WO2012122667A1 - 甜菜碱型表面活性剂及其制备和应用 - Google Patents

甜菜碱型表面活性剂及其制备和应用 Download PDF

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WO2012122667A1
WO2012122667A1 PCT/CN2011/000389 CN2011000389W WO2012122667A1 WO 2012122667 A1 WO2012122667 A1 WO 2012122667A1 CN 2011000389 W CN2011000389 W CN 2011000389W WO 2012122667 A1 WO2012122667 A1 WO 2012122667A1
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acid
aryl
surfactant according
betaine surfactant
betaine
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WO2012122667A8 (zh
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刘春德
袁士义
王德民
宋新民
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/000389 priority Critical patent/WO2012122667A1/zh
Priority to US13/985,735 priority patent/US9540559B2/en
Priority to CN2012100569314A priority patent/CN102618244B/zh
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Publication of WO2012122667A8 publication Critical patent/WO2012122667A8/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C09K8/584Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C229/00Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/02Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/04Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C229/06Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/10Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C229/14Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of carbon skeletons containing rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/01Sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/02Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C309/03Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/13Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/14Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the carbon skeleton containing amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of surfactants, particularly betaine surfactants, and their preparation and use. Background technique
  • alkali consumption and scaling due to the use of strong alkali and excessive use of alkali, there are some negative problems: alkali consumption and scaling, reservoir damage, reduction of displacement fluid viscosity, oil-water emulsification seriously increase the difficulty of processing the produced liquid and Economic costs, lifting processes that severely affect oil recovery, and severely corroding equipment. Therefore, the use of alkali, especially strong alkali, is avoided in the composite flooding; the viscosity and elasticity of the weak base and alkali-free systems are higher than that of the strong alkali ternary system, which can not only reduce the amount of the polymer, but also increase the sweep coefficient; The injection equipment and process are simpler than the ternary system, which can reduce the economic cost.
  • weak alkali and alkali-free systems are the development direction of composite flooding, and it is also receiving more and more attention from oilfield developers.
  • the current limiting factor in limiting the development of weak base/alkali systems is the development of highly reactive surfactants. Because the weak base/alkali-free composite flooding weakens the action mechanism of the alkali compared with the ternary strong base composite flooding, it is more difficult to achieve ultra-low interfacial tension, and the surfactants currently under study are still only in the laboratory. In the screening stage, and the economic cost is high, it is difficult to meet the needs of actual production.
  • Betaine surfactant is a zwitterionic surfactant. Because of the chelation of metal ions, most of the surfactants can be used for high salinity, higher temperature oil displacement, and The chromatographic separation effect of the nonionic and anionic active agents is greatly reduced. It mainly includes carboxybetaines and sucrose bases. U.S. patents report the use of sulfobetaine amphoteric surfactants in tertiary oil recovery. This surfactant is highly effective in reducing the oil-water interfacial tension in a high-salt-based medium having a large divalent metal cation content, and also has good emulsification and solubilization properties.
  • Daqing Petroleum Institute successfully developed a new type of carboxylated betaine BS13 surfactant system.
  • the results of indoor displacement experiments show that the oil displacement effect of BS13 oil displacement system is better than that of strong alkali ternary system.
  • the synthetic route of such surfactants is complicated, the economic cost is high, and the process route needs to be improved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a betaine-type surfactant which is resistant to salt and high-grade water. When used in a binary composite flooding, it can also achieve ultra-low interfacial tension at a lower concentration.
  • Betaine surfactant as shown by (I): CH 3 Wherein m and n are at least one positive integer greater than 0, and R1 and R2 are independently H or alkyl, R3,
  • R4 is independent of each other, X is - ⁇ HCI ⁇ SO 3 or a C_0 ⁇
  • m + n a positive integer of 9-17, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently H or a C1-C4 fluorenyl group, and R3 and R4 are each independently a C1-C2 fluorenyl group.
