WO2012128151A1 - 流動層乾燥装置 - Google Patents
流動層乾燥装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012128151A1 WO2012128151A1 PCT/JP2012/056579 JP2012056579W WO2012128151A1 WO 2012128151 A1 WO2012128151 A1 WO 2012128151A1 JP 2012056579 W JP2012056579 W JP 2012056579W WO 2012128151 A1 WO2012128151 A1 WO 2012128151A1
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- fluidized bed
- drying
- gas
- temperature
- coal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
- F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
- F26B3/084—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed with heat exchange taking place in the fluidised bed, e.g. combined direct and indirect heat exchange
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluidized bed drying apparatus for drying a material to be dried by fluidizing gas.
- the combined coal gasification combined power generation facility is a power generation facility aiming at higher efficiency and higher environmental performance than conventional coal-fired power by gasifying coal and combining it with combined cycle power generation.
- This coal gasification combined cycle power generation facility has a great merit that it can use coal with abundant resources, and it is known that the merit can be further increased by expanding the applicable coal types.
- Conventional coal gasification combined power generation facilities generally have a coal supply device, a drying device, a coal gasification furnace, a gas purification device, a gas turbine facility, a steam turbine facility, an exhaust heat recovery boiler, a gas purification device, and the like. ing. Therefore, the coal is dried and then pulverized, supplied to the coal gasifier as pulverized coal, and air is taken in. The coal gas is combusted and gasified in this coal gasifier, and the product gas (combustible) Gas) is produced. Then, the product gas is purified and then supplied to the gas turbine equipment to burn and generate high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas to drive the turbine.
- the exhaust gas after driving the turbine recovers thermal energy by the exhaust heat recovery boiler, generates steam and supplies it to the steam turbine equipment, and drives the turbine. As a result, power generation is performed.
- the exhaust gas from which the thermal energy has been recovered is released into the atmosphere through a chimney after harmful substances are removed by the gas purification device.
- the coal used in such a coal gasification combined power generation facility is not only a high-grade coal (high-grade coal) having a high calorific value such as bituminous coal and anthracite, but also a comparison such as sub-bituminous coal and lignite
- high-grade coal high-grade coal
- low-grade coal low-grade coal
- This low-grade coal has a large amount of moisture to be brought in, and the power generation efficiency decreases due to this moisture. For this reason, in the case of low-grade coal, it is necessary to dry the coal with the above-described drying apparatus to remove moisture and then pulverize and supply the coal gasifier.
- Patent Document 1 As a drying apparatus for drying such coal, there is one described in Patent Document 1 below.
- the control method and apparatus for a fluidized bed dryer described in Patent Document 1 introduces exhaust gas, which is a heat source, into a fluidized bed dryer as a heat source / fluidized gas to dry the wet raw material, and is introduced into the lower part thereof.
- the FBD introduction gas amount is set to a constant value for stabilizing the fluidized bed, the processing amount and the dryness are set, and the exhaust gas system
- the exhaust gas relative humidity at the FBD outlet is set, the exhaust gas temperature of the heat source is measured, and the FBD introduction gas temperature, bypass exhaust gas amount, circulating exhaust gas amount as control variables according to the fluctuations
- the exhaust gas amount of the heat source is calculated and controlled.
- the exhaust gas temperature as a heat source for introducing the fluidized gas into the fluidized bed dryer and drying the wet raw material is measured, and the fluidized bed is changed according to the variation. It controls the temperature at which the dryer is introduced, the amount of bypass exhaust gas, the amount of circulating exhaust gas, and the amount of exhaust gas from the heat source.
- the fluidized bed dryer has a long response time due to the large heat capacity of the wet raw material and the dryer body that are put inside, and the temperature inside the fluidized bed dryer can be adjusted early even if the temperature and amount of exhaust gas are adjusted.
- This invention solves the subject mentioned above, and aims at providing the fluidized-bed drying apparatus which can improve a drying efficiency.
- the fluidized bed drying apparatus of the present invention includes a drying container having a hollow shape, a wet raw material charging unit for charging a wet raw material into one end of the drying container, and the other end of the drying container.
- a dry matter discharge unit that discharges a dry product obtained by heating and drying the wet raw material
- a fluidized gas supply unit that forms a fluidized bed together with the wet raw material by supplying a fluidizing gas to a lower part of the drying container, and the dry container
- a gas discharge unit that discharges fluidized gas and generated steam from above the wet raw material input unit on one end side, a heating unit that heats the wet raw material of the fluidized bed, and a dew point that changes the dew point temperature in the drying container
- a temperature changing device a fluidized bed temperature detection sensor for detecting the temperature of the fluidized bed, and a control device for controlling the dew point temperature changing device based on a detection result of the fluidized bed temperature detection sensor. Do Than is.
- the wet raw material flows by the fluidizing gas.
- a fluidized bed is formed, and the wet raw material of the fluidized bed is heated by the heating unit to be dried to become a dry product.
- the dry product is discharged to the outside from the dry product discharge unit, while the fluidized gas and the wet raw material are discharged. Vapor generated by drying is discharged from the gas discharge portion to the outside.
- the fluidized bed temperature detection sensor detects the temperature of the fluidized bed, and when the temperature of the fluidized bed fluctuates, the control device controls the dew point temperature changing device to change the dew point temperature in the drying container. Then, the drying degree of the wet raw material in the drying container becomes constant, and it becomes possible to always perform a stable drying process of the wet raw material, and it is possible to improve the drying efficiency.
