WO2012146159A1 - 基于封闭式循环流化床的水基包衣控释肥料制备方法及其设备 - Google Patents

基于封闭式循环流化床的水基包衣控释肥料制备方法及其设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012146159A1
WO2012146159A1 PCT/CN2012/074564 CN2012074564W WO2012146159A1 WO 2012146159 A1 WO2012146159 A1 WO 2012146159A1 CN 2012074564 W CN2012074564 W CN 2012074564W WO 2012146159 A1 WO2012146159 A1 WO 2012146159A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating
air
fluidized bed
fertilizer
closed
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PCT/CN2012/074564
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杜昌文
申亚珍
周健民
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中国科学院南京土壤研究所
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Application filed by 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 filed Critical 中国科学院南京土壤研究所
Priority to US14/388,817 priority Critical patent/US9561988B2/en
Publication of WO2012146159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012146159A1/zh

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • C05G5/37Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/004Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area comprising sensors for monitoring the delivery, e.g. by displaying the sensed value or generating an alarm
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of coated controlled release fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing water-based coated controlled release fertilizer by using a closed large-scale numerical control fluidized bed, and the equipment used in the preparation method: closed type with fluidization Large CNC fluidized bed coating machine for drying towers.
  • Controlled-release fertilizers can effectively improve nutrient utilization, save labor, and reduce environmental stress. They are widely used in horticultural plants and cash crops. The production and technology of slow-release composite fertilizers in China are lagging behind. The research on high-efficiency and low-cost equipment is almost blank, which slows down the promotion process of slow-release fertilizers in the market.
  • drum type coating machines there are mainly two types of drum type coating machines and fluidized bed coating machines.
  • the internal materials of the drum type coating machine are mutually squeezed, which is easy to stick, and it is easy to break the film layer when separating.
  • the material in the coating cavity is in a disorderly state of motion, the coating is uneven, and the coating material is wasted.
  • the materials in the system are in an unsealed state, the thermal efficiency is lowered, and the organic solvent is easily leaked, and the recovery is inconvenient.
  • the fluidized bed coating machine coating is a more advanced coating equipment.
  • the spray outlet has no adhesion, and the mist particles reach a short surface distance of the particles, which is beneficial to the flow.
  • the fog particles spread on the surface of the particles, saving the coating material, and the opportunity to contact the fog particles at any angle on the surface of the particles is equal, ensuring that the envelope is continuous, dense, and uniform in thickness.
  • the fluidized bed coating technology has been around for many years, the principle of coating has been relatively mature, but there are still many practical problems in the production of coated fertilizers.
  • the current coated fertilizers are mainly coated with organic solvents, so the current The fluidized bed cannot accommodate water-based coatings.
  • the outside air is heated by the steam heat exchanger, enters the main tower of the coating machine in the form of hot air, and passes through the bottom of the fluidized bed from bottom to top, taking away the moisture of the coating emulsion, and finally The exhaust air is discharged by the induced draft fan.
  • This open system wastes heat, especially when used for large-scale coatings, where there is a large amount of airflow, and sometimes there is no way to achieve the required inlet air temperature.
  • the equipment used in this preparation method a closed large-scale numerically controlled fluidized bed coater with a fluidized drying tower.
  • the invention designs a closed air circulation system to bring out the humid air of the induced draft fan through the cyclone separator and the dehumidification treatment of the fluidized drying tower, and then enters the main tower of the coating machine again, thereby realizing the recycling of the hot air and reducing the air. Heat consumption.
  • the solution to accomplish the above inventive task is a method for producing a water-based coated controlled release fertilizer by using a closed large-scale numerically controlled fluidized bed, characterized in that the steps are as follows.
  • the water-based coating liquid is sent to the spray gun at the bottom of the main tower of the fluidized bed coating machine by peristaltic pumping under constant stirring;
  • the granular fertilizer is placed in a centrifugal shaker for sieving treatment, and the granular fertilizer of a suitable particle size is collected into the drum.
  • the granular fertilizer is urea, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or the like. It can be a single fertilizer or a compound fertilizer and a granulated homogeneous inorganic organic compound fertilizer.
  • the fertilizer in each coating cavity is between 300kg and 700kg;
  • the heating button to set the coating parameters such as inlet air temperature, outlet air temperature, atomization pressure, fluidization pressure, and coating time.
  • the air inlet temperature of the coating machine directly affects the coating quality. If the temperature is too high, the droplets spread poorly on the surface of the particles, and the coating material is wasted; The temperature is too low because the drying does not completely cause adhesion.
  • the inlet air temperature must be set according to the water content and glass transition temperature of the coating material without properties.
  • the general inlet air temperature is set to 30 ° C ⁇ 150 ° C;
  • the coating liquid described therein comprises one or more of an acrylate and a copolymer emulsion thereof, a styrene and copolymer emulsion thereof, a vinyl acetate and a copolymer emulsion thereof.
  • the coating formed by the coating emulsion accounts for 3% to 15% of the granular fertilizer, and the entire coating time is 1 to 3 hours.
  • the air coming out of the coating chamber contains impurities and moisture, and first enters the cyclone to remove impurities.
  • the cyclone is a large inverted cone design. The air volume under the cyclone is large, and the air volume drops sharply. And the impurities are precipitated to achieve the purpose of collecting impurities;
  • the air coming out of the cyclone contains high humidity and enters the fluidized drying tower for dehumidification.
  • the fluidized drying tower is filled with a silica gel desiccant having a particle size of 3 mm to 30 mm. The larger the desiccant particle size, the smaller the effect on the air volume.
  • the drying tower is a fluidized bed, which can realize the automatic feeding and discharging of the desiccant, prolong the contact time of the desiccant and the moist hot air, increase the drying capacity, and have little influence on the air volume.
  • the dehumidified hot air enters the coating chamber again under the action of the induced draft fan, and the fluidized fertilizer particles take away the emulsion moisture to form a closed circulation system;
  • the solution for accomplishing the second object of the present application is the apparatus used in the above method for producing a controlled release fertilizer: a closed large-scale numerically controlled fluidized bed coating machine characterized by optimizing an ordinary open fluidized bed coating machine In a closed type, with a drying tower and cyclone separator, a circulating condensate device in the spray gun, a large numerical control fluidized bed coating machine with automatic injection system and intelligent control system.