  • betaine surfactants have the following specific structures:
  • the method for preparing the above betaine surfactant comprises the following steps:
  • thiol thiolation the olefinic acid or the enoic acid ester reacts with mercaptobenzene or benzene under the catalysis of a protonic acid to obtain an arylalkylcarboxylic acid or an arylsulfonylcarboxylate;
  • Quaternization reaction reacting an aryl fatty tertiary amine with sodium chlorohydroxypropyl sulfonate or sodium chloroacetate to obtain a mesh Standard product.
  • the enoic acid is oleic acid.
  • the enoate is methyl enoate.
  • the alkylbenzene is toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene.
  • the secondary amine is dimethylamine or diethylamine.
  • the quaternization reaction conditions are as follows: using a solvent of methanol as a solvent, at 130 ° C and 0.3 MPa, an aryl fatty tertiary amine is reacted with sodium chlorohydroxypropyl sulfonate or sodium chloroacetate to form a target product.
  • the conditions of the amination reaction are: aryl fatty alcohol at 180-250 ° C, 0.3 MPa, and gaseous secondary amine, Cu and Ni composite catalyst (see patent CN1316297, CN1110629, reference daily chemical industry 2005 Vol. 25, No. 2) Catalytic to form an aryl fatty tertiary amine.
  • reaction conditions of the thiol hydration are: reacting a nonylbenzene or a benzene with a 5-fold substance of an olefinic acid or a methyl enoate under the action of a protonic acid catalyst at 115 to 120 ° C and 0.2 MPa. A methyl aryl mercaptocarboxylate is formed.
  • the protic acid is methanesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid.
  • the hydrogenation reduction reaction conditions are: arylalkylcarboxylic acid or methyl arylalkylcarboxylate under the action of a hydrogenation catalyst CuO-ZnO-Cr 2 0 3 at 200-350 ° C, 25-30 MPa At the time, the hydrogenation is reduced to an aryl alpha stearyl alcohol.
  • the invention adopts an enoic acid or an enoate and a benzene or a mercaptobenzene to undergo hydrogenation to obtain an aromatic fatty alcohol, and reacts with a secondary amine to obtain an aromatic fatty tertiary amine, and then with sodium chlorohydroxypropyl sulfonate or The sodium chloroacetate is reacted to obtain the betaine surfactant of the present invention.
  • the mercaptobenzene is monodecylbenzene or dinonylbenzene, and the C chain length of the substituted indenyl group is preferably C1-C8, more preferably C1-C4, and most preferably Cl-C2.
  • the substituted fluorenyl group in the secondary amine R 3 NR4 is preferably C1-C4, since the reaction is preferably carried out by using a gas to a secondary amine, more preferably the substituted fluorenyl group is C1-C2, and most preferably the two fluorenyl substituents are simultaneously C1 or C2.
  • the amine is diethylamine or dimethylamine.
  • the aryl mercaptocarboxylic acid formed by oleic acid is more harsh in hydrogenation, it is preferred that the oleic acid is esterified before the reaction, in particular, methyl oleate is obtained, and hydrogenation is more convenient.
  • the embodiment of the present invention utilizes oleic acid and a cheap industrial raw material such as toluene or meta-xylene, followed by esterification, thiolation, hydrogenation reduction, amination and quaternization, and finally produces an aromatic group.
  • Octadecylsulfobetaine This synthetic route not only has low raw material prices, but also has a high yield of mature products, and also contains the aromatic groups necessary for tertiary oil recovery surfactants. This is due to the presence of a large amount of aromatic compounds in petroleum. In order to improve compatibility with crude oil, it is necessary to introduce an aromatic group on the carbon atom skeleton.
  • the synthetic route of the invention is as follows:
  • DRAWINGS Figure 1 is an infrared spectrum of the product of step 3 in Example 1,
  • FIG. 1 shows the hydrogen spectrum of the product of step 3 in Example 1,
  • Figure 3 is an infrared spectrum of the product of step 4 in Example 1,
  • Figure 4 is a hydrogen spectrum of the product of step 4 in Example 1,
  • Figure 5 is an infrared spectrum of the product of step 5 in Example 1,
  • Figure 6a shows the hydrogen spectrum of the product of step 5 in Example 1,
  • Figure 7a shows the hydrogen spectrum of the target product in Example 2
  • Steps 1-4 are as described in Example 1.
