CN115157481B - 一种pvc干燥装置的热量控制方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种PVC干燥装置的热量控制方法，属于PVC干燥自动控制技术领域，所述PVC干燥装置具有干燥床，包括如下步骤：S01：获取一床二室下部温度、风温和进床蒸汽阀门开度历史数据，二床下部温度、风温和进床蒸汽阀门开度历史数据；S02：建立风温与一床二室下部温度、进床蒸汽阀门开度与一床二室下部温度数学模型，风温与二床下部温度、进床蒸汽阀门开度与二床下部温度数学模型；S03：根据获得的模型建立PVC干燥装置热量控制器；S04：控制器控制进风阀、蒸汽进气阀的开度。本发明根据ARX模型辨识方法获得的模型设置控制器，控制进风阀、蒸汽进气阀的开度，通过降低风温和蒸汽用量，减少PVC干燥过程所消耗的热量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于PVC干燥自动控制技术领域，尤其涉及一种PVC干燥装置的热量控制方法。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯(PVC)是应用非常广泛的化工原料，在PVC生产工艺流程中，PVC干燥是生产过程中的关键环节。现有PVC干燥装置常采用内加热卧式多室沸腾床，如图1所示，待干燥的PVC料从左至右依次经过干燥装置的一床一室、一床二室、二床后干燥床后出料。干燥装置通过向干燥床内送风，利用风量使床内PVC物料处于沸腾状态(即PVC物料翻腾起来的状态)，形成干燥床工作的基本条件，然后利用热风和通入床内列管的蒸汽对PVC物料进行加热，除去PVC中的挥发物，完成对PVC的干燥。通常，使干燥床正常工作的前提条件是床内PVC物料处于沸腾状态，即提供足够的风量，使干燥床产出含水量合格PVC的前提条件是保证有足够的热量，即提供足够的风温和蒸汽量。
现有PVC干燥装置的风量、风温和蒸汽量之间一般不做控制，都是将风量、风温和蒸汽量开到过量对PVC物料进行干燥，使PVC物料达到过干燥状态出料。这种干燥方式耗能大，成本高，无法达到节能的要求。
发明内容
基于上述技术问题，本发明提出一种PVC干燥装置的热量控制方法，根据ARX模型辨识方法获得的模型设置控制器，控制进风阀、蒸汽进气阀的开度。在负荷一定的条件下，满足出干燥床产品质量符合要求的前提下，通过降低风温和蒸汽用量，减少PVC干燥过程所消耗的热量。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明提供的技术方案如下：
一种PVC干燥装置的热量控制方法，所述PVC干燥装置具有干燥床，所述干燥床从PVC进料至出料方向依次为一床一室、一床二室、二床，包括如下步骤：
步骤S01：获取一床二室下部温度T3、风温T1和进床蒸汽阀门开度V3历史数据，获取二床下部温度T4、风温T2和进床蒸汽阀门开度V4历史数据；
步骤S02：建立风温T1与一床二室下部温度T3、进床蒸汽阀门开度V3与一床二室下部温度T3数学模型，风温T2与二床下部温度T4、进床蒸汽阀门开度V4与二床下部温度T4数学模型；
步骤S03：根据获得的模型建立PVC干燥装置热量控制器；
步骤S04：控制器控制进风阀、蒸汽进气阀的开度。
进一步地，所述步骤S02中，采用ARX模型辨识方法获得模型，具体计算公式如下：
y(t)+a_1*y(t-1)+...+a_na*y(t-na)＝b_1*u(t-nk)+...+b_nb*u(t-nk-nb+1)(公式1)
式中u和y表示系统的输入和输出变量，a_1、a_na、b_1和b_nb表示模型系数，nk表示纯时间滞后。
进一步地，所述步骤S03中，控制器变量间的关系如下：
(1)一床二室下部温度T3与操作变量的关系为：一床二室风温T1为单回路控制，通过一床二室风温T1设定值和进床蒸汽调节阀V3共同控制一床二室下部温度T3，把进床蒸汽调节阀V3设置成成本变量；
(2)二床下部温度T4与操作变量的关系为：二床风温T2为单回路控制，通过二床风温T2设定值和进二床蒸汽V4调节阀共同控制二床下部温度T4，把进床蒸汽调节阀V4设置成成本变量。
进一步地，所述步骤S03中，利用公式(2)和公式(3)设置控制器：
s.t.
