WO2012144880A2

WO2012144880A2 - Method for building construction

Info

Publication number: WO2012144880A2
Application number: PCT/LT2012/000004
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sapar YKLYMOV; Jurate VAINIKONIENE
Original assignee: Yklymov Sapar; Vainikoniene Jurate
Priority date: 2011-04-22
Filing date: 2012-04-23
Publication date: 2012-10-26
Also published as: LT2011032A; LT5800B; WO2012144880A3

Abstract

The invention pertains to the construction industry. Building structural elements are cut with special cutting machines of polystyrene foam. For their fastening on both sides the transverse, longitudinal grooves (2) are made and filled with concrete mortar. For additional fastening of structural elements, reinforcing material (3) is inserted through the openings (5) of horizontally inserted anchors (4) and strengthened with concrete mortar. Without using reinforcing materials (3), anchors (4) are inserted into the structural elements, by inserting them horizontally. Transverse openings (6) are drilled in the walls (1), cylindrical parts are inserted in them and covered with concrete mortar. Load-bearing structures, retaining walls are connected to the foundation (7), which is tray-shaped, with rebars (9), which are vertically embedded in the foundation, including the rebars in vertical channels made in supporting load-bearing structures in the walls.˙

Description

METHOD FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

The invention pertains to the construction industry, namely the construction of multi-purpose buildings and residential houses of prefabricated structural components and parts.

The known building method using structural elements is described in the LT Patent No 3555, Int. cl.: E 04 B 5/43, E 04 C 2/52, publ. 1995, by using structural elements. Some structural elements have one top panel, as well as the supporting elements perpendicular to the panel. Other structural elements have both the top and the bottom panels. The upper panels are with fixtures, concealed in the area for the concrete mortar on the panel. Structural elements are connected using metal fasteners.

The known building method (see the U.S. patent No 6985832, Intel.: G 06 F 15/00, publ. 2004), in accordance with which the construction is made of building structural elements of expanded polystyrene (EPS), covered with concrete mortar from inside and outside.

However, the disadvantage of the construction of well-known building method is that because of the lack of robustness of building structural elements, the building structure is insufficiently reliable and robust. The smallest damage to the building structural element causes the layer of concrete to peel, as it is laid on a flat surface. For this reason, the number of floors in the building must be limited. In addition, the use of the known structural elements for the building construction does not ensure good microclimate conditions in the premises. The aim of the invention is to increase the strength of structural elements, to extend the structural and functional possibilities by improving the thermal insulation characteristics of the building, hygroscopic properties, operating conditions and the microclimate in the premises and increase the structural integrity, strength, durability, fire resistance and resistance to seismic waves.

To achieve the objective of invention the building structural elements are cut of polystyrene foam. For the connection of bearing structures, retaining walls with the foundation, which is shaped as tray by cutting, vertical channels are made in their lower parts and reinforcing bars are inserted to them, vertically fixed in the foundation together with other reinforcing materials, encapsulated in concrete, reinforced glass fibre, mortar. In addition, in the building structural elements on both sides they make the optional transverse, longitudinal grooves with a cross-sectional area of a geometric shape - an equilateral trapezoid, and they are filled with concrete, reinforced glass fibre, mortar. Transverse openings are drilled in the building walls to which non-metallic tubular components are placed, and filled with insulating material, which is breathable and keeps moisture.

On the horizontal plane of the foundation when the excavation is provided in the project - an underground cavity, before laying the reinforcing material and pouring the areas to be covered with concrete, reinforced glass fibre, mortar, holes are drilled, rebars are passed through them and inserted upright in the underground cavities, the distance between the centres of which is no greater than 3 m and the layout of which meets the foundation hole layout.

The reinforcing materials are placed in the grooves of the building structural and the grooves are filled with concrete, reinforced glass fibre, mortar. Reinforcing materials, let in the grooves facing each other, are reinforced with non-metallic anchors, before that anchors are horizontally inserted into the building structural elements and reinforcing material is inserted through the openings in their ends. In addition, for the rigidity of building structural elements, when reinforcing material is inserted into the grooves, anchors are horizontally inserted between the opposite grooves.

For the fastening of building structural elements, bearing structures, connection of walls to the foundation the metal, not metal, reinforcing rods and reinforcing materials are used.

