WO2012119550A1 - 含环丙烷结构的c-葡萄糖苷衍生物及其制备方法、药物组合物和用途 - Google Patents

含环丙烷结构的c-葡萄糖苷衍生物及其制备方法、药物组合物和用途 Download PDF

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WO2012119550A1
WO2012119550A1 PCT/CN2012/072053 CN2012072053W WO2012119550A1 WO 2012119550 A1 WO2012119550 A1 WO 2012119550A1 CN 2012072053 W CN2012072053 W CN 2012072053W WO 2012119550 A1 WO2012119550 A1 WO 2012119550A1
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compound
group
pharmaceutically acceptable
formula
prodrug
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PCT/CN2012/072053
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French (fr)
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赵桂龙
邵华
王玉丽
魏群超
吴疆
侯佳佳
魏巍
徐为人
邹美香
汤立达
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天津药物研究院
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D309/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D309/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D309/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D309/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D309/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D309/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D309/06Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of medicines related to diabetes.
  • the present invention relates to a C-glucoside derivative containing a cyclopropane structure, a process for the preparation thereof, a pharmaceutical composition and use. Background technique
  • the antidiabetic drugs currently used in clinical practice mainly include diterpenoids, sulfonylureas, insulins, thiazolidinediones, ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors. These drugs have good therapeutic effects, but there are safety problems in long-term treatment, such as: liver toxicity, hypoglycemia, weight gain and many other problems.
  • Type 2 sodium glucose co-transporter is a new target for the treatment of diabetes found in recent years.
  • SGLT2 is mainly distributed in the proximal tubules of the kidney. Its function is to absorb glucose from the urine and return it to the blood. Therefore, inhibition of SGLT2 can lower the blood glucose concentration. This method reduces blood sugar levels in a different way from the past. When SGLT2 is blocked, more glucose is secreted in the urine, which will help diabetics maintain normal blood sugar levels. Since SGLT2 inhibitors are not involved in glucose metabolism, they can be used as a supplement to mainstream blood glucose control methods.
  • A is a covalent bond, 0 S, Li, (CH 2 ) n , n
  • X is a covalent bond or a lower alkylene group.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a C-glucoside compound having a cyclopropane structure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug ester thereof having a good activity.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of the above compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug ester thereof.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug ester thereof.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a compound as described above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, and the use of the above pharmaceutical composition.
  • the invention provides a compound having the structure of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof:
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -1, -OR 3 , -SR 4 , -OCF 3 , -CF 3 , -CHF 2 , -CH 2 F, CC 3 or a branched alkyl group and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, wherein R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from a linear or branched alkyl group of dC 3 ;
  • R 2 is selected from d-Cg straight or branched chain alkyl, cyclopropyl, and -OR 5, wherein R 5 is selected from C r C linear or branched alkyl and cyclopropyl 3.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of -H, -F, -Cl, -OR 3 , -OCF 3 , -CF 3 , -CH 3 and cyclopropyl, wherein R 3 is selected from a linear or branched alkyl group of dC 3 ;
  • R 2 is selected from a linear or branched alkyl group of C r C 3 and -OR 5 , wherein R 5 is selected from a linear or branched alkyl group of C r C 3 .
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug ester of the compound of the present invention comprises any one or more of the hydroxyl groups in the molecule formed with an acetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a phosphoryl group, an amino decanoyl group or an alkanoyl group. ester.
  • the invention provides a method of the compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein the synthetic route of Compound I is as follows:
  • Compound II is reacted with a trimethylsilylation reagent in the presence of a base to obtain a compound III
  • the base used is selected from the group consisting of N-mercaptomorpholine, triethylamine, pyridine, 4-diguanidinopyridine, etc., tridecyl silicon A base reagent such as trimethylchlorosilane or the like.
  • Compound IV is converted to the corresponding acid chloride using an acyl chloride reagent such as thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride.
  • V Compound V undergoes a Friedel acylation reaction with the compound PhR 2 under the catalysis of aluminum trichloride to obtain a compound VI.
  • the compound VII is subjected to a dehydration reaction with an acid such as hydrazine acid, sulfuric acid, trifluoroantimonic acid or the like to give a compound VIII.
  • Compound VIII is reacted with diiododecane in the presence of a catalyst to obtain Compound IX, and the catalyst is Et 2 Zn or Zn-Cu.
  • Compound IX is reacted with an alkyllithium reagent such as n-butyllithium to give compound X.
  • Compound X is directly reacted with compound III in the reaction system without isolation to give compound XI.
  • Compound XI is treated with decyl alcohol under the catalysis of an acid such as hydrazine acid, trifluoroantimonic acid, p-toluic acid or the like to give compound XII.
  • Compound XII is reduced with a reducing agent such as triethylsilane, triisopropylsilane or the like in the presence of a Lewis acid such as BF 3 'Et 20 , BF 3 -MeCN, or trifluoroacetic acid to give compound XIII.
  • a reducing agent such as triethylsilane, triisopropylsilane or the like in the presence of a Lewis acid such as BF 3 'Et 20 , BF 3 -MeCN, or trifluoroacetic acid to give compound XIII.
  • Compound XIII is acetylated with a reagent such as acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride in the presence of a base such as anhydrous sodium acetate, pyridine or 4-diguanidinopyridine to give XIV.