Δyss＝GuΔuss(k)+ek
umin≤uss,k-1+Δuss(k)≤umax
ymin≤yss,k-1+Δyss(k)≤ymax
其中，m表示第m个控制输入代价系数，Cv它表示各控制输入变量的效益或成本的代价系数向量；Δuss是控制输入增量，Δyss是被控输出增量，Gu是模型增益矩阵，uss是过程的控制输入稳态目标，yss是过程的被控输出稳态目标，ek是偏差，umin和umax表示控制输入约束下限和上限，ymin和ymax表示控制输出约束下限和上限；J表示目标函数。
s.t.
uM(k)＝uM(k-1)+BΔuM(k)
umin≤uM≤umax
Δumin≤ΔuM(k)≤Δumax
其中，w为设定值向量，为预测值，Q为误差权系数矩阵，uM为控制输入，uss是过程的控制输入稳态目标，T表示惩罚矩阵，ΔuM是控制输入增量，R为控制权系数矩阵，/>为预测初值，A表示动态矩阵，B系数矩阵，ymin和ymax表示控制输出约束下限和上限，umin和umax表示控制输入约束下限和上限，Δumin和Δumax表示控制输入增量约束下限和上限。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点与有益效果如下：
本发明利用ARX方法建立变量间的数学模型，依据该模型进行最优控制器的设计，最优控制器把热量消耗较高的蒸汽设置成成本变量，通过线性规划极小化该成本变量，动态控制层对生产过程进行控制，实现了多变量控制。本发明对PVC干燥过程的热量合理分配，解决PVC在干燥是热量消耗过多问题，使PVC干燥过程更具有经济性，使生产过程处于极小化热量状态运行。
附图说明
图1为采用内加热卧式多室沸腾床对PVC干燥的示意图；
图2为本发明PVC干燥装置的热量控制方法流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明的附图，具体描述本发明的具体实施过程，显然，所描述的实施过程仅仅是本发明一部分实例，而不是全部实例。
根据干燥的基本原理可知，影响PVC干燥效率的因素包括：床内沸腾状态、热量、气流速度和热源与物料总接触面积。由于当负荷确定后，干燥床的风量也作为一个定值，此时的气流速度也可以认为是一个定值，所以主要通过调整热量和热源与物料的总接触面积来进行干燥的经济性优化控制。其中热量主要包括风温和进床列管蒸汽流量，并且进床列管蒸汽量远大于加热风温用的蒸汽流量，此外加热风温有一部分利用回收热。热源与物料的总接触面积包括床内列管与物料接触和热风与物料接触，由于风在整个干燥过程中与物料总接触面积最大，所以风在干燥过程效率较高。所以本发明提供了一种PVC干燥装置极小化热量控制方法，该控制方法可以有效解决PVC干燥过程的热量分配问题，使PVC干燥过程更具有经济性。本发明利用ARX方法建立变量间的数学模型，依据该模型进行最优控制器的设计，最优控制器把热量消耗较高的蒸汽设置成成本变量，通过线性规划极小化该成本变量，动态控制层对生产过程进行控制。通过本发明可以有效解决PVC在干燥是热量消耗过多问题，使生产过程处于极小化热量状态运行。
如图2所示，本发明的PVC干燥装置的热量控制方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S01：获取一床二室下部温度T3、风温T1和进床蒸汽阀门开度V3历史数据，获取二床下部温度T4、风温T2和进床蒸汽阀门开度V4历史数据。
步骤S02：采用模型辨识的方法建立风温T1与一床二室下部温度T3、进床蒸汽阀门开度V3与一床二室下部温度T3数学模型，建立风温T2与二床下部温度T4、进床蒸汽阀门开度V4与二床下部温度T4数学模型。
步骤S03：根据获得的模型建立PVC干燥装置热量控制器；模型辨识方法采用ARX模型辨识方法获得模型，具体计算公式如下。
y(t)+a_1*y(t-1)+...+a_na*y(t-na)＝b_1*u(t-nk)+...+b_nb*u(t-nk-nb+1)(公式1)
式中u和y表示系统的输入和输出变量，a_1、a_na、b_1和b_nb表示模型系数，nk表示纯时间滞后。
风在整个干燥过程中与物料总接触面积最大，干燥过程效率较高，当风的热量不能满足干燥要求时，增加蒸汽调节阀的开度，当风的热量可以满足干燥要求时，逐渐降低蒸汽调节阀的开度，最终实现PVC干燥装置极小化热量控制器。
进一步地，控制器变量间的关系如下：
(1)一床二室下部温度T3与操作变量的关系为：一床二室风温T1为单回路控制，通过一床二室风温T1设定值和进床蒸汽调节阀V3共同控制一床二室下部温度T3，把进床蒸汽调节阀V3设置成成本变量。
(2)二床下部温度T4与操作变量的关系为：二床风温T2为单回路控制，通过二床风温T2设定值和进二床蒸汽V4调节阀共同控制二床下部温度T4，把进床蒸汽调节阀V4设置成成本变量。
进一步地，利用公式(2)和公式(3)进行极小化热量的控制：
s.t.
