WO2012146365A1 - Procédé permettant d'équilibrer au moins deux éléments d'accumulateur d'énergie électrique et dispositif d'équilibrage - Google Patents

Procédé permettant d'équilibrer au moins deux éléments d'accumulateur d'énergie électrique et dispositif d'équilibrage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012146365A1
WO2012146365A1 PCT/EP2012/001746 EP2012001746W WO2012146365A1 WO 2012146365 A1 WO2012146365 A1 WO 2012146365A1 EP 2012001746 W EP2012001746 W EP 2012001746W WO 2012146365 A1 WO2012146365 A1 WO 2012146365A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
storage cells
electrical resistance
balancing
receiving device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/001746
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Brunner
Christian SCHETTLER
Michael Roscher
Original Assignee
Thyssenkrupp System Engineering Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thyssenkrupp System Engineering Gmbh filed Critical Thyssenkrupp System Engineering Gmbh
Publication of WO2012146365A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012146365A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention is based on a method for balancing at least two electrical energy storage cells.
  • energy storage systems also referred to as batteries or accumulators
  • energy storage systems also referred to as batteries or accumulators
  • the number of energy storage cells connected in parallel also determines the storable charge quantity of the energy storage system, wherein the capacities of the parallel energy storage cells add up.
  • Such composed of individual energy storage cells energy storage systems are used for example for driving electric motors in vehicles use.
  • the increase in efficiency and the concomitant reduction in the emission of climate-damaging exhaust gases are decisive reasons for the development of new, alternative drive systems for a variety of possible applications, such as cars, trucks, ships, trains, etc.
  • the drive power so far mainly produced by internal combustion engines there is the possibility of electrification, ie by supplementing the internal combustion engine or the complete replacement by an electric motor, on the one hand to improve the efficiency of Bachaften drive system sustainably and also in traction applications regenerate any accumulating braking energy, conserve and possibly for the subsequent acceleration of the vehicle again To make available.
  • the electrical energy storage system - the battery or rechargeable battery - plays a key role in these applications for buffering or for providing the electrical energy.
  • CONFIRMATION COPY The parallel connection of individual energy storage cells in an energy storage system involves difficulties in that, due to manufacturing tolerances, different properties of the individual energy storage cells which formally have the same nominal data may occur. These different properties can result in particular in divergent voltages of similar energy storage cells. In addition, in the construction of energy storage cells in an energy storage system is not necessarily guaranteed that all energy storage cells have the same state of charge, and thus, the same cell voltage. If energy storage cells with different voltage are electrically connected in parallel, an equalizing current flows instantaneously from cell to cell.
  • the flowing battery current is equal to the current flowing through each of the individual energy storage cells.
  • the state of charge of the energy storage cells increases. If the energy storage cells have different states of charge in a series connection, the energy storage cell having the highest charge state at the beginning first reaches the state of full charge during charging. If the energy storage system is discharged, that energy storage cell with the lowest charge state at the beginning is completely discharged first. If an energy storage cell is completely charged or discharged, the charging or discharging process must be interrupted in order to avoid any damage to individual energy storage cells due to overcharging or overdischarging. The scattering of the charge states of the individual energy storage cells therefore determines the usable capacity range of the energy storage system formed from individual energy storage cells.
  • the scatter of the states of charge of the individual energy storage cells is therefore to be kept as low as possible in order to achieve the largest possible usable capacity of the energy storage system.
  • This object is achieved with a method for balancing at least two electrical energy storage cells by means of an adjustment device, which comprises the following steps: arranging the at least two energy storage cells in one
  • Recording device of the adjustment device in a first method step producing an electrically conductive connection between the at least two energy storage cells by means of a control device of the adjustment device in a second process step, modifying an electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection by the control device in a third step and removing the at least two energy storage cells the receiving device in a fourth process step.
  • a particularly simple and fast calibration of the two energy storage cells is made possible (also referred to as balancing or balancing).
  • This is achieved in that the energy storage cells are arranged in an accommodating device in an energy storage system prior to installation and here an electrically conductive connection between the energy storage cells is made so that compensating currents between energy storage cells with different voltage levels can flow in a controlled manner and the energy storage cells thus be brought to an equal voltage level.
  • the energy storage cells are simply removed from the receptacle and are prepared for installation in an energy storage system.