  • Compound XIV is isolated and purified by column chromatography or recrystallization to give compound XV
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically or foodly acceptable excipients .
  • the pharmaceutical composition is a solid oral preparation, a liquid oral preparation or an injection; preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is a tablet, a granule, a capsule, an oral solution, a small needle injection, a large infusion or a frozen Dry powder injection.
  • the pharmaceutically or foodly acceptable adjuvant may be selected from the group consisting of: fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, effervescent agents, flavoring agents, preservatives, coating materials, or other excipient.
  • the filler is selected from the group consisting of lactose, sucrose, dextrin, starch, pregelatinized starch, mannitol, sorbitol, dibasic calcium phosphate, sulfuric acid 4 bow, carbonic acid 4 bow and microcrystalline cellulose or
  • the binder is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, starch, povidone, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl hydrazine cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, decyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, medicinal ethanol And one or more of the water;
  • the disintegrant is selected from the group consisting of starch, crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium carboxycellulose, and effervescent One or more of the disintegrants.
  • the present invention provides the above compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug ester thereof, and the use of the above pharmaceutical composition for the preparation of a medicament for treating diabetes.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating diabetes comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of the above compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition as described above.
  • the compound of the formula I of the present invention has an inhibitory effect on the SGLT2 enzyme and can be used as an active ingredient.
  • the activity of the compounds of formula I according to the invention is verified by an in vivo hypoglycemic model.
  • the compounds of formula I of the present invention are effective over a relatively wide dosage range.
  • the daily dose is about 1 mg-1000 mg/person, divided into one or several doses.
  • the dosage of the compound of formula I of the present invention may be determined by the physician in light of the circumstances. These conditions include: the physical condition of the subject, the route of administration, age, weight, individual response to the drug, severity of symptoms, and the like. The best way to implement the invention
  • a dry 100 mL round bottom flask was charged with 5.88 g (17.3 mmol) of the above-prepared (5-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)fluorenone and 60 mL of dry THF. After purging with nitrogen, it was sealed with a rubber soft plug. The flask was placed at -10. Cool in C ice bath and stir with electromagnetic force. Add 8 mL (24 mmol) of 3 M guanidinium chloride in THF to the flask with a syringe. After the dropwise addition was completed, the resulting mixture was further stirred at this temperature for half an hour.
  • a 250 mL dry round bottom flask was charged with dry magnets, 10 mL of dry THF and 5 mL of dry DME, purged with nitrogen and sealed with a rubber soft plug at -20. Cool in the cold bath of C and start electromagnetic stirring. 24 mL (24 mmol) of 1.0 M Et 2 Zn in n-hexane solution was added thereto by syringe, and then 12.86 g (48 mmol) of diiododecane was dissolved in 10 mL of dry THF dropwise with a syringe. The solution.
  • Example 15 The sample of Example 1, pregelatinized starch and microcrystalline cellulose were passed through a 100 mesh sieve, thoroughly mixed, and a 10% aqueous solution of povidone was added to prepare a soft material. The sieve was passed through a 20 mesh sieve to prepare a wet pellet at 50-60. C is dried, sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate and talc are previously sieved through an 80 mesh sieve, and then added to the above-mentioned granules to be uniformly mixed, and the content of the intermediate is measured and tableted.
  • Example 15 Example 15
  • Example 16 The sample of Example 2, pregelatinized starch, microcrystalline cellulose, crospovidone, hydroxypropyl ketone cellulose passed through a 80 mesh sieve, thoroughly mixed, and then pre-screened stevia, flavor, stearic acid Magnesium and talc powder, evenly mixed, determine the content of the intermediate, directly compressed; or crushed and granulated by pressing with a roller press, and then compressed and packaged.
  • Example 16 The sample of Example 2, pregelatinized starch, microcrystalline cellulose, crospovidone, hydroxypropyl ketone cellulose passed through a 80 mesh sieve, thoroughly mixed, and then pre-screened stevia, flavor, stearic acid Magnesium and talc powder, evenly mixed, determine the content of the intermediate, directly compressed; or crushed and granulated by pressing with a roller press, and then compressed and packaged.
  • Example 16 The sample of Example 2, pregelatinized starch, microcrystalline cellulose, crospovidone, hydroxypropyl ketone cellulose passed
  • Example 3 The sample of Example 3, the pregelatinized starch and the microcrystalline cellulose were passed through a 100 mesh sieve, thoroughly mixed uniformly, and mixed with a 2% aqueous solution of hydroxypropionate to prepare a soft material, passed through a 20 mesh sieve, and made wet particles, at 50 -60. C Drying, magnesium stearate and talc powder are pre-screened, then added to the above-mentioned granules to be evenly mixed, and the intermediate content is determined to be filled with plastic, and the package is obtained.
  • Example 17 granules
  • Example 8 J ⁇ and excipients were respectively passed through a 100 mesh sieve, and then the prescription amount of the auxiliary material and the sample of Example 8 were thoroughly mixed and hooked. Further, a soft material made of a 5% aqueous solution of povidone is added, and the granules are sieved in a 16-18 mesh sieve, dried at 55-60 ° C, and sieved through a 14-mesh sieve to measure the intermediate content. Bagging and packaging.