  • Example 2 The target product and the oil-water interface activity of the Daqing No. 6 Plant.
  • Figure 8. Binary system surfactant concentration at
  • the interfacial tension can reach ultra-low in the range of 0.05wt%-0.3wt%, which also indicates that the synthesized novel betaine surfactant has excellent performance in kilogram samples.
  • the novel aryl thioglycine betaine surfactant has excellent ability and effectiveness to reduce interfacial tension, especially at a relatively low concentration.
  • the surfactant of Example 1 is 50-500 ppm.
  • the interfacial tension between the system and the Daqing No. 3 Plant is shown in Figure 9. It can be seen that the interfacial tension of the system is extremely low in the concentration range of 50-500ppm, and the interface performance is excellent!
  • amphoteric surfactants are their high resistance to mineralization and divalent ions. Therefore, we have studied the ability of the betaine surfactants to resist divalent ions and the adaptability to mineralization.
  • the betaine-type surfactant of Example 1 has a mineralization resistance of up to 150,000 mg/L, and can be applied to the formation water quality of most oilfields.
  • Calcium chloride was added to the Daqing formation water to investigate the effect of divalent ions on the interfacial tension of the betaine surfactant of Example 2, as shown in FIG. It can be seen from Fig. 12 that the interfacial tension can also be ultra-low when the concentration of divalent ions reaches 1,500 mg/L. (5) Comparison of oil displacement experiments of different oil-transfer systems with man-made homogeneous long cores
  • the recovery rate of the alkali-free binary system and the ternary system with NaOH is basically the same, and the recovery rate of the binary system combined with Na3P04 as a sacrificial agent is slightly higher than the former two schemes.
