WO2012127064A2 - Dispositif chauffant - Google Patents

Dispositif chauffant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012127064A2
WO2012127064A2 PCT/EP2012/055351 EP2012055351W WO2012127064A2 WO 2012127064 A2 WO2012127064 A2 WO 2012127064A2 EP 2012055351 W EP2012055351 W EP 2012055351W WO 2012127064 A2 WO2012127064 A2 WO 2012127064A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating
heating device
electrical resistance
heating element
concrete
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/055351
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012127064A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Teichmann
Gregor Zimmermann
Original Assignee
ULRICH, Peter G.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ULRICH, Peter G. filed Critical ULRICH, Peter G.
Priority to EP12711856.0A priority Critical patent/EP2689194A2/fr
Publication of WO2012127064A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012127064A2/fr
Publication of WO2012127064A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012127064A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00439—Physico-chemical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00465—Heat conducting materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/006—Parts of a building integrally forming part of heating systems, e.g. a wall as a heat storing mass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating device with a plate-shaped or plane planar or single or multiple co-directional or oppositely curved radiator, in particular for use in interiors.
  • the heating device continues to be used as wall heating, which is integrated in the wall, wherein also heaters, in particular wall heaters are summarized, which are composed of a plurality of plate-shaped radiators.
  • the present invention is not limited to use as a wall heater, but provides a variety of uses, which will be explained in more detail below.
  • Flat heating devices have long been known. In one embodiment, they are suitable for the classic hydraulic central heating system of a house and are flowed through by the heating water of the heating system. Such radiators are attached to the wall or in the floor / ceiling and possibly at a distance to this
  • EP 1 564 341 A2 discloses a wall element for a building which has a heat-conducting pouring mass in the form of clay treated with sand, additives and water, wherein at least opposite outer surfaces of the element each have a fabric or support matrix which adjoins the Surfaces or near the surface is placed in the pouring mass, wherein the wall element can be heated by means of an integrated electric heating element.
  • This constructed of a loam material wall element has the disadvantage that by means of tissue or support matrix, the material must be fixed, the introduction of this matrix is correspondingly complex and usually a further surface treatment is necessary so that the tissue or support matrix is no longer visible is.
  • the material loam is relatively susceptible to breakage.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a planar heating device which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art, has a simple structure, can be produced as a finished product and in particular has a surface through which further surface treatments at the place of installation or use can be omitted.
  • the plate-shaped or planar planar or single or multiple corotating or oppositely curved radiator from a hydraulically bonded material, preferably cement, formed, which has a high packing density, and the radiator has at least one electrical resistance heating element, which in the hydraulically bound Material is embedded.
  • the heating device according to the invention has both a high stability and a high compressive and / or bending tensile strength.
  • the hydraulically-bonded material is an ultra-high-strength concrete or an ultra-high-performance concrete, which is cement-bound or bound by a hardening binder high-density concrete. Because of this property, the material is practically waterproof. The amount of water that can be measured with the usual test methods for capillary water absorption is so small that it lies within the measurement error range of the method and is due to the evaporation from the test apparatus. Due to the high water-tightness, the material absorbs more water even at high ambient humidity, which practically does not change the specific internal electrical resistance. Compared to common normal or high-performance concretes, this represents a considerable advantage, in particular with regard to safety in use.
  • An ultra-high-strength concrete (UHSC) or ultra-high performance concrete (U HPC) is a packing density-optimized, usually cementitious, but otherwise bound by a hardening binder concrete which is so dense in its fine grain granulometry that it has significantly better durability properties against the penetration of water or aqueous solutions than a high performance or normal concrete.
  • the grain band is tuned so close to the lower nanometer range by the prior analysis and characterization of the powdery and coarser starting materials by mathematical processes that as far as possible the cavities of coarser grain size are filled by the next finer one. This process is repeated until the maximum packing density possible with the starting materials is achieved.
  • the result is a high-density matrix structure, which lacks the usual capillary pore network in concrete and thus reduces transport and migration processes to such an extent that they can no longer be measured by conventional measuring methods.
  • Another feature is the skills resulting from the high structural integrity of the so-called Cement Stone Matrix, such as compressive and flexural strength. These are more than 100 N / mm 2 after two days for compressive strength and more than 10 N / mm 2 for the bending tensile strength far above those of the normal, technically available concrete materials.
  • the electrical resistance heating element advantageously also produces long-wave infrared radiation, which creates a particularly pleasant sensation of heat.
  • the heating effect is thus also achieved by thermal radiation, wherein depending on the temperature, a more or less large heating effect is also present by convection.