The reinforcing materials inserted into the grooves with anchors are connected in a detachable connection.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Fig. 1 - polystyrene foam block. Fig. 2 - scheme of the building structural element (wall). Fig. 3 - scheme of the building structural element with longitudinal and transverse grooves. Fig. 4 - scheme of the building structural element with longitudinal grooves. Fig. 5 - view of the reinforcing material connected with anchor, embedded in the opposite grooves of the building structural element. Fig. 6 - view of the anchor, inserted in the building structural element, when no reinforcing material is used. Fig. 7 - building structural element - the foundation of the scheme. Fig. 8 - scheme of the building structural element -foundation, when the excavation- an underground cavity is provided in the project. Fig. 9 - view of the building constructed of polystyrene foam building structural elements.

Fig. 2 shows a building structural element with longitudinal and transverse grooves 2, in which the reinforcing materials 3 are embedded, and openings 6 in walls to ensure the indoor climate.

Fig. 3 shows a building structural element with longitudinal and transverse grooves 2, in which the reinforcing materials are embedded, fixed with anchors 4.

Fig. 4 shows a structural design element with longitudinal grooves 2, in which the reinforcing materials 3 are embedded, fixed with anchors 4. Fig. 7 shows the foundation 7, reinforcing rods 9 and reinforcing material 8 are inserted in its trough.

Fig. 8 shows the foundation 7, with excavation (underground cavities) 10, in which the reinforcing rods 9 are passed through, and the reinforcing material 8 is passed in the foundation trough.

Fig. 9 shows the overall view of the building, built in the described way from building structural elements (see Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) on the foundation of 7 (see Fig. 7, Fig. 8).

Building structural elements: the lower part of the building - foundations, floors and the roof floorings, flights, load-bearing structures, columns, walls according to the construction project and according to the required configuration of building structural elements are cut in special cutting machines of polystyrene foam blocks. (See Fig. 1). Polystyrene foam is a hard, porous material made by melting the beads of blown polystyrene or one of its copolymers with closed pores filled with air.

In the building structural elements on both sides they make optional transverse, longitudinal grooves - special grooves 2 (see Fig. 2, 3, 4), with a cross-sectional area of a geometric shape - and equilateral trapezoid. Grooves 2 are intended for the fastening of structural building elements by encapsulated them in concrete, reinforced glass fibre, with mortar. With the presents of grooves 2, the concrete layer is attached stably, avoiding its layering. Dimensions of the grooves 2, to make the building from, stable and reliable, are chosen according to the thickness of the structural elements and the height of the construction. Depending on the object under construction it is not always essential that grooves are made for instance in flights, roof or floors for their reinforcement. Grooves 2 allows additional strengthening of building structural elements not only of concrete, reinforced glass fibres, mortar, but also reinforcing material 3, let into the grooves 2. (See Fig. 3, 4). Reinforcing material 3 can optionally be metal, or not metal. In addition, they use non-metallic anchors 4 for fastening the reinforcing materials of opposing grooves 2. (See Fig. 5). In this way, firstly, anchors 4 are inserted horizontally in the building structural elements, such as walls 1, and then reinforcing materials 3 are inserted to the grooves 2 through anchor openings 5. (See Fig. 3, 4). Anchors 4 with reinforcing materials 3 can be connected in a detachable connection. Anchors 4 can also be used when reinforcing materials are not used in grooves 2. Then, anchors 4 are only horizontally inserted into the building structural element which also strengthens the structural element (see Fig. 6). In the walls 1 (see Fig. 2), to ensure good indoor climate holes 6 are drilled, non-metallic cylindrical parts are inserted in them and filled them with insulation that is moisture resistant, but breathable. As an insulating material, for instance, it is possible to use the material named Styronit produced by Styronit. Co., Turkey. This insulating material has good thermal and hygroscopic properties and is similar by characteristics to natural felt, which is also characterized by good heat insulation and hygroscopic properties. For the connection of load bearing structures, retaining walls 1 with the foundation 7, vertical channels are drilled in their bottom parts for the insertion of the reinforcing material - rebars (optional metallic, non-metallic) vertically embedded in the foundation 7 (see Fig. 7,. Fig. 8).

