authority: WO
Inventors: 石川　敬郎; 雅史能島; 島田　敦史
Original assignee: 株式会社日立製作所
Priority date: 2011-04-26
Filing date: 2011-04-26
Publication date: 2012-11-01
Also published as: JPWO2012147157A1

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a low-cost energy storage/supply apparatus whereby natural long-term energy fluctuations can be leveled out at a low cost, and a possible shortage of conventional energy can be compensated for. [Solution] An energy storage/supply apparatus (100), characterized by comprising: a hydrogen- and oxygen-production means (1031) for using natural energy to produce hydrogen and oxygen; a hydrogen storage/supply means (1021) for adding the hydrogen produced in the hydrogen- and oxygen-production means (1031) to a dehydrogenation element (1012) to produce a hydrogen storage element (1011), and desorbing the hydrogen from the hydrogen storage element (1011) to produce the dehydrogenation element (1012); and a heat supply means (1022) for supplying heat to the hydrogen storage/supply means (1021).

Description

Energy storage and supply equipment

The present invention relates to an energy storage and supply device.

In recent years, countermeasures against global resource depletion and environmental destruction have become major issues, and the construction of a zero-emission society using renewable energy is required. In order to solve such a problem, utilization of natural energy such as wind power and sunlight, energy that is not yet used in the natural world, and the like is promoted. However, for example, wind power, sunlight, and the like have large fluctuations in the amount of energy obtained depending on, for example, the season, time zone, etc., and when installing a large-scale power generation facility, it may be difficult to connect directly to the power system. Therefore, when using these natural energies, it is preferable to level the power using a storage battery such as a lead storage battery or a lithium ion secondary battery.

As an alternative energy to fossil fuels that can be stored, hydrogen that exists indefinitely in the natural world is attracting attention. For example, a method has been proposed in which hydrogen is produced from water by electrolysis of water using natural energy (for example, wind power, solar power, etc.) having a large fluctuation, and the obtained hydrogen is stored and supplied. . As a specific storage method, for example, a method has been proposed in which hydrogen is physically adsorbed on a carrier, compressed or cooled and stored in a liquid state, and then hydrogen is supplied as necessary. In addition, a method has been proposed in which hydrogen is chemically stored by reacting with natural gas or the like, and further hydrogen is supplied by a reformer or the like (that is, extracted and used outside).

As a technology related to these, for example, in Patent Document 1, in a hydrogen storage station in which a large amount of hydrogen is stored, hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage alloy, and the hydrogen storage alloy in which the hydrogen is stored is transported by a vehicle. A hydrogen supply system is described. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a hydrogen reaction apparatus provided with a heater for heating a hydrogen storage body or a hydrogen supply body before a hydrogen addition reaction or a dehydrogenation reaction, and for a hydrogen addition reaction in the hydrogen reaction apparatus. A hydrogen storage and supply system is described that includes a hydrogen supply device that supplies hydrogen to the battery and a power generation device that generates power using hydrogen generated by a dehydrogenation reaction in the hydrogen reaction device.

Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a hydrogen production device that produces hydrogen, a hydrogen compression device that compresses the produced hydrogen to a predetermined pressure, a hydrogen supply device that supplies compressed high-pressure hydrogen to a hydrogen consuming engine, Combustion turbine power generation device that covers part or all of the power consumed by the high-pressure hydrogen supply system, and a part of the amount of heat required for the dehydrogenation reaction using the high-temperature exhaust gas of the combustion turbine power generation device as a heat source A high-pressure hydrogen supply system is described that includes a heat exchanger that covers the whole.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-1212796 JP 2002-184436 A JP 2004-197705 A

For example, the amount of wind power generation is large in spring, but the demand for power is small, so it becomes surplus as natural energy. On the other hand, in summer, there is a large amount of natural energy generated from sunlight and the like, but the demand for power increases. Therefore, if the natural energy in spring can be stored and the power demand in summer can be supplemented, the natural energy can be used effectively and the grid power can be operated stably.

However, as described above, for example, natural energy such as wind power and sunlight has a large variation in the amount of energy obtained depending on the season, time zone, and the like. That is, the amount of natural energy varies instantaneously (short-term) and in the long-term, such as between seasons, although it depends on weather conditions. Therefore, it is preferable to level the power using the storage battery as described above. However, when storing natural energy, there is a problem that the storage density of natural energy tends to be low. Therefore, when trying to store natural energy for several days or months, an enormous storage battery capacity may be required, and there is a problem that an extremely large installation area of the storage facility may be required.

For example, depending on the technique described in Patent Document 1, a large amount of heat energy may be required for the dehydrogenation reaction. Therefore, there is a problem that the scale of the power generation device for supplying thermal energy may increase, or the fuel cost for supplying thermal energy may increase.

Furthermore, even with the technique described in Patent Document 2, for example, a large amount of thermal energy may still be required. Therefore, similarly to the invention described in Patent Document 1, there is a problem that the scale of the power generation device for supplying thermal energy may increase, or the fuel cost for supplying thermal energy may increase. There is.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an energy storage and supply device that can level out long-term natural energy fluctuations at low cost and can supplement conventional energy that may be insufficient. Is to provide.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by using hydrogen generated by electrolysis of water at least during storage of natural energy, The present invention has been completed.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an energy storage and supply device capable of leveling long-term natural energy fluctuations at low cost and supplementing conventional energy that may be insufficient.