  • further additives such as paint, pigments, fibers, polyamide fibers, glass fiber but also carbon fibers, single or continuous fibers and / or fabric or scrim may be added to the preferred cementitious material.
  • materials with convective isolation effect such as aerogels, Mirko glass bubbles can be added.
  • materials with better thermal conductivity such as metals, preferably steel fibers, or other materials with increased bulk density can be added. The addition of air or other gases is possible. Metals are thus better heat conductors. Aerogels form self-contained micro convection chambers which, when embedded in a matrix, advantageously significantly increase the thermal conductivity.
  • electrical conductors such as copper, copper-nickel alloys, carbon, etc. can be further added. This leads to a change in the electrical conduction resistance, possibly to obtain semiconductors in high-current connections.
  • the fibers strengthen the material and increase elasticity during deformation.
  • the fragility is reduced.
  • the density and thus the total weight are reduced.
  • the electrical resistance heating element may be formed from a cut-out, stamped or printed conductive foil.
  • the electrical resistance heating element can be formed from conductive fibers or a fiber mat, in particular from carbon fibers or a metal-coated fabric or a plastic doped or coated with conductive materials, such as current-conducting lacquers.
  • Another advantage is achieved in that the electrical resistance heating element has only a small wall thickness, for example between 9 and 15 mm, so that the wall thickness of the entire radiator is also correspondingly low.
  • the heater can then be advantageously used as wall heating.
  • the electrical resistance heating element can be operated differently for different temperature ranges and in particular can be supplied with low-voltage voltage in a less high temperature. Such a low-voltage voltage is generated for example by a solar system.
  • a switching device In order to switch over the local mains voltage, a switching device is provided, so that when the solar power generation ceases (for example at night), the mains voltage supplies the energy instead.
  • the low voltage is usually 12 to 48 volts.
  • the high thermal conductivity of the concrete leads to a temperature gradient in the concrete matrix, emanating from the heat source and decreasing to the even colder places of the concrete. This temperature gradient leads to a deformation gradient in the concrete. Due to the different degrees of deformation occurs in the less highly heated zones of the concrete to form tensile stresses, since the temperature expansion of the concrete is significantly lower here than in the heated zones. Since the tensile strength of concrete is generally lower by a factor of 7 to 10 compared to its compressive strength, it is possible for the tensile strength to be exceeded and hence for the formation of cracks to occur.
  • the mesh size between the individual strands of the heating element is substantially twice as large as the distance of the surface of the heating element from the distance of the surface of the radiator.
  • the electrical resistance heating element additionally serves as a static support element forming a reinforcement.
  • the electrical resistance heating element has a thermal expansion coefficient which is lower than that of the hydraulically bonded material or concrete.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient of carbon fiber with about 0, 1 x 10 "6 by approximately a factor of 10 smaller than that of the surrounding cement matrix.
  • a uniform heating through the larger expansion behavior of the concrete or of the cement matrix leads to a tensile stress of the carbon-fiber heater, whereby compressive stresses are introduced into the concrete and thus the concrete is prestressed by the lower thermal expansion of the high-strength carbon fiber fabric, whereby the element as a whole can be stressed with a higher load capacity.
  • phase change materials are homogeneously isotropically installed, which serve as energy storage, being made possible by the slow release and absorption of heat in the hydraulically bonded material or concrete, a phase-controlled heating .
  • the heating device according to the invention can be given a heat storage effect which results from delays in converting the state of matter from liquid to solid and solid in liquid.
  • a stepwise storage effect can be achieved, which occurs at different temperature levels.
  • the heater according to the invention can use time-dependent tariffs of the power generator.
  • Normal concretes and high-strength concretes have a 10 and 6 vol.% High capillary pore content compared to UHPC with 1.5% by volume. This allows you to effectively absorb water, whereby the electrical conductivity of these concretes significantly decreases when in contact with water and the so-called dielectric constant Er increases.
  • a ceramic tile is around 7 and that of a water- stored UHPC at around 4,000.
  • the dielectric number of a UHPC stored at 180 ° C for 2 days is already in the range of ceramic tile, whereby it has been shown in extensive tests that the re-storage of the concrete at 180 ° C at the age of 4 days for a total of 48 hours is optimal and the smallest permittivity.
  • the heater can be operated in a temperature range up to 900 ° C.
  • This high temperature through which a correspondingly large radiant heat can be generated, advantageously leads to the use of the heating device according to the invention as a ceiling radiator, for example for workplaces in large, cold and non-heatable warehouses.
  • the heating device according to the invention is not limited to use as wall heating or ceiling or floor heating. It can also be used as a curtain wall or as a roof facade with appropriate substructure.
  • the heater according to the invention can be used as a structural element for heating or warming plates in the kitchen or in tables, for keeping food warm or warming dishes, but also as a towel holder in the bathroom or as a tile in the wet area.
  • the heater according to the invention can be used as a structural element in seating, such as garden benches, seating at stations or other public seating.
  • each heating device preferably has a thermal sensor which detects the current temperature of the heating device.