  • Example 19 Small needle injection
  • Example 21 Freeze-dried powder for injection
  • Example 7 Take the sample of Example 7, put it in the container, add stabilizer PEG4000, add 40ml of water for injection, stir to dissolve, add mannitol, lactose to stir to dissolve, adjust the pH to 1mol/L hydrochloric acid or 1mol/L sodium hydroxide 4.0-7.0, add water to 50ml.
  • O.ig activated carbon was added, stirred at 25 ° C for 30 minutes, decarburized, filtered through a microporous membrane filter, and the filtrate was dispensed in 1 ml each. After pre-freezing for 2 hours, it was dried under reduced pressure for 15 hours under freezing, and after the sample temperature reached room temperature, it was further dried for 5 hours to obtain a loose mass, which was sealed to obtain a freeze-dried powder for injection.
  • Example 22 Example 22
  • ICR mice were purchased from: Tianjin Shanchuan Red Test Animal Technology Co., Ltd., SPF grade, license number: SCXK (Tian) 2009-0001. Dapagliflozin is synthesized by Tianjin Pharmaceutical Research Institute and its structural formula is as follows:
  • Examples 1-13 and Dapagliflozin were each formulated with 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to a suspension of 1 mg/mL concentration.
  • Six mice in each group were tested in batches, and 4-5 compounds were examined simultaneously with the model group, the blank group, and the Dapagliflozin group.
  • the administration group was administered with the above suspension of the samples of Examples 1-13 by intragastric administration in a volume of 0.4 ml/20 g; the Dapagliflozin control group was orally administered with the above suspension of Dapagliflozin in a volume of 0.4 ml/20 g.
  • the model group and the blank group were intragastrically administered with a 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution in a volume of 0.4 ml/20 g, respectively.
  • gluconate solution 2 g/kg was injected intraperitoneally 0.5 h after administration (Dapagliflozin was injected 1.5 h after the drug, and the blank group was not injected with glucose), and was taken at 0.5 h, lh, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h after sugar administration.
  • Blood was taken from the posterior venous plexus of the mouse by capillary tube, serum was separated by centrifugation, and serum glucose content was measured by glucose oxidase method at each time point.