- the dew point temperature changing device is a pressure reducing device that changes the pressure in the drying container, and the control device controls the pressure reducing device based on the temperature of the fluidized bed. It is characterized by that.
- the temperature of the fluidized bed is determined by the dew point temperature that depends on the partial pressure of water vapor in the drying vessel. Therefore, by changing the pressure in the drying vessel based on the temperature of the fluidized bed, The deviation between the temperature and the dew point temperature in the drying container can be maintained at a predetermined value, so that a stable wet raw material drying process can always be performed.
- control device controls the pressure reducing device to lower the pressure in the drying container when the temperature of the fluidized bed is lowered.
- the pressure in the drying container is decreased, whereby the deviation between the temperature of the fluidized bed and the dew point temperature in the drying container can be easily maintained at a predetermined value.
- the fluidized gas supply unit can supply water vapor and non-condensable gas as fluidized gas to the lower part of the drying container, and the dew point temperature changing device is fluidized.
- the temperature of the fluidized bed is determined by the dew point temperature of the steam depending on the water vapor partial pressure in the drying container, by adjusting the water vapor concentration in the drying container based on the temperature of the fluidized bed, The deviation between the temperature of the fluidized bed and the dew point temperature in the drying container can be maintained at a predetermined value, and a stable wet raw material drying process can always be performed.
- control device controls the water vapor concentration adjusting device to reduce the water vapor concentration in the drying container when the temperature of the fluidized bed is lowered.
- the deviation between the temperature of the fluidized bed and the dew point in the drying vessel can be easily maintained at a predetermined value by reducing the water vapor concentration in the drying vessel when the temperature of the fluidized bed is lowered.
- the fluidized bed drying apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that the control device increases the supply amount of the non-condensable gas when the temperature of the fluidized bed decreases.
- the control device decreases the supply amount of water vapor while increasing the supply amount of non-condensable gas, thereby fluidizing gas. It is characterized by maintaining a constant amount.
- the amount of fluidized gas in the drying vessel is maintained at a constant amount by decreasing the amount of water vapor supplied while increasing the amount of non-condensable gas supplied.
- the pressure acting on the drying container does not become excessive, and safety can be improved.
- the dew point temperature changing device that changes the dew point temperature in the drying container
- the fluidized bed temperature detection sensor that detects the temperature of the fluidized bed
- the detection result of the fluidized bed temperature detection sensor Since the control device for controlling the dew point temperature changing device is provided, the degree of drying of the wet raw material in the drying container is constant, and it becomes possible to always perform a stable drying process of the wet raw material, thereby improving the drying efficiency. be able to.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coal gasification combined power generation facility to which a fluidized bed drying apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the fluidized bed drying apparatus of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the dew point temperature with respect to the pressure in the container.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fluidized bed drying apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the dew point temperature with respect to the water vapor concentration in the drying container.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a fluidized bed drying apparatus according to Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a coal gasification combined power generation facility to which a fluidized bed drying apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fluidized bed drying apparatus of the first embodiment
- FIG. It is a graph showing dew point temperature with respect to the pressure in a container.
- the combined coal gasification combined power generation facility (IGCC: Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle) of Example 1 employs an air combustion method in which coal gas is generated in a gasification furnace using air as an oxidant, and is purified by a gas purification device. Coal gas is supplied as fuel gas to gas turbine equipment to generate electricity. That is, the combined coal gasification combined power generation facility of this embodiment is a power generation facility of an air combustion system (air blowing). In this case, low-grade coal is used as the wet raw material supplied to the gasifier.
- the coal gasification combined power generation facility 10 includes a coal supply device 11, a fluidized bed drying device 12, a pulverized coal machine (mill) 13, a coal gasification furnace 14, and a char recovery device 15. , A gas refining device 16, a gas turbine facility 17, a steam turbine facility 18, a generator 19, and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) 20.
- the coal feeder 11 includes a raw coal bunker 21, a coal feeder 22, and a crusher 23.
- the raw coal bunker 21 can store low-grade coal, and can drop a predetermined amount of low-grade coal into the coal feeder 22.
- the coal feeder 22 can transport the low-grade coal dropped from the raw coal bunker 21 by a conveyor or the like and drop it on the crusher 23.
- the crusher 23 can crush the dropped low-grade coal into a predetermined size.
- the fluidized bed drying device 12 supplies drying steam (superheated steam) to the low-grade coal introduced by the coal feeder 11 so as to heat and dry the low-grade coal while flowing. Moisture contained in the graded coal can be removed.
- the fluidized bed drying device 12 is provided with a cooler 31 for cooling the dried low-grade coal taken out from the lower portion, and the dried and cooled dried coal is stored in the dried coal bunker 32.
- the fluidized bed drying apparatus 12 is provided with a dry coal cyclone 33 and a dry coal electrostatic precipitator 34 for separating dry coal particles from steam taken out from above, and the dry coal particles separated from the steam are dried coal bunker. 32 is stored.
- the steam from which the dry coal has been separated by the dry coal electrostatic precipitator 34 is compressed by the steam compressor 35 and then supplied to the fluidized bed drying device 12 as drying steam.
- the pulverized coal machine 13 is a coal pulverizer, and produces pulverized coal by pulverizing the low-grade coal (dried coal) dried by the fluidized bed dryer 12 into fine particles. That is, in the pulverized coal machine 13, the dry coal stored in the dry coal bunker 32 is dropped by the coal feeder 36, and this dry coal) is converted into low-grade coal having a predetermined particle size or less, that is, pulverized coal. .
- the pulverized coal after being pulverized by the pulverized coal machine 13 is separated from the conveying gas by the pulverized coal bag filters 37a and 37b and stored in the pulverized coal supply hoppers 38a and 38b.