Δyss＝GuΔuss(k)+ek
umin≤uss,k-1+Δuss(k)≤umax
ymin≤yss,k-1+Δyss(k)≤ymax
其中，m表示第m个控制输入代价系数，Cv它表示各控制输入变量的效益或成本的代价系数向量，当代价系数为正数时表示效益，反之，当代价系数为负数时表示成本；Δuss是控制输入增量，Δyss是被控输出增量，Gu是模型增益矩阵，uss是过程的控制输入稳态目标，yss是过程的被控输出稳态目标，ek是偏差，umin和umax表示控制输入约束下限和上限，ymin和ymax表示控制输出约束下限和上限。
s.t.
uM(k)＝uM(k-1)+BΔuM(k)
umin≤uM≤umax
Δumin≤ΔuM(k)≤Δumax
其中，w为设定值向量，为预测值，Q为误差权系数矩阵，uM为控制输入，uss是过程的控制输入稳态目标，T表示惩罚矩阵，ΔuM是控制输入增量，R为控制权系数矩阵，/>为预测初值，A动态矩阵，B系数矩阵，ymin和ymax表示控制输出约束下限和上限，umin和umax表示控制输入约束下限和上限，Δumin和Δumax表示控制输入增量约束下限和上限。
步骤S04：控制器控制进风阀、蒸汽进气阀的开度。
实施例1
步骤S01：获取一床二室下部温度T3、风温T1和进床蒸汽阀门开度V3历史数据，获取二床下部温度T4、风温T2和进床蒸汽阀门开度V4历史数据。
已知从DCS系统获得如下历史数据.
风温T1与一床二室下部温度T3相关数据：
T1＝[68.7,65.9,68.1,66.0,66.1,68.0,66.2,66.9,68.6,68.7,68.6,66.0,68.0,67.7,66.9,66.9,65.8,67.0,68.6,68.3,68.8,68.9,68.7,65.6,66.1,66.6,68.1,68.1,68.1,66.8,66.7,67.5,67.6,68.0,68.3,66.1,68.1,65.7,65.5,68.2,69.0,65.3,66.7,68.4,67.5,68.8,66.7,68.8,68.2,66.5,66.0,68.3,65.2,65.9,65.4,68.4,65.2,68.8,68.3,68.5,67.0,68.0,69.0,66.7,65.8,66.6,65.4,66.4,65.4,65.8,66.5,68.3,68.6,68.9,68.3,66.7,68.3,67.9,66.8,66.7,67.4,67.4,67.7,68.9,68.0,65.0,67.5,65.5,68.6,67.7,66.3,65.9,66.8,67.7,66.0,65.6,67.8,67.4,67.8,65.3,68.5,65.8,65.9,67.9,68.1,68.8,67.9,68.0,65.8,65.9,65.1,68.4,68.0,65.9,66.7,66.1,67.7,68.3,65.2,67.5,67.5,66.8,65.4,67.9,65.1,66.7,67.2,65.4,67.6,66.7,65.1,66.0,66.3,67.5,66.5,67.2,68.1,65.3,68.1,65.2,65.7,66.9,68.4,66.4,66.5,68.4,68.1,66.1,68.3,67.8,68.6,68.5,66.7,65.7,67.2,67.1,66.4,67.9,68.9,65.9,65.6,66.0,68.2,68.3,66.6,68.5,67.4,65.2,68.0,67.0,68.9,66.4,67.9,65.7,68.5,66.2,67.7,65.6,66.2,68.6,65.1,67.4,68.8,68.3,67.3,65.8,65.1,67.3,67.6,65.6,65.3,66.2,67.3,66.5,65.8,65.1,68.0,65.3,66.1,68.1,66.5,71.2,71.4,73.9,72.5,72.8,71.4,70.6,72.1,72.3,72.8,72.8,73.2,71.8,72.9,70.6,71.3,70.0,71.8,73.2,73.7,72.3,72.3,72.3,74.0,72.9,70.4,72.0,71.8,71.9,72.2,72.3,70.6,72.9,72.1,71.4,72.4,70.1,73.6,73.0,72.0,71.6,71.9,70.7,72.8,70.1,72.8,70.7,71.0,73.8,73.0,73.3,71.2,71.3,72.6,73.3,71.7,71.8,71.7,70.2,71.5,72.6,72.1,70.8,73.0,72.8,72.1,71.5,72.0,70.5,71.7,73.3,70.1,72.2,70.5,72.9,72.5,72.2,72.0,72.8,72.0,72.9,73.9,72.8,73.8,71.5,72.5,70.7,72.0,71.2,72.7,72.8,73.4,72.0,73.2,70.7,71.8,70.9,70.1,72.1,73.5,71.4,71.8,72.7,70.8,72.4,71.4,73.3,71.7,70.2,73.4,70.6,73.7,73.4,73.3,70.1,73.9,71.1,72.9,70.4,73.3,73.1,70.0,73.2,72.4,70.1,72.2,72.5,70.1,71.2,72.3,71.3,72.6,73.3,72.9,72.9,72.7,70.5,73.0,71.3,70.0………………]
T2＝[34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.6,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.8,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.8,34.8,34.7,34.7,34.8,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.8,34.7,34.8,34.7,34.7,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.8,34.7,34.8,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.7,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.8,34.9,34.9,34.9………………]
