WO2012117072A2 - Verstärkermodul - Google Patents
Verstärkermodul Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012117072A2 WO2012117072A2 PCT/EP2012/053560 EP2012053560W WO2012117072A2 WO 2012117072 A2 WO2012117072 A2 WO 2012117072A2 EP 2012053560 W EP2012053560 W EP 2012053560W WO 2012117072 A2 WO2012117072 A2 WO 2012117072A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- amplifier
- hybrid
- module according
- amplifier module
- port
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/60—Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
- H03F1/0211—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the supply voltage or current
- H03F1/0216—Continuous control
- H03F1/0222—Continuous control by using a signal derived from the input signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/24—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/60—Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators
- H03F3/602—Combinations of several amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B1/0483—Transmitters with multiple parallel paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
- H04B1/50—Circuits using different frequencies for the two directions of communication
- H04B1/52—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/192—A hybrid coupler being used at the input of an amplifier circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/198—A hybrid coupler being used as coupling circuit between stages of an amplifier circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/204—A hybrid coupler being used at the output of an amplifier circuit
Definitions
- the invention relates to an amplifier module with a
- Antenna port a send port, a receive port and
- At least one amplifier At least one amplifier.
- FIG. 1 shows an amplifier module known in the prior art. This features two amplifiers, two 90 ° hybrids HYB1, HYB2 and a duplexer DPX1. Furthermore, the amplifier module has an antenna port ANT, a transmission port TX and a reception port RX.
- the transmit port TX is immediacy ⁇ bar connected to one of the 90 ° hybrid HYB1.
- the 90 ° hybrid HYB1 divides a signal applied to the transmit port TX, into two output signals, which each have a relative Phasenver ⁇ shift of 90 °.
- the two output signals of the first 90 ° hybrid HYB1 are each output in an output path API, AP2, wherein in each of the two output paths API, AP2 each an amplifier PA1, PA2 is arranged.
- the signal in the first output ⁇ signal path API is compared to the signal in the second output ⁇ signal path AP2 phase-shifted by 90 °.
- the two amplifiers PA1, PA2 amplify the respective signal.
- Amplifier PA1, PA2 is connected to a port 1, 2 of the second 90 ° hybrid HYB2.
- this second 90 ° hybrid HYB2 the two output signals are added, with the output signal in the first output path API undergoes relative to the output signal in the second output path AP2 a Phasenver ⁇ shift of -90 °. Accordingly, both outputs are now in phase and interfere constructively with each other.
- Port 3 of the second 90 ° hybrid HYB2 is connected to an input of duplexer DPX1. The other two
- Inputs of the duplexer DPX1 are connected to the antenna port ANT and the reception port RX, respectively.
- the output signal of the transmission port TX is first divided into two branches, with a 90 ° between the two branches
- Phase shift is present. Subsequently, the signal is amplified in each branch and the amplified signals are now added in such a way that the phase shift is canceled again and the two signals overlap constructively.
- this circuit Compared to a circuit without a 90 ° hybrid, this circuit has the advantage that the overall amplification is more robust in its behavior. Dividing the signal into two sub-signals provides a signal that is less distorted after amplification than would be the case for a 90-degree hybrid circuit.
- An amplifier module which has at least one amplifier, an antenna port, a transmission port, a reception port and a circuit arrangement, wherein the circuit arrangement has at least three 90 ° hybrids, each of which divides an input signal into two output signals, the two output signals having a relative phase offset ⁇ have shift of 90 ° to each other, and further wherein the antenna, the transmitting and the receiving port are each connected to at least one 90 ° hybrids. At least one of the amplifiers is connected in series between the transmit port and one of the 90 ° hybrids.
- the module according to the invention can greatly reduce the effects of a mismatch on an antenna. Accordingly, the reception sensitivity in a reception path can be significantly increased. Furthermore, the circuit arrangement according to the invention improves the isolation between a transmitting and a receiving port.
- the circuitry further includes at least two duplexers.
- the duplexers can be connected in such a way that the two output signals which the 90 ° hybrid, which is connected to the transmission port, constructively interfere at the antenna port. Accordingly, a transmission signal is first into two signal paths ⁇ shares. Accordingly, only half the signal strength is applied to each of the two duplexers compared to a circuit with only one duplexer, as shown in FIG.
- duplexers can be used which have a 3 dB reduced varnish ⁇ compatibility. This immediately results in a reduced space requirement for the module. Furthermore, resonator cascades in the duplexers can be dispensed with, at least in part, so that both the isolation of transmitting and receiving circuits
- the three ports of each of the two duplexers are each connected to one of the three 90 ° hybrids.
- the connections can be directly connected to the respective 90 ° hybrid.