  • the closed air circulation system is designed to bring the humid air out of the induced draft fan through the cyclone separator and the fluidized drying tower to dehumidify and then enter the main tower of the coating machine again, realizing the recycling of hot air and reducing Heat consumption.
  • the enclosed air circulation system is provided with a moisture absorbing device to remove moisture from the coating emulsion.
  • the dehumidification device involved is a drying tower equipped with large-grain silica gel, and the air is again dehumidified and then enters the main tower of the coating machine.
  • the dehumidification device has a repeated dehumidification function.
  • the silica gel reaches water saturation
  • the inlet of the fluidized bed coating machine is opened, the closed system is turned into an open system, and the silica gel is directly heated and dried without adding materials.
  • the fluidized bed design of the drying tower can
  • the automation of the desiccant feed can also increase the contact time of the desiccant and the moist hot air, increase the drying capacity, and most importantly, it has little effect on the air volume.
  • a cyclone separator removal mechanism is provided in the closed air circulation system to precipitate debris in the circulation system. The impurities are removed periodically to reduce the coating load and increase the uniformity of the coating.
  • Condensate circulation device is installed in the coating liquid pipeline (including the emulsion spray gun and its pipeline) to reduce the clogging of the spray gun in the high temperature spray gun, which broadens the scope of application of the coating material, especially some glasses.
  • a coating material with a lower temperature is installed in the coating liquid pipeline (including the emulsion spray gun and its pipeline) to reduce the clogging of the spray gun in the high temperature spray gun, which broadens the scope of application of the coating material, especially some glasses.
  • the automatic feed material system is designed, including automatic feeding of granular fertilizer and desiccant, which greatly saves the labor and improves the coating efficiency, and truly realizes the fully automated coating process.
  • the structure of the automatic feed system is: a fan is arranged in the coating machine system, the inside of the coating chamber of the fluidized bed is set to a negative pressure, and the inlet valve and the fan switch are connected to the automatic control mechanism.
  • An intelligent control system is provided, wherein the intelligent control system is provided with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a feed control valve, a discharge control valve, an atomization pressure valve, a fluidization pressure valve, and a coating speed control valve, the temperature
  • the sensor, humidity sensor, feed control valve, discharge control valve, atomizing pressure valve, fluidizing pressure valve, and coating speed control valve are connected to the control computer to realize intelligent control of various coating parameters. , improved reproducibility of operation and control.
  • the control area is computer controlled. Through DLC programming, various coating parameters can be set on the interface to dynamically and continuously control the coating process and meet the online printout of each parameter, and can be transmitted through a camera mounted in a fluidized bed coating chamber. Real-time monitoring of the condition of the coating on the computer screen, and real-time understanding of the drying capacity of the desiccant in the data of the hygrometer installed in the fluidized drying tower.
  • the present invention has taken various effective approaches in accordance with the problems existing in the prior art.
  • One is to use a closed air circulation system to reduce energy consumption and improve heating efficiency.
  • a drying tower equipped with a large particle silica gel is used as a moisture absorbing device, which can be used for repeated moisture absorption.
  • the third is to design a condensate circulation device in the emulsion spray gun pipe to prevent the emulsion from solidifying in the high temperature spray gun, causing the spray gun to clog and broaden the application range of the coating material, especially some coating materials with lower glass transition temperature.
  • the fourth is to design an automatic feed system, including granular fertilizer and automatic feed desiccant automatic feeding, which greatly saves the labor and improves the coating efficiency, and truly realizes the fully automated coating process.
  • the fifth is to design a cyclone to precipitate debris in the circulatory system. The impurities are periodically removed to reduce the coating load and increase the uniformity of the coating.
  • Sixth the intelligent control of various coating parameters is realized, and the reproducibility of operation and control is improved.
  • the control area is computer controlled. Through the DLC programming, various coating parameters can be set on the interface to dynamically and continuously control the coating process and meet the online printout of each parameter, and can be transmitted through the camera installed in the fluidized bed coating cavity.
  • the status of the coating is monitored in real time on the computer screen, and the desiccant drying capacity is known in real time at the data of the hygrometer installed in the drying tower.
  • the optimized closed large-scale fluidized bed coating machine saves energy and environmental protection, reduces labor consumption, improves the reproducibility of the coating process, and broadens the scope of application of coating materials to meet the technical requirements of the large-scale coating industry. .
  • the invention can be implemented by the following measures:
  • the specific process of optimizing a common open fluidized bed into a closed large-scale numerically controlled fluidized bed based on water-based coated controlled release fertilizer includes a closed system, a powerful dehumidification device, circulating condensate in the spray gun, automatic feeding and discharging system, Design and optimization of six aspects of cyclone removal and intelligent control.
  • the traditional open fluidized bed coating machine enters the main tower of the coating machine in the form of hot air after filtering and heating the outside cold air, taking away the moisture of the coating emulsion and then the induced draft fan. Bring out the system.
  • This open system requires constant heating of cold air in the large coating industry, which not only wastes a lot of heat energy, but also makes it difficult to reach the preset inlet air temperature in the cold winter and the coating liquid is not dried in time. The adhesion is generated.
  • a closed air circulation system is designed to bring the air from the induced draft fan out through the sedimentation impurity treatment and the dehumidification treatment of the drying tower to re-enter the main tower of the coating machine, thereby realizing the recycling of hot air and reducing the energy consumption.
  • the dehumidifying device involved is a fluidized drying tower equipped with large-grain silica gel, and the dehumidifying device has a repeated dehumidifying function.
  • the silica gel reaches water saturation without dehumidifying function the inlet of the fluidized bed coating machine is opened.
  • the closed system is turned into an open system, and the silica gel is directly heated and dried without adding materials. After restoring the dehumidification function, close the inlet and change the open system to a closed system.