- the coal gasification furnace 14 can supply pulverized coal processed by the pulverized coal machine 13 and can be recycled by returning the char (unburned coal) recovered by the char recovery device 15. .
- the coal gasification furnace 14 is connected to the compressed air supply line 41 from the gas turbine equipment 17 (compressor 61), and can supply the compressed air compressed by the gas turbine equipment 17.
- the air separation device 42 separates and generates nitrogen and oxygen from air in the atmosphere.
- a first nitrogen supply line 43 is connected to the coal gasifier 14, and a pulverized coal supply hopper is connected to the first nitrogen supply line 43.
- Charging lines 44a and 44b from 38a and 38b are connected.
- the second nitrogen supply line 45 is also connected to the coal gasification furnace 14, and the char return line 46 from the char recovery device 15 is connected to the second nitrogen supply line 45.
- the oxygen supply line 47 is connected to the compressed air supply line 41.
- nitrogen is used as a carrier gas for coal and char
- oxygen is used as an oxidant.
- the coal gasification furnace 14 is, for example, a spouted bed type gasification furnace, which combusts and gasifies coal, char, air (oxygen) supplied therein or water vapor as a gasifying agent, and produces carbon dioxide.
- a combustible gas (product gas, coal gas) containing carbon as a main component is generated, and a gasification reaction takes place using this combustible gas as a gasifying agent.
- the coal gasification furnace 14 is provided with a foreign matter removing device 48 that removes foreign matter mixed with pulverized coal.
- the coal gasification furnace 14 is not limited to the spouted bed gasification furnace, and may be a fluidized bed gasification furnace or a fixed bed gasification furnace.
- the coal gasification furnace 14 is provided with a gas generation line 49 for combustible gas toward the char recovery device 15, and can discharge combustible gas containing char.
- a gas generation line 49 for combustible gas toward the char recovery device 15, and can discharge combustible gas containing char.
- the combustible gas may be cooled to a predetermined temperature and then supplied to the char recovery device 15.
- the char collection device 15 has a dust collector 51 and a supply hopper 52.
- the dust collector 51 is constituted by one or a plurality of bag filters or cyclones, and can separate char contained in the combustible gas generated in the coal gasification furnace 14.
- the combustible gas from which the char has been separated is sent to the gas purification device 16 through the gas discharge line 53.
- the hopper 52 stores the char separated from the combustible gas by the dust collector 51.
- a bin may be disposed between the dust collector 51 and the supply hopper 52, and a plurality of supply hoppers 52 may be connected to the bin.
- a char return line 46 from the supply hopper 52 is connected to the second nitrogen supply line 45.
- the gas purification device 16 performs gas purification by removing impurities such as sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds from the combustible gas from which the char has been separated by the char recovery device 15.
- the gas purifier 16 purifies the combustible gas to produce fuel gas and supplies it to the gas turbine equipment 17.
- the sulfur is finally removed by removing it with the amine absorbing solution. Is recovered as gypsum and used effectively.
- the gas turbine equipment 17 includes a compressor 61, a combustor 62, and a turbine 63, and the compressor 61 and the turbine 63 are connected by a rotating shaft 64.
- the combustor 62 has a compressed air supply line 65 connected to the compressor 61, a fuel gas supply line 66 connected to the gas purifier 16, and a combustion gas supply line 67 connected to the turbine 63.
- the gas turbine equipment 17 is provided with a compressed air supply line 41 extending from the compressor 61 to the coal gasification furnace 14, and a booster 68 is provided in the middle.
- the compressed air supplied from the compressor 61 and the fuel gas supplied from the gas purifier 16 are mixed and burned, and the rotating shaft 64 is rotated by the generated combustion gas in the turbine 63. By doing so, the generator 19 can be driven.
- the steam turbine facility 18 has a turbine 69 connected to the rotating shaft 64 in the gas turbine facility 17, and the generator 19 is connected to the base end portion of the rotating shaft 64.
- the exhaust heat recovery boiler 20 is provided in the exhaust gas line 70 from the gas turbine equipment 17 (the turbine 63), and generates steam by exchanging heat between the air and the high temperature exhaust gas. Therefore, the exhaust heat recovery boiler 20 is provided with the steam supply line 71 between the steam turbine equipment 18 and the turbine 69 of the steam turbine equipment 18, the steam recovery line 72 is provided, and the steam recovery line 72 is provided with the condenser 73. Yes. Therefore, in the steam turbine facility 18, the turbine 69 is driven by the steam supplied from the exhaust heat recovery boiler 20, and the generator 19 can be driven by rotating the rotating shaft 64.
- the exhaust gas from which heat has been recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 20 has harmful substances removed by the gas purification device 74, and the purified exhaust gas is discharged from the chimney 75 to the atmosphere.
- raw coal low-grade coal
- the machine 22 drops the crusher 23 where it is crushed to a predetermined size.
- the crushed low-grade coal is heated and dried by the fluidized bed drying device 12, cooled by the cooler 31, and stored in the dry coal bunker 32.
- the steam taken out from the upper part of the fluidized bed drying device 12 is separated into dry coal particles by the dry coal cyclone 33 and the dry coal electrostatic precipitator 34 and compressed by the steam compressor 35 before being supplied to the fluidized bed drying device 12. Returned as drying steam.
- the dry coal particles separated from the steam are stored in the dry coal bunker 32.