It is a figure which represents typically the outline | summary of the energy storage supply apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which represents typically the specific structure of the energy storage supply apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. In the energy storage supply apparatus concerning a 1st embodiment, it is a figure showing typically the flow of energy at the time of storing natural energy. It is a figure showing typically the flow of energy at the time of supplying the stored natural energy outside in the energy storage supply device concerning a 1st embodiment. In the energy storage and supply apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment, it is a figure which represents typically the flow of the air at the time of reproducing | regenerating the catalyst in a hydrogen storage and supply apparatus. It is a figure which represents typically the structure of the energy storage supply apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which represents typically the structure of the energy storage supply apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment.

Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention can be arbitrarily modified and implemented without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[1. First Embodiment]
[1-1. Overview]
<Configuration>
First, an outline of the energy storage and supply device according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an outline of an energy storage and supply device 100 according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the energy storage and supply device 100 according to the first embodiment can store natural energy and supply it to the outside as electric power. The energy storage and supply apparatus 100 includes three systems: a fuel storage and supply system 101, a fuel storage and regeneration system 102, and a fluctuating power compatible water electrolysis manufacturing system 103.

(Fuel storage and supply system 101)
The fuel storage and supply system 101 includes a hydrogen storage body 1011, a dehydrogenation body 1012, and a generator fuel 1013. The hydrogen storage body 1011 and the dehydrogenation body 1012 form a pair, and dehydrogenation body 1012 is obtained by desorbing hydrogen from the hydrogen storage body 1011. On the other hand, the hydrogen storage body 1011 is obtained by adding hydrogen to the dehydrogenated body 1012. These hydrogen desorption and addition reactions are performed in a hydrogen storage and supply apparatus 1021 described later.

Since hydrogen is in a gaseous state at normal temperature and pressure, its density is small and its storage volume is enormous. However, by using the hydrogen storage body 1011 and the dehydrogenation body 1012, for example, hydrogen can be stored in a liquid state, storage efficiency can be increased, and loss of natural energy can be reduced. Further, since the hydrogen storage body 1011 is in a liquid state, there is an advantage that handling such as transportability becomes easy.

Such a hydrogen storage body 1011 is not particularly limited as long as hydrogen can be desorbed, but handling such as transportability is easy, the reactivity is higher, and the amount of desorbed hydrogen is high. From the viewpoint of many, compounds that are liquid at normal temperature and pressure are preferable, and among them, methylcyclohexane (corresponding dehydrogenated body 1012 is toluene), 2-methylnonahydronaphthalene (corresponding dehydrogenated body 1012 is 1-methylnaphthalene). ) And an alicyclic compound (corresponding dehydrogenated body 1012 is, for example, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of benzene, cyclohexene, cyclopentene, etc.), more preferably methylcyclohexane. Therefore, in the energy storage and supply apparatus according to the first embodiment, methylcyclohexane is used as the hydrogen storage body 1011 and toluene is used as the dehydrogenation body 1012.

However, a compound that becomes a liquid under the conditions for desorbing hydrogen from the hydrogen storage body 1011 and the conditions for adding hydrogen to the dehydrogenation body 1012 is also suitable, even if it is solid or gas at normal temperature and pressure. Can be used. Specific examples of such a hydrogen storage body 1011 include decahydronaphthalene (corresponding dehydrogenated body 1012 is naphthalene) and the like.

In addition, the hydrogen storage body 1011 may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types by arbitrary ratios and combinations. Moreover, the dehydrogenation body 1012 may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types by arbitrary ratios and combinations.

The generator fuel 1013 is a fuel for operating the generator 1022 described later. Therefore, the generator fuel 1013 varies depending on the type of the generator 1022, and examples thereof include gasoline, light oil, kerosene, heavy oil, biofuel, alcohol, city gas, natural gas, and liquefied propane gas. Further, the type of the generator fuel 1013 varies depending on the type of the generator 1022 as described above. For example, when the generator 1022 is a diesel engine, the generator fuel 1013 is usually light oil.

(Fuel storage and regeneration system 102)
The fuel storage and regeneration system 102 includes a hydrogen storage and supply device 1021 as a hydrogen storage and supply unit, and a generator 1022 as a heat supply unit.

The hydrogen storage and supply device 1021 manufactures the hydrogen storage body 1011 by reacting the hydrogen produced by the electric power from the natural energy and the dehydrogenated body 1012 in the water electrolysis apparatus 1031 described later when storing natural energy. It is. Heat necessary for this reaction (that is, addition reaction of hydrogen to the dehydrogenated body 1012) is supplied by the generator 1022.

In addition, the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021 uses the heat supplied from the generator 1022 when supplying the natural energy to the outside (that is, when supplying the natural energy to the outside). Also, hydrogen is desorbed from the product to produce the dehydrogenated body 1012. The obtained hydrogen is supplied to the generator 1022.

In addition, a catalyst such as platinum is provided inside the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021 in order to facilitate the above reaction. Although there is no particular limitation on the method for supporting the catalyst inside the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021, in the energy storage and supply device 100 according to the first embodiment, a material in which platinum is supported on alumina is used as the catalyst.

Such a catalyst can be produced, for example, by mixing platinum with an alumina thin film obtained by anodizing foil-like aluminum. Since foil-like aluminum has a small heat capacity, the catalyst can be easily heated, and the reaction rate can be kept high even in an endothermic reaction such as a dehydrogenation reaction. In addition, by using such a catalyst, the same catalyst can be used for desorption and addition of hydrogen.