  • the dehumidified hot air enters the coating chamber fluidized fertilizer granules again under the action of the induced draft fan, taking away the milk moisture.
  • the fluidized bed design of the drying tower not only enables the automation of the desiccant feed, but also prolongs the contact time of the desiccant and the moist hot air, increases the drying capacity, and most importantly, has little effect on the air volume.
  • the desiccant is a silica gel desiccant having a particle diameter of 3 mm to 30 mm. The larger the desiccant particle size, the smaller the effect on the air volume.
  • the water-based coating emulsion is sent to the spray gun at the bottom of the fluidized bed through a sample pump with a peristaltic pump. After being atomized by compressed air, it is sprayed on the surface of the fertilizer particles.
  • many coating materials with lower glass transition temperature are at high temperature. It is easy to stick and solidify in the environment, causing the gun to clog.
  • a circulating condensate unit is installed in the emulsion spray gun pipe to reduce the emulsion solidification in the high temperature spray gun, which broadens the scope of application of the coating material.
  • the coating machine automates the feeding of the coating material and the desiccant.
  • the system is closed; when the machine needs to enter the fertilizer, close the air inlet behind the coating chamber, open the inlet and the fan, and make the fluidized bed coating
  • a negative pressure is formed in the cavity to draw the fertilizer into the coating chamber.
  • the desiccant is needed, the air outlet of the drying tower is closed, the feed port of the desiccant and the fan are opened, a negative pressure is formed in the drying tower, and the desiccant is sucked into the cavity.
  • the automatic feed system designed with negative pressure greatly saves labor, improves coating efficiency, and truly realizes an automated coating process.
  • the coating emulsion solidifies in the air to produce debris, and the desiccant also breaks up during the long-term fluidized collision to produce impurities, using a cyclone removal system to precipitate debris in the system.
  • the cyclone separator is a large inverted cone design. The air volume under the cyclone is very large, and the air volume drops sharply to precipitate the impurities to collect impurities. The impurities are periodically removed to reduce the coating load and increase the uniformity of the coating.
  • the intelligent control area includes a control host and a computer interface connected thereto, and various coating parameters can be set on the interface to dynamically and continuously control the coating process.
  • the control area can control the coating parameters through various parts of the coating machine, such as adjusting the atomization state of the coating liquid through the pressure valve that controls the atomization pressure, controlling the coating speed through the injection system, and controlling the fan.
  • Pressure valve to control the air volume, and then adjust the fluidization state of the fertilizer, control the heater to control the inlet air, the outlet air temperature, and can be transmitted to the computer through the camera installed in the fluidized bed coating chamber.
  • the invention can improve the heating efficiency and reduce the energy consumption; the automatic feeding function is added, the labor consumption is reduced, the coating efficiency is improved; the intelligent control of various coating parameters is realized, and the reproducibility of the coating process is improved; And broaden the scope of application of coating materials, to meet the technical requirements of the large-scale coating industry.
  • Figure 1 is a working flow chart of a closed large fluidized bed coating machine
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the system configuration of a closed large-scale fluidized bed coating machine
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the main tower of the coating machine
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view of the fluidized drying tower.
  • the granular fertilizer is placed in a centrifugal vibrating screen for screening treatment, and the granular fertilizer of a suitable particle size is collected into the barrel.
  • the granular fertilizer is urea, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and the like. It can be a single fertilizer or a compound fertilizer and a granulated homogeneous inorganic organic compound fertilizer.
  • the fertilizer in each coating chamber is between 300kg and 700kg.
  • the air inlet temperature of the coating machine directly affects the coating quality. If the temperature is too high, the droplets spread poorly on the surface of the particles, and the coating material is wasted; the temperature is too low because the drying does not completely cause adhesion.
  • the inlet air temperature must be set according to the water content and glass transition temperature of the coating material of a non-essential nature, and the general inlet air temperature is set to 30 ° C to 150 ° C.
  • the coating materials described therein include one or more of acrylate and copolymer emulsions thereof, styrene and copolymer emulsions thereof, vinyl acetate and copolymer emulsions thereof.
  • the coating formed by the coating emulsion accounts for 3% ⁇ 15% of the granular fertilizer, and the entire coating time is l h ⁇ 3h.
  • the air coming out of the coating chamber contains impurities and moisture, and first enters the cyclone to remove impurities.
  • the cyclone separator is a large inverted cone design. The air volume below is large, and the air volume on the upper side drops sharply. The impurities are precipitated to achieve the purpose of collecting impurities.
  • the air coming out of the cyclone contains high moisture and enters the fluidized drying tower for dehumidification.
  • the fluidized drying tower is filled with a silica gel desiccant having a particle size of 3 mm to 30 mm. The larger the desiccant particle size, the smaller the effect on the air volume.
  • the drying tower is a fluidized bed, which can realize the automatic feeding and discharging of the desiccant, prolong the contact time of the desiccant and the moist hot air, increase the drying capacity, and have little influence on the air volume.
  • the dehumidified hot air enters the coating chamber fluidized fertilizer granules again under the action of the induced draft fan, taking away the emulsion moisture.
  • Embodiment 1 referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4: a feed port of a fluidized bed and a fertilizer in a main tower 1 of a coating machine and a discharge port; an air distribution plate is arranged under the fluidized bed, and an air introduction duct of the induced draft fan 3 is connected to the air distribution plate from below; the coating machine main tower 1 is provided with a coating liquid pipeline at the bottom. And a coating liquid spray gun, wherein the closed air circulation system is provided with a heating mechanism (heater) 2 a fluidized drying tower 4 and a cyclone separator 5.
  • a heating mechanism herein the closed air circulation system is provided with a heating mechanism (heater) 2 a fluidized drying tower 4 and a cyclone separator 5.
  • the granular fertilizer is placed in a centrifugal shaker for screening, and a granular fertilizer having a diameter of 2 mm to 3 mm is selected and collected into the barrel.
  • a granular fertilizer having a diameter of 2 mm to 3 mm is selected and collected into the barrel.