- the dry coal stored in the dry coal bunker 32 is fed into the pulverized coal machine 13 by the coal feeder 36, where it is pulverized into fine particles to produce pulverized coal, and through the pulverized coal bag filters 37a and 37b. And stored in the pulverized coal supply hoppers 38a and 38b.
- the pulverized coal stored in the pulverized coal supply hoppers 38 a and 38 b is supplied to the coal gasification furnace 14 through the first nitrogen supply line 43 by nitrogen supplied from the air separation device 42.
- the char recovered by the char recovery device 15 described later is supplied to the coal gasifier 14 through the second nitrogen supply line 45 by nitrogen supplied from the air separation device 42.
- the compressed air extracted from the gas turbine equipment 17 to be described later is boosted by the booster 68 and then supplied to the coal gasification furnace 14 through the compressed air supply line 41 together with oxygen supplied from the air separation device 42.
- the supplied pulverized coal and char are combusted by compressed air (oxygen), and the pulverized coal and char are gasified to generate combustible gas (coal gas) mainly composed of carbon dioxide. Can be generated.
- the combustible gas is discharged from the coal gasifier 14 through the gas generation line 49 and sent to the char recovery device 15.
- the combustible gas is first supplied to the dust collector 51, whereby the char contained in the gas is separated from the combustible gas.
- the combustible gas from which the char has been separated is sent to the gas purification device 16 through the gas discharge line 53.
- the fine char separated from the combustible gas is deposited on the hopper 52, returned to the coal gasifier 14 through the char return line 46, and recycled.
- the combustible gas from which the char has been separated by the char recovery device 15 is gas purified by removing impurities such as sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds in the gas purification device 16 to produce fuel gas.
- the gas turbine facility 17 when the compressor 61 generates compressed air and supplies the compressed air to the combustor 62, the combustor 62 is supplied from the compressed air supplied from the compressor 61 and the gas purification device 16. Combustion gas is generated by mixing with fuel gas and combusting, and the turbine 63 is driven by this combustion gas, so that the generator 19 can be driven via the rotating shaft 64 to generate power.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the turbine 63 in the gas turbine equipment 17 generates steam by exchanging heat with air in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 20, and supplies the generated steam to the steam turbine equipment 18. .
- the generator 69 can be driven through the rotating shaft 64 to generate electric power by driving the turbine 69 with the steam supplied from the exhaust heat recovery boiler 20.
- the fluidized bed drying apparatus 12 includes a drying container 101, a raw coal charging port (wet raw material charging unit) 102, a dry coal discharging port (dry matter discharging unit) 103, and a fluidizing gas supply port. (Fluidized gas supply unit) 104, gas discharge port (gas discharge unit) 105, and heat transfer tube (heating unit) 106.
- the drying container 101 has a hollow box shape, and is formed with a raw coal charging port 102 for charging raw coal on one end side, and on the other end side, dried charcoal for discharging a dried product obtained by heating and drying raw coal.
- a discharge port 103 is formed.
- the drying container 101 is provided with a dispersion plate 107 having a plurality of openings at a predetermined distance from the bottom plate at the bottom, and fluidization that supplies fluidized gas (superheated steam) into the drying container 101 on the bottom plate.
- a gas supply port 104 is formed. In this case, a plurality of fluidizing gas supply ports 104 are provided in the longitudinal direction of the drying container 101, but one may be used.
- the drying container 101 has a gas discharge port 105 for discharging the fluidized gas and the generated steam at the upper part on the dry coal discharge port 103 side.
- the drying container 101 is supplied with raw coal from the raw coal inlet 102 and supplied with fluidizing gas from the fluidizing gas supply port 104 through the dispersion plate 107, so that a predetermined thickness is provided above the dispersion plate 107.
- a fluidized bed S is formed, and a free board portion F is formed above the fluidized bed S.
- a heat transfer pipe 106 that circulates in the fluidized bed S from the outside through the drying container 101 is disposed, and the raw coal can be heated and dried by the superheated steam flowing in the heat transfer pipe 106.
- the drying container 101 is provided with a fluidizing gas supply line 111 for each fluidizing gas supply port 104, and a flow rate adjusting valve 112 is attached to the fluidizing gas supply line 111. Further, the drying container 101 is provided with a gas discharge line 113 for the gas discharge port 105, and a flow rate adjusting valve 114 and a fan 115 are attached to the gas discharge line 113. Further, in the drying container 101, the heat transfer pipe 106 is disposed in the fluidized bed S, and a flow rate adjustment valve 116 is attached to the superheated steam supply side of the heat transfer pipe 106.
- the drying container 101 is provided with a first temperature sensor (fluidized bed temperature detection sensor) 121 for detecting the temperature of the fluidized bed S and a second temperature sensor 122 for detecting the temperature of the free board portion F. Yes. Further, the drying container 101 is provided with a pressure sensor 123 that detects the pressure of the drying container 101.
- a first temperature sensor fluidized bed temperature detection sensor
- the control device 125 includes a temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S detected by the first temperature sensor 121, a temperature T2 of the free board portion F detected by the second temperature sensor 122, and a pressure P of the drying container 101 detected by the pressure sensor 123. Is entered. Further, the control device 125 adjusts the fluidizing gas supply amount supplied from the fluidizing gas supply ports 104 into the drying container 101 through the fluidizing gas supply line 111 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 112. can do. In addition, the control device 125 is discharged from the drying container 101 to the gas discharge line 113 through the gas discharge port 105 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 114 or adjusting the rotation speed of the fan 115.
- the amount of steam (fluidized gas amount + generated steam amount) can be adjusted. Furthermore, the control device 125 can adjust the heating amount of the fluidized bed S by adjusting the amount of superheated steam flowing through the heat transfer pipe 106 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 116.