The reaction conditions at the time of desorption and addition of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021 are not particularly limited. For example, the temperature at which hydrogen is desorbed from the hydrogen storage body 1011 is about 300 ° C. to 400 ° C., and the temperature at which hydrogen is added to the dehydrogenation body 1012 is about 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. be able to.

The generator 1022 uses the generator fuel 1013 to supply heat to the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021 and to generate electric power to be supplied to the outside. In the first embodiment, the generator 1022 is a diesel engine, for example, but any generator can be used as long as it can supply heat to the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021 using hydrogen and oxygen. As the generator 1022, for example, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, an oxide fuel cell, an engine generator in which a generator is connected to a power shaft generated by an internal combustion engine, a turbine generator, or the like can be used. These may be used in combination of two or more kinds.

Also, the generator 1022 is supplied with oxygen produced by a water electrolyzer 1031 (described later) during storage of natural energy. That is, as described above, when the natural energy stored as the hydrogen storage body 1011 is supplied to the outside, hydrogen using the hydrogen storage body 1011 is supplied from the hydrogen storage supply apparatus 1021 to the generator 1022. It has become. On the other hand, oxygen is supplied from the water electrolyzer 1031 when storing natural energy.

In the case where hydrogen (H ₂ ) is produced using methylcyclohexane (C ₇ H ₁₄ ) as the hydrogen storage body 1011 and toluene (C ₇ H ₈ ) as the dehydrogenation body 1012, the hydrogen storage and supply apparatus 1021 uses the following: The reaction is performed.
C ₇ H ₁₄ → C ₇ H ₈ + 3H ₂ −205 kJ (1)

As described in formula (1), when toluene is produced from methylcyclohexane (that is, when hydrogen is produced), the above reaction is an endothermic reaction. Therefore, as described above, the heat generated in the generator 1022 is supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021, and the reaction described in the formula (1) is advanced by the heat. Heat is generated by burning the generator fuel 1013. As described above, since the hydrogen produced in the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021 is supplied to the generator 1022, the supplied hydrogen is also burned. Can do.

That is, in the generator 1022, the amount of heat necessary to advance the equation (1) can be obtained by adding hydrogen to the generator fuel 1013 and burning hydrogen. Therefore, there is an advantage that the amount of generator fuel 1013 used can be reduced, and the power generation cost can be reduced when generating power using natural energy. Further, for example, when power demand is strong in summer, winter, etc., a large amount of power can be supplied to the outside.

In addition, the reaction of adding hydrogen to toluene, that is, the reaction in the left direction of the formula (1) is an exothermic reaction. Therefore, a certain amount of heat is required to advance the reaction, but a smaller amount of heat is required than in the case of the hydrogen desorption reaction (endothermic reaction). Therefore, oxygen is supplied to the generator 1022 and combustion of the generator fuel is promoted, so that a sufficient amount of heat can be obtained as compared with the case where oxygen is not supplied. Thus, by supplying the produced oxygen to the generator 1022, for example, the operation efficiency, the exhaust characteristics, etc. of the generator 1022 can be improved.

Note that the generator 1022 does not necessarily have to be activated at all times, and the remaining heat after the generator 1022 is stopped may be supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021.

(Water electrolysis hydrogen production system 103 for variable power)
The fluctuating power-compatible water electrolysis hydrogen production system 103 includes a water electrolysis apparatus 1031 and a power generation apparatus 1032 as hydrogen oxygen production means.

The water electrolysis apparatus 1031 produces hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water using the electric power obtained by the power generation apparatus 1032 (that is, using natural energy). The conditions at the time of electrolysis are not particularly limited as long as water can be electrolyzed to such an extent that hydrogen and oxygen can be produced. However, from the viewpoint of more efficiently producing hydrogen and oxygen, it is preferable to electrolyze (alkali electrolytic type) an aqueous solution containing, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like. Alternatively, electrolysis (solid polymer type) using a solid polymer electrolyte such as Nafion (registered trademark) may be used. Furthermore, electrolysis using a solid oxide (solid oxide type) may be employed.

As described above, hydrogen produced in the water electrolysis apparatus 1031 is supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply apparatus 1021 and oxygen is supplied to the generator 1022.

The power generation device 1032 converts natural energy from the outside into electric power. The specific configuration of the power generation device 1032 is not particularly limited, and may be set as appropriate according to the type of natural energy. For example, when sunlight is used as natural energy, the power generation device 1032 is a solar cell, a solar power generation system, or the like.

The type of natural energy is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sunlight, wind power, hydropower, and geothermal heat.

Each of the means described above is configured to be provided one by one in FIG. 1, but may be configured to provide two or more if necessary.

<Operation>
Next, in the energy storage and supply apparatus 100 having the above-described configuration, the operation of each unit when storing natural energy and supplying it to the outside will be described. Here, it is assumed that natural energy is stored as hydrogen in the spring in the summer when electricity demand is strong, and the natural energy stored as hydrogen is used as a fuel for power generation in summer when electricity demand is strong.

First, the operation during storage of natural energy will be described.

When natural energy is supplied to the power generation device 1032, the power generation device 1032 generates electric power. And the water electrolyzer 1031 electrolyzes water using the generated electric power, and produces hydrogen and oxygen.