- one or more elements of the circuit arrangement can be arranged between the 90 ° hybrid and the respective duplexer connection.
- an amplifier may be arranged between a 90 ° hybrid and a duplexer.
- elements for adapting the individual stages can be contained among each other.
- one of the two duplexers is connected to the 90 ° hybrid connected to the receive port and the 90 ° hybrid connected to the transmit port such that these two 90 ° hybrids each have a relative to output signal to its phase-shifted by an angle ⁇ output signal to the duplexer.
- the other of the two duplexers may be connected to the 90 ° hybrid connected to the receive port and to the 90 ° hybrid connected to the transmit port such that these two 90 ° hybrids each have a relative to their input ⁇ output signal by the angle ⁇ 2 shifted output signal to the duplexer.
- the amount of the difference between the two angles ⁇ and ⁇ 2 can be almost 90 ° and the two duplexers can each be connected to one of the outputs of the connected to the antenna port 90 ° hybrid.
- Such interconnection guarantees that constructively interfere at the transmitting ⁇ port coupled signals at the antenna port and interfere destructively at the receive port. A certain proportion of the transmitted signals always reaches the receiving port as a parasitic signal. Due to the destrukti ⁇ ven interference of the parasitic signals, the receiver sensitivity and the isolation of transmit and receive port can be increased.
- the duplexers may be constructed of discrete elements or contain acoustic components.
- the duplexers can be acoustic components, in particular SAW duplexers
- duplexer (Surface Acoustic Wave) or BAW Duplexer (Bulk Acoustic Wave).
- a hybrid duplexer having SAW and BAW converters can also be used.
- duplexers made of discrete elements are also possible, as well as duplexers whose transmit and receive filters use different technologies, so-called hybrid duplexers.
- the duplexers may also have combinations of high passes and low passes.
- the duplexers may be designed such that they can be tuned in their frequency. Such a so-called “tunable duplexer” makes it possible to shift the passband of the duplexer within a tuning range and thus to adapt it to the respectively required transmit and receive channels.This duplexer has tunable elements.
- the module according to the invention can also be designed without the use of frequency-tunable duplexers for different frequency bands, the circuit arrangement per
- Frequency band comprises two duplexers and has means for switching between the various duplexers and frequency bands.
- the circuit arrangement for each frequency band has a separate reception port and a separate 90 ° hybrid, wherein the means for switching the transmission port selectively connect to the under Kunststoff ⁇ union frequency bands associated with duplexers.
- duplexers and / or the 90 ° hybrids can be mounted as discrete components on the module substrate or at least partially integrated in the module substrate in the form of structured metallizations. Further, may be integrated into the module substrate ⁇ components which make it possible to adjust di duplexer to different frequencies. These include, for example, switches or tunable components. Duplexers and 90 ° hybrids can be integrated in a multilayered module substrate, in particular in the form of L, C and R members.
- a 90 ° hybrid is a circuit network with four
- Terminals 101, 102, 103, 104 The operation is explained with reference to a 90 ° hybrid of discrete elements, as shown in FIG.
- the 90 ° hybrid is symmetrical built up.
- a signal is applied to terminal 101.
- the connection of the terminal 101 with the terminal 102 then becomes the main line 105.
- the main line has a
- Inductance 106 on. This inductance 106 is connected to a further inductance 107 in a secondary line 108
- the terminal 104 is connected to an impedance Z0 and terminated by this impedance.
- the impedances of the ports 102 and 103 adjusted accordingly ⁇ speaking, it is almost all at port
- the signals output at the two terminals 102 and 103 are phase shifted relative to each other.
- the relative phase shift to each other is 90 ° + ⁇ .
- ⁇ is 0 ° for an ideal 90 ° hybrid.
- ⁇ is about ⁇ 3 °.
- the 90 ° hybrid is at the connector
- a signal which is phase-shifted by the angle ⁇ with respect to the input signal while at the terminal 103, a signal is output, which is phase-shifted by the angle ⁇ 2 relative to the input signal.
- 90 °.
- the angles ⁇ and ⁇ 2 may for example assume the values 0 ° and 90 ° or the values - 45 ° and + 45 °.
- the coupling constant of the magnetic or inductive coupling can be used to set which signal component of the main line 105 is coupled and coupled into the secondary line 108.
- a 90 ° hybrid made up of discrete elements are known.
- a 90 ° for example, be constructed of microstrip conductors, such as the so-called Lange Coupler or at least microstrip conductor comprise.
- Another option is a branch-line coupler.
- the functional principle always remains unchanged. From a main line becomes a certain
- the 90 ° hybrid is essentially used for the following two functions: an input signal applied to a first terminal of a 90 ° hybrid will be represented as two output signals at two other terminals
- the output signals each have about half the signal strength of the input signal and therefore have a signal strength which is in each case about 3 dB lower than the signal strength of the input signal.