  • the invention utilizes the cheap raw materials oleic acid and mercaptobenzene in the market, and sequentially forms an aryl mercaptobetaine by esterification, vinylation, hydrogenation reduction reaction, amination reaction and quaternary amine reaction.
  • This product has five advantages: First, the reaction mature rate is high; Second, the raw materials are cheap and easy to buy; Third, the aromatic group is present in the middle of the carbon chain; Fourth, the product has high activity, and can reduce Daqing 1-6 without adding alkali
  • the interfacial tension of the crude oil of the plant is 10 _ 3 mN/m ; the fifth is very strong temperature resistance (130 ⁇ ), resistance to mineralization and dilution resistance, and has great application prospects in the tertiary oil recovery field.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Description

甜菜碱型表面活性剂及其制备和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及表面活性剂领域, 特别是甜菜碱型表面活性剂及其制备和应用。 背景技术
鉴于目前我国主要油田 (大庆、 胜利、 辽河等) 已进入二次采油的后期阶段, 主 要特点是高含水和特高含水。为了提高现有油田的采收率,三次采油技术的开发应用 势在必行。 化学复合驱技术是上世纪 80年代发展起来的三次采油新技术, 其特点是 采用碱、表面活性剂和高分子聚合物之间的有机复合, 发挥各剂之间的协同作用, 不 仅能大幅度降低油水界面张力, 提高微观驱油效率, 同时能提高驱替液的粘度, 具有 较高的波及效率,从而大幅度提高采收率。实际现应用中由于使用强碱且碱的使用量 过多, 存在着一些负面问题: 碱耗与结垢、储层伤害、 降低驱替液粘度、 油水乳化严 重增加了产出液的处理难度和经济成本、 严重影响采油的举升工艺以及严重腐蚀设 备。 因而复合驱中避免使用碱, 尤其是强碱; 采用弱碱和无碱体系的粘度与弹性均高 于强碱三元体系,不但可以降低聚合物用量,还可以提高波及系数;并且其现场配制、 注入设备和工艺均比三元体系简单,可降低经济成本;所以尽可能采用弱碱和无碱体 系是复合驱发展方向, 也越来越受到油田开发者的广泛关注。 但是目前限制弱碱 /无 碱体系发展的最大制约因素就是高活性的表面活性剂的研制。因为与三元强碱复合驱 相比, 弱碱 /无碱复合驱减弱了碱的作用机理, 使其达到超低界面张力的难度更大, 而目前在研的表面活性剂还仅处于实验室筛选阶段,并且经济成本较高,难以满足实 际生产的需要。
甜菜碱类表面活性剂是一种两性离子表面活性剂,由于该种表面活性剂对金属离 子有螯合作用, 因而大多数都可用于高矿化度、 较高温度的油层驱油, 且能大大降低 非离子型与阴离子型活性剂复配时的色谱分离效应。主要包括羧基甜菜碱类和磺基甜 菜碱类。美国专利报道了磺基甜菜碱两性表面活性剂在三次采油中的应用。这种表面 活性剂在二价金属阳离子含量大的高盐水基介质中, 对于降低油水界面张力十分有 效, 而且还有良好的乳化和增溶性能。大庆石油学院成功研制出了一种新型羧基甜菜 碱 BS13表面活性剂体系, 室内驱替实验结果表明, BS13驱油体系的驱油效果要好于 强碱三元体系的驱油效果。但是这类表面活性剂合成路线较复杂, 经济成本较高, 工 艺路线有待改进。