- the dew point temperature in the drying container 101 is changed by adjusting the pressure in the drying container 101 according to the temperature variation in the fluidized bed S.
- a pressure reducing device is used as a dew point temperature changing device for changing the dew point temperature in the drying container 101, and specifically, a flow rate adjusting valve 114 provided in the gas discharge line 113 is applied.
- the flow rate adjusting valve 112 by setting the flow rate adjusting valve 112 to a predetermined opening, a predetermined amount of fluidizing gas is supplied through the fluidizing gas supply line 111, while the fan 115 is rotated at a predetermined number of revolutions, and the flow rate adjusting valve 114 is By setting to a predetermined opening, when a predetermined amount of steam in the drying container 101 is discharged, the pressure (total pressure) in the drying container 101 is maintained at a predetermined pressure.
- the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 114 In this operation state, if the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 114 is increased, the amount of steam discharged from the inside of the drying container 101 increases, so that the pressure in the drying container 101 can be reduced. On the other hand, when the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 114 is reduced in the above-described operation state, the amount of steam discharged from the inside of the drying container 101 decreases, so that the pressure in the drying container 101 can be increased.
- the pressure in the drying container 101 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 114. However, the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 114 is made constant or eliminated, and the rotation speed of the fan 115 is adjusted. By adjusting the pressure, the pressure in the drying container 101 may be adjusted.
- the dew point temperature in the drying container 101 can be increased or decreased.
- the temperature of the fluidized bed S is determined by the dew point temperature of the water vapor that depends on the water vapor partial pressure in the drying vessel 101
- the pressure in the drying vessel 101 is changed based on the temperature of the fluidized bed S. By doing so, it becomes possible to maintain the deviation between the temperature of the fluidized bed S and the dew point temperature in the drying container at a predetermined value, and it is possible to always give a certain degree of heating to the raw coal of the fluidized bed S. It becomes.
- control device 125 adjusts the pressure in the drying container 101 by adjusting the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve 114 based on the detection result of the first temperature detection sensor 121, and adjusts the pressure in the drying container 101. Change the dew point temperature. That is, when the temperature of the fluidized bed S decreases, the control device 125 increases the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 114 and decreases the pressure in the drying container 101.
- the raw coal is supplied from the raw coal inlet 102 to the drying container 101 and the fluidized gas is supplied from the fluidized gas supply port 104 through the dispersion plate 107.
- a fluidized bed S having a predetermined thickness is formed above the dispersion plate 107.
- the raw coal moves through the fluidized bed S to the dry coal discharge port 103 side by the fluidizing gas, and is heated and dried by receiving heat from the heat transfer tube 106 at this time.
- the raw coal is heated and dried by the heat from the heat transfer tube 106 while moving from the raw coal inlet 102 to the dry coal outlet 103.
- the raw coal is in a preheated state immediately after being fed from the raw coal inlet 102, and the water hardly evaporates.
- the water evaporation starts and gradually increases. Then, the amount of evaporation becomes maximum, and decreases as the dry coal discharge port 103 is approached.
- the dry coal from which the raw coal has been dried is discharged to the outside through the dry coal discharge port 103, and the steam generated when the raw coal is heated and dried in the fluidized bed S rises together with the fluidized gas and is discharged into the gas.
- the gas is discharged from the outlet 105 to the outside.
- the control device 125 supplies a predetermined amount of fluidizing gas through the fluidizing gas supply line 111 by setting the flow rate adjustment valve 112 to a predetermined opening degree.
- the control device 125 rotates the fan 115 at a predetermined rotational speed and sets the flow rate adjustment valve 114 to a predetermined opening, thereby discharging a predetermined amount of steam in the drying container 101.
- the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S in the drying vessel 101 is maintained at 110 ° C., and the pressure (total pressure) is maintained at 100 kPa.
- the pressure P in the drying container 101 and the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S are set such that a deviation Ta between the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S in the drying container 101 and the dew point temperature in the drying container 101 is set.
- the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S decreases.
- the control device 125 detects that the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S has decreased from 110 ° C. to 105 ° C.
- the control device 125 increases the opening of the flow regulating valve 114. Then, since the amount of steam discharged from the drying container 101 increases, the pressure in the drying container 101 is reduced, and the dew point temperature in the drying container 101 decreases.
- the relationship among the temperature T1, the dew point temperature, and the pressure P of the fluidized bed S is preferably mapped in advance according to the form of the fluidized bed drying device 12.
- control device 125 decreases the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve 114, and reverses the drying. A predetermined deviation between the temperature T1 in the container 101 and the dew point temperature is secured.
- the drying container 101 having a hollow box shape, the raw coal charging port 102 for charging the raw coal to one end of the drying container 101, and the drying container 101 A dry coal discharge port 103 for discharging dry coal obtained by heating and drying the raw coal from the other end side, and a fluidized gas supply port for forming a fluidized bed S together with the raw coal by supplying a fluidizing gas to the lower part of the drying vessel 101.
- a gas discharge port 105 for discharging fluidized gas and generated steam from above the raw coal input port 102 on one end side of the drying vessel 101, and a heat transfer tube 106 for heating the raw coal of the fluidized bed S are provided and controlled.
- the device 125 changes the pressure P in the drying container 101 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 114 of the gas discharge line 113 based on the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S detected by the first temperature sensor 121. Change dew point temperature It is.