  • the change in the electrical resistance in the third method step has the advantage that, due to a high electrical resistance in the second method step, initially only a small compensating current can flow between the energy storage cells, which poses no danger to the energy storage cells or the contacts, and after the decaying of this compensation current the electrical resistance in the third process step can be lowered so that a faster balance is achieved because the compensation current increases by reducing the electrical resistance.
  • the energy storage cells preferably each comprise a single battery cell or a plurality of battery cells, which are interconnected, for example, in series and / or in parallel with each other.
  • the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection is modified time-dependent and / or as a function of a compensation current between the at least two energy storage cells, wherein the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection is preferably reduced as soon as possible the equalizing current falls below a threshold and / or as soon as a preset period of time has elapsed.
  • the reduction of the electrical resistance is thus automatically initiated when it is detected that a sufficient time for voltage compensation has already been made available, so that even with smaller electrical resistors no dangerously high compensation currents are more to be feared, or that the
  • Voltage compensation due to the low compensation current can be accelerated by using a smaller electrical resistance.
  • the electrical resistance is optionally in particular continuously or discontinuously depending on
  • the electrical resistance includes, for example, an active device, such as a field effect transistor, which is controlled accordingly. It is conceivable that the voltage at the "control gate” of the field-effect transistor for the modification of the electrical resistance between "source” and “drain” is wired accordingly, in this way a continuous reduction of the electrical resistance in the third method step can be achieved
  • the active component is preferably additionally connected in series with an ohmic resistance
  • Resistor a passive device, such as a selectively switchable and / or turn-off resistor, on.
  • a passive device such as a selectively switchable and / or turn-off resistor
  • the circuit complexity is thus particularly low and the
  • Adjustment device is particularly inexpensive to produce.
  • the electrically conductive connection is produced via a first electrical resistance and wherein in the third method step, a second electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection is switched on.
  • a second electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection is switched on.
  • third step added further second resistors as soon as the equalizing current falls below a further threshold and / or as soon as another preset period has expired.
  • the second method step first of all allowing a first compensation current to flow between energy storage cells via the first resistor, wherein the first resistor is selected to be so large that only a relatively small compensation current can flow even with large voltage differences between the energy storage cells ( and thus damage to the energy storage cells or their contact is avoided), wherein subsequently, ie in the third method step, simply the second resistor is switched on and thus the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection between the two energy storage cells is reduced.
  • the equalizing current decreases in the second process step with time, since the electrical voltages of the two energy storage cells with increasing time equalize, i. E.
  • the equalization of the electrical voltages is always slower at a constant electrical resistance.
  • the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection between the energy storage cells is reduced in particular, so that the equalizing current is increased again despite equalizing voltages.
  • the connection of the second electrical resistance or the bridging of the first electrical resistance thus results in that the adjustment process is on the one hand safer, since a larger first electrical resistance can be selected and thus flow smaller compensation currents at the beginning of the adjustment process, and on the other hand by the adaptation or Reduction of the electrical resistance in the third process step, the adjustment process is accelerated, without the need for the realization of complex (analog) circuit technology is necessary.
  • connection in the sense of the present invention means in particular that either the second electrical resistance is connected in addition to the first electrical resistance in the electrically conductive connection between the two energy storage cells, for example parallel to the first electrical resistance, or that the electrically conductive connection between the energy storage cells instead of only the second electrical resistance is switched over the first electrical resistance (the first electrical resistance is then disconnected when connecting the second electrical resistance of at least one of the energy storage cells). Also conceivable is a combination of switching on the second electrical resistance and bridging of the first electrical resistance, in that the second electrical resistance is connected in parallel with the first electrical resistance.
  • the first electrical resistor comprises a first ohmic resistance
  • the second electrical resistance comprises in particular a second ohmic resistance. It is conceivable that the second ohmic resistance in particular has a smaller electrical resistance than the first ohmic resistance (but this is not absolutely necessary).
  • the electrically conductive connection is made via a first electrical resistance and wherein in the third method step, the first electrical resistance is bridged.
  • the electrical resistance is also reduced by a simple bridging of the first electrical resistance, wherein the necessary circuit complexity for this purpose is comparatively low. It is conceivable that a plurality of first resistors are connected in series and in the third method step, the first resistors are successively bridged so that the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection decreases successively (in particular discontinuously).