- the signal strength of the two output signals is exactly 3 dB lower.
- this value is not exactly reached due to losses.
- a 90 ° hybrid can also be used to add two signals applied to two terminals. In this case, one of the signals is phase-shifted by 90 ° before addition.
- a 90 ° hybrid has a fourth port.
- an input signal is applied to a first terminal, an output signal having a signal strength lower by about 3dB is output at the second and third terminals. Normally, no signal is output at the fourth connection. In this case, however, assumed that an impedance ⁇ adjustment between all four terminals of the 90 ° hybrid is. If the impedance of the connections is not adjusted, a non-negligible signal component is output via the fourth connection.
- the four ports are often according to their function with "Input”, “Output 1", “Output 2” and “Isolated” designated ⁇ net. Since a 90 ° hybrid is symmetrical, each of the four ports can accept any of the functions "Input”, “Output 1", “Output 2" or “Isolated”. This only depends on which port an input signal is applied.
- each of the two duplexers are each connected to a 90 ° hybrid.
- a 90 ° hybrid is arranged between transmitting, receiving ⁇ and antenna port and the two duplexers. Accordingly, lies at the two
- Duplexers each have a signal with an approximately 3dB lower signal strength compared to a circuit in which transmit, receive and antenna ports are connected directly to a duplexer. It follows that it is now possible is to use duplexers that only withstand a lower maximum power. Such duplexers often offer advantages, such as a smaller size, a simpler structure and thus a lower price or alternatively at the same price better insertion loss in the passband.
- one of the two duplexers is connected to the 90 ° hybrid at the receiving port such that this 90 ° hybrid outputs a relative to its input signal from the receiving port ⁇ a phase-shifted by the angle ⁇ output signal to the duplexer.
- This first duplexer is also connected to the 90 ° hybrid at the send port in such a way that this 90 ° hybrid outputs a output signal phase-shifted relative to its input signal from the transmit port by the angle ⁇ to the duplexer.
- a first signal path from send port to receive port is defined on which a
- the other of the two duplexer is so connected to the end connected to the reception port 90 ° hybrid that these 90 ° hybrid outputs a relatively phase shifted to its input signal from the receiving port to the angle ⁇ 2 output ⁇ signal to the duplexer.
- This other of the two duplexers is furthermore connected to the 90 ° hybrid connected to the transmit port in such a way that this 90 ° hybrid outputs a output signal phase-shifted relative to its input signal from the transmit port by the angle ⁇ 2 to the duplexer. Also in this second path between receiving port and
- both duplexers are each connected to one of the outputs of the hybrid connected to the antenna port.
- the circuit arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to improve the isolation of transmitting and receiving channel.
- duplexers In addition, EVM (Error Vector Magnitude), VSWR Tx and VSWR Rx, the stability of the suppression (remote selection) with load changes to the antenna and the amplitude ripple in the passband are improved and the group delay stabilized. Accordingly, the use of duplexers is now possible that, taken alone, do not provide adequate isolation of the two channels. These include in particular duplexers which are tuned in frequency tunable. Such a so-called tuneable duplexer makes it possible to shift the pass band of this duplexer within a tuning range (tuning range) and adapted to the respective erfor ⁇ sary transmit and receive channels. The inventive circuit arrangement can also tunable at Duplexers maximize the isolation between transmit and receive ports.
- the 90 ° hybrids may be constructed of discrete elements or microstrip conductors. 90 ° hybrid, which as
- Microstrip are configured, are also referred to as Lange- coupler.
- the amplifier module has two amplifiers, with the first amplifier in series between the 90 °
- Hybrid which is connected to the transmission port, and the first duplexer is connected and wherein the second amplifier in series between the connected to the transmitting port 90 ° hybrids and the second duplexer is connected.
- the amplifier module has only one amplifier, which is connected in series between the transmission port and one of the 90 ° hybrid. In one embodiment, one of the ports is balanced
- Connections both of which are each connected to a 90 ° hybrid. This can be both the send port and the
- ports may be provided in the amplifier circuit of the amplifier module, all of which are each connected to a hybrid. Does one of the ports have another?
- N hybrids are provided for N ports, where N is an integer greater than or equal to three.
- the circuit according to the invention can, for example, for
- the LTE frequency band XI has a
- the transmission range of the LTE frequency band VII extends from 2500 to 2570 MHz and the associated reception range from 2620 to 2690 MHz.
- Next offers the circuit in the band XIII, whose transmission band from 777 to 787 MHz and its receiving band from 746 to 756 MHz ranges use.