  • Close the air inlet behind the coating chamber open the inlet and the draft fan 3 (fan) to create a negative pressure in the fluidized bed coating chamber, and inhale 500 kg of fertilizer into the coating chamber.
  • Close the inlet open the air inlet behind the coating chamber, open the jacking on the computer interface, and then open the air inlet.
  • the cold air passes from the bottom to the air distribution plate at the bottom of the fluidized bed to make the granular fertilizer into it. In a good fluid state.
  • the heating button Turn on the heating button and set the inlet air temperature to 85 °C and the outlet air temperature to 60 °C.
  • the pre-formed acrylate copolymer emulsion containing 50 kg of dry matter is placed in the coating liquid sampling system, and the coating emulsion is sent to the fluidized bed under constant stirring.
  • the injection speed was set to 1.67 kg/min on the computer interface, and the entire coating time was set to 2 h.
  • the circulating condensate of the spray gun is opened, and the coating emulsion is atomized by the compressed air and sprayed on the surface of the fertilizer particles.
  • the air from the coating chamber is dehumidified by the cyclone separator and the fluidized drying tower is dehumidified, and then enters the fluidized fertilizer granule of the main tower of the coating chamber under the action of the induced draft fan to take away the moisture of the emulsion to form a closed circulation system.
  • the coating liquid sampling system After the coating is finished, turn off the coating liquid sampling system, atomize, heat, and enter the air, and finally turn on the top drop to turn off the power of the machine. Open the discharge port under the main tower of the fluidized bed coating machine, and collect the controlled release fertilizer after coating.

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  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

利用封闭式大型数控流化床制作水基包衣控释肥料的方法及其设备:将合适粒径的颗粒肥料收集入料桶;利用负压将其吸入包衣腔内并使其流化;将水基包衣液送入喷枪中,经雾化后喷涂在肥料颗粒表面;通过旋风分离器收集从包衣腔出来的空气中的杂质;通过流化干燥塔对从旋风分离器中出来的空气进行除湿;包衣结束。封闭式大型数控流化床包衣机设有流化床包衣机主塔,旋风分离器,流化干燥塔,风机,加热器,空气压缩机,包衣液进样系统和控制系统;特征是设有封闭的空气循环系统,并设有流化干燥塔的除湿机构和冷凝水机构。本发明能够减少能耗,提高加热效率、具有吸湿功能;避免喷枪堵塞;具有自动进物料功能,提高了包衣效率,是实现水基包衣工艺的重要保障。

Description

基于封闭式循环流化床的水基包衣控释肥料制备方法及其设备
技术领域
本发明属于包衣控释肥料制备领域, 具体涉及一种利用封闭式大型数控流化床制作水基 包衣控释肥料的方法, 以及这种制备方法所使用的设备: 封闭式带有流化干燥塔的大型数控 流化床包衣机。
背景技术
控释肥料能有效提高养分利用率、 节省劳动力、 降低环境胁迫, 在园艺植物及经济作物 中具有广泛的应用。 我国缓控释复合肥生产及技术较为滞后, 高效、 低成本装备的研究几乎 处于空白, 减缓了缓控释肥在市场的推广进程。