Oxygen produced in the water electrolyzer 1031 is supplied to the generator 1022, and combustion of the generator fuel 1013 in the generator 1022 is promoted. Therefore, the generator 1022 can be operated efficiently, and as a result, power can be generated more efficiently than in the past. Further, the consumption of the generator fuel 1013 can be reduced.

On the other hand, the hydrogen produced in the water electrolysis apparatus 1031 is supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply apparatus 1021. Then, the hydrogen supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021 is added to the dehydrogenation body 1012 under predetermined reaction conditions, and the hydrogen storage body 1011 is manufactured. For this addition reaction, heat supplied from the generator 1022 supplied with oxygen is used. In this way, hydrogen and oxygen are produced from natural energy, and the obtained hydrogen can be stored using the obtained oxygen.
Incidentally, the heat for manufacturing the hydrogen storage body 1011 may be less than the heat for desorbing hydrogen from the hydrogen storage body 1011. This means that, for example, in the spring season, autumn season, etc., the power demand itself is small and the amount of power supplied to the outside is small, so that the amount of generator fuel 1013 itself is small. That is, both heat generation and power generation meet demand.

Next, the operation when supplying natural energy to the outside (that is, when using stored natural energy) will be described.

First, the hydrogen storage body 1011 is supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021. The generator 1022 that is operating using the generator fuel 1013 supplies heat to the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021. As a result, hydrogen is desorbed from the hydrogen storage body 1011 in the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021 to obtain hydrogen. The obtained hydrogen is supplied to the generator 1022 as described above. The generator 1022 can burn the hydrogen obtained together with the generator fuel 1013 and obtain hydrogen from the hydrogen storage body 1011 using a smaller amount of the generator fuel 1013 than when hydrogen is not supplied. Therefore, the generator 1022 can be operated using a small amount of generator fuel 1013 to generate power. In other words, by using natural energy, it is possible to generate power more efficiently than before. Again, heat generation and power generation meet the demand.

The energy storage and supply device 100 according to the first embodiment has the above-described configuration. In other words, the energy storage and supply apparatus 100 is configured to use the hydrogen and oxygen produced in the water electrolysis apparatus 1031 to make the electric power supplied to the outside meet the external demand. Therefore, for example, in spring and autumn when the amount of power demand is relatively small, hydrogen is produced by wind power generation or the like to store natural energy as a hydrogen storage body, and in summer and winter when the amount of power demand is relatively large, In addition, the shortage of power can be compensated by using natural energy stored in autumn. By doing in this way, appropriate electric power supply according to an electric power demand is attained throughout the year. Further, the use of the generator fuel 1013 can be leveled.

[1-2. Specific configuration]
Next, a specific configuration (for example, a configuration including piping, valves, and the like) of the energy storage and supply device 100 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a specific configuration of the energy storage and supply device 100 according to the first embodiment, and arrows in the diagram indicate the flow directions of the respective flow-throughs (liquid or gas). Yes.

As shown in FIG. 2, the energy storage and supply device 100 according to the first embodiment includes at least a power generation device 1, a water electrolysis device 2, a generator 3, and a hydrogen storage and supply device 4. 2 further includes a cooler 5, a methylcyclohexane tank (MCH tank) 6, a toluene tank 7, a pump 8, a flow meter / density meter. 9, a fuel tank 11, a water tank 12, valves V 21 to V 25 for adjusting the flow rate of each pipe, and a four-way valve D.

The power generator 1 is the same as the power generator 1032 shown in FIG. Therefore, the description is omitted.

The water electrolysis apparatus 2 is the same as the water electrolysis apparatus 1031 shown in FIG. Therefore, the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted. However, although not shown in FIG. 2, in the energy storage and supply device 100 according to the first embodiment, a plurality of water electrolyzers 2 are provided together with the control circuit. By adopting such a configuration, for example, on a sunny day, control is performed so that the power generation device 1 (solar cell) is connected to a large number of water electrolysis devices 2 to produce more hydrogen and oxygen. Can do. In addition, on a rainy day, the power generator 1 is connected to a small number of water electrolyzers 2 to ensure the minimum power required for water electrolysis so that hydrogen and oxygen can be produced more reliably. It becomes possible to control. That is, natural energy can be stored without waste.

The generator 3 is the same as the generator 1022 shown in FIG. Therefore, the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted. However, the generator 3 in the energy storage and supply device 100 according to the first embodiment includes an intake port (not shown), and is configured such that oxygen produced in the water electrolysis apparatus 2 is supplied to the intake port. ing. Further, the generator 3 is provided with an exhaust pipe 3a through which the generated high-temperature exhaust gas flows. The exhaust pipe 3 a is provided so as to penetrate the hydrogen storage and supply device 4, and heat can be supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 by allowing the high-temperature exhaust gas to flow through the exhaust pipe 3 a.

Further, as described above, the generator 3 according to the first embodiment is configured such that the oxygen concentration inside the generator 3 is larger than the hydrogen concentration because oxygen is supplied during storage of natural energy. ing. On the other hand, since hydrogen is supplied when natural energy is supplied to the outside, the hydrogen concentration inside the generator 3 is configured to be higher than the oxygen concentration.

The hydrogen storage and supply device 4 is the same as the hydrogen storage and supply device 1021 shown in FIG. Therefore, the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted. However, the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 according to the first embodiment includes a fuel supply port (not shown), and hydrogen produced in the water electrolyzer 2 is supplied to the fuel supply port.