- the control device 125 adjusts the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 114 and adjusts the pressure P in the drying container 101 to change the dew point temperature. Then, the degree of drying of the raw coal in the drying container 101 becomes constant, and it becomes possible to always perform a stable raw coal drying process, and it is possible to improve the drying efficiency.
- control device 125 changes the dew point temperature by adjusting the pressure P in the drying container 101 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 114 based on the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S. Specifically, the control device 125 decreases the pressure P in the drying container 101 by increasing the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 114 when the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S decreases.
- the temperature of the fluidized bed S is determined by the dew point temperature that depends on the water vapor partial pressure in the drying vessel 101, the pressure P in the drying vessel 101 is changed based on the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S.
- the deviation between the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S and the dew point temperature in the drying vessel 101 can be maintained at a predetermined value, and a stable raw coal drying process can always be performed.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fluidized bed drying apparatus according to Example 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the dew point temperature with respect to the water vapor concentration in the drying container.
- symbol is attached
- the fluidized bed drying apparatus 12 includes a drying container 101, a raw coal inlet 102, a dry coal outlet 103, a fluidized gas supply port 104, and a gas outlet 105. And a heat transfer tube 106.
- the drying container 101 is provided with a fluidizing gas supply line 111 for each fluidizing gas supply port 104.
- a water vapor supply line 131 is provided and a flow rate adjustment valve 132 is attached, a non-condensable gas supply line 133 is provided and a flow rate adjustment valve 134 is attached, and the two lines 131 and 133 are merged.
- the fluidizing gas supply line 111 is formed.
- the water vapor supply line 131 and the non-condensable gas supply line 133 are positioned upstream of the flow rate adjusting valves 132 and 134, and flow meters 135 and 136 for measuring the water vapor supply amount and the non-condensable gas supply amount are provided.
- the non-condensable gas is, for example, combustion exhaust gas, argon gas, nitrogen gas, or the like.
- the drying container 101 is provided with a gas discharge line 113 with respect to the gas discharge port 105, and a flow meter 137 is attached. Further, a flow rate adjusting valve 116 is mounted on the superheated steam supply side of the heat transfer tube 106. In addition, the drying container 101 is provided with a first temperature sensor 121 that detects the temperature of the fluidized bed S and a second temperature sensor 122 that detects the temperature of the free board portion F.
- the controller 125 receives the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S detected by the first temperature sensor 121 and the temperature T2 of the free board part F detected by the second temperature sensor 122. In addition, the control device 125 adjusts the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 132 so that the superheated steam supplied from the fluidized gas supply ports 104 into the drying container 101 through the steam supply line 131 and the fluidized gas supply line 111. The supply amount can be adjusted. Further, the control device 125 adjusts the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 134 so that the control device 125 is supplied into the drying container 101 from each fluidized gas supply port 104 through the non-condensable gas supply line 133 and the fluidized gas supply line 111. The amount of non-condensable gas supplied can be adjusted.
- the dew point temperature in the drying container 101 is changed by adjusting the water vapor concentration in the drying container 101 in accordance with the temperature variation in the fluidized bed S.
- a water vapor concentration adjusting device is used as a dew point temperature changing device for changing the dew point temperature in the drying container 101.
- a flow rate adjusting valve 134 provided in the non-condensable gas supply line 133 is applied. ing. That is, a predetermined amount of superheated steam is supplied through the fluidized gas supply line 111 while the flow rate adjustment valve 132 provided in the steam supply line 131 is set to a predetermined opening degree, while the non-condensable gas supply line 133 is provided. By closing the flow rate adjusting valve 134, the water vapor concentration in the drying container 101 is maintained at 100%.
- the water vapor concentration is adjusted by supplying the non-condensable gas into the drying container 101 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 134. It is preferable to reduce the amount of superheated steam by reducing the opening of the flow rate adjusting valve 132. That is, it is preferable that the amount of fluidized gas supplied into the drying vessel 101 be kept constant by making the increase amount of the non-condensable gas the same as the decrease amount of the superheated steam. Further, when the raw coal in the drying vessel 101 is insufficiently fluidized, when the supply amount of the non-condensable gas from the non-condensable gas supply line 133 is increased, the amount of superheated steam from the steam supply line 131 is increased. Without reducing the amount of heat, or the amount of decrease in superheated steam may be less than the amount of increase in non-condensable gas to increase the total amount of fluidized gas.
- the dew point temperature in the drying container 101 can be increased or decreased.
- the temperature of the fluidized bed S is determined by the dew point temperature of the water vapor that depends on the partial pressure of water vapor in the drying vessel 101
- the water vapor concentration in the drying vessel 101 is determined based on the temperature of the fluidized bed S.
- the control device 125 adjusts the water vapor concentration in the drying container 101 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valves 132 and 134 based on the detection result of the first temperature detection sensor 121, and this drying container The dew point temperature in 101 is changed. That is, when the temperature of the fluidized bed S decreases, the control device 125 increases the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 134 and supplies the noncondensable gas into the drying container 101 to decrease the water vapor concentration.
- the raw coal is supplied from the raw coal inlet 102 to the drying container 101 and the fluidized gas is supplied from the fluidized gas supply port 104 through the dispersion plate 107.
- a fluidized bed S having a predetermined thickness is formed above the dispersion plate 107.
- the raw coal moves through the fluidized bed S to the dry coal discharge port 103 side by the fluidizing gas, and is heated and dried by receiving heat from the heat transfer tube 106 at this time.
- the raw coal is heated and dried by the heat from the heat transfer tube 106 while moving from the raw coal inlet 102 to the dry coal outlet 103.
- the raw coal is in a preheated state immediately after being fed from the raw coal inlet 102, and the water hardly evaporates.