The building foundation 7 of polystyrene foam block is cut in a tray shape. In this form of the foundation 7 the insert optional metallic, non- metallic reinforcing material 8, vertical insert rebars 9 (optional metallic, non-metallic), for the insertion into vertical wall channels (see Fig. 7). If the excavation - an underground cavity 10 is provided in the project - 10, openings are drilled in the horizontal plane of the foundation 4. These openings are required for the insertion of rebars 9 towards the underground cavities 10 and their vertical consolidation in the underground cavities 10. (See Fig. 8). The layout of the underground cavities 10 and the foundation openings 7 must match each other and the distance between them must be no more than 3 m. Reinforcing materials, rebars are reinforced with concrete, reinforced glass fibres, mortar. With the proper soil, excavation is not necessary but if any is provided according to the project - underground cavities, their depth depends on the soil characteristics and the depth of the foundation freeze. The excavation is dug deeper than the freeze zone.

The aboveground cycle on the construction site on the compared and ground surface after the drainage works, and after making the underground cavities 10, if provided in the project, begins with the foundation 7 on which the load-bearing structures are mounted, walls 1, then the flights, floor and roof decks. Walls are joined together by bonding them with polyurethane adhesive, specially designed for bonding expanded polystyrene. The building structural elements, including the walls 1 are line from the inside and outside with concrete, reinforced glass fibre, mortar 1 1. The concrete layer thickness is 1-1.5 cm. In this way, the building structural elements of polystyrene foam are securely fastened. The concrete surface is plastered and then finishing work is performed.

The described building construction method, by using building structural elements of polystyrene foam, is reliable, simple, and is not labour- intensive. In addition, the design (number of floors) and internal marking options are wide. Any laying of communication pipes (heating system, water, sewer) or electricity wiring problems does not pose difficulties, because the required cavities are easily cut in the structural building elements of polystyrene foam. The implementation of the described method does not require high-skilled workers, since the installation of construction structural elements and their preparation for installation is simple. The building structural elements may be manufactured not only at the factory, but also on site. A building built according to the described method is robust (1 sq. m of the building structural element of polystyrene foam withstands the weight of 15-35 tons), it is fire resistant and resistant to seismic waves, is characterized by good heat insulation, has hygroscopic properties, is alkali- resistant, ensuring proper indoor climate, and saves heating energy. In addition, it is essential that the technical solution is quickly implemented by using simple and inexpensive means (see Fig. 9).

Claims

CLAIM OF INVENTION

1. The building construction method, using building structural elements of polystyrene foam, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the connection of structural elements of construction - load bearing structures, retaining walls with the foundation, which are made in a tray shape by cutting, vertical channels are made in the bottom parts of the retaining walls where the rebars are inserted vertically embedded in the foundation together with other reinforcing materials, encapsulating them in concrete, glass fibre, mortar, in addition, on both sides of the building structural elements they make optional transverse, longitudinal grooves with a cross-sectional area in a geometric shape - an equilateral trapezoid, and cover them with concrete, reinforced glass fibre, mortar, in addition, transverse openings are drilled in the walls, in which cylindrical non-metallic parts are inserted and filled with insulating material that is breathable and not penetrated by moisture.

2. The building construction method according to item 1, c h a r a ct e r i z e d in that the openings are drilled in the horizontal plane of the foundation when the excavation - an underground cavity is provided in the project, before laying the reinforcing material and pouring the areas with concrete, reinforced glass fibre, mortar, rebars them and inserted vertically into the underground cavities, the distance between the centres of which is not more than 3 m, and the layout corresponds to the foundation opening layout.

3. The building construction method according to item 1 , c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the reinforcing materials are inserted into the grooves of structural elements and covered with concrete, reinforced glass fibres mortar.

4. The building construction method according to item 3, charact er i z e d in that the reinforcing material inserted into the opposite grooves, are reinforced with non-metallic anchors, before that the anchors are horizontally inserted in the walls and reinforcing materials are inserted through the openings in their ends.

5. The building construction method according to item 1, characterize d in that the anchors are inserted between the grooves of the opposing the structural building materials, inserting them horizontally.

6. The building construction method according to items 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that optionally metal or non-metal reinforcing rods and reinforcing materials are used for the fastening of structural elements, load-bearing walls with the foundation.

7. The building construction method according to item 4, characterized in that the reinforcing materials inserted into the grooves with anchors are connected with the detachable connection.