Furthermore, the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 is provided with a supply port (not shown) for supplying methylcyclohexane and toluene, and the supply port is connected to the MCH tank 6 and the toluene tank 7 via a four-way valve D. Has been. Then, by operating the four-way valve D, methylcyclohexane or toluene is supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 through the supply port.

In FIG. 2, only one hydrogen storage and supply device 4 is provided. However, two hydrogen storage and supply devices 4 may be provided. By comprising in this way, it can provide as the hydrogen storage and supply apparatus 4 for adding hydrogen to a dehydrogenation body, and the hydrogen storage and supply apparatus 4 for desorbing hydrogen from a hydrogen storage body. Storage and supply can be performed simultaneously.

The cooler 5 is connected to the MCH tank 6 and the toluene tank 7 through the four-way valve D, the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 through the valve 24, and the generator 3 through the valve V25. . The cooler 5 cools a mixed gas of methylcyclohexane or toluene discharged from the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 (a compound discharged at the time of storage and supply of natural energy is different) and hydrogen. In addition, methylcyclohexane or toluene is in a liquid state. Then, methylcyclohexane or toluene in a liquid state is accommodated in an MCH tank 6 or a toluene tank 7 described later via a four-way valve D.

Thus, by providing a hydrogen separator such as a cooler between the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 and the MCH tank 6 and the toluene tank 7, the generator 3 can generate power more efficiently.

Note that even when the gas is cooled, hydrogen is still in a gaseous state, so that only hydrogen can be supplied to the generator 3 via the valve 25. The specific configuration of the cooler 5 is not particularly limited, and any known cooler may be used.

The MCH tank 6 contains methylcyclohexane as a hydrogen storage body. The MCH tank 6 is connected to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 through a four-way valve D by piping. A sensor (not shown) is provided inside the MCH tank 6 for managing the remaining amount and composition of methylcyclohexane.

The size of the MCH tank 6 is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined in consideration of the overall size of the energy storage and supply device 100, the installation area, the amount of methylcyclohexane accommodated, and the like. The material constituting the MCH tank 6 is not particularly limited, and a material that does not corrode or deteriorate due to methylcyclohexane may be arbitrarily selected.

The toluene tank 7 stores toluene as a dehydrogenated body. The toluene tank 7 is connected to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 through a four-way valve D by piping. A sensor (not shown) for managing the remaining amount of toluene and managing the composition is provided inside the toluene tank 7.

The size of the toluene tank 7 is not particularly limited as in the case of the MCH tank 6. Moreover, the material which comprises the toluene tank 7 is not restrict | limited in particular, What is necessary is just to select the material which does not corrode, deteriorate, etc. with toluene arbitrarily.

Further, in addition to the sensors for performing the remaining amount management and the composition management, the remaining amount management is also performed by measuring the supply amount and the recovery amount in real time by the flow meter / density meter 9. Moreover, by installing a liquid level sensor (not shown) in each tank, it is possible to prevent air from entering the hydrogen storage and supply device 4.

Furthermore, in composition management, the density difference between methylcyclohexane and toluene is measured by the flow meter / density meter 9, and the toluene composition in the flowing liquid is measured in real time. And in the energy storage supply apparatus 100 which concerns on 1st Embodiment, it controls so that toluene concentration may be 10 weight% or less at the time of natural energy storage, and it controls so that toluene concentration may be 90 weight% or more at the time of natural energy supply. is doing.

The pump 8 is provided in the middle of the piping from the MCH tank 6 and the toluene tank 7 to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4. As described above, the pump 8 supplies methylcyclohexane from the MCH tank 6 and toluene from the toluene tank 7 to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 via the four-way valve D and the valve 23. That is, the pump 8 has a function of supplying (transporting) each liquid from each tank to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4. The specific configuration of the pump 8 is not particularly limited, and any known pump may be used.

The flow meter / density meter 9 is provided in the middle of the piping from the MCH tank 6 and the toluene tank 7 to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 and measures the flow rate and density of each liquid transported by the pump 8. Specific configurations of the flow meter and the density meter are not particularly limited, and any known flow meter and density meter may be used.

The four-way valve D is provided in the middle of the piping from the MCH tank 6 and the toluene tank 7 to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4, and switches whether methylcyclohexane or toluene is supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4. Specifically, during storage of natural energy, the toluene tank 7 and the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 are connected via a pump 8 and a flow meter / density meter 9. Further, the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 and the MCH tank 6 are connected via the cooler 5. Further, when supplying natural energy to the outside, the MCH tank 6 and the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 are connected via a pump 8 and a flow meter / density meter 9. Further, the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 and the toluene tank 7 are connected via the cooler 5. That is, by operating the four-way valve D, it is possible to select whether to supply methylcyclohexane or toluene to the hydrogen storage and supply means 4.

The specific configuration of the four-way valve D is not particularly limited, and any known four-way valve may be used.

The fuel tank 11 is connected to the generator 3 by a pipe and accommodates the fuel of the generator 3 (generator fuel). A sensor (not shown) for managing the remaining amount of generator fuel is provided inside the fuel tank 11. Since the generator fuel is as described above, the description thereof is omitted. The specific configuration of the fuel tank 11 is not particularly limited, and any known fuel tank may be used.