进床蒸汽阀门开度V3与一床二室下部温度T3相关数据：
V3＝[44.0,41.9,43.2,43.7,42.8,44.2,41.6,44.2,43.4,44.3,41.1,41.2,43.7,42.2,44.7,42.3,42.7,41.6,41.9,44.6,41.1,43.7,41.3,44.2,43.5,43.3,43.3,43.8,42.7,42.1,42.1,44.5,42.5,43.2,41.3,42.0,42.9,43.5,44.3,41.2,44.4,43.6,42.8,44.5,43.6,44.4,44.4,44.9,41.4,42.0,44.1,42.4,41.7,41.3,44.0,44.8,43.3,41.2,43.2,41.3,41.4,41.6,43.8,41.6,42.4,42.7,41.0,43.4,44.4,44.0,44.8,43.1,44.7,42.8,44.8,41.2,41.4,44.4,41.2,41.3,43.8,41.9,42.6,41.4,43.1,41.1,41.1,44.0,44.8,43.9,44.6,41.4,43.0,42.0,44.9,44.5,43.9,44.2,44.7,42.5,42.5,41.9,43.2,41.4,43.4,44.7,44.4,42.5,43.4,44.9,43.4,44.9,44.9,42.3,43.5,41.7,41.1,41.1,44.5,43.7,41.8,42.0,43.7,42.2,42.6,44.8,44.7,42.8,43.1,43.7,42.6,44.7,42.7,43.9,41.2,41.2,41.8,41.2,44.9,42.5,42.1,44.8,43.7,43.6,42.8,41.5,42.0,45.0,43.9,43.9,42.1,43.4,41.7,42.7,41.5,41.8,42.9,44.5,41.8,43.5,42.8,43.4,41.8,44.2,42.6,42.5,41.6,44.0,44.5,42.7,43.6,41.4,44.5,42.4,43.8,41.8,43.4,43.3,42.3,42.5,43.7,44.2,42.2,43.5,41.7,44.3,44.0,44.3,43.1,42.1,41.7,41.1,41.4,42.6,42.7,41.4,44.1,42.0,44.2,43.6,43.3,44.3,41.1,44.1,44.8,42.4,42.1,44.6,43.7,43.8,41.9,43.0,43.8,42.9,44.0,44.0,44.9,41.5,44.5,42.5,43.5,41.1,41.8,44.6,42.6,42.7,43.8,42.0,44.4,42.1,43.8,41.1,43.5,44.0,42.7,42.2,43.0,42.0,44.2,41.5,42.9,41.7,44.0,41.7,42.1,43.8,43.0,41.9,42.6,42.9,41.1,43.1,45.0,43.3,43.9,42.6,44.1,44.4,44.3,44.0,44.7,42.5,44.6,43.6,43.8,41.8,42.5,43.4,44.8,43.8,43.7,44.2,41.6,41.9,43.3,43.7,44.7,42.8,41.8,43.7,42.9,43.2,42.3,41.6,44.3,41.2,43.9,41.1,41.1,41.7………………]
T3＝[56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.5,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.4,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.4,56.5,56.4,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.5,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.5,56.5,56.6,56.5,56.5,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.7,56.6,56.6,56.6,56.7,56.7,56.7,56.7,56.7………………]
风温T2与二床下部温度T4相关数据：
T2＝[77.0,74.9,76.2,76.7,75.8,77.2,74.6,77.2,76.4,77.3,74.1,74.2,76.7,75.2,77.7,75.3,75.7,74.6,74.9,77.6,74.1,76.7,74.3,77.2,76.5,76.3,76.3,76.8,75.7,75.1,75.1,77.5,75.5,76.2,74.3,75.0,75.9,76.5,77.3,74.2,77.4,76.6,75.8,77.5,76.6,77.4,77.4,77.9,74.4,75.0,77.1,75.4,74.7,74.3,77.0,77.8,76.3,74.2,76.2,74.3,74.4,74.6,76.8,74.6,75.4,75.7,74.0,76.4,77.4,77.0,77.8,76.1,77.7,75.8,77.8,74.2,74.4,77.4,74.2,74.3,76.8,74.9,75.6,74.4,76.1,74.1,74.1,77.0,77.8,76.9,77.6,74.4,76.0,75.0,77.9,77.5,76.9,77.2,77.7,75.5,75.5,74.9,76.2,74.4,76.4,77.7,77.4,75.5,76.4,77.9,76.4,77.9,77.9,75.3,76.5,74.7,74.1,74.1,77.5,76.7,74.8,75.0,76.7,75.2,75.6,77.8,77.7,75.8,76.1,76.7,75.6,77.7,75.7,76.9,74.2,74.2,74.8,74.2,77.9,75.5,75.1,77.8,76.7,76.6,75.8,74.5,75.0,78.0,76.9,76.9…………]