- the water evaporation starts and gradually increases. Then, the amount of evaporation becomes maximum, and decreases as the dry coal discharge port 103 is approached.
- the dry coal from which the raw coal has been dried is discharged to the outside through the dry coal discharge port 103, and the steam generated when the raw coal is heated and dried in the fluidized bed S rises together with the fluidized gas and is discharged into the gas.
- the gas is discharged from the outlet 105 to the outside.
- the control device 125 sets the flow rate adjustment valve 132 to a predetermined opening, thereby allowing a predetermined amount of superheated steam (from the steam supply line 131 to flow through the fluidizing gas supply line 111).
- a predetermined amount of steam is pushed out from the gas discharge line 113 and discharged.
- the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S in the drying vessel 101 is maintained at 110 ° C., and the pressure (total pressure) is maintained at 100 kPa.
- the water vapor concentration C in the drying container 101 and the temperature of the fluidized bed S are set such that a deviation Tc between the dew point temperature in the drying container 101 and the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S in the drying container 101 is set.
- the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S decreases.
- the control device 125 detects that the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S has decreased from 110 ° C. to 105 ° C.
- the control device 125 increases the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 134 and increases the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 132. Make it smaller.
- the amount of non-condensable gas into the drying container 101 increases, the amount of superheated steam decreases, the water vapor concentration in the drying container 101 decreases, and the dew point temperature in the drying container 101 decreases.
- the opening degree of 134 is adjusted.
- the relationship between the temperature T1, the dew point temperature, and the water vapor concentration C of the fluidized bed S is preferably mapped in advance according to the form of the fluidized bed drying device 12.
- the amount of steam generated in the drying container 101 is calculated based on the measurement results of the flow meters 135, 136, and 137, and the water vapor concentration in the drying container 101, that is, the gas discharge line 113 is obtained.
- the feedback control may be performed based on the water vapor concentration.
- the control device 125 increases the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve 132, while adjusting the flow rate.
- the opening degree of the valve 134 is decreased, and a predetermined deviation between the temperature T1 and the dew point temperature in the drying container 101 is ensured.
- the water vapor supply line 131 is provided at the lower portion of the drying container 101 and the flow rate adjustment valve 132 is mounted, and the non-condensable gas supply line 133 is provided and the flow rate is adjusted.
- the valve 134 is mounted, and the control device 125 adjusts the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valves 132 and 134 based on the temperature of the fluidized bed S detected by the first temperature sensor 121, so that the water vapor concentration C in the drying container 101 is adjusted. To change the dew point temperature.
- the control device 125 adjusts the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valves 132 and 134, adjusts the water vapor concentration C in the drying container 101, and changes the dew point temperature. Then, the degree of drying of the raw coal in the drying container 101 becomes constant, and it becomes possible to always perform a stable raw coal drying process, and it is possible to improve the drying efficiency.
- the controller 125 changes the dew point temperature by adjusting the water vapor concentration C in the drying container 101 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valves 132 and 134 based on the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S. Yes. Specifically, the control device 125 decreases the water vapor concentration C in the drying container 101 by increasing the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 134 when the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S decreases.
- the temperature of the fluidized bed S is determined by the dew point temperature of the water vapor that depends on the partial pressure of water vapor in the drying vessel 101, the water vapor concentration in the drying vessel 101 is adjusted based on the temperature of the fluidized bed S. By doing so, it becomes possible to maintain the deviation between the temperature T1 of the fluidized bed S and the dew point temperature in the drying vessel 101 at a predetermined value, and a stable raw coal drying process can always be performed.
- the control device 125 increases the supply amount of the non-condensable gas by increasing the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve 134. Yes. Accordingly, the amount of fluidized gas in the drying container 101 is increased, fluidization of raw coal can be promoted, and drying efficiency can be improved.
- the control device 125 decreases the opening amount of the flow rate adjustment valve 132 to reduce the supply amount of superheated steam.
- the fluidizing gas amount is kept constant by increasing the opening of the regulating valve 134 and increasing the supply amount of the non-condensable gas. Therefore, the amount of fluidized gas in the drying container 101 is maintained at a constant amount, the pressure acting on the drying container 101 is not excessive, and safety can be improved.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a fluidized bed drying apparatus according to Example 3 of the present invention.
- symbol is attached
- Example 3 is an example in which Example 1 and Example 2 are combined.
- the drying container 101 is provided with a fluidizing gas supply line 111 with respect to the fluidizing gas supply port 104.
- the fluidized gas supply line 111 is connected to the water vapor supply line 131 and the flow rate adjustment valve 132 is attached, and the non-condensable gas supply line 133 is connected and the flow rate adjustment valve 134 is attached.
- the drying container 101 is provided with a gas discharge line 113 for the gas discharge port 105, and a flow rate adjusting valve 114 and a fan 115 are mounted.
- control apparatus 125 adjusts the pressure in the drying container 101 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow control valve 114 based on the detection result of the 1st temperature detection sensor 121, and the dew point temperature in this drying container 101 To change. That is, when the temperature of the fluidized bed S decreases, the control device 125 increases the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 114 and decreases the pressure in the drying container 101. Further, the control device 125 adjusts the water vapor concentration in the drying container 101 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valves 132 and 134 based on the detection result of the first temperature detection sensor 121, and the inside of the drying container 101 is adjusted. Change the dew point temperature.
- control device 125 increases the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 134 to supply non-condensable gas, while reducing the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 132 and drying the flow rate adjustment valve 132.
- the water vapor concentration in the container 101 is reduced.