国内目前主要采用滚筒式包衣机和流化床包衣机两类, 滚筒式包衣机内部物料相互挤压, 容易粘连, 分离时容易拉破膜层。 包衣腔内物料处于无序的运动状态, 包衣不均匀, 同时浪 费包衣材料。 而且系统中物料处于非密封状态, 热效率降低, 易出现有机溶媒外泄, 回收不 便。 流化床包衣机包衣是一种较为先进的包衣设备, 因其包衣液雾粒与物料运行同向, 运动 快速、 均匀, 喷出口无粘连, 雾粒达到粒子表面距离短, 利于雾粒在粒子表面铺展、 节约包 膜材料, 颗粒表面任一角度接触雾粒机会均等, 确保包膜连续、 致密、 厚薄一致。
虽然流化床包衣技术问世多年, 包衣原理已相对成熟, 但要将其用包衣肥料的规模生产 还会出现很多实际问题, 如现行的包衣肥料主要采用有机溶剂包衣, 因此现行的流化床不能 适应水基包衣。 第一, 此类设备包衣时外界空气经蒸汽换热器升温, 以热风的形式进入包衣 机主塔, 并由下至上穿过流化床底部, 带走包衣乳液的水分, 最后随排风由引风机排出。 这 种开放系统会浪费热能, 特别是用于大规模包衣时进风量很大, 有时会没办法达到需要的进 风温度。 第二, 此类设备的进风出现了诸多问题, 特别是包衣一些对湿度敏感的中药或者是 尿素时, 因湿度未加控制, 导致环境对水基包衣生产的影响显著。 第三, 很多包膜材料如丙 烯酸类乳液容易高温下在喷枪中固化, 造成喷枪堵塞包衣失败。 但是进风温度太低则干燥不 完全致使产生粘连。 第四, 由于包衣涉及到许多参数, 直接关系到包衣质量与产量。 靠人为 控制难以达到当前包衣工艺重现性的技术要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利用封闭式大型数控流化床制作水基包衣控释肥料的方法。 以 及这种制备方法所使用的设备: 封闭式带有流化干燥塔的大型数控流化床包衣机。 本发明设 计了封闭的空气循环系统将引风机带出来湿热的空气经过旋风分离器除杂处理、 流化干燥塔 除湿处理后再次进入包衣机主塔, 实现了热空气的循环利用, 降低了热耗消耗。 能够提高加 热效率, 减少能耗; 增加了自动进物料功能, 减少了劳动力消耗, 提高了包衣效率; 实现了 各种包衣参数的智能控制, 提高了包衣工艺的重现性; 并且拓宽了包衣材料的适用范围, 满 足了大规模包衣工业的技术要求。
完成上述发明任务的方案是, 一种利用封闭式大型数控流化床制作水基包衣控释肥料的 方法, 其特征在于, 步骤如下,
(1) . 将筛分后合适粒径的颗粒肥料收集入料桶中;
(2) . 利用自动进物料系统, 将肥料吸入包衣腔内;
(3) . 关闭进料口, 将开放系统变为封闭系统。 并打开引风, 使放入包衣腔中的颗粒肥料形成 喷泉式流化态;
(4) . 设置进风温度, 出风温度, 雾化压力, 流化压力, 包衣时间等包衣参数;
(5) . 待包衣腔温度上升到设定的进风温度后, 将水基包衣液在不断搅拌中经蠕动泵送入流化 床包衣机主塔底部的喷枪中;
(6) . 打开喷枪的循环冷凝水, 水基包衣乳液经压縮空气雾化后喷涂在肥料颗粒表面。
(7) . 从包衣腔出来的空气先进入旋风分离器中除杂;
(8) . 从旋风分离器出来的空气再进入流化干燥塔中进行除湿;
(9) . 包衣结束, 关闭包衣系统;
(10)、 打开出料口, 收集包衣后的控释肥料。
更优化和更具体地说, 本发明各步骤的具体操作如下:
(1) . 将颗粒肥料放入离心振动筛中进行筛分处理, 将合适粒径的颗粒肥料收集入料桶中。 所 述的颗粒肥料为尿素、 碳酸铵、 硝酸铵、 硫酸铵、 硫酸钾、 氯化钾、 硝酸钾、 磷酸氢二铵、 磷酸二氢铵等。 可以是单质肥料也可以是复合肥以及造粒均匀的无机有机复混肥。 每次包衣 腔中的肥料在 300kg~700kg;
(2) . 关闭包衣腔后面的进风口, 打开进料口和风机, 使流化床包衣腔内形成负压, 将肥料吸 入包衣腔内;
(3) . 关闭进料口, 打开包衣腔后面的进风口, 在电脑界面上打开顶升, 将开放系统变为封闭 系统。 其次打开引风, 进入的空气由下至少穿过流化床底部的空气分布板, 使放入其中的颗 粒肥料形成喷泉式流化态, 并在上部形成抛物运动。 调节风量大小, 使肥料处于良好的流化 状态;
(4) . 打开加热按钮, 设置进风温度, 出风温度, 雾化压力, 流化压力, 包衣时间等包衣参数。 包衣机进风温度直接影响包衣质量。 温度过高, 雾滴在颗粒表面铺展性差, 浪费包膜材料; 温度太低由于干燥不完全产生粘连。 进风温度的设定必须根据不用性质的包衣材料的含水量 和玻璃化温度, 一般进风温度设为 30°C~150°C ;
(5) . 待包衣腔温度上升到设定的进风温度时, 打开包衣液(也称为包衣材料、 水基包衣乳液, 或乳液) 进样系统, 在电脑界面上设定进样速度和整个包衣时间, 使包衣液在不断搅拌中经 过蠕动泵送入流化床包衣机主塔底部的喷枪中。 其中所述的包衣液包括丙烯酸酯及其共聚物 乳液、 苯乙烯及其共聚物乳液、 醋酸乙烯酯及其共聚物乳液的一种或多种。 包衣乳液形成的 包膜占颗粒肥料的 3% -15% , 整个包衣时间为 1~3 h。
(6) . 打开喷枪的循环冷凝水, 包衣乳液经压縮空气雾化后喷涂在肥料颗粒表面;
(7) . 从包衣腔出来的空气因为含有杂质和水分, 首先进入旋风分离器中除杂, 旋风分离器为 一个大型的倒锥形设计, 旋风下面风量很大, 而到上面风量急剧下降而使杂质沉淀下来, 达 到收集杂质的目的;
(8) . 从旋风分离器中出来的空气含有很高的湿度, 进入流化干燥塔中进行除湿。 流化干燥塔 中填充有粒径为 3mm~30mm硅胶类干燥剂。干燥剂粒径越大对风量的影响越小。该干燥塔为 一个流化床, 这样既能实现干燥剂的进出料自动化, 又延长了干燥剂和潮湿的热空气的接触 时间, 增加了干燥能力, 同时对风量的影响很小。 经除湿后的热空气在引风机的作用下再次 进入包衣腔流化肥料颗粒带走乳液水分, 形成封闭的循环系统;