T4＝[53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.8,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,53.9,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.0,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1…………]
进床蒸汽阀门开度V4与二床下部温度T4相关数据：
V4＝[31.0,28.9,30.2,30.7,29.8,31.2,28.6,31.2,30.4,31.3,28.1,28.2,30.7,29.2,31.7,29.3,29.7,28.6,28.9,31.6,28.1,30.7,28.3,31.2,30.5,30.3,30.3,30.8,29.7,29.1,29.1,31.5,29.5,30.2,28.3,29.0,29.9,30.5,31.3,28.2,31.4,30.6,29.8,31.5,30.6,31.4,31.4,31.9,28.4,29.0,31.1,29.4,28.7,28.3,31.0,31.8,30.3,28.2,30.2,28.3,28.4,28.6,30.8,28.6,29.4,29.7,28.0,30.4,31.4,31.0,31.8,30.1,31.7,29.8,31.8,28.2,28.4,31.4,28.2,28.3,30.8,28.9,29.6,28.4,30.1,28.1,28.1,31.0,31.8,30.9,31.6,28.4,30.0,29.0,31.9,31.5,30.9,31.2,31.7,29.5,29.5,28.9,30.2,28.4,30.4,31.7,31.4,29.5,30.4,31.9,30.4,31.9,31.9,29.3,30.5,28.7,28.1,28.1,31.5,30.7,28.8,29.0,30.7,29.2,29.6,31.8,31.7,29.8,30.1,30.7,29.6,31.7,29.7,30.9,28.2,28.2,28.8,28.2,31.9,29.5,29.1,31.8,30.7,30.6,29.8,28.5,29.0,32.0,30.9,30.9,29.1,30.4,28.7,29.7,28.5,28.8,29.9,31.5,28.8,30.5…………]
T4＝[54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.1,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.3,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.2,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3,54.3…………]
步骤S02：采用模型辨识的方法建立风温T1与一床二室下部温度T3、进床蒸汽阀门开度V3与一床二室下部温度T3数学模型，建立风温T2与二床下部温度T4、进床蒸汽阀门开度V4与二床下部温度T4数学模型。
利用“公式(1)”进行模型辨识，得到：
风温T1与一床二室下部温度T3之间的数学模型为：
y(t)-1.2816*y(t-1)+0.0070*y(t-2)+0.0066*y(t-3)+0.2683*y(t-4)＝7.2609e-06*u(t-1)-5.6863e-06*u(t-2)+9.3413e-05*u(t-3)+4.1411e-05*u(t-4)
进床蒸汽阀门开度V3与一床二室下部温度T3之间的数学模型为：
y(t)-1.2287*y(t-1)-0.045*y(t-2)+0.0354*y(t-3)+0.2389*y(t-4)＝8.418e-05*u(t-1)+2.0644e-04*u(t-2)+2.0941e-04*u(t-3)+2.4498e-04*u(t-4)
风温T2与二床下部温度T4之间的数学模型为：
y(t)-1.2287*y(t-1)-0.045*y(t-2)+0.0354*y(t-3)+0.2389*y(t-4)＝8.4180e-05*u(t-1)+2.0644e-04*u(t-2)+2.0941e-04*u(t-3)+2.4498e-04*u(t-4)
进床蒸汽阀门开度V4与二床下部温度T4之间的数学模型为：
y(t)-1.2287*y(t-1)-0.0448*y(t-2)+0.0356*y(t-3)+0.2383*y(t-4)＝8.4792e-05*u(t-1)+1.8893e-04*u(t-2)+1.9059e-04*u(t-3)+2.2029e-04*u(t-4)
步骤S03：根据获得的模型建立PVC干燥装置热量控制器。
风在整个干燥过程中与物料总接触面积最大，干燥过程效率较高，当风的热量不能满足干燥要求时，增加蒸汽调节阀的开度，当风的热量可以满足干燥要求时，逐渐降低蒸汽调节阀的开度，最终实现PVC干燥装置极小化热量控制器。
进一步地，控制器变量间的关系如下：
(1)一床二室下部温度T3与操作变量的关系为：一床二室风温T1为单回路控制，通过一床二室风温T1设定值和进床蒸汽调节阀V3共同控制一床二室下部温度T3，把进床蒸汽调节阀V3设置成成本变量。