  • the third method step further second resistors are switched on as soon as the equalizing current falls below a further threshold value and / or as soon as another preset period of time has elapsed.
  • the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection between the energy storage cells is thus successively reduced by the successive connection of the further second resistors in order to achieve the fastest possible balancing of the energy storage cells and at the same time effectively prevent the occurrence of excessively large compensation currents.
  • the energy storage cells in the second and / or third method step are additionally charged, discharged or reloaded.
  • the energy storage cells are thus not only matched with respect to their cell voltages, but also brought to a desired common voltage level.
  • the energy storage cells are for this purpose connected to a power source, while they are connected for the discharge process with a current sink or a load.
  • a plurality of energy storage cells are aligned and simultaneously connected to a power source or sink, so that the Plurality of energy storage cells are charged as quickly as possible to a common voltage level.
  • the energy storage cells are arranged in a receiving device in the first method step such that contacts of the energy storage cells are automatically contacted by further contacts of the receiving device and / or the energy storage cells are automated in the first method step by means of a conveyor the receiving device are arranged and / or taken automatically in the fourth step by means of the conveyor from the receiving device.
  • a comparatively faster and easier comparison of the energy storage cells is achieved, since the energy storage cells must be arranged only before the adjustment process in the receiving device and removed after the adjustment process again from the receiving device.
  • a process for connecting the energy storage cells can be completely eliminated.
  • the energy storage cells are preferably automatically arranged in the receiving device by means of the conveying device, wherein the energy storage cells in the receiving device are adjusted individually, in groups or together with one another.
  • the individual energy storage cells are automatically first arranged in the receiving device, then automatically assigned to energy stores (for example, strands of energy storage cells) by means of the assignment step, wherein subsequently in the adjustment process, the plurality of energy storage cells are aligned and preferably charged to a common voltage level.
  • the recording device thus represents a type of test stand combined with an assignment device and a charging or transfer device.
  • the energy storage cells After the energy storage cells have undergone the assignment, adjustment and / or charging process, they are automatically removed from the receiving device and then, for example, ready for the further distribution, for assembly into an energy storage system and / or for installation in a vehicle. It is conceivable that the energy storage cells are marked or registered when removing them from the recording device according to their assignment.
  • the at least two energy storage cells are brought to a substantially identical cell voltage level in the third method step and then an assignment of the energy storage cells to an energy storage system is performed depending on the respective cell voltage level.
  • the Energy storage cells are preferably assembled in a fifth process step depending on their assignment to an energy storage system and interconnected.
  • the assignment of the individual energy storage cells even after removing the energy storage cells from the receiving device in the fourth process step still allows identification of the individual energy storage cells to the extent that they were compared to which other energy storage cells they were adjusted or to which cell voltage level they were brought. Batches of mutually balanced energy storage cells can later be formed with this allocation information, from which a common energy storage system can be constructed, or unexpected energy equalization occurs when the energy storage cells are interconnected, for example during final installation in a vehicle.
  • a receiving device compatible with the at least two energy storage cells is selected prior to the first method step. Furthermore, in a further method step, which is carried out before or after the first method step, the receiving device is detachably coupled to the control device by means of a coupling unit.
  • the control device can preferably be coupled to a large number of different receiving devices, so that a suitable receiving device can be selected for each type of energy storage cell to be matched, the geometry of which is adapted to the type of energy storage cell. In this way it can be prevented that a separate control device is required for each type of energy storage cell.
  • the adjustment method is thus relatively inexpensive to implement.
  • a mapping step a plurality of energy storage cells are assigned to an energy storage unit, wherein preferably at least one cell parameter of each of the energy storage cells is detected in the allocation step and the plurality of energy storage cells are assigned to the energy storage unit depending on the cell parameters.
  • energy storage units for example as a subunit of a large energy storage system, are constructed from a plurality of individual energy storage cells (for example by series connection of the energy storage cells in one strand), there is the problem that the capacity of these energy storage units fluctuates greatly, since the capacities of the individual energy storage cells are subject to production-related fluctuations .
  • the capacities of these individual strands are as close to each other as possible, that is to say they have as little scattering as possible. This is achieved in that the energy storage cells are measured prior to assignment to the energy storage units and then assigned in dependence of these measurement data. In this way a particularly uniform assignment is achieved.