  • the area under the curve (AUC) is calculated by taking the time as the abscissa and plotting the blood glucose value on the ordinate.
  • the results are shown in the table below:

Description

含环丙烷结构的 C-葡萄糖苷衍生物及其制备方法、 药物组合物和用途 技术领域
本发明属于与糖尿病相关的药物领域。 具体而言, 本发明涉及含环丙烷 结构的 C-葡萄糖苷类衍生物及其制备方法、 药物组合物和用途。 背景技术
全球糖尿病患者目前大约有 1.7亿左右,其中绝大多数为 II型(即非胰岛素 依赖型)糖尿病患者。 目前在临床使用的抗糖尿病药物主要有二曱双胍类、 磺酰脲类、 胰岛素类、噻唑烷二酮类、 α-葡糖苷酶抑制剂类和二肽基肽酶 -IV 抑制剂类药物,这些药物具有良好的治疗效果,但长期治疗存在安全性问题, 如: 肝毒性、 低血糖、 体重增加等诸多问题。
2型钠葡萄糖共转运子 (SGLT2)是近年来发现的治疗糖尿病的新靶点。 SGLT2主要分布在肾脏近端小管, 其作用是吸收尿中的葡萄糖, 并将其返回 到血液中, 因此抑制 SGLT2就能够降低血液中葡萄糖浓度, 这个方法从与以 往不同的途径降低了血糖水平。 当 SGLT2功能受阻时, 尿液中将分泌更多的 葡萄糖, 这将有助于糖尿病患者保持正常的血糖水平。 由于 SGLT2抑制剂不 介入葡萄糖代谢, 它可以作为血糖控制主流方法的补充手段。
Figure imgf000003_0001
其中, A为共价键, 0 S, 丽, (CH2)n, n
Figure imgf000003_0002
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中 X为共价键或低级亚烷基。
Figure imgf000004_0002
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种具有良好活性的含环丙烷结构的 C-葡萄 糖苷类化合物或其药学上可以接受的盐或前药酯。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种制备上述化合物或其药学上可以接受 的盐或前药酯的方法。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种含有上述化合物或其药学上可以接受 的盐或前药酯的药物组合物。
本发明的又一个目的是提供上述化合物或其药学上可以接受的盐或前 药酯, 以及上述药物组合物的用途。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一方面, 本发明提供一种具有下列通式 I结构的化合物或其药学上可以 接受的盐或前药酯:
Figure imgf000004_0003
其中, R1选自 -H、 -F、 -Cl、 -Br、 -1、 -OR3, -SR4、 -OCF3、 -CF3、 -CHF2、 -CH2F、 C C3的直链或支链烷基和含 3-5个碳原子的环烷基,其中 R3和 R4独立选自 d-C3的直链或支链烷基;
R2选自 d-Cg的直链或支链烷基、 环丙基和 -OR5 , 其中 R5选自 CrC3的 直链或支链烷基和环丙基。
优选具有以下通式 以接受的盐或前药酯:
Figure imgf000005_0001
其中,
R1选自 -H、 -F、 -Cl、 -OR3 , -OCF3、 -CF3、 -CH3和环丙基, 其中 R3选 自 d-C3的直链或支链烷基;
R2选自 CrC3的直链或支链烷基和 -OR5 ,其中 R5选自 CrC3的直链或支 链烷基。
更优选具有以下结构的化合物或其药学上可以接受的盐或前药酯:
Figure imgf000005_0002
Figure imgf000006_0001
优选地, 本发明所述化合物的药学上可接受的前药酯, 包括分子中的任 意一个或多个羟基与乙酰基、 特戊酰基、 磷酰基、 氨基曱酰基或烷氧曱酰基 等形成的酯。
另一方面, 本发明提供所述通式 I化合物或其药学上可以接受的盐或前 药酯的方法, 其中所述化合物 I的合成路线如下:
Figure imgf000007_0001
化合物 II在碱存在下与三曱基硅基化试剂反应, 得到化合物 III, 所用 的碱选自 N-曱基吗啉、 三乙胺、 吡啶和 4-二曱氨基吡啶等, 三曱基硅基化 试剂如三甲基氯硅烷等。
化合物 IV使用酰氯化试剂, 如氯化亚砜或草酰氯, 转化为对应的酰氯 V。 化合物 V在三氯化铝催化下与化合物 PhR2发生傅克酰基化反应, 得到 化合物 VI。 化合物 VI与曱基格氏试剂 MeMgX (X = Cl、 Br、 I)反应, 得到 化合物 VII。 化合物 VII用酸, 如曱橫酸、 硫酸、 三氟曱橫酸等处理发生脱 水反应得到化合物 VIII。化合物 VIII在催化剂存在下与二碘曱烷反应,得到 化合物 IX, 催化剂为 Et2Zn或 Zn-Cu等。 化合物 IX与烷基锂试剂, 如正丁 基锂反应得到化合物 X,化合物 X不需要进行分离直接在反应体系中与化合 物 III反应, 得到化合物 XI。 化合物 XI在酸, 如曱橫酸、 三氟曱橫酸、 对 曱苯橫酸等的催化下用曱醇处理, 得到化合物 XII。 化合物 XII在路易斯酸 如 BF3'Et20、 BF3-MeCN, 或者三氟乙酸等存在下用还原剂如三乙基硅烷、 三异丙基硅烷等还原得到化合物 XIII。化合物 XIII在碱如无水醋酸钠、吡啶、 4-二曱氨基吡啶等存在下用醋酸酐、 乙酰氯等试剂乙酰化得到 XIV。 化合物 XIV用柱层析或者重结晶等方法分离纯化, 得到化合物 XV。 化合物 XV用 碱, 如曱醇钠、 氢氧化钠、 氢氧化钾等处理, 脱掉乙酰基得到化合物 I。