(2)二床下部温度T4与操作变量的关系为：二床风温T2为单回路控制，通过二床风温T2设定值和进二床蒸汽V4调节阀共同控制二床下部温度T4，把进床蒸汽调节阀V4设置成成本变量。
对风温T1与一床二室下部温度T3之间的数学模型施加阶跃信号，得到动态矩阵
A1＝[0.013584123,0.028261801,0.04251407,0.056353259,0.06979134,0.082839939,0.095510345,0.107813519,0.119760105,0.131360437,0.142624552,0.153562193,0.164182825,0.174495633,0.184509541,0.194233211,0.203675056,0.212843244,0.221745706,0.230390144,0.238784036,0.246934644,0.25484902,0.26253401,0.269996262,0.277242232,0.284278189,0.29111022,0.297744235,0.304185974,0.310441008,0.316514751,0.322412455,0.328139223,0.33370001,0.339099626,0.344342743,0.349433896,0.35437749,0.359177801,0.363838983,0.368365068,0.372759971,0.377027495,0.381171331,0.385195064,0.389102176,0.392896047,0.396579957,0.400157096,0.403630556,0.407003344,0.410278377,0.413458488,0.416546428,0.41954487,0.422456406,0.425283555,0.428028765,0.430694408,0.433282792,0.435796156,0.438236674,0.440606457,0.442907555,0.44514196,0.447311604,0.449418365,0.451464064,0.453450472,0.455379306,0.457252237,0.459070883,0.460836819,0.462551572,0.464216626,0.46583342,0.467403355,0.468927787,0.470408036,0.471845382,0.473241069,0.474596304,0.475912259,0.477190074,0.478430853,0.479635671,0.480805568,0.481941558,0.483044623,0.484115717,0.485155767,0.486165673,0.487146309,0.488098522,0.489023137,0.489920953,0.490792748,0.491639275,0.492461266,0.493259434,0.494034467,0.494787038,0.495517797,0.496227375,0.496916388,0.497585431,0.498235082,0.498865905,0.499478443,0.500073229,0.500650776,0.501211583,0.501756136,0.502284906,0.50279835,0.503296914,0.503781027,0.504251108,0.504707566,0.505150793,0.505581174,0.505999082,0.506404876,0.50679891,0.507181523,0.507553047,0.507913802,0.508264102,0.508604249,0.508934537,0.509255252,0.509566672,0.509869066,0.510162695,0.510447814,0.51072467,0.510993501,0.51125454,0.511508014,0.511754141,0.511993134,0.512225201,0.512450541,0.512669351,0.512881818,0.513088128,0.513288457,0.513482981,0.513671867,0.513855278,0.514033373,0.514206307,0.514374228,0.514537282,0.51469561,0.51484935,0.514998634,0.51514359,0.515284346,0.515421022]。
对进床蒸汽阀门开度V3与一床二室下部温度T3之间的数学模型施加阶跃信号，得到动态矩阵
A2＝[0.039011896,0.081007681,0.121626681,0.160914031,0.198913389,0.23566698,0.271215645,0.305598886,0.33885491,0.371020672,0.402131915,0.43222321,0.461327995,0.489478612,0.516706341,0.54304144,0.568513171,0.59314984,0.616978823,0.640026598,0.662318778,0.683880133,0.704734623,0.724905421,0.744414942,0.763284865,0.781536158,0.799189102,0.816263314,0.832777767,0.848750812,0.864200198,0.879143093,0.893596102,0.907575284,0.921096175,0.934173797,0.946822685,0.959056893,0.970890015,0.982335202,0.993405171,1.004112223,1.014468256,1.024484778,1.034172919