  • each strand (series-connected energy storage cells) has a very similar number of energy storage cells with particularly low capacity, so that not accidentally all energy storage cells with particularly low capacity are arranged in a single strand, whereby the capacity of the whole of several parallel switched strands composite energy storage system is significantly adversely affected by this strand with particularly many energy storage cells particularly low capacity.
  • individual energy storage cells with low capacity are connected directly in parallel to energy storage cells with high capacity, so as to obtain parallel cell units with the same possible cumulative capacity.
  • the cell parameters to be measured for example, the electrical capacity (Ah), the internal resistance, the output voltage or similar values of the respective energy storage cell come into question.
  • the assignment may be, for example, in a numbering of those energy storage cells, which should be combined into a strand in later steps
  • Another object of the present invention is an adjustment device for balancing at least two electrical energy storage cells, wherein the adjustment device comprises a receiving device for receiving at least two energy storage cells and a control device and wherein the control device is configured such that initially made an electrically conductive connection between the at least two energy storage cells and that subsequently the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection is modified.
  • the present invention thus advantageously enables a secure and fast balancing of at least two electrical energy storage cells with a calibration device that is as simple as possible, failsafe and cost-effective to implement.
  • An equalization of the voltages of a plurality of energy storage cells is possible in a simple manner by means of the balancing device according to the invention before the individual energy storage cells are assembled into an energy storage system.
  • a flow of equalizing currents between the energy storage cells during the assembly of energy storage cells connected in parallel is then prevented and moreover a maximum usable capacity of series-connected electrically Energy storage cells achieved in an energy storage system.
  • the receiving device is preferably detachably coupled to the control device, so that the adjustment device is universal and can be flexibly adapted to various types of energy storage cells.
  • only one receiving device has to be connected to the control device, which takes into account the external geometry of the energy storage cell to be adjusted.
  • the control device has a first electrical resistance and at least one second electrical resistance and wherein the control device is configured such that initially an electrically conductive connection is established between the at least two energy storage cells via the first electrical resistance and that for modifying the electrical resistance at least one second electrical resistance of the electrical connection is switched on.
  • the first electrical resistor preferably comprises a first ohmic resistor
  • the second electrical resistor preferably comprises a second ohmic resistor.
  • the connection of the second resistor is advantageously realized with a simple electrical switch, without the need for complex control.
  • control device has a first electrical resistance and wherein the control device is configured such that initially an electrically conductive connection is established between the at least two energy storage cells via the first electrical resistance and that for modifying the electrical resistance at least the first electrical resistance of the electrical connection is bridged.
  • the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection is also reduced by a simple bridging of the first electrical resistance, wherein the necessary circuit complexity for this purpose is comparatively low. It is conceivable that a plurality of first resistors are connected in series and in the third method step, the first resistors are successively bridged so that the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection decreases successively (in particular discontinuously).
  • the adjustment device has a measuring means for measuring a compensation current between the at least two energy storage cells and a comparator for comparing the compensation current with a threshold value, wherein the control circuit is configured to modify the electrical resistance, if the comparator detects that the compensating current is below the threshold.
  • the threshold value is preferably preset and is particularly preferably readjustable from the outside.
  • the measuring means checks that the equalizing current always remains below a critical current and an emergency shutdown of the balancing device is performed when the compensating current increases to a critical current to the energy storage cells from damage caused by excessive balancing currents, for example, if an energy storage cell is defective is to protect.
  • the balancing device has a timer and wherein the control circuit is configured to switch on the second or a further resistor if the timer detects that a time span has expired.
  • the control device only has to actuate a switch for switching on the second resistor and / or for bypassing the first resistor when the timer detects that the time span has expired.
  • the balancing device has both the measuring means and the timer and that in the third method step, the electrical resistance is changed or the balancing method is terminated when either the time period has expired or the equalizing current drops below the threshold value.
  • the receiving device further contacts such that in an arrangement of the energy storage cells in the receiving device, the further contacts come into contact with corresponding contacts of the energy storage cells, wherein the receiving device preferably each having a recess for receiving the energy storage cells and wherein the further contacts are particularly preferably arranged in a bottom region of the recess and wherein the further contacts are very particularly preferably spring-loaded in the direction of the recess.