再一方面, 本发明提供一种药物组合物, 该药物组合物含有上述式 I化 合物或其药学上可以接受的盐或前药酯, 以及一种或多种药学或食品学上可 接受的辅料。
优选地, 所述药物组合物为固体口服制剂、 液体口服制剂或注射剂; 优 选地, 所述药物组合物为片剂、颗粒剂、胶嚢剂、 口服溶液剂、 小针注射剂、 大输液或冻干粉针剂。
所述的药学或食品学上可接受辅料可选自: 填充剂、 粘合剂、 崩解剂、 润滑剂、 助流剂、 泡腾剂、 矫味剂、 防腐剂、 包衣材料、 或其它赋形剂。
优选地, 所述填充剂选自乳糖、 蔗糖、 糊精、 淀粉、 预胶化淀粉、 甘露 醇、 山梨醇、 磷酸氢钙、 硫酸 4弓、 碳酸 4弓和微晶纤维素中的一种或几种; 所 述的粘合剂选自蔗糖、 淀粉、 聚维酮、 羧曱基纤维素钠、 羟丙曱纤维素、 羟 丙纤维素、 曱基纤维素、 聚乙二醇、 药用乙醇和水中的一种或几种; 所述的 崩解剂选自淀粉、交联聚维酮、交联羧曱基纤维素钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素、 羧曱纤维素钠和泡腾崩解剂中的一种或几种。
又一方面, 本发明提供上述化合物或其药学上可以接受的盐或前药酯, 以及上述药物组合物在制备治疗糖尿病的药物中的应用。
还一方面, 本发明提供一种治疗糖尿病的方法, 所述方法包括给予需要 的患者有效量的上述化合物或其药学上可以接受的盐或前药酯或上述药物 组合物。
本发明所述通式 I化合物具有 SGLT2酶的抑制作用,可作为有效成分用 于制备治疗糖尿病的药物。 本发明所述通式 I化合物的活性是通过体内降糖 模型验证的。
本发明的通式 I化合物在相当宽的剂量范围内是有效的。 例如每天服用 的剂量约在 l mg- 1000 mg/人范围内, 分为一次或数次给药。 实际服用本发 明通式 I化合物的剂量可由医生根据有关的情况来决定。 这些情况包括: 被 治疗者的身体状态、 给药途径、 年龄、 体重、 对药物的个体反应, 症状的严 重程度等。 实施发明的最佳方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。 需要说明的是, 下述实施例 仅是用于说明, 而并非用于限制本发明。 本领域技术人员根据本发明的教导 所做出的各种变化均应在本申请权利要求所要求的保护范围之内。 实施例 1
1 - {4-氯 -3-[ 1-(4-乙 - 1-基]苯基 }-1-脱氧 -β-D-吡喃葡萄糖
Figure imgf000009_0001
A. (5-溴 -2-氯苯基 )(4-乙氧基苯基)曱酮
一只 100 mL的干燥圓底烧瓶中加入 4.71 g (20 mmol) 5-溴 -2-氯苯曱酸、 20 mL干燥的二氯曱烷、 3.81 g (30 mmol) 重蒸的草酰氯和一滴 DMF , 所得 白色混浊混合物在室温下搅拌过夜, 直到体系不再有气体冒出且变为一澄清 的溶液。在旋转蒸发仪上蒸出过量的草酰氯和溶剂, 所得残余物用 15 mL干 燥的二氯曱烷溶解, 再加入 2.44 g (20 mmol)苯乙醚, 冰水浴冷却下搅拌, 分 批加入 4.00 g (30 mmol)无水三氯化铝。加完后,所得混合物在室温下搅拌过 夜。
反应混合物小心倾倒到 200 mL冰水中,搅拌,用 50 mL x 3的二氯曱烷 萃取。 合并萃取相, 用饱和食盐水洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥。 抽滤除去干燥剂 后, 滤液在旋转蒸发仪上蒸去溶剂, 得到一残余物, 柱层析纯化, 得到 (5- 溴 -2-氯苯基 )(4-乙氧基苯基)曱酮。无色晶体,熔点 69-70。C , ESI-MS, m/z = 339 ([M+H]+), 341 ([M+H]+)。 B. l -(5-溴 -2-氯苯基 )-l -(4-乙氧基苯基)乙醇
一只干燥的 100 mL 的圓底烧瓶中加入 5.88 g (17.3 mmol) 上述制备的 (5-溴 -2-氯苯基 )(4-乙氧基苯基)曱酮和 60 mL干燥的 THF , 用氮气吹扫后用 橡胶软塞密封。 烧瓶置于 -10。C的冰盐浴中冷却, 电磁搅拌, 用注射器往烧 瓶中逐滴加入 8 mL (24 mmol) 3 M的曱基氯化镁的 THF溶液。 滴加完毕后, 所得混合物在该温度下继续搅拌半小时。
反应混合物小心倾倒到 300 mL冰水中, 加入 200 mL二氯曱烷, 搅拌, 所得两相混合物经过一层硅藻土抽滤。从滤液中分出有机相,水相再用 50 mL 二氯曱烷萃取一次。 合并有机相, 饱和食盐水洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥。 抽滤 除去干燥剂后,滤液在旋转蒸发仪上蒸去溶剂,得到一残余物,柱层析纯化, 得到 1-(5-溴 -2-氯苯基 )小(4-乙氧基苯基)乙醇。 无色油状物, NMR
(DMSO-d6, 400 MHz), δ 8.14 (d, 1Η, / = 2.4 Hz), 7.47 (dd, 1H, J = 2.4 Hz和 8.4 Hz), 7.23 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.12 (d, 2H, / = 8.8 Hz), 6.80 (d, 2H, / = 8.8 Hz), 5.80 (s, 1H), 3.97 (q, 2H, / = 6.9 Hz), 1.88 (s, 3H), 1.29 (t, 3H, J = 7.0 Hz)。
C. l -(5-溴 -2-氯苯基 )-l -(4-乙氧基苯基)乙烯