,1.043543445,1.052606769,1.061372962,1.069851765,1.0780526,1.085984579,1.093656517,1.101076939,1.108254091,1.115195947,1.121910223,1.128404378,1.13468563,1.140760957,1.146637112,1.152320624,1.157817807,1.163134772,1.168277426,1.173251484,1.178062472,1.182715738,1.187216451,1.191569614,1.195780063,1.199852477,1.203791381,1.207601153,1.211286025,1.214850093,1.218297317,1.221631528,1.22485643,1.227975607,1.230992526,1.233910538,1.236732886,1.239462707,1.242103033,1.244656799,1.247126843,1.24951591,1.251826653,1.254061641,1.256223358,1.258314205,1.260336506,1.262292508]。
设置本控制器参数：A＝[A1 A2]，Cv T＝[0.1 1]，Gu＝[0.51 1.26]，umin＝[50 1]T，umax＝[80 100]T，ymin＝[49]，ymax＝[51]，Δumin＝[-1 -0.5]T，Δumax＝[1 0.5]T。
把上面参数代入“公式2”和“公式3”，其中“公式2”利用线性规划计算、“公式3”利用二次规划计算，然后实现对变量的控制。
对风温T2与二床下部温度T4之间的数学模型施加阶跃信号，得到动态矩阵
A3＝[0.039011896,0.081007681,0.121626681,0.160914031,0.198913389,0.23566698,0.271215645,0.305598886,0.33885491,0.371020672,0.402131915,0.43222321,0.461327995,0.489478612,0.516706341,0.54304144,0.568513171,0.59314984,0.616978823,0.640026598,0.662318778,0.683880133,0.704734623,0.724905421,0.744414942,0.763284865,0.781536158,0.799189102,0.816263314,0.832777767,0.848750812,0.864200198,0.879143093,0.893596102,0.907575284,0.921096175,0.934173797,0.946822685,0.959056893,0.970890015,0.982335202,0.993405171,1.004112223,1.014468256,1.024484778,1.034172919,1.043543445,1.052606769,1.061372962,1.069851765,1.0780526,1.085984579,1.093656517,1.101076939,1.108254091,1.115195947,1.121910223,1.128404378,1.13468563,1.140760957,1.146637112,1.152320624,1.157817807,1.163134772,1.168277426,1.173251484,1.178062472,1.182715738,1.187216451,1.191569614,1.195780063,1.199852477,1.203791381,1.207601153,1.211286025,1.214850093,1.218297317,1.221631528,1.22485643,1.227975607,1.230992526,1.233910538,1.236732886,1.239462707,1.242103033,1.244656799,1.247126843,1.24951591,1.251826653,1.254061641,1.256223358,1.258314205,1.260336506,1.262292508,1.264184384,1.266014238,1.267784102,1.269495942,1.271151662,1.272753101,1.274302039,1.275800196,1.277249238,1.278650775,1.280006364]。
对进床蒸汽阀门开度V4与二床下部温度T4之间的数学模型施加阶跃信号，得到动态矩阵
A4＝[0.033510166,0.069746886,0.104962921,0.139187023,0.172447129,0.204770394,0.236183206,0.266711209,0.296379326,0.325211778,0.353232102,0.380463174,0.406927225,0.43264586,0.457640075,0.481930275,0.505536289,0.528477391,0.550772307,0.572439239,0.593495877,0.613959409,0.633846543,0.653173513,0.671956098,0.690209632,0.707949016,0.725188732,0.741942855,0.758225063,0.774048648,0.789426528,0.804371257,0.818895037,0.833009723,0.846726839,0.860057583,0.873012839,0.885603182,0.897838891,0.909729956,0.921286084,0.932516708,