The water tank 12 is connected to the water electrolyzer 2 by piping and contains water supplied to the water electrolyzer 2. A sensor (not shown) for managing the remaining amount of water is provided inside the water tank 12. The specific configuration of the water tank 12 is not particularly limited, and any known water tank may be used.

The specific configuration of the energy storage and supply device 100 according to the first embodiment is as described above. Next, the operation of each means will be described with reference to the configuration shown in FIG. First, the operation when storing natural energy in spring and autumn will be described.

For example, solar power or wind power is used as natural energy, and electric power is generated by the power generation device 1 (for example, a solar battery and a wind power generator). And water is electrolyzed in the water electrolyzer 4 with the generated electric power. The amount of water decreases as the electrolysis of water proceeds, but the reduced amount is newly supplied from the water tank 12 as appropriate.

Hydrogen produced in the water electrolysis apparatus 2 joins with toluene passed through the valve V22 through the toluene tank 7 through the four-way valve D, the pump 8, the flowmeter / density meter 9 and the valve V23. It is supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4. At this time, the four-way valve D connects the toluene tank 7 and the hydrogen storage / supply device 4 via the pump 8 and the flow meter / density meter 9, and connects the hydrogen storage / supply device 4 and the MCH tank 6. Yes. The hydrogen and toluene supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 undergo an addition reaction by the heat supplied from the generator 3 to produce methylcyclohexane.

Thereafter, the produced methylcyclohexane (in the gaseous state) and surplus hydrogen that has not been used for the addition reaction reach the cooler 5 via the valve V24 (however, when the supply amount of toluene is excessive, the surplus hydrogen is Does not occur.) In the cooler 5, methylcyclohexane is cooled to be in a liquid state, and the methylcyclohexane in a liquid state is accommodated in the MCH tank 6 through the four-way valve D. This methylcyclohexane is stored for summer and winter. On the other hand, even when cooled in the cooler 5, hydrogen in the gaseous state is supplied to the generator 3 via the valve V25. By doing in this way, even when hydrogen becomes surplus, natural energy can be utilized more wastefully.

On the other hand, the oxygen produced in the water electrolysis apparatus 2 is supplied to the generator 3 via the valve V21 and promotes combustion of the generator fuel (accommodated in the fuel tank 11) in the generator 3. As a result, power generation can be performed more efficiently. In addition, although combustion temperature becomes high by supplying oxygen, when it dislikes that combustion temperature becomes high, it is not necessary to supply oxygen.

Next, the operation when supplying natural energy to the outside in summer and winter will be described.

First, the generator 3 is started using the generator fuel supplied from the fuel tank 11. At this time, methylcyclohexane is supplied from the MCH tank 6 to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 through the four-way valve D, the pump 8, the flow meter / density meter 9, and the valve V23. At this time, the MCH tank 6 and the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 are connected via the pump 8 and the flow meter / density meter 9 by the four-way valve D, and the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 and the toluene tank 7 are connected. Yes.

The methylcyclohexane supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 is desorbed by the heat generated by the generator 3, and becomes a mixed gas of toluene and hydrogen in a gaseous state. Then, the mixed gas reaches the cooler 5 via the valve V24. The mixed gas that has reached the cooler 5 is cooled and the toluene becomes a liquid state. The toluene in the liquid state is stored in the toluene tank 7 through the four-way valve D, and the hydrogen in the gaseous state is supplied to the generator 3 through the valve V25. To be supplied.

Since the hydrogen supplied to the generator 3 is used for combustion, the amount of generator fuel from the fuel tank 11 combusted by the generator 3 can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently generate power with a smaller amount of generator fuel. Also, hydrogen can improve combustibility due to its characteristics.

The energy storage and supply device 100 according to the first embodiment has been described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The energy flow when storing natural energy using the energy storage and supply apparatus 100 and the energy flow when supplying natural energy are shown separately in FIGS. In addition, the catalyst function provided in the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 may deteriorate with time. In such a case, the catalyst function is restored by performing the catalyst regeneration operation. This operation is shown in FIG.

3 and 4 are obtained by dividing the one shown in FIG. 2 into a natural energy storage time and a supply time. Therefore, the description is omitted. 3 and 4, the heat exchange between the generator 3 and the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 is omitted.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, when the composition of the gas discharged from the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 is monitored and it is found that the catalyst performance of the catalyst provided in the hydrogen storage and supply device 4 has deteriorated, By appropriately supplying air to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4, the carbon adhering to the catalyst is oxidized and discharged as air containing carbon dioxide. By this operation, the catalyst performance can be restored to the initial state.

<Summary>
As described above, according to the energy storage and supply device 100 according to the first embodiment, natural energy can be stored without waste. In particular, for example, it is possible to appropriately respond to fluctuations in power demand between seasons, and leveling of output power and stable supply are possible. Furthermore, it is possible to generate power using natural energy without waste while suppressing the power generation cost as compared with the prior art.

[2. Second Embodiment]
In the energy storage and supply apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment described above, toluene is used as a dehydrogenation body. However, an example using an engine generator using toluene as a fuel further is an energy storage and supply according to the second embodiment. The system 200 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 6, the same reference numerals as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 denote the same components, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

However, in FIG. 6 and the following description, for convenience of illustration and description, the engine and the generator are provided separately. That is, what includes the generator 3 and the engine 14 shown in FIG. 6 corresponds to the engine generator as the generator 3 in FIG. Therefore, “supplied to the engine” in the second embodiment is synonymous with “supplied to the generator” in the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of the energy storage and supply device 200 according to the second embodiment. The basic configuration of the energy storage and supply device 200 is the same as that of the energy storage and supply device 100. Accordingly, differences from the energy storage and supply device 100 will be described below.