  • the energy storage cells are thus automatically contacted in the arrangement in the receiving device, so that the fastest possible and simpler flow of the first and fourth process steps is possible.
  • the adjustment device has a conveying device for the automated arrangement of energy storage cells in the receiving device.
  • the conveyor is preferably a type of insertion machine, in which the energy storage cells are preferably arranged by means of a gripper, in the first step in the receiving device and in particular in corresponding recesses of the receiving device or taken out of the receiving device in the fourth step.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a balancing device according to an exemplary first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 a, 2 b show schematic side views of a balancing device according to the exemplary first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b show schematic views of a balancing device according to an exemplary second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows the course of a compensation current as a function of time in a balancing device according to the exemplary second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a balancing device according to an exemplary third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a balancing device 1 for balancing a plurality of electrical energy storage cells 100 according to an exemplary first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the balancing device 1 is used to receive a plurality of energy storage cells 100, which can be assembled into one or more energy storage systems in later methods, in a common device in order to test, balance, charge, discharge and / or recharge the energy storage cells 100 to make.
  • the balancing device 1 thus acts like a test bench with an integrated balancing and charging station.
  • the energy storage cells 100 are brought to a desired uniform voltage level before the redistribution by means of the balancing device 1.
  • the individual energy storage cells 100 are arranged in a receiving device 10 of the balancing device 1 in a first method step.
  • This first method step is carried out, for example, by means of a conveying device (not shown), preferably with a gripper, which automatically places the energy storage cells 100 in recesses of the receiving device 10.
  • the contacts of the energy storage cells 100 automatically come into contact with further contacts 30 of the receiving device 10.
  • the receiving device 10 can be coupled via a connection coupling 80 with a, not shown in Figure 1, central control device 90 of the balancing device 1, so that a control of individual arranged in the receiving device 10 energy storage cells 100 is made possible by the control device 90.
  • the control device 90 performs a comparison of the energy storage cell 100 in a second and third method step.
  • first subgroups of energy storage cells 100 are formed, each comprising a parallel and / or series circuit of a plurality of energy storage cells 100, in which case the interconnected subgroups are matched with each other, so that not all energy storage cells 100 individually adjusted Need to become.
  • the adjustment process is now carried out by the control device 90 as follows: First, in the second process step, an electrically conductive connection is established via an electrical load 95 between the energy storage cells 100. Since the various energy storage cells 100 generally do not have exactly the same charge state and thus not the same output voltage, the electrical load 95 now causes a compensation current 80 between the energy storage cells flow whose current depends both on the electrical resistance of the electrical load 95 and on the voltage difference between the energy storage cells 100. At the beginning of the adjustment process, the first electrical resistance is chosen to be sufficiently large so that the compensation current 80 does not become so great that it could cause damage to the energy storage cells 100 and / or to their contacts. With increasing adjustment of the voltages, the compensation current 80 decreases.
  • the electrical resistance of the electrical load 95 is reduced.
  • the compensating current 80 increases abruptly and the adjustment process is accelerated.
  • the electrical resistance is preferably reduced continuously or discontinuously when a certain amount of time has elapsed since the equalizing current 80 started to flow, or when the equalizing current 80 has reached or fallen below a lower threshold.
  • control device 90 additionally connects the energy storage cells 100 to a current source or a current sink during the adjustment process in order to charge or discharge the energy storage cells 100 to a desired target voltage in addition to balancing all the energy storage cells 100.
  • the balancing device 1 further comprises measuring means for checking the balanced energy storage cells 100 with regard to their cell parameters, such as output voltage, electrical capacitance, internal resistance or the like. After balancing, the adjusted energy storage cells 100 are preferably automatically removed from the receiving device 10 again by means of the conveyor. It is conceivable that the energy storage cells 100 are marked or registered according to their adjusted and adjusted cell voltage and / or the test results obtained by the measuring means, so that they can later be summarized, for example, in batches with the same cell voltages.
  • the energy storage cells 100 After the energy storage cells 100 have been removed from the receiving device 10, the energy storage cells 100 of the same batches, especially at their destination, installed and interconnected to larger energy storage systems, without the risk that at the final interconnection large equalization currents occur.