(9) . 包衣结束后, 首先关闭包衣液进样系统, 依次关闭雾化、 加热、 进风按钮, 最后打开顶 降按钮并关闭机器电源;
(10)、 打开流化床包衣机主塔下面的出料口, 收集包衣后的缓控释肥料。
完成本申请第 2个发明目的的方案是, 上述制作缓控释肥料方法中所使用的设备: 封闭 式大型数控流化床包衣机, 其特征在于将普通开放式流化床包衣机优化成一种封闭式, 带有 干燥塔和旋风分离器, 喷枪中采用循环冷凝水装置, 增加了自动进样系统和智能控制系统的 大型数控流化床包衣机。
以上设备的优化方案有:
1、设计了封闭的空气循环系统将引风机带出来湿热的空气经过旋风分离器除杂处理、流 化干燥塔除湿处理后再次进入包衣机主塔, 实现了热空气的循环利用, 降低了热耗消耗。
2、所述封闭的空气循环系统中设有吸湿装置, 来带走包衣乳液中的水分。所涉及的除湿 装置为装有大颗粒硅胶的干燥塔, 空气经除湿处理后再次进入包衣机主塔。 该除湿装置具有 重复的除湿功能, 当硅胶达到水分饱和时, 打开流化床包衣机的进样口, 将封闭系统变为开 放系统, 不加物料直接加热烘干硅胶使其重新具有干燥功能。 该流化床设计的干燥塔, 既能 能实现干燥剂的进料自动化, 也延长了干燥剂和潮湿的热空气的接触时间, 增加了干燥能力, 最为重要的是几乎没有影响风量。
3、在封闭的空气循环系统中设有旋风分离器除杂机构, 以沉淀循环系统中的碎屑。 定期 将杂质清除以减少包衣负荷提高包衣的均一度。
4、 在包衣液管道(包括乳液喷枪及其管道) 内设有冷凝水循环装置, 以减少乳液在高温 的喷枪中提前反应固化造成喷枪堵塞, 拓宽了包衣材料的适用范围, 特别是一些玻璃化温度 较低的包衣材料。
5、 设计了自动进物料系统, 包括颗粒肥料和干燥剂自动进料, 大大节省了劳动力提高了 包衣效率, 真正实现了全自动化的包衣工艺。 该自动进物料系统的结构是: 在包衣机系统中 设有风机, 将流化床的包衣腔内设为负压, 同时进料口阀门和风机开关均连接到自动控制机 构。
6、设置有智能控制系统, 该智能控制系统中设有温度传感器、湿度传感器、进料控制阀、 出料控制阀, 雾化压力阀, 流化压力阀, 及包衣速度控制阀, 该温度传感器、 湿度传感器、 进料控制阀、 出料控制阀, 雾化压力阀, 流化压力阀, 及包衣速度控制阀的驱动机构连接在 控制电脑上, 以实现各种包衣参数的智能控制, 提高了操作与控制的重现性。 其控制区域为 电脑控制,通过 DLC编程可以在界面上设置各种包衣参数动态连续地控制包衣过程并满足各 参数在线打印输出, 并且可以通过在流化床包衣腔内安装的摄像头传输给电脑上的画面实时 监控包衣进行的状况, 同时在流化干燥塔安装的湿度仪的数据实时了解干燥剂的干燥能力。
换言之, 本发明根据现有技术中存在的问题, 分别采取了各种有效途径。 一是采用封闭 式空气循环系统来减少能耗, 提高加热效率。 二是使用封闭式空气循环系统必须有强大的吸 湿装置来带走包衣乳液中的水分。 将装有大颗粒硅胶的干燥塔作为吸湿装置, 可用其反复吸 湿。 三是设计了在乳液喷枪管道内冷凝水循环装置以预防乳液在高温的喷枪中固化, 造成喷 枪堵塞, 拓宽了包衣材料的适用范围, 特别是一些玻璃化温度较低的包衣材料。 四是设计了 自动进物料系统, 包括颗粒肥料和自动进干燥剂自动进料, 大大节省了劳动力提高了包衣效 率, 真正实现了全自动化的包衣工艺。 五是设计了旋风分离器以沉淀循环系统中的碎屑。 定 期将杂质清除以减少包衣负荷提高包衣的均一度。 六是实现了各种包衣参数的智能控制, 提 高了操作与控制的重现性。其控制区域为电脑控制, 通过 DLC编程可以在界面上设置各种包 衣参数动态连续地控制包衣过程并满足各参数在线打印输出, 并且可以通过在流化床包衣腔 内安装的摄像头传输给电脑上的画面实时监控包衣进行的状况, 同时在干燥塔安装的湿度仪 的数据实时了解干燥剂的干燥能力。 优化后的封闭式大型流化床包衣机节能环保, 减少了劳动力消耗, 提高了包衣工艺的重 现性, 并拓宽了包衣材料的适用范围, 满足了大规模包衣工业的技术要求。
本发明可以通过以下措施来实现:
将普通开放式流化床优化成一种基于水基包衣控释肥料制备的封闭式大型数控流化床的 具体过程包括封闭系统、 强大的除湿装置、 喷枪中循环冷凝水、 自动进出料系统、 旋风除杂 和智能控制六个方面的设计和优化。
封闭系统
传统的开放式的流化床包衣机在引风机的作用下, 外界冷空气经过滤和加热后, 以热风 的形式进入包衣机主塔, 带走包衣乳液的水份后由引风机带出体系。 这种开放式的系统在大 型包衣工业中有源源不断的冷空气需要加热, 不但浪费了大量的热能, 甚至在寒冷的冬天很 难达到预设的进风温度而使包衣液干燥不及时而产生粘连, 因此设计了封闭的空气循环系统 将引风机带出来湿热的空气经过沉降杂质处理、 干燥塔除湿处理后再次进入包衣机主塔, 实 现了热空气的循环利用, 降低了能耗。
除湿装置
在封闭空气循环系统必须有强大的除湿装置来带走包衣乳液中的水分。 所涉及的除湿装 置为装有大颗粒硅胶的流化干燥塔, 该除湿装置具有重复的除湿功能, 当硅胶达到水分饱和 而不具有除湿功能时, 打开流化床包衣机的进样口, 将封闭系统变为开放式系统, 不加物料 直接加热烘干硅胶使其重新具有干燥功能。 恢复除湿功能后, 关闭进样口, 将开放式系统变 为封闭式系统。 经除湿后的热空气在引风机的作用下再次进入包衣腔流化肥料颗粒, 带走乳 液水分。 该流化床设计的干燥塔, 既能能实现干燥剂的进料自动化, 也延长了干燥剂和潮湿 的热空气的接触时间, 增加了干燥能力, 最为重要的是几乎没有影响风量。 其中干燥剂为粒 径为 3mm~30mm硅胶类干燥剂。 干燥剂粒径越大对风量的影响越小。