In FIG. 6, the solid line indicates the flow when supplying natural energy, and the dotted line indicates the flow when storing natural energy. Therefore, the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 can be suitably used for supplementing long-term energy such as weekly, monthly, and seasonal fluctuations.

The engine 14 is connected to the generator 3, and the generator 14 generates power when the engine 14 is driven. The engine 14 is supplied with oxygen from the water electrolysis device 2 and hydrogen from the hydrogen storage and supply device 4, as in the energy storage and supply device 100. However, in the energy storage and supply apparatus 200, toluene is also supplied from the toluene tank 7.

Toluene has an octane number of 120, which is higher than that of gasoline for spark ignition. When the octane number is high, knocking is less likely to occur, so the engine 14 can be operated under high compression ratio conditions, thereby improving thermal efficiency.

Furthermore, in the case of a general spark ignition engine, the compression ratio is about 13 at the maximum, but it is possible to operate at a compression ratio of about 15 by using toluene. In the case of a spark ignition engine, since the theoretical cycle is an Otto cycle, the higher the compression ratio, the better the thermal efficiency. For this reason, the power generation efficiency of the power generator 3 connected to the engine 14 is increased by using toluene generated by the dehydrogenation reaction (or used as a raw material). Further, by making the dehydrogenator and the generator fuel the same, it is not necessary to provide each storage tank separately, and the installation area of the energy storage and supply device 200 can be reduced. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to procure the dehydrogenator and the generator fuel separately, the procurement cost can be reduced.

The power stabilizer 13 stabilizes the power supplied from the power generator 1 and supplies it to the water electrolyzer 2. The specific configuration of the power stabilizer 13 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a rectifier, a converter, an inverter, a capacitor, and a storage battery.

The turbo 15 is provided by being connected to the exhaust system of the engine 14, and by using the supercharged exhaust pressure, it is possible to perform small and highly efficient power generation. Further, the heat generated in the engine 14 is supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply device 4, and the surplus heat is used as heat generated from the heater 18 as an external heat supply means. This heat can be used not only for heating but also for hot water supply. By doing in this way, the heat | fever discharged | emitted from the energy storage supply apparatus 200 can be utilized without wasting.

Further, exhaust gas is supplied from the engine 14 to the heating fresh water generator 16 via the turbo 15. Thereby, while using the heat | fever of exhaust_gas | exhaustion as the heat | fever of the heater 18, the water | moisture content contained in exhaust_gas | exhaustion can be returned to the water tank 12 via the filter 17. FIG. By comprising in this way, the quantity of the water consumed with the energy storage supply apparatus 200 whole can be reduced, and electric power generation cost can be reduced.

[3. Third Embodiment]
Next, the configuration of the energy storage and supply device 300 according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of the energy storage and supply device according to the third embodiment. The basic configuration of the energy storage and supply device 300 is the same as that of the energy storage and supply device 100. Accordingly, differences from the energy storage and supply device 100 will be described below.

As in the second embodiment, in FIG. 7 and the following description, for convenience of illustration and description, the engine and the generator are provided separately. That is, what includes the generator 214 and the engine 213 shown in FIG. 7 corresponds to the engine generator as the generator 3 in FIG. Therefore, “supplied to the engine” in the third embodiment is synonymous with “supplied to the generator” in the first embodiment.

The energy storage and supply device 30 according to the third embodiment includes a methylcyclohexane tank 201, a flow meter 202, a low pressure pump 203, high pressure pumps 204 and 205,

coolers

206, 206, 206, and 206, and an air supply port. 207, nitrogen supply port 208, hydrogen storage and supply device 209, cooler 210, toluene tank 211, hydrogen flow meter 212, engine 213, generator 214, light oil tank 215, radiator 216, The battery 217, the power generation device 218, the light oil pump 219, the injector 220, the air filter 221, the hydrogen oxygen production device (water electrolysis device) 223, and the trap 224 are configured.

Further, each device is connected by a pipe, and bubbles V1 to V18 for controlling the flow rate of gas or liquid flowing through each pipe are provided at the positions shown in FIG. However, the valves V9, V11, V15, and V16 have a function as a switching valve that controls the flow rate and switches the piping to be communicated.

First, the operation during storage of natural energy will be described.
Water is electrolyzed in the water electrolyzer 223 by the power generated by supplying natural energy to the power generator 218 and the power generated by the generator 214. Oxygen generated by electrolyzing water is supplied to the engine 213 through a valve V16 and the like. At this time, the valve V9 and the valve V18 are not communicated with each other, and the valve V15 and the valve V18 are communicated with each other via the valve V16. The combustion of light oil is promoted by the oxygen supplied to the engine 213. As a result, the generator 214 connected to the engine 213 can generate power efficiently.

The heat generated in the engine 213 is supplied to the hydrogen storage and supply device 209 and used for the addition reaction of hydrogen to toluene. In the hydrogen storage and supply device 209, methylcyclohexane generated by adding hydrogen to toluene is converted into a liquid state by the cooler 210 and then stored in the methylcyclohexane tank 201 via the valve V <b> 11 or the like. At this time, the valve V11 allows the cooler 210 and the methylcyclohexane tank 201 to communicate with each other, and the cooler 210 and the toluene tank 211 do not communicate with each other.