0.943430999,0.954037865,0.964345966,0.974363717,0.984099298,0.993560655,1.002755513,1.011691378,1.020375545,1.028815105,1.037016946,1.044987765,1.052734069,1.060262182,1.06757825,1.074688245,1.081597971,1.088313071,1.094839026,1.101181163,1.107344661,1.11333455,1.119155722,1.124812928,1.130310786,1.135653786,1.140846289,1.145892534,1.150796641,1.155562613,1.160194341,1.164695607,1.169070085,1.173321347,1.177452863,1.181468006,1.185370054,1.189162193,1.192847518,1.196429037,1.199909676,1.203292275,1.206579596,1.209774323,1.212879063,1.215896352,1.218828653,1.221678359,1.224447797,1.227139228,1.229754849,1.232296795,1.234767142,1.237167907,1.239501049,1.241768473,1.24397203,1.246113519,1.248194689,1.250217238,1.252182818,1.254093033,1.255949443,1.257753563,1.259506866,1.261210784,1.262866707,1.264475987,1.266039939,1.267559839,1.269036928,1.270472411,1.271867461,1.273223216,1.274540783,1.275821239,1.277065627,1.278274965,1.27945024,1.28059241,1.281702408,1.282781141,1.28382949,1.284848309,1.285838431,1.286800664,1.287735794,1.288644584,1.289527776]。
设置本控制器参数：A＝[A3 A4]，Cv T＝[0.1 1]，Gu＝[1.28 1.29]，umin＝[65 1]T，umax＝[80 100]T，ymin＝[48]，ymax＝[50]，Δumin＝[-0.5 -1]T，Δumax＝[0.5 1]T。
S04：控制器控制进风阀、蒸汽进气阀的开度。
本发明的方法考虑了变量的上下限，在进行极小化热量的同时，也对生产过程进行控制，进而做的，既实现了优化控制也实现了动态控制。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行改动、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (2)
1.一种PVC干燥装置的热量控制方法，所述PVC干燥装置具有干燥床，所述干燥床从PVC进料至出料方向依次为一床一室、一床二室、二床，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
步骤S01：获取一床二室下部温度T3、风温T1和进床蒸汽阀门开度V3历史数据，获取二床下部温度T4、风温T2和进床蒸汽阀门开度V4历史数据；
步骤S02：建立风温T1与一床二室下部温度T3、进床蒸汽阀门开度V3与一床二室下部温度T3数学模型，风温T2与二床下部温度T4、进床蒸汽阀门开度V4与二床下部温度T4数学模型；
步骤S03：根据获得的模型建立PVC干燥装置热量控制器；
步骤S04：控制器控制进风阀、蒸汽进气阀的开度；
所述步骤S03中，控制器变量间的关系如下：
（1）一床二室下部温度T3与操作变量的关系为：一床二室风温T1为单回路控制，通过一床二室风温T1设定值和进床蒸汽调节阀V3共同控制一床二室下部温度T3，把进床蒸汽调节阀V3设置成成本变量；
（2）二床下部温度T4与操作变量的关系为：二床风温T2为单回路控制，通过二床风温T2设定值和进二床蒸汽V4调节阀共同控制二床下部温度T4，把进床蒸汽调节阀V4设置成成本变量；
所述步骤S03中，利用公式（2）和公式（3）设置控制器：
其中，，m表示第m个控制输入代价系数，/>它表示各控制输入变量的效益或成本的代价系数向量；/>是控制输入增量，/>是被控输出增量，/>是模型增益矩阵，/>是过程的控制输入稳态目标，/>是过程的被控输出稳态目标，/>是偏差，/>和表示控制输入约束下限和上限，/>和/>表示控制输出约束下限和上限；J表示目标函数；
其中，为设定值向量，/>为预测值，/>为误差权系数矩阵，/>为控制输入，/>是过程的控制输入稳态目标，/>表示惩罚矩阵，/>是控制输入增量，/>为控制权系数矩阵，为预测初值，A表示动态矩阵，B系数矩阵，/>和/>表示控制输出约束下限和上限，/>和/>表示控制输入约束下限和上限，/>和/>表示控制输入增量约束下限和上限。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种PVC干燥装置的热量控制方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S02中，采用ARX模型辨识方法获得模型，具体计算公式如下：
y(t) + a_1*y(t-1) + ... + a_na*y(t-na) = b_1*u(t-nk) + ... + b_nb*u(t-nk-nb+1)（公式1）
式中u和y表示系统的输入和输出变量，a_1、a_na、b_1和b_nb表示模型系数，nk表示纯时间滞后。
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