循环冷凝水的设置
水基包衣乳液经带有蠕动泵的进样系统送入流化床底部的喷枪中,经压縮空气雾化后喷涂 在肥料颗粒表面, 然而很多玻璃化温度较低的包衣材料在高温环境中容易粘连固化, 造成喷 枪堵塞。 在乳液喷枪管道内设置循环冷凝水装置以减少乳液在高温的喷枪中固化, 拓宽了包 衣材料的适用范围。
自动进料系统
该包衣机实现了包衣物料和干燥剂的进料自动化。 当机器处于正常包衣时体系处于封闭 状态; 当机器需要进肥料时, 关闭包衣腔后面的进风口, 打开进料口和风机, 使流化床包衣 腔内形成负压, 将肥料吸入包衣腔内。 当需要进干燥剂时, 关闭干燥塔的出风口, 打开干燥 剂的进料口和风机, 使干燥塔内形成负压, 将干燥剂吸入腔体内。 利用负压而设计的自动进 物料系统大大节省了劳动力, 提高了包衣效率, 真正实现了自动化的包衣工艺。
旋风除杂
在包衣过程中, 包衣乳液在空中固化可能产生碎屑, 而且干燥剂在长期的流化碰撞过程 中也会破碎产生杂质, 利用旋风除杂系统, 以沉淀系统中的碎屑。 旋风分离器为一个大型的 倒锥形设计, 旋风下面风量很大, 而到上面风量急剧下降而使杂质沉淀下来, 达到收集杂质 的目的。 定期将杂质清除以减少包衣负荷提高包衣的均一度。
智能控制
其智能控制区域包括控制主机和与其相连接的电脑界面, 可以在界面上设置各种包衣参 数动态连续地控制包衣过程。 控制区域能通过包衣机的各个部分控制包衣参数, 例如通过控 制雾化压力的压力阀来调节包衣的包衣液的雾化状态、 通过进样系统来控制包衣速度、 通过 控制风机的压力阀来控制风量大小, 进而调节肥料的流化状态、通过控制加热器来控制进风, 出风温度、 并且可以通过在流化床包衣腔内安装的摄像头传输给电脑上的画面实时监控包衣 进行的状况、 通过在旋风分离器内壁安装摄像头了解杂质的多少、 也可以通过在干燥塔安装 的湿度仪实时了解干燥剂的干燥能力。 从而实现智能控制, 提高了工业生产的重现性。 同时 也实现了电气控制与操作环境隔离, 避免因电气元件产生火花而引起安全事故。
本发明能够提高加热效率, 减少能耗; 增加了自动进物料功能, 减少了劳动力消耗, 提 高了包衣效率; 实现了各种包衣参数的智能控制, 提高了包衣工艺的重现性; 并且拓宽了包 衣材料的适用范围, 满足了大规模包衣工业的技术要求。
附图说明
图 1为封闭式大型流化床包衣机的工作流程图;
图 2为封闭式大型流化床包衣机的系统构成示意图;
图 3为包衣机主塔的正面图;
图 4为流化干燥塔的正面图。
具体实施方式
利用优化后的封闭式带有干燥塔的大型数控流化床包衣机制作缓控释肥料的具体过程 如下:
ω、首先将颗粒肥料放入离心振动筛中进行筛分处理, 将合适粒径的颗粒肥料收集入料桶中。 所述的颗粒肥料为尿素、 碳酸铵、 硝酸铵、 硫酸铵、 硫酸钾、 氯化钾、 硝酸钾、 磷酸氢二铵、 磷酸二氢铵等。 可以是单质肥料也可以是复合肥以及造粒均匀的无机有机复混肥。 每次包衣 腔中的肥料在 300kg~700kg。
(2)、 关闭包衣腔后面的进风口, 打开进料口和引风机(风机) , 使流化床包衣腔内形成负压, 将肥料吸入包衣腔内。
(3)、 关闭进料口, 打开包衣腔后面的进风口, 在电脑界面上打开顶升, 将开放系统变为封闭 系统。 其次打开引风, 进入的空气由下至少穿过流化床底部的空气分布板, 使放入其中的颗 粒肥料形成喷泉式流化态, 并在上部形成抛物运动。 调节风量大小, 使肥料处于良好的流化 状态。
(4)、 打开加热按钮, 设置进风温度和出风温度。 包衣机进风温度直接影响包衣质量。 温度过 高, 雾滴在颗粒表面铺展性差, 浪费包膜材料; 温度太低由于干燥不完全产生粘连。 进风温 度的设定必须根据不用性质的包衣材料的含水量和玻璃化温度, 一般进风温度设为 30°C~150°C。
(5)、 待包衣腔温度上升到设定的进风温度时, 打开包衣液进样系统, 在电脑界面上设定进样 速度和整个包衣时间, 使包衣液在不断搅拌中经过蠕动泵送入流化床包衣机主塔底部的喷枪 中。 其中所述的包衣材料包括丙烯酸酯及其共聚物乳液、 苯乙烯及其共聚物乳液、 醋酸乙烯 酯及其共聚物乳液的一种或多种。 包衣乳液形成的包膜占颗粒肥料的 3% ~15%, 整个包衣时 间为 l h ~3h。
(6)、 打开喷枪的循环冷凝水, 水基包衣乳液经压縮空气雾化后喷涂在肥料颗粒表面。
(7)、 从包衣腔出来的空气因为含有杂质和水分, 首先进入旋风分离器中除杂, 旋风分离器为 一个大型的倒锥形设计, 下面风量很大, 而上面风量急剧下降而使杂质沉淀下来, 达到收集 杂质的目的。
(8)、 从旋风分离器中出来的空气含有很高的水分, 进入流化干燥塔中进行除湿。 流化干燥塔 中填充有粒径为 3mm~30mm硅胶类干燥剂。干燥剂粒径越大对风量的影响越小。该干燥塔为 一个流化床, 这样既能实现干燥剂的进出料自动化, 又延长了干燥剂和潮湿的热空气的接触 时间, 增加了干燥能力, 同时对风量的影响很小。 经除湿后的热空气在引风机的作用下再次 进入包衣腔流化肥料颗粒, 带走乳液水分。
(9)、 包衣结束后, 首先关闭包衣液进样系统, 依次关闭雾化、 加热、 进风按钮, 最后打开顶 降按钮并关闭机器电源。
(10)、 打开流化床包衣机主塔下面的出料口, 收集包衣后的缓控释肥料。