一只 100 mL的圓底烧瓶中加入 5.33 g (15 mmol) 上述制备的 1-(5-澳 -2- 氯苯基 )- 1 -(4-乙氧基苯基)乙醇和 15 mL二氯曱烷, 所得混合物在室温下搅 拌, 而后加入 0.96 g (10 mmol) 曱磺酸。 所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。
反应混合物倾倒到 200 mL饱和食盐水中,用 50 mL X 3的二氯曱烷萃取。 合并萃取相, 饱和食盐水洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥。 抽滤除去干燥剂后, 滤液 在旋转蒸发仪上蒸去溶剂, 得到一残余物, 柱层析纯化, 得到 1-(5-溴 -2-氯 苯基) -1-(4-乙氧基苯基)乙烯。 ESI-MS, m/z = 337 ([M+H]+), 339 ([M+H]+)。
D. l-(5-溴 -2-氯苯基 )- l-(4-乙氧基苯基)环丙烷
一只 250 mL的干燥的圓底烧瓶中加入干燥的磁子、 10 mL干燥的 THF 和 5 mL干燥的 DME , 用氮气吹扫后, 用橡胶软塞封口后在 -20。C的冷浴中 冷却, 开动电磁搅拌。 用注射器往其中加入 24 mL (24 mmol) 1.0 M 的 Et2Zn 的正己烷溶液,而后用注射器往烧瓶中逐滴加入 12.86 g (48 mmol) 二碘曱烷 溶于 10 mL干燥的 THF制成的溶液。 滴加完毕后, 继续搅拌 2小时, 而后 通过注射器慢慢滴加 4.05 g (12 mmol) 上述制备的 1-(5-溴 -2-氯苯基 )-1-(4-乙 氧基苯基)乙烯溶于 5 mL干燥的 THF制成的溶液。 滴加完毕后所得混合物 在室温下搅拌过夜, 而后再在氮气气氛下回流 1小时。
反应混合物冷却后,小心倾倒到 300 mL冰水中,加入 200 mL二氯曱烷, 搅拌, 所得两相混合物经过一层硅藻土抽滤。 从滤液中分出有机相, 水相再 用 50 mL二氯曱烷萃取一次。 合并有机相, 饱和食盐水洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干 燥。 抽滤除去干燥剂后, 滤液在旋转蒸发仪上蒸去溶剂, 得到一残余物, 柱 层析纯化, 得到 1-(5-溴 -2-氯苯基 )- 1-(4-乙氧基苯基)环丙烷。 ESI-MS, m々 = 351 ([M+H]+), 353 ([M+H]+)。
E. 2,3,4,6-四 -(9-三曱基硅基葡萄糖酸内酯
一只 250 mL的圓底烧瓶中加入 1.78 g (10 mmol)葡萄糖酸内酯、 8.09 g
(80 mmol) N-曱基吗啉和干燥四氢呋喃 20 mL , 体系在冰水浴冷却下电磁搅 拌, 慢慢滴加 6.52 g (60 mmol)的三曱基氯硅烷溶解到 10 mL干燥 THF中得 到的溶液。 滴加完毕后, 体系在室温下搅拌过夜, 用 100 mL曱苯稀释, 冰 水冷却下往其中慢慢滴加 10 mL水, 而后把所得混合物转移到分液漏斗中, 依次用 100 mL饱和騎酸二氢钠溶液和饱和食盐水洗涤, 无水直酸钠干燥, 在旋转蒸发仪上蒸干, 得到一无色油状物, 为 2,3,4,6-四 -6>-三曱基硅基葡萄 糖酸内酯, 在真空油泵上室温下干燥两小时, 备用。 无色油状物, 4.68 g。
F. 1- {4-氯 -3-[1 -(4-乙氧基苯基)环丙烷 - 1-基]苯基 }- 1-脱氧 -β-D-吡喃葡萄 糖
一只 100 mL的圓底烧瓶中加入上述制备的 2.99 g (8.5 mmol) 1-(5-溴-2- 氯苯基 )- 1-(4-乙氧基苯基)环丙烷, 10 mL干燥的四氢呋喃和一个磁子, 而后 以薄橡胶塞封口, 置于丙酮 -干冰体系中冷却到 -78。C。 搅拌下, 用注射器往 此反应容器中慢慢加入 5.6 mL (9 mmol; 1.6 M) «-BuLi的正己烷溶液, 加完 后体系在 -78。C下再搅拌一小时, 而后用注射器再往该反应容器中慢慢加入 上述制备的 2,3,4,6-四 -6>-三曱基硅基葡萄糖酸内酯溶解到 10 mL干燥曱苯中 形成的溶液。加完后,体系再搅拌一'』、时,而后用注射器加入 1.92 g (20 mmol) 的曱磺酸溶解到 10 mL无水曱醇中形成的溶液, 而后体系慢慢升温到室温, 室温下搅拌过夜。 反应混合物倾倒到饱和食盐水中, 用 100 mL二氯曱烷分 两次萃取, 合并萃取液体用饱和食盐水洗涤一次, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 在旋转 蒸发仪上蒸干,得到一无色油状物, 即为 1- {4-氯 -3-[ 1-(4-乙氧基苯基)环丙烷 -1-基]苯基 }-a/p-D-曱基吡喃葡萄糖苷,油状物, ESI-MS , m/z = 465 ([M+H]+)。
上述得到的 1- {4-氯 -3-[ 1-(4-乙氧基苯基)环丙烷 - 1-基]苯基 }-a/p-D-曱基 吡喃葡萄糖苷油状物溶解到 3 mL干燥二氯曱烷中, 冰水浴冷却下搅拌, 先 后加入三乙基硅烷 2 mL和三氟化硼乙醚 1 mL。所得反应体系在室温下搅拌 过夜, 小心倾倒到 100 mL冰水中, 以饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调节到 pH = 8, 用 100 mL二氯曱烷分两次萃取, 合并萃取液体用饱和食盐水洗涤一次, 无水 硫酸钠干燥,在旋转蒸发仪上蒸干,得到一无色油状物,即为 1-{4-氯 -3-[1-(4- 乙氧基苯基)环丙烷- 1 -基]苯基 } - 1 -脱氧 -α/β-D-吡喃葡萄糖,油状物, ESI-MS , m/z = 435 ([M+H]+)。