  • a control loop is provided, which on the one hand with the least a temperature sensor of the heater and on the other hand connected to a sensor that detects the room temperature.
  • the supplied power to several heaters For example, of 10 plates, one, two, three, and all ten may heat at the same time. If less than all are active, the controller ensures that other disks are always active at the same time. This makes the heating system modulatable without generating large load fluctuations.
  • the heating device according to the invention is particularly advantageously suitable as a wall heater, wherein either individual heaters distributed to the wall or can be integrated into this, or the entire wall is formed of individual heaters.
  • a corresponding insulation device can be provided between the heater and supporting wall, because not the wall, but the room should be heated. The same applies to floors or ceilings.
  • the material of the invention also allows the formation of a corresponding surface decoration with relief-like elevations or depressions, so that the heating device according to the invention is also suitable as a decorative element.
  • the attachment to the wall can be made visible or invisible by means of screws or hooks, wherein in the heater corresponding areas can be provided, in which the electric heating element can be recessed.
  • the heater according to the invention is also suitable as a floor heating or as ceiling heating.
  • the heating device according to the invention can be used over a wide temperature range. When used as a floor heating, it will be operated at a relatively low temperature, whereas it can be operated as a ceiling element at correspondingly high temperatures.
  • a use can also be made at dining tables, for example in the central area of a table top, are served on the hot food. Due to the geometric possibilities of the design of the radiator of the heater curved shapes can be used, for example, as a thermal element of a bathtub, which can be avoided, for example, that the bath water cools down after entry (too fast).
  • the heating device according to the invention can also be used for seating furniture, for example garden benches, seating on platforms or other public seating.
  • the heating device according to the invention provides the advantage of being able to assume very different temperatures.
  • temperatures up to 300 ° C or in extreme cases up to 900 ° C can be realized, whereby a correspondingly large radiant heat can be generated.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of the heating device according to the invention
  • FIG. a schematic cross-sectional view of a heating device according to the invention
  • a schematically outlined perspective view of a heater according to the invention as a flat plate-shaped body a planar simply in the same direction curved embodiment of the heating device according to the invention; a doubly in the same direction curved embodiment of the heating device according to the invention; an L-shaped embodiment of the heating device according to the invention
  • Figure 7 is a view similar to that of Figure 1 on a heating device with an arranged over the substantially entire surface of the radiator electrical resistance heating element ..; and Fig. 8 is a schematic sectional view with an electrical resistance heating element, which extends only over a part of the surface of the heater, which additionally has a reinforcement.
  • like elements are designated by the same reference numerals.
  • FIG. 1 an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically.
  • the illustration with FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a plate-shaped heating device 1, which has a heating element 2, formed from a cement-bonded high-density material, which is formed into a plate 3.
  • An electrical conductive resistance heating element 5 in the form of a punched-out metal foil is embedded in the material.
  • the heating element 5 can be adapted so that the plates 3 can also be drilled at different locations.
  • the heating element 5 has a connection 9 which can be connected to a corresponding power supply (not shown).
  • the plate-shaped heating device 1 can be used as a single element, with an adaptation to the desired dimensions and contour is possible or can be combined in conjunction with other heating devices to form an overall heating.
  • FIG. 2 shows, on a greatly enlarged scale, a cross-sectional view of a heating device 1 according to the invention.
  • the distance between the surface of the heating element 5 and the surface of the heating element 2 is substantially half the distances between the individual heating sections 5a in the heating element 5.
  • FIG. 3 shows in more schematic form perspective sketch view of a heating device with a flat rectangular radiator 1 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows a simply curved flat radiator 21 and Fig. 5 shows a double in the same direction curved plate-shaped radiator 31st
  • FIG. 6 shows a further possible embodiment of the heating device 1 according to the invention in the form of an L-shaped radiator 41.
  • FIG. 7 shows schematically the arrangement of a mesh-like heating element 5 which extends substantially over the entire surface of the plate-shaped radiator 2.
  • the electrical resistance heating element 5 is present only in a partial area of the heating body 2, with a remaining portion 6 in the form of glass fiber, carbon, basalt or other non-conductive fabrics is available.
  • a universally applicable, lightweight and simply constructed heater is provided, which is universally adaptable to the application requirements and can be used for a variety of functions.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif chauffant (1) comportant un corps chauffant (2, 1 1, 21, 31, 41 ) en forme de plaques ou de nappes planes ou bien présentant une ou plusieurs ondulations dans le même sens ou en sens contraires, le corps chauffant étant en matériau à liaison hydraulique, de préférence en ciment, à densité de tassement élevée et comportant au moins un élément chauffant à résistance électrique (5) qui est noyé dans le matériau à liaison hydraulique.
PCT/EP2012/055351 2011-03-24 2012-03-26 Dispositif chauffant WO2012127064A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12711856.0A EP2689194A2 (fr) 2011-03-24 2012-03-26 Dispositif chauffant