实施例 1, 参照图 1、 图 2、 图 3和图 4: 包衣机主塔 1中设有流化床及肥料的进料口与 出料口; 该流化床下面设有空气分布板, 引风机 3的引风管道从下方连接到所述的空气分布 板; 所述的包衣机主塔 1底部设有包衣液管道, 和包衣液喷枪, 该封闭的空气循环系统中设 有加热机构(加热器) 2流化干燥塔 4与旋风分离器 5。 首先将颗粒肥料放入离心振动筛中进 行筛分, 选择直径为 2mm~3mm的颗粒肥料收集入料桶中。 关闭包衣腔后面的进风口, 打开 进料口和引风机 3 (风机), 使流化床包衣腔内形成负压, 将 500kg肥料吸入包衣腔内。 关闭 进料口, 打开包衣腔后面的进风口, 在电脑界面上打开顶升, 其次打开引风, 冷空气由下至 上穿过流化床底部的空气分布板, 使放入其中的颗粒肥料处于良好的流化状态。 打开加热按 钮, 设置进风温度为 85°C和出风温度 60°C。 待包衣腔温度上升到 85°C时, 将预先配好的含 50kg干物质的丙烯酸酯类共聚乳液放入包衣液进样系统中, 将包衣乳液在不断搅拌中送入流 化床包衣机主塔底部的喷枪中,在电脑界面上设定进样速度为 1.67kg/min, 同时设定整个包衣 时间为 2h。 打开喷枪的循环冷凝水, 包衣乳液经压縮空气雾化后喷涂在肥料颗粒表面。 从包 衣腔出来的空气经旋风分离器除杂和流化干燥塔除湿后在引风机的作用下再次进入包衣腔主 塔流化肥料颗粒, 带走乳液水分, 形成封闭的循环系统。 包衣结束后, 依次关闭包衣液进样 系统、 雾化、 加热、 进风, 最后打开顶降, 关闭机器电源。 打开流化床包衣机主塔下面的出 料口, 收集包衣后的缓控释肥料。
实施例 2
当需要向系统中加入干燥剂时, 可以利用自动进干燥剂系统进行。 首先关闭流化干燥塔 的出风口, 打开风机和干燥剂的进料口, 使干燥塔内形成负压, 将干燥剂吸入腔体内。
8

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种利用封闭式大型数控流化床包衣机制作缓控释肥料的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤如下,
(1) . 将筛分后合适粒径的颗粒肥料收集入料桶中;
(2) . 利用自动进物料系统, 将肥料吸入包衣腔内;
(3) . 关闭进料口, 将开放系统变为封闭系统。 并打开引风, 使放入包衣腔中的颗粒肥料形成 喷泉式流化态;
(4) . 设置进风温度和出风温度, 雾化压力, 流化压力, 包衣时间等包衣参数;
(5) . 待包衣腔温度上升到设定的进风温度后, 将包衣液在不断搅拌中经蠕动泵送入流化床包 衣机主塔底部的喷枪中;
(6) . 打开喷枪的循环冷凝水, 包衣乳液经压縮空气雾化后喷涂在肥料颗粒表面。
(7) . 从包衣腔出来的空气先进入旋风分离器中除杂;
(8) . 从旋风分离器出来的空气再进入流化干燥塔中进行除湿;
(9) . 包衣结束, 关闭包衣系统;
(10)、 打开出料口, 收集包衣后的缓控释肥料。
2. 根据权力要求 1所述的利用封闭式大型数控流化床包衣机制作缓控释肥料的方法, 其特征 在于, 步骤 (1)所述的颗粒肥料为尿素、 碳酸铵、 硝酸铵、 硫酸铵、 硫酸钾、 氯化钾、 硝酸钾、 磷酸氢二铵或磷酸二氢铵中的一种或多种; 为单质肥料或是复合肥或是无机有机复混肥; 步 骤 (2)所述的将肥料吸入包衣腔内, 每次吸入包衣腔中的肥料重量在 300kg~700kg; 步骤 (4)所 述的进风温度设为 30°C~150°C。
3. 根据权力要求 1所述的利用封闭式大型数控流化床包衣机制作缓控释肥料的方法, 其特征 在于, 步骤 (5)所述的水基包衣液, 包括丙烯酸酯及其共聚物乳液、 苯乙烯及其共聚物乳液、 醋酸乙烯酯及其共聚物乳液的一种或多种。
4. 根据权力要求 1所述的利用封闭式大型数控流化床包衣机制作缓控释肥料的方法, 其特征 在于, 步骤 (5)所述的包衣乳液形成的包膜占颗粒肥料的 3% ~15%; 步骤 (5)所述的整个包衣时 间为 l h ~3h。
5. 权利要求 1所述制作缓控释肥料的方法所使用的设备:一种封闭式大型数控流化床包衣机, 在包衣机主塔中设有空气分布板, 引风管道从下方连接到所述的空气分布板; 其特征在于, 所述的流化床包衣机为一种封闭式的空气循环系统, 将引风机带出来湿热的空气经过沉降杂 质处理、 干燥塔除湿处理后再次进入包衣机主塔, 实现了热空气的循环利用, 降低了热能的 消耗。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的封闭式大型数控流化床包衣机, 其特征在于, 所述封闭的空气循环 系统中设有吸湿装置; 所述的除湿装置为装有大颗粒硅胶的干燥塔, 空气经除湿处理后再次 进入包衣机主塔。
7. 根据权利要求 5所述的封闭式大型数控流化床包衣机, 其特征在于, 在封闭的空气循环系 统中设有旋风分离器除杂机构, 以沉淀循环系统中的碎屑。
8. 根据权利要求 6所述的封闭式大型数控流化床包衣机, 其特征在于, 在包衣液管道内设有 冷凝水循环装置。
9. 根据权利要求 6所述的封闭式大型数控流化床包衣机, 其特征在于, 还设有自动进物料系 统, 包括颗粒肥料和干燥剂自动进料; 该自动进物料系统的结构是: 在包衣机系统中设有风 机, 将流化床的包衣腔内设为负压, 同时进料口阀门和风机开关均连接到自动控制机构。
10. 根据权利要求 5~9之一所述的封闭式大型数控流化床包衣机, 其特征在于, 还设置有智 能控制系统, 该智能控制系统中设有温度传感器、 湿度传感器、 进料控制阀、 出料控制阀, 雾化压力阀, 流化压力阀, 及包衣速度控制阀, 该温度传感器、 湿度传感器、 进料控制阀、 出料控制阀, 雾化压力阀, 流化压力阀, 及包衣速度控制阀的驱动机构连接在控制电脑上。
10
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CN116637557A (zh) * 2022-11-09 2023-08-25 苏州欧米尼医药有限公司 一种粉体表面流化处理工艺
CN116637557B (zh) * 2022-11-09 2024-06-04 苏州欧米尼医药有限公司 一种粉体表面流化处理工艺

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