上述得到的 1-{4-氯 -3-[1-(4-乙氧基苯基)环丙烷 -1-基]苯基 }-1-脱氧 -α/β-D-吡喃葡萄糖无色油状物溶解到 20 mL醋酸酐中, 加入 0.5 g无水醋酸 钠, 电磁搅拌升温回流 1小时。 冷却后, 体系倾倒到 100 mL水中, 室温下 搅拌过夜, 用 100 mL二氯曱烷分两次萃取, 合并萃取液体用饱和食盐水洗 涤一次, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 在旋转蒸发仪上蒸干, 得到类白色固体, 经过硅 胶柱层析纯化得到一无色晶体, 2,3,4,6-四 -6>-乙酰基 -1-1-{4-氯 -3-[1-(4-乙氧基 苯基)环丙烷 -1-基]苯基 }-1-脱氧 -β-D-吡喃葡萄糖, ESI-MS, m/z = 603
([M+H]+)。
上述 2,3,4,6-四 -(9-乙酰基 -1-1-{4-氯 -3-[1-(4-乙氧基苯基)环丙烷 -1-基]苯 基}-1-脱氧 -β-D-吡喃葡萄糖溶解到含有 0.11 g (2 mmol)曱醇钠的 10 mL无水 曱醇中, 室温下搅拌 5小时, 而后加入 l g干燥的强酸性阳离子交换树脂, 室温下搅拌过夜。 过滤除去树脂, 所得滤液在旋转蒸发仪上蒸干, 得到一白 色固体, 即为 1-{4-氯 -3-[1-(4-乙氧基苯基)环丙烷 -1-基]苯基 }-1-脱氧 -β-D-吡 喃葡萄糖, 白色固体, ESI-MS, m/¾ = 435 ([M+H]+)。
Figure imgf000012_0001
Figure imgf000013_0001
11 预胶化淀粉 70 mg
聚维酮 6 mg
羧曱基淀粉钠 5 mg
硬脂酸镁 2 mg
滑石粉 2 mg
将实施例 1样品、预胶化淀粉和微晶纤维素过 100目筛,充分混合均匀, 加入 10%聚维酮水溶液, 制软材, 过 20目筛, 制湿颗粒, 于 50-60。C干燥, 将羧曱基淀粉钠, 硬脂酸镁和滑石粉预先过 80目筛, 然后加入到上述的颗 粒中混合均匀, 测定中间体含量, 压片。 实施例 15 片
用量 /片
实施例 2样品 20 mg
微晶纤维素 100 mg
预胶化淀粉 60 mg
羟丙曱纤维素 5 mg
交联聚维酮 4 mg
硬脂酸镁 2 mg
滑石粉 2 mg
甜菊糖 适量
香精 适量
将实施例 2样品、 预胶化淀粉、 微晶纤维素、 交联聚维酮、 羟丙曱纤维 素过 80目筛, 充分混合均匀, 再加预先过筛的甜菊糖、 香精、 硬脂酸镁和 滑石粉, 混合均匀, 测定中间体含量, 直接压片; 或采用辊压机压饼后粉碎 制粒, 再压片, 包装。 实施例 16股囊
用量 /粒
实施例 3样品 10 mg
微晶纤维素 60 mg
预胶化淀粉 50 mg
羟丙曱纤维素 3 mg
硬脂酸镁 2 mg 滑石粉 1 mg
将实施例 3样品、预胶化淀粉和微晶纤维素过 100目筛,充分混合均匀, 加入 2%羟丙曱纤维素水溶液混合,制软材,过 20目筛,制湿颗粒,于 50-60。C 干燥, 将硬脂酸镁和滑石粉预先过筛, 然后加入到上述的颗粒中混合均匀, 测定中间体含量装胶嚢, 包装即得。 实施例 17颗粒剂
颗粒剂 100袋
实施例 8样品 30.0 g
乳糖 35.0 g
甘露醇 34.0 g
阿司巴甜 0.05 g
香精 0.05 g
5 %聚维酮 (纯水配制) 适量
制备工艺: 将实施例 8样 J ^与辅料分别过 100目筛, 然后称取处方量辅 料与实施例 8样品充分混合均勾。 再加入粘合剂 5 %聚维酮水溶液制软材, 16-18目筛制粒, 55-60°C干燥, 14目筛整粒, 测定中间体含量后。 装袋包 装。 实施例 18 口服溶液剂
100瓶
实施例 4样品
阿司巴坦 0.3g
山梨酸 0.5g
疏代疏酸钠 0.2g
纯化水 1000ml 称取实施例 4样品、 阿司巴坦、 硫代硫酸钠、 山梨酸, 用 200mL纯化水溶 解,再加纯化水 700ml,摇匀,过滤,用盐酸或氢氧化钠溶液调节 pH值为 5-7, 加纯化水至 1000ml,滤膜过滤,摇匀,分装于 10ml棕色玻璃瓶中,压盖, 60。C 灭菌, 即得。 实施例 19 小针注射剂
1000支 实施例 5样品
磷酸二氢钠 o.ig
柠檬酸 o.ig
氯化钠 9g
蒸馏水 1000 mL
在适量的容器中加入注射用水 600ml, 先加磷酸二氢钠、 柠檬酸、 氯化 钠搅拌使溶解,加入实施例 5样品加热搅拌溶解, 用 0.1mol/L的盐酸或氢氧 化钠溶液适量调节 PH为 4-7, 加入 0.15g活性炭, 搅拌吸附 30分钟, 过滤 除炭, 加剩余的注射用水补足全量, 测定中间体含量, 精滤, 以每支 lml灌 封、 灭菌, 即得小针注射液。 实施例 20输液剂
100瓶
实施例 6样品 ig
磷酸二氢钠 10g
氯化钠 225g
蒸馏水 25000 mL
在适量的容器中加入注射用水 20000ml, 加入磷酸二氢钠和氯化钠搅拌 溶解后, 再加入实施例 6样品, 微热使溶解, 用 0.1 mol/L的盐酸或氢氧化 钠溶液适量调节 PH为 4-7, 加 25g活性碳, 室温下搅拌吸附 30分钟, 过滤 除炭, 补加水至 25000ml, 精滤、 灌封每瓶 100ml, 灭菌, 即得氯化钠输液 剂。 实施例 21 注射用冻干粉针
100支
实施例 7样品 1.0 g
PEG4000 1.0 g
甘露醇 30.0 g
乳糖 20.0 g
注射用水 lOOmL
取实施例 7样品, 置于容器中, 加稳定剂 PEG4000, 加注射用水 40ml, 搅拌溶解, 加入甘露醇、 乳糖搅拌使溶解, 以 lmol/L的盐酸或 lmol/L氢氧 化钠适量调节 PH至 4.0-7.0, 补加水至 50ml。 加入 O.ig活性碳, 在 25°C下 搅拌 30分钟, 脱碳, 采用微孔滤膜过滤除菌, 滤液按每支 lml进行分装, 预冻 2小时后, 冷冻下减压干燥 15小时, 至样品温度到室温后, 再干燥 5 小时, 制得疏松块状物, 封口即得注射用冻干粉针。 实施例 22