  • the receiving device 10 optionally has a cover (not shown in FIG. 1). on. It is conceivable that the cover is locked in the closed position when the adjustment process is performed and / or a fatal error is detected. In particular, it is conceivable that a lock takes place when too high a temperature is detected and / or excessive equalizing currents flow, so that any human operator of the balancing device is not exposed to any dangers.
  • the receiving device 10 is optionally further equipped with a temperature monitoring, wherein preferably each arranged in the receiving device 10 energy storage cell 100 is individually monitored for their temperature. It is conceivable that an emergency shutdown of the adjustment process takes place when the temperature of an energy storage cell exceeds a preset temperature threshold. In an analogous manner, it is conceivable that the receiving device 10 is equipped with a gas sensor (for example, hydrogen fluoride or carbon monoxide gas sensor) in order to monitor the energy storage cells 100 for possible gas emissions. Furthermore, it is conceivable that an overcurrent detection is implemented, which performs a forced shutdown of the adjustment process, if the balancing current between the energy storage cells 100 exceeds a predetermined current value.
  • a gas sensor for example, hydrogen fluoride or carbon monoxide gas sensor
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b show schematic side views of a balancing device 1 according to the exemplary first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the receiving device 10 is separably connected to the control device 90 via the connection coupling 80, so that the control device 90 can optionally also be coupled to other receiving devices 10.
  • the receiving device 10 can be designed to be movable and different receiving device 10 can be coupled to the control device 90 as required.
  • the control device 90 can thus always be coupled to a receiving device 10, which is adapted to the respective geometric external shape of the energy storage cells 100 to be accommodated.
  • a recess of the receiving device 10 is shown by way of example, into which an energy storage cell 100 can be inserted manually or automatically.
  • the energy storage cell 100 is automatically arranged in the recess, for example by means of the conveyor as part of the first process step.
  • the recess has two passage openings 20 in its bottom area.
  • another contact 30 for a positive pole and a negative pole the energy storage cell 100
  • the further contacts 30 are arranged such that they correspond to contacts of an energy storage cell 100 arranged in the recess.
  • the contacts of the energy storage cell 100 are pressed by the forces acting on the energy storage cell weight force on the elastically biased further contacts 30, whereby a low-resistance electrical connection between the contacts of the energy storage cell 100 and the other contacts 30 is formed ,
  • the cross-section and the shape of the recesses are preferably respectively adapted to the outer shape of the energy storage cells 100, so that energy storage cells 100 of different construction (for example cylindrical cells, prismatic cells, Coffeebag cells) can be inserted into the receiving device 10.
  • the geometry of the receiving device 10 is in particular designed such that the energy storage cells 100 are inserted only in a predetermined orientation in the recess, so as to specify the polarity of the contact (negative pole, positive pole).
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show schematic views of a balancing device 1 according to an exemplary second embodiment of the present invention, the connection within the balancing device 1 in particular being illustrated schematically.
  • a plurality of energy storage cells 100 are shown by way of example.
  • Each energy storage cell 100 is connected in series with an electrical load 95, wherein the individual strands of energy storage cells 100 and electrical load 95 are connected in parallel. If voltage differences now exist between the energy storage cells 100, compensation currents 80 flow between the individual energy storage cells 100, wherein the compensation currents 80 flow from the energy storage cells 100 with higher cell voltages to the energy storage cells 100 with lower cell voltages, so that after the adjustment, a mean voltage for all energy storage cells 100 established.
  • the electrical load 95 is controlled by the control circuit 90.
  • FIG. 3b shows a detailed view of one of the electrical loads 95 illustrated in FIG. 3a.
  • the electrical load 95 comprises a first electrical resistance 50 connected in series with a first switch 91, a second electrical resistance 51 connected in series with a second switch 92, and a third electrical resistance 52 connected in series with a third switch 93.
  • the strand first switch 91 and first electrical resistor 50, the string of second switch 92 and second electrical resistor 51 and the strand of third Switch 93 and third electrical resistor 52 are connected in parallel with each other.
  • the first, second and third electrical resistances are ohmic resistors, respectively.
  • the first, second and third switches 91, 92, 93 are controlled by the control device 90.
  • the first circuit 91 is closed by the control circuit 90, so that an electrical connection between the energy storage cells 100 illustrated in FIG. 3 a is produced.