发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种甜菜碱型表面活性剂, 其耐盐、 耐高矿^:度水, 用于二 元复合驱时, 其在较低浓度下, 也能达到超低界面张力。
甜菜碱型表面活性剂, 通式如 (I) 所示: CH3
Figure imgf000003_0001
其中, m、 n为至少有一个大于 0的正整数, 所述 Rl、 R2互相独立为 H或烷基, R3、
OH Q Ο
R4互相独立为垸基, X为 —^HCI^SO3 或者 一C一 0Θ
所述 m、 n为 2-10的正整数, 且 m+n=5-19, 所述 Rl、 R2互相独立为 H或 C1-C8的烷 基, R3、 R4互相独立为 C1-C4垸基。
所述 m+n=9-17的正整数, 所述 Rl、 R2互相独立为 H或 C1-C4的垸基, R3、 R4互 相独立为 C1-C2垸基。
所述 m、 n分别为 7或 8的正整数, 且 m+n=15, 所述 Rl、 R2互相独立为 H或 C1-C2 的垸基。
上述甜菜碱型表面活性剂, 具体结构如下:
Figure imgf000003_0002
CH3(CH2)mCH(CH2)nCl )N-CH2CHCH2Sof
CH3(C lfN-CH2CHCH2SO; 、 CH
CH
Figure imgf000004_0001
Figure imgf000004_0002
上述甜菜碱型表面活性剂的制备方法, 采用如下步骤:
( 1 ) 付氏垸基化: 烯酸或烯酸酯与垸基苯或苯在质子酸的催化下发生付 氏反应, 得到芳基烷基羧酸或芳基垸基羧酸酯;
(2)加氢还原: 芳基垸基羧酸或芳基垸基羧酸酯催化加氢脱酯化保护基团而 得到芳基脂肪醇;
( 3 ) 胺化反应: 芳基脂肪醇与仲胺经过 Cu和 Ni复合催化剂, 生成芳基脂肪叔 胺,
(4)季胺化反应: 将芳基脂肪叔胺与氯羟丙基磺酸钠或氯乙酸钠反应, 得到目 标产物。
所述烯酸为油酸。
所述烯酸酯为烯酸甲酯。
所述烷基苯为甲苯、 二甲苯、 乙苯。
所述仲胺为二甲胺、 二乙胺。
所述季胺化反应条件为: 以甲醇为溶剂, 在 130°C、 0.3MPa下, 芳基脂肪叔胺 与氯羟丙基磺酸钠或氯乙酸钠反应, 生成目标产物。
所述胺化反应的条件为: 芳基脂肪醇在 180~250°C、 0.3MPa下,与气态仲胺经, Cu和 Ni复合催化剂 (见专利 CN1316297、 CN1110629, 参考文献日用化学工业 2005 年 25卷 2期) 催化, 生成芳基脂肪叔胺。
所述付氏垸基化的反应条件为: 将垸基苯或苯与 5倍物质的量的烯酸或烯酸甲 酯, 在质子酸催化剂作用下, 115〜120°C、 0.2MPa下反应生成芳基垸基羧酸甲酯。
所述质子酸为甲磺酸、 磷酸、 硫酸或氢氟酸。
所述加氢还原反应条件为: 芳基烷基羧酸或芳基烷基羧酸甲酯在加氢催化剂 CuO-ZnO-Cr203作用下, 在 200-350°C、 25-30 MPa时, 加氢还原为芳基 α十八烷基醇。
本发明采用烯酸或烯酸酯与苯或垸基苯发生付氏垸基化反应后加氢得到芳香脂 肪醇, 与仲胺反应得到芳香脂肪叔胺, 再与氯羟丙基磺酸钠或氯乙酸钠反应得到本发 明的甜菜碱类表面活性剂。 所述垸基苯为一垸基苯或二垸基苯, 取代垸基的 C链长度 优选 C1-C8, 更优选 C1-C4, 最优选 Cl-C2。 仲胺 R3NR4中的取代垸基优选 C1-C4, 因 反应采用气向仲胺更好, 更优选取代垸基为 C1-C2, 最优选两个垸基取代基同时为 C1 或 C2即仲胺为二乙胺或二甲胺。烯酸或烯酸酯的结构为 C8-C22, 更优选 C12-C20, 最 优选 C链长为 18, ( m =7-8, n=7-8, m+n=15, 即油酸或油酸酯)。 由于油酸形成的芳 基垸基羧酸在氢化时条件更苛刻些, 优选, 油酸在反应前进行酯化, 特别是得到油酸 甲酯, 氢化更容易些。
. 本发明的实施例利用油酸和甲苯或间二甲苯等廉价工业原料, 依次经过酯化、 付氏垸基化、 加氢还原、 胺化和季胺化反应, 最后生成了含有芳香基团的十八 垸基磺基甜菜碱。 此合成工艺路线, 不但原材料价格低廉, 而且路线成熟产品 收率高, 而且还含有三次采油用表面活性剂所必须的芳香基团 (这是由于石油中 有含大量的芳香族化合物的存在, 因此为了提高与原油的相容性, 需要在碳原子骨架 上引入芳香基团) 。 本发明的合成路线如下:
CH3OH
CH3(CH2)mCH=CH(CH2)nCOOH — CH3(CH2)mCH=CH(CH2)nCOOCH3
Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure imgf000006_0002
附图说明 图 1 实施例 1中步骤 3产物的红外图谱,
图 2 实施例 1中步骤 3产物的氢谱图,
图 3 实施例 1中步骤 4产物的红外图谱,
图 4 实施例 1中步骤 4产物的氢谱图,
图 5 实施例 1中步骤 5产物的红外图谱,
图 6a 实施例 1中步骤 5产物的氢谱图,
图 6b 图 6a氢谱信号归属图,
图 7a 实施例 2中目标产物的氢谱图,
图 7b 图 7a氢谱信号归属图,
图 8 二元体系的表面张力, 其中聚合物为疏水聚丙烯酰胺 P1900万, 2000ppm 图 9 一元体系的低浓度表面张力,
图 10 温度对界面张力的影响,
图 11 矿化度对界面张力的影响
图 12 二价离子对界面张力的影响,
图 13 本发明表面活性剂不同体系人造均质长岩心驱替结果
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
实施例 1
( 1 ) 酯化反应: 将油酸和甲醇 (甲醇过量) 混合, 加入催化剂浓硫酸或对甲 苯磺酸, 加热回流 10h。 冷却, 用甲醇钠中和至 pH值为 8-9, 用水洗至中性, 经无水氯化钙干燥后进行减压蒸馏, 即得油酸甲酯;
(2)付氏垸基化:在密封反应釜中,加入 (3.5mol)间二甲苯和 (0.75mol)甲基磺酸, 在室温下由氮气吹 10min, 然后在 0.15Mpa下, 升温至 120-135, 然后滴加 (lmol) 步 骤(1 )的反应生成物烯基羧酸甲酯, 滴加时间控制在 6h, 滴加完毕后, 继续反应 3h。 冷却至室温下, 静置分层, 用冰水(与甲基磺酸等体积)缓慢滴加, 冲洗三次, 分出 下层甲基磺酸的水溶液, 回收保存。 上层液体继续用冰水洗三次, 依次干燥, 在 100MPa、 220Ό下, 精馏出芳基烷基羧酸甲酯, 采用气质联用色谱外标法检测烯基 羧酸甲酯转化率为 95%以上;
(3 ) 加氢还原: 步骤 (2) 的反应生成物二甲苯油酸甲酯在加氢催化剂
CuO-ZnO-Cr203作用下,在 200-350°C、 25-30 MPa时,加氢还原为二甲苯 α十八垸基醇: 结构确证图谱如图 1、 图 2所示。
红外图谱:
在图 1可以看到在 3332.64 cm 处有一个较大的醇的缔合 0— H伸缩振动; 在 1055.93 ^^1处(C-0键的伸缩吸收)证明有伯醇的存在。 在 3008.96 cm—1 (Ar— H伸缩 振动); 1608.60 cm—1 , 1501.96 cm—1 (苯环的骨架振动); 817.48 cm"1 (间二取代苯的 Ar— H面外变形振动)。 2925.49 cm—1 , 2853.67 cm (甲基饱和 C一 H伸缩振动); 1461.45 cm—1 , 1375.93 cm"1 (甲基 C一 H弯曲振动)。
1HNMR:
如图 2所示, 从 iHNMR数据可以看出, 表明分子结构基本相称, 即所得产物与 理论值基本相符。 ■
(4)胺化反应: 步骤(3 )的反应生成物二甲苯 α十八垸基醇在 180〜250°C、 0.3MPa 下, 与过量的气相二甲胺经过 Cu和 Ni复合催化剂, 生成二甲苯 α十八叔胺; 结构确证 图谱如图 3、 图 4所示。
红外图谱:
在图 3可以看到在 3018.15 cm—1 (Ar— Η伸缩振动); 1607.27 cm—1 , 1512.95 cm— 1 (苯 环的骨架振动); 815.33 cm"1 (对位取代苯的 Ar— H面外变形振动)。 2926.35 cm—1 , 2854.16 cm—1 (甲基饱和 C一 H伸缩振动); 1461.95 cm 1 , 1376.25 cm—1 (甲基 C一 H弯曲 振动)。
'HNMR:
如图 4所示, 从1 HNMR数据可以看出, 表明分子结构基本相称, 即所得产物与 理论值基本相符。
( 5 ) 季胺化反应: 将步骤 (4) 的反应生成物二甲苯 α十八叔胺, 与等物质的量 的氯羟丙基磺酸钠, 以甲醇为溶剂, 在 13(TC、 0.3MPa下反应, 生成目标甜菜碱类表 面活性剂。 结构确证图谱如图 5、 6所示。
红外图谱:
在图 5可以看到在 3421.18 cm"1处有一个较大的醇的缔合 0— H伸缩振动。 在 3008.96 cm— 1 (Ar— H伸缩振动); 1637.63 cm—1 , 1463.2 cm (苯环的骨架振动); 816.48 cm— 间二取代苯的 Ar— H面外变形振动)。2925.30 cn 1 , 2853.57 cm"' (甲基饱和 C一 H 伸缩振动)。 1199.82 cm"1 ( S03的反对称伸缩振动)。 1042.35 cm— 1附近是叔胺的 C-N 伸缩振动。 629 cm—1 ( S03的面外弯曲振动)。 1顯 MR:
如图 6a、 图 6b所示, 从1 HNMR数据可以看出, 表明分子结构基本相称, 即所得 产物与理论值基本相符。
实施例 2
步骤 1 -4如实施例 1所述。
( 5 )将步骤(4 )的反应生成物二甲苯 α十八叔胺, 与氯乙酸钠, 以甲醇为溶剂, 在 130°C、 0.3MPa下反应, 生成目标甜菜碱类表面活性剂。 结构确证图谱如图 7a、 图 7b所示。
工业实用性
实验例
( 1 ) 二元体系超低界面张力实验
实施例 2目标产物与大庆六厂油水界面活性。 图 8, 二元体系表面活性剂浓度在
0.05wt%-0.3wt%范围内界面张力均能达到超低,亦表明合成的新型甜菜碱表面活性剂 公斤级样品性能优异。
( 2 ) 一元体系超低界面张力实验
新型芳基垸基甜菜碱表面活性剂具有优异的降低界面张力的能力和效力,尤其是 在相当低的使用浓度下仍具有很好的界面活性, 我们实施例 1表面活性剂 50-500ppm 浓度一元体系与大庆三厂油水界面张力, 如图 9所示。可以看出, 在 50-500ppm浓度范 围内体系界面张力达到超低, 界面性能优异!
( 3 ) 温度对界面活性的影响
应用大庆油田采油四厂原油和大庆采油四厂回注污水, 改变测试温度, 发现实施 例 1表面活性剂随温度的改变界面张力变化不大, 如图 10所示。
(4 ) 矿化度、 二价离子对界面张力的影响
两性表面活性剂一个突出的特点是耐矿化度和二价离子的能力较强。 因此, 我们 对实施例 1、 2甜菜碱表面活剂耐二价离子能力和对矿化度的适应性进行了研究。
矿化度对界面张力的影响见图 11。 从图 11可以看到, 具有实施例 1的甜菜碱型 表面活性剂耐矿化度的能力可高达 150000mg/L, 能够适用于多数油田的地层水质。 . 在大庆地层水中添加氯化钙,考察了二价离子对实施例 2甜菜碱表面活性剂界面 张力的影响, 如图 12所示。 由图 12可以看出, 二价离子浓度达到 1, 500mg/L时界面 张力也能达到超低。 ( 5 ) 人造均质长岩心不同驱油体系驱油实验对比
无碱二元体系、加入 Na2C03、 Na3P04作为牺牲剂的二元体系与加 NaOH的三元体 系均具有较好的驱油效果, 因此, 我们又在均质长岩心上对以上几种驱油方案的驱油 效果进行验证, 结果见图 13。 其中: 方案 1 合成磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂 0.2%+聚合 物 2500mg/l 0.35PV , 方案 2 合成磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂 0.2%+聚合物
2500mg/l+Na3PO4 0.4% 0.35PV , 方案 3合成磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂 0.3%+聚合物
2500mg/l + NaOH 1% 0.35PV 注:以上每个方案保护段塞均为 P lOOOmg/1 0.20
PV。
无碱二元体系、与加入 NaOH的三元体系采收率提高幅度基本相当,加入 Na3P04 作为牺牲剂的二元体系复合驱采收率略高于前两种方案。
本发明利用市场上廉价原料油酸和垸基苯, 依次通过酯化、 付氏烷基化、 加氢 还原反应、胺化反应和季胺^反应生成芳基垸基甜菜碱。本产品具有五个优点: 一是 反应成熟转化率高; 二是原料低廉易购; 三是芳香基团存在于碳链中部; 四是产品具 有活性高, 不用加碱就可降低大庆 1-6厂原油的界面张力至 10_3mN/m; 五是具 有很强的耐温 (130Ό )、 耐矿化度和抗稀释能力, 在三次采油领域具有极大地 应用前景。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种甜菜碱 所示:
Figure imgf000011_0001
其中, m、 n至少有一个为大于 0的正整数, 所述 Rl、 R2互相独立为 H或烷基, R3、
OH ø O