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11159615.1 2011-03-24
EP11159615 2011-03-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012127064A2 true WO2012127064A2 (fr) 2012-09-27
WO2012127064A3 WO2012127064A3 (fr) 2013-04-25

Family

ID=45928882

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2012/055351 WO2012127064A2 (fr) 2011-03-24 2012-03-26 Dispositif chauffant

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2689194A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012127064A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014079920A1 (fr) * 2012-11-22 2014-05-30 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Bâtiment dans lequel est intégré un élément d'accumulation thermique et installation thermo-solaire
EP3050860A1 (fr) * 2015-01-29 2016-08-03 Universität Kassel Ballast de mise a la terre et zone de mise a la terre
FR3127096A1 (fr) * 2021-09-16 2023-03-17 Fogo Dispositif de chauffage électrique

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2813579T3 (es) 2015-01-12 2021-03-24 Laminaheat Holding Ltd Elemento calefactor de tejidos
EP3366080A1 (fr) 2015-10-19 2018-08-29 LaminaHeat Holding Ltd. Éléments de chauffage stratifiés ayant une résistance personnalisée ou non uniforme et/ou des formes irrégulières et procédés de fabrication
USD911038S1 (en) 2019-10-11 2021-02-23 Laminaheat Holding Ltd. Heating element sheet having perforations

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999009790A1 (fr) 1997-08-14 1999-02-25 Bernard Aulagne Panneau chauffant electrique
EP1564341A2 (fr) 2004-02-16 2005-08-17 Peter Gmeiner Elément de paroi pour un bâtiment et procédé de fabrication

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2244157A1 (de) * 1972-09-08 1974-03-14 Ebenseer Betonwerke Gmbh Flaechenheizung fuer bauteile
WO1981003170A1 (fr) * 1980-05-01 1981-11-12 Aalborg Portland Cement Article forme et materiau composite et leur procede de production
WO2010130353A1 (fr) * 2009-05-11 2010-11-18 Zimmerer, Wilhelm Dispositif de chauffage électrique de grande surface et procédé ainsi que matériau pour sa fabrication
EP2507560A2 (fr) * 2009-07-17 2012-10-10 Emma, Gmeiner Système solaire, système de climatisation et plaque chauffante à accumulation

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999009790A1 (fr) 1997-08-14 1999-02-25 Bernard Aulagne Panneau chauffant electrique
EP1564341A2 (fr) 2004-02-16 2005-08-17 Peter Gmeiner Elément de paroi pour un bâtiment et procédé de fabrication

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014079920A1 (fr) * 2012-11-22 2014-05-30 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Bâtiment dans lequel est intégré un élément d'accumulation thermique et installation thermo-solaire
EP3050860A1 (fr) * 2015-01-29 2016-08-03 Universität Kassel Ballast de mise a la terre et zone de mise a la terre
FR3127096A1 (fr) * 2021-09-16 2023-03-17 Fogo Dispositif de chauffage électrique
EP4152890A3 (fr) * 2021-09-16 2023-05-31 Fogo Dispositif de chauffage electrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2689194A2 (fr) 2014-01-29
WO2012127064A3 (fr) 2013-04-25

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