  • a compensating current 80 now flows via the first ohmic resistance 50.
  • the first ohmic resistance 50 is selected to be so large that only a limited equalizing current 80 flows even in the case of large voltage differences between the energy storage cells 100, so that no damage to the energy storage cells 100 and / or or the contacts are threatening. With increasing voltage balance, the current intensity of the compensation current 80 decreases.
  • the control device 90 switches the second switch 92 in a second partial step of the adjustment process, as a result of which the second electrical resistance 51 is switched on. This reduces the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection between the various energy storage cells 100, so that the compensating current 80 increases abruptly. With a further voltage equalization between the energy storage cells 100, the equalizing current 80 decreases again over time. When the equalizing current again reaches another threshold or another period of time has elapsed, in a third partial step of the adjustment process the third switch 93 is switched by the control device 90, whereby the third electrical resistance 52 is switched on. The electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection between the energy storage cells 100 is thus reduced again and the compensation current 80 increases in turn abruptly.
  • the energy storage cells 100 are brought by the adjustment of the voltages to a common target voltage value or equalized by reloading the voltages of all energy storage cells 100. It is also conceivable that the equality of the voltages of the energy storage cells 100 is produced by these charged with controlled voltage sources during the adjustment process to a certain cell voltage (eg, 3.7 V in lithium-ion batteries), discharged or reloaded.
  • the resistance values of the electrical resistors 50, 51, 52 can vary and / or the effective ohmic resistance of the electrical load 95 can be varied by connecting 50
  • 51 II 52 can be varied. It is also conceivable that the electrical load 95 has additional ohmic resistors which can be switched by further switches, in which case the further switches are switched by the control device 90 in an analogous manner as the second and third switches 92, 93.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the profile of the compensation current 80 as a function of time in a balancing device 1 according to the exemplary second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a diagram in which the course of the compensation current 80 in the first, second and third steps of the adjustment process is shown, wherein the abscissa is the time and the ordinate the current is plotted.
  • the electrically conductive connection between the energy storage cells 100 is established via the first electrical resistor 50.
  • the equalizing current 80 between the energy storage cells 100 increases abruptly and decreases due to the increasing voltage balance between the energy storage cells 100 over time.
  • the electrical resistance of the series-connected electrical load 95 is reduced by connecting the second resistor 51, whereby the flowing compensating current 80 increases abruptly.
  • the equalizing current 80 thereby increases again by leaps and bounds. In this way, the compensating current flowing in the temporal mean is controlled and the equality of the voltages of the energy storage cells 100 is achieved in a comparatively short time and with little circuit complexity.
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the electrical load 95 of a balancing device 1 according to an exemplary third embodiment of the present invention, the third embodiment being substantially similar to the second embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3b, the electrical load 95 being represented here by a series connection of the first, second and third electrical resistance 50, 51, 51, wherein the first electrical resistance 50 of the first switch 91, the second electrical resistance 51 of the second switch 92 and the third electrical resistance 52 of the third switch 93 can be bridged.
  • the control circuit 90 in turn switches the first switch 91 in the first partial step, the second switch 92 in the second partial step and the third switch 93 in the third partial step, as a result of which the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive connection between the energy storage cells 100 is reduced successively.
  • the electrical load 95 preferably has a safety resistor 53 with a low electrical Resistance on, which is constantly switched on.
  • FIG. 6 also shows a flow diagram of the method for balancing at least two electrical energy storage cells 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the adjustment process is started, so that a compensation current 80 between at least two electrical energy storage cells 100 begins to flow as a function of the differences in the cell voltages of the energy storage cells 100.
  • a second step 201 it is constantly monitored whether the compensation current 80 remains below a safety threshold. If the safety threshold is exceeded, this is an indication of a defective energy storage cell 100 or a defect in the adjustment device 1. The adjustment process is then emergency shut in a third step 202. If the safety threshold is not exceeded, the adjustment process continues.
  • a fourth step 203 it is constantly checked whether, until the lapse of a predetermined period of time, the compensating current 80 drops below a predetermined threshold value by the electrical load 95, in particular after passing through the first, second and / or third substep. If the threshold value is not reached within the period of time, a complete adjustment of the energy storage cells 100 is not possible and in a fifth step 204, an error signal is generated and the adjustment process is interrupted. If an adjustment is not possible, this is an indication that there is a defective energy storage cell 100 or an energy storage cell 100 of inferior quality in the receiving device 10. In a sixth step 205, this energy storage cell 100 is located and exchanged. The matching procedure will then be restarted.