- control device 125 may change the dew point temperature by adjusting the pressure in the drying container 101 based on the temperature of the fluidized bed S, or adjust the water vapor concentration in the drying container 101 to adjust the dew point temperature. May be changed or performed simultaneously.
- low-grade coal was used as a wet raw material, but even high-grade coal can be applied, and is not limited to coal, but can be used as a renewable biological organic resource.
- high-grade coal it is also possible to use thinned wood, waste wood, driftwood, grass, waste, sludge, tires, and recycled fuel (pellets and chips) made from these raw materials. .
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Abstract
Description
12 流動層乾燥装置
13 微粉炭機
14 石炭ガス化炉
15 チャー回収装置
16 ガス精製装置
17 ガスタービン設備
18 蒸気タービン設備
19 発電機
20 排熱回収ボイラ
101 乾燥容器
102 原炭投入口(湿潤原料投入部)
103 乾燥炭排出口(乾燥物排出部)
104 流動化ガス供給口(流動化ガス供給部)
105 ガス排出口(ガス排出部)
106 伝熱管(加熱部)
111 流動化ガス供給ライン
112 流量調整弁
113 ガス排出ライン
114 流量調整弁(露点温度変更装置、減圧装置)
115 ファン
121 第1温度センサ(流動層温度検出センサ)
122 第2温度センサ
123 圧力センサ
125 制御装置
131 水蒸気供給ライン
132 流量調整弁(露点温度変更装置、水蒸気濃度調整装置)
133 非凝縮性ガス供給ライン
134 流量調整弁(露点温度変更装置、水蒸気濃度調整装置)
Claims (7)
- 中空形状をなす乾燥容器と、
該乾燥容器の一端側に湿潤原料を投入する湿潤原料投入部と、
前記乾燥容器の他端側から湿潤原料が加熱乾燥した乾燥物を排出する乾燥物排出部と、
前記乾燥容器の下部に流動化ガスを供給することで湿潤原料と共に流動層を形成する流動化ガス供給部と、
前記乾燥容器の一端側における前記湿潤原料投入部より上方から流動化ガス及び発生蒸気を排出するガス排出部と、
前記流動層の湿潤原料を加熱する加熱部と、
前記乾燥容器内の露点温度を変更する露点温度変更装置と、
前記流動層の温度を検出する流動層温度検出センサと、
該流動層温度検出センサの検出結果に基づいて前記露点温度変更装置を制御する制御装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする流動層乾燥装置。 - 前記露点温度変更装置は、前記乾燥容器内の圧力を変更する減圧装置であって、前記制御装置は、前記流動層の温度に基づいて前記減圧装置を制御することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の流動層乾燥装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記流動層の温度が低下したときに前記減圧装置を制御して前記乾燥容器内の圧力を低下させることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の流動層乾燥装置。
- 前記流動化ガス供給部は、前記乾燥容器の下部に流動化ガスとしての水蒸気及び非凝縮性ガスを供給可能であり、前記露点温度変更装置は、前記流動化ガス供給部を制御して前記乾燥容器内の水蒸気濃度を調整する装置であって、前記制御装置は、前記流動層の温度に基づいて前記水蒸気濃度調整装置を制御することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の流動層乾燥装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記流動層の温度が低下したときに、前記水蒸気濃度調整装置を制御して前記乾燥容器内の水蒸気濃度を低下させることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の流動層乾燥装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記流動層の温度が低下したときに、非凝縮性ガスの供給量を増加させることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の流動層乾燥装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記流動層の温度が低下したときに、水蒸気の供給量を減少させる一方、非凝縮性ガスの供給量を増加させることで、流動化ガス量を一定に維持することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の流動層乾燥装置。
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AU2012232314A AU2012232314B9 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2012-03-14 | Fluidized bed drying device |
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JP2011062246A JP5848014B2 (ja) | 2011-03-22 | 2011-03-22 | 流動層乾燥装置 |
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Cited By (3)
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CN106322921A (zh) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-01-11 | 长沙开元仪器股份有限公司 | 一种真空干燥设备 |
CN115157481A (zh) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-10-11 | 沈阳华控科技发展有限公司 | 一种pvc干燥装置的热量控制方法 |
CN116753678A (zh) * | 2023-08-22 | 2023-09-15 | 诸城华源生物质科技有限公司 | 一种废锯末资源回收利用干燥机 |
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AT514275B1 (de) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-05-15 | Andritz Tech & Asset Man Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Salzen mit reduziertem Kristallwassergehalt |
CN104215036A (zh) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-17 | 新日铁住金工程技术株式会社 | 流动层干燥机和湿润原料的干燥方法 |
KR101497573B1 (ko) * | 2014-06-17 | 2015-03-02 | 주식회사 한국테크놀로지 | 석탄 건조 장치에서의 이송 석탄 자연발화 방지 장치 |
JP6613746B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-14 | 2019-12-04 | 株式会社Ihi | 乾燥システム |
JP2019074247A (ja) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-05-16 | 株式会社Ihi | 乾燥システムおよび乾燥方法 |
JP6981614B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-15 | 2021-12-15 | 株式会社大川原製作所 | 乾燥・濃縮システム |
JP6981613B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-15 | 2021-12-15 | 株式会社大川原製作所 | 乾燥・濃縮システム |
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CN115157481A (zh) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-10-11 | 沈阳华控科技发展有限公司 | 一种pvc干燥装置的热量控制方法 |
CN115157481B (zh) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-07-25 | 沈阳华控科技发展有限公司 | 一种pvc干燥装置的热量控制方法 |
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