Next, the operation at the time of supplying natural energy to the outside will be described.
Basically, the reverse operation of the “operation when storing natural energy” is performed. Specifically, the valve V9 and the valve V18 are communicated with each other via the valve V16, and the valve V15 and the valve V18 are not communicated with each other. Therefore, oxygen produced by electrolysis of water is discharged from the valve V15 to the outside as surplus oxygen. Further, the valve V11 is configured such that the cooler 210 and the methylcyclohexane tank 201 are not communicated with each other, and the cooler 210 and the toluene tank 211 are communicated with each other. By switching each valve in this way, hydrogen desorbed from methylcyclohexane in the hydrogen storage and supply device 209 is supplied to the engine 213. As a result, the generator 214 connected to the engine 213 can generate power efficiently.

As described above, by operating the valve V16, hydrogen or oxygen is supplied to the engine 213 through a supply port (not shown) provided in the engine 213.

The energy storage and supply device 300 uses a diesel engine as the engine 213 connected to the generator 214 and uses the heat discharged from the engine 213 to advance the reaction by the hydrogen storage and supply device 209. By configuring the energy storage and supply device 300 as described above, the output of the electric power generated by the generator 214 can be increased, and furthermore, the light oil to be used can be reduced.

In the energy storage and supply device 300, an example in which a diesel engine is used as the engine 213 has been described. However, biodiesel oil can be used in addition to light oil as fuel for driving the diesel engine. As the engine 213, a gas engine can be used instead of a diesel engine. When a gas engine is used as the engine 213, for example, city gas, biogas, or the like can be used as a fuel for driving the gas engine.

1 Power generation device 2 Water electrolysis device (hydrogen oxygen production means)
3 Generator (heat supply means)
4 Hydrogen storage and supply equipment (hydrogen storage and supply means)
6 MCH tank (hydrogen storage body storage means)
7 Toluene tank (dehydrogenation storage means)
18 Heater (external heat supply means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Energy storage supply apparatus 200 Energy storage supply apparatus 201 MCH tank (hydrogen storage body storage means)
209 Hydrogen storage and supply device (hydrogen storage and supply means)
211 Toluene tank (dehydrogenated substance storage means)
214 Generator (heat supply means)
218 Power generation device 223 Water electrolysis device (hydrogen oxygen production means)
300 Energy storage and supply device 1011 Hydrogen storage body 1012 Dehydrogenation body 1021 Hydrogen storage and supply device (hydrogen storage and supply means)
1022 Generator (heat supply means)
1031 Water electrolysis device (hydrogen oxygen production means)
1032 power generator

Claims

An energy storage and supply device capable of storing natural energy and supplying it to the outside as electric power,
Hydrogen oxygen production means for producing hydrogen and oxygen using the natural energy;
A hydrogen storage and supply means for producing the hydrogen storage body by adding the hydrogen produced in the hydrogen oxygen production means to a dehydrogenation body, and producing the dehydrogenation body by desorbing the hydrogen from the hydrogen storage body; ,
Heat supply means for supplying heat to the hydrogen storage supply means;
With
When storing the natural energy, at least supply the hydrogen produced in the hydrogen oxygen production means to the hydrogen storage supply means,
An energy storage and supply system configured to supply at least the hydrogen desorbed in the hydrogen storage and supply unit to the heat supply unit when supplying the natural energy to the outside as power. apparatus.
The energy storage and supply device according to claim 1, wherein the heat supply means is an engine generator.
3. The energy storage and supply device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dehydrogenation body is toluene and the hydrogen storage body is methylcyclohexane.
The heat supply means comprises an inlet;
The energy storage and supply device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the oxygen produced by the hydrogen oxygen producing means is supplied to the intake port.
The hydrogen storage and supply means comprises a fuel supply port;
3. The energy storage and supply device according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen-oxygen producing means is supplied to the fuel supply port. .
In the heat supply means, the oxygen concentration is configured to be greater than the hydrogen concentration when storing natural energy, and the hydrogen concentration is configured to be greater than the oxygen concentration when supplying natural energy to the outside. The energy storage and supply device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising:
The hydrogen storage body is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of methylcyclohexane, 2-methylnonahydronaphthalene, and alicyclic compounds. The energy storage and supply device described.
The hydrogen storage and supply means is provided with a supply port through which the hydrogen storage body and the dehydrogenation body are supplied,
The supply port, the hydrogen storage body storing means storing the hydrogen storage body, and the dehydrogenating body storage means storing the dehydrogenated body are connected via a switching valve,
The structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydrogen storage body or the dehydrogenation body is supplied through the supply port when the switching valve is operated. The energy storage and supply device according to Item.
The heat supply means is provided with a supply port to which the hydrogen and oxygen are supplied,
2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen or the oxygen is supplied to the heat supply means by operating a switching valve connected to the supply port. The energy storage and supply device according to Item 2.
The structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electric power supplied to the outside is leveled using hydrogen and oxygen produced in the hydrogen oxygen production means. The energy storage and supply device described in 1.
3. The energy storage and supply device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat supply means is a turbine generator.
3. The energy storage and supply device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising external heat supply means for supplying heat to the outside.