R4互相独立为垸基, X为 — CHCH2S03 或者 一 C—O® 。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的甜菜碱型表面活性剂, 其特征在于: 所述 m、 n为 2-10 的正整数, 且 m+n=5-19, 所述 Rl、 R2互相独立为 H或 C1-C8的烷基, R3、 R4互相独 立为 C1-C4垸基。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的甜菜碱型表面活性剂, 其特征在于: 所述 m+n=9-17的 正整数, 所述 Rl、 R2互相独立为 H或 C1-C4的烷基, R3、 R4互相独立为 C1-C2垸基。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的甜菜碱型表面活性剂, 其特征在于: 所述 m、 n为 7或 8 的正整数, 且 m+n=15, 所述 Rl、 R2互相独立为 H或 C1-C2的垸基。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的甜菜碱型表面活性剂, 具体结构如下:
Figure imgf000011_0002
Figure imgf000012_0001
Figure imgf000012_0002
6、一种权利要求 1所述的甜菜碱型表面活性剂的制备方法, 其特征在于: 采用如 下步骤:
(1) 付氏垸基化: 烯酸或烯酸酯与烷基苯或苯在质子酸的催化下发生付 氏反应, 得到芳基烷基羧酸或芳基垸基羧酸酯;
(2) 加氢还原: 芳基垸基羧酸或芳基烷基羧酸酯催化加氢脱酯化而得到芳基 脂肪醇;
(3) 胺化反应: 芳基脂肪醇与仲胺经过 Cu和 Ni复合催化剂, 生^ ¾芳基脂肪叔 胺; (4) 季胺化反应: 以甲醇为溶剂, 在 130°C、 0.3MPa下, 将芳基脂肪叔胺和氯 羟丙基磺酸钠或氯乙酸钠反应, 得到目标产物。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的甜菜碱型表面活性剂的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述 烯酸为油酸, 所述烯酸酯为烯酸甲酯, 所述垸基苯为甲苯、 二甲苯、 乙苯, 所 述仲胺为二甲胺、 二乙胺。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的甜菜碱型表面活性剂的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述 季胺化反应条件为: 以甲醇为溶剂, 在 130°C、 0.3MPa下, 芳基脂肪叔胺与氯羟丙 基磺酸钠或氯乙酸钠反应, 生成目标产物。
9、 根据权利要求 6所述的甜菜碱型表面活性剂的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述 胺化反应的条件为: 芳基脂肪醇在 180〜250°C、 0.3MPa下, 与气态仲胺经过 Cu和 Ni 复合催化剂, 生成芳基脂肪叔胺。
10、 根据权利要求 6所述的甜菜碱型表面活性剂的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所 述付氏垸基化的反应条件为: 将垸基苯或苯与 5倍物质的量烯酸或烯酸甲酯, 在质 子酸催化剂作用下, 115〜120°C、 0.2MPa下反应生成芳基垸基羧酸甲酯。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的甜菜碱型表面活性剂的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所 述质子酸为甲磺酸、 磷酸、 硫酸或氢氟酸。
12、 根据权利要求 6所述的甜菜碱型表面活性剂的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所 述加氢还原反应条件为: 芳基垸基羧酸或芳基垸基羧酸甲酯在加氢催化剂 CuO-ZnO-Cr203作用下, 在 200-350°C、 25-30 MPa时, 加氢还原为芳基 α十八垸基 醇。
13、 一种权利要求 1所述的甜菜碱型表面活性剂的应用, 其特征在于: 在三次采 油中用做二元复合驱表面活性剂。
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