本实施例中 ICR小鼠购自: 天津市山川红试验动物科技有限公司, SPF 级, 许可证号: SCXK (津) 2009-0001。 Dapagliflozin 药为天津药物研究院自 己合成, 其结构式如下:
Figure imgf000017_0001
Dapagliflozin
将实施例 1-13的样品和 Dapagliflozin分别用 1%羧曱基纤维素钠配制成 1 mg/mL浓度的混悬液。
健康 ICR小鼠, 雌雄各半, 体重 20-24 g, 符合一级标准。 小鼠每组 6 只, 分批进行试验, 每次与模型组、 空白组和 Dapagliflozin组同时考察 4-5 个化合物。 动物禁食 16小时后, 其中给药组按 0.4ml/20g体积灌胃分别给予 实施例 1-13样品的上述混悬液; Dapagliflozin对照组按 0.4ml/20g体积灌胃 给予 Dapagliflozin的上述混悬液; 模型组和空白组分别按 0.4ml/20g体积灌 胃给予 1%羧曱基纤维素钠溶液。 分别于给药后 0.5h腹腔注射 2 g/kg的葡萄 糖盐水溶液( Dapagliflozin于药后 1.5h注射葡萄糖, 空白组不注射葡萄糖), 于给糖后 0.5h、 lh、 2h、 3h和 4h定时取用毛细管自小鼠球后静脉丛取血, 离心分离血清, 用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定各时间点血清葡萄糖含量。 以时间为 横坐标以血糖值为纵坐标绘图, 计算曲线下面积 (AUC)。 各化合物的降血糖 活性以血糖抑制率来计算, 抑制率(%) = [AUC (模型) -AUC (化合物 I或 dapagliflozin)]/[AUC (模型) -AUC (空白)] 100%。 结果见下面的表格:
Figure imgf000017_0002
以上结果表明, 实施例 1-13的各化合物均能显著降低葡萄糖引起的小 鼠血糖耐受量。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种具有下列通式 I结构的化合物或其药学上可以接受的盐或前药 酯:
Figure imgf000019_0001
其中,
R1选自 -H、 -F、 -Cl、 -Br、 -1、 -OR3, -SR4、 -OCF3、 -CF3、 -CHF2、 -CH2F、 d-C3的直链或支链烷基和含 3-5个碳原子的环烷基, 其中 R3和 R4独立选 自 CrC3的直链或支链烷基;
R2选自 d-C3的直链或支链烷基、 环丙基和 -OR5, 其中 R5选自 d-C3 的直链或支链烷基和环丙基。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的具有通式 I结构的化合物或其药学上可以接受 的盐或前药酯, 其中,
R1选自 -H、 -F、 -Cl、 -OR3, -OCF3、 -CF3、 -CH3和环丙基, 其中 R3选 自 CrC3的直链或支链烷基;
R2选自 CrC3的直链或支链烷基和 OR5, 其中 R5选自 CrC3的直链或支 链烷基。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的具有通式 I结构的化合物或其药学上可以接受 的盐或前药酯, 其中所述化合物具有下列结构:
Figure imgf000019_0002
Figure imgf000020_0001
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的具有通式 I结构的化合物或其药学上可以接受 的盐或前药酯,其中所述化合物的药学上可接受的前药酯包括分子中的任意 一个或多个羟基与乙酰基、 特戊酰基、 磷酰基、 氨基曱酰基或烷氧曱酰基形 成的酯。
5. 一种制备权利要求 1-4中任一项所述的具有通式 I结构化合物或其药 学上可以接受的盐或前药酯的方法, 其中所述具有通式 I结构的化合物的合 成路线如下:
Figure imgf000021_0001
6. 一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有权利要求 1-4中任一项所述的 具有通式 I结构的化合物或其药学上可以接受的盐或前药酯, 和一种或多种 药学或食品学上可接受的辅料。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的药物组合物,其中,所述药物组合物为固体口 服制剂、 液体口服制剂或注射剂; 优选地, 所述药物组合物为片剂、颗粒剂、 胶嚢剂、 口服溶液剂、 小针注射剂、 大输液或冻干粉针剂。
8. 权利要求 1-4中任一项所述的具有通式 I结构的化合物或其药学上可 以接受的盐或前药酯或权利要求 6或 7所述的药物组合物在制备治疗糖尿病 的药物中的应用。
9. 一种治疗糖尿病的方法,所述方法包括给予需要的患者有效量的权利 要求 1—4中任一项所述的具有通式 I结构的化合物或其药学上可以接受的盐 或前药酯或权利要求 6或 7所述的药物组合物。
PCT/CN2012/072053 2011-03-09 2012-03-07 含环丙烷结构的c-葡萄糖苷衍生物及其制备方法、药物组合物和用途 WO2012119550A1 (zh)

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