  • the threshold is reached within the predetermined period of time, this is a measure that the energy storage cells 100 are completely balanced and the adjustment process is ended in a seventh step 206.
  • batches are formed from the energy storage cells 100 in an eighth step 207, which are characterized in that all energy storage cells 100 located in a batch were set to the same target cell voltage in the adjustment process.
  • modules are assembled in a ninth step, ie energy storage systems are constructed, which are composed of a plurality of energy storage cells 100 and in particular of a plurality of energy storage cells 100 of a batch.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé permettant d'équilibrer au moins deux éléments d'accumulateur d'énergie électrique au moyen d'un dispositif d'équilibrage, qui comporte les étapes suivantes : mise en place des deux éléments d'accumulateur d'énergie dans un dispositif récepteur du dispositif d'équilibrage lors d'une première étape, réalisation d'une liaison électro-conductrice entre les deux éléments d'accumulateur d'énergie au moyen d'un dispositif de commande du dispositif d'équilibrage lors d'une deuxième étape, modification, par le dispositif de commande, d'une résistance électrique de la liaison électro-conductrice lors d'une troisième étape et sortie des deux éléments d'accumulateur d'énergie du dispositif récepteur lors d'une quatrième étape.
PCT/EP2012/001746 2011-04-29 2012-04-24 Procédé permettant d'équilibrer au moins deux éléments d'accumulateur d'énergie électrique et dispositif d'équilibrage WO2012146365A1 (fr)

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DE102011100151.8 2011-04-29
DE102011100151.8A DE102011100151B4 (de) 2011-04-29 2011-04-29 Verfahren zum Abgleichen wenigstens zweier elektrischer Energiespeicherzellen und Abgleichvorrichtung

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GB2522242A (en) * 2014-01-20 2015-07-22 Nokia Technologies Oy Additional battery pack
ES2913252T3 (es) 2016-05-13 2022-06-01 Vito Nv Procedimiento y aparato de un sistema de gestión modular para celdas de almacenamiento de energía
KR102372385B1 (ko) * 2019-01-03 2022-03-07 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 배터리 밸런싱을 위한 장치 및 그것을 포함하는 배터리팩
EP4016786A1 (fr) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-22 Volvo Truck Corporation Système de charge pour un stockage d'énergie dans un véhicule et procédé de commande du système de charge
DE102021204912A1 (de) 2021-05-14 2022-11-17 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Entladevorrichtung und Entladeverfahren zum Entladen einer Vielzahl von Batteriezellen mit unbekanntem Ladungszustand
DE102021204914A1 (de) 2021-05-14 2022-11-17 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Entladevorrichtung mit einem Kurzschlusselement und Entladeverfahren

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DE10101542A1 (de) * 2000-09-25 2002-04-11 Amita Technologies Inc Ltd Vorrichtung zum Spannungsabgleich an einer in Reihe geschalteten Akkumulatoranordnung und Verfahren dafür
JP2002369400A (ja) * 2001-06-11 2002-12-20 Yazaki Corp 組電池の充電状態調整装置及びその方法
EP2043219A1 (fr) * 2006-08-04 2009-04-01 Panasonic Corporation Dispositif de stockage de l'electricite

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WO1993010589A1 (fr) * 1991-11-20 1993-05-27 Silent Power Gmbh Für Energiespeichertechnik Appareil et procede pour equilibrer la charge de sous-unites d'une batterie
US5644209A (en) * 1993-11-23 1997-07-01 Thomson-Csf Method and device for monitoring and for dynamically balancing a storage battery pack
DE10101542A1 (de) * 2000-09-25 2002-04-11 Amita Technologies Inc Ltd Vorrichtung zum Spannungsabgleich an einer in Reihe geschalteten Akkumulatoranordnung und Verfahren dafür
JP2002369400A (ja) * 2001-06-11 2002-12-20 Yazaki Corp 組電池の充電状態調整装置及びその方法
EP2043219A1 (fr) * 2006-08-04 2009-04-01 Panasonic Corporation Dispositif de stockage de l'electricite

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