- the circuit is also suitable for other LTE tapes in principle.
- 90 ° hybrids or the amplifiers, to a certain impedance, eg. B. 50 ⁇ , have adapted inputs and outputs.
- At least one amplifier of the amplifier module and / or at least one 90 ° hybrid comprises a low-impedance output stage.
- power amplifiers generally have an output impedance that is less than 50 ⁇ .
- Amplifiers or their output stages may have output impedances in the range of about 2 ⁇ to 10 ⁇ .
- I / Q amplifiers may have a higher output impedance, which may still be less than 50 ⁇ .
- I / Q amplifiers may e.g. B. Output impedances with values ⁇ 20 ⁇ , z. B. 10 to 20 ⁇ have.
- an amplifier module includes an impedance transformation network for one of the amplifiers and / or one of the 90 ° hybrids.
- the amplifier module includes an I / Q amplifier with two amplifier units in parallel and two 90 ° hybrids.
- An I / Q amplifier is an amplifier that includes two amplifier units that can be connected in parallel and two 90 ° hybrids. In general, the two amplifier units are connected in parallel paths between two 90 ° hybrids.
- the amplifier units of the amplifier and the 90 ° hybrids can have input impedances and output impedances that are lower than 50 ⁇ , so that a
- the amplifier module includes a first, with a first output of a 90 ° hybrid
- Impedance transformation networks can be connected on the output side with the two duplexers of the amplifier module and transform the working impedance of the amplifier and / or the interconnected with the amplifier 90 ° hybrid to the operating frequency of the duplexer. In this solution, it is necessary to provide two different impedance transformation networks; the advantage of an improved
- the amplifier module comprises a first amplifier unit connected between a first output of a 90 ° hybrid and a first impedance transformation network and a second, between a second Output of a 90 ° hybrid and a second impedance transformation network interconnected amplifier unit.
- Impedances can be lower than 50 ⁇ . In any case, the output impedance of the amplifier units is determined by the
- Impedance transformation networks to the working impedance of the interconnected duplexer transformed.
- the amplifier module comprises a voltage modulator for an amplifier or a
- a key component of the supply voltage modulation may be a voltage modulator, which preferably has a high voltage
- Efficiency and is itself a power amplifier, which amplifies a low-pass signal as opposed to the RF amplifier.
- the output power changes with frequencies resulting from the tones derived from the transmitted acoustic signals. Therefore, the frequencies of voltage modulation are generally at audio frequencies. At low frequencies, it's easier to build efficient power amplifiers, so it's easy to get a high-efficiency voltage modulator.
- Supply voltage modulation is, for example, from the article "Enhanced Class-A / AB Mobile Terminal Power Amplifier Efficiency by Input Envelope Injection And, Seif Envelope Tracking" by Alireza Kheirkhahi, Peter M. Asbeck and
- Amplifier must muster, indicates, corrupts. Thus, the operation of the supply voltage modulation is severely limited.
- impedance matching circuits mean higher
- Antenna takes place. In this case, via impedance elements, such as. As resistors, grounded connections of the hybrid derive the reflected signals.
- the amplifier module comprises a coupler for coupling a control signal for one
- a certain percentage of the power of the RF signal is extracted from the signal path and used to determine the power level of the amplifier.
- Signal in turn itself amplified, is the amplifier or amplifier unit of the amplifier as Supply voltage provided.
- Supply voltage the supply voltage of the amplifier is power-dependent, so that the amplifier itself always operates at an optimum operating point.
- the amplifier module comprises a detector for detecting the necessary supply voltage of an amplifier or an amplifier unit.
- the detector may comprise an interconnection of diodes and / or semiconductor switches.
- the amplifier module comprises a delay element in the signal path in front of an amplifier or an amplifier voltage.
- Determining the current supply voltage requires a certain period of time At, by which the RF signal in the signal path must be delayed, so that the adjusted supply voltage ⁇ and the RF signal in the signal path, in which the
- Power amplifier is connected, synchronously applied to the amplifier.
- the amplifier module includes
- Supply voltage modulation circuit elements and a switch for disabling the supply voltage modulation circuit elements.
- Figure 1 shows a known in the art
- FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 shows the transmission characteristic and isolation of the circuit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows a section from FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 shows the reflection of the circuit according to FIG. 3.
- FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 8 shows the transmission characteristics and isolation
- FIG. 9 shows a section from FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 shows the reflection of an amplifier module according to FIG. 10
- FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of an amplifier module with two amplifier units between two 90 ° hybrids.
- Figure 12 shows a block diagram of an amplifier module having two impedance transformation networks between a 90 ° hybrid and two duplexers.
- Figure 13 shows a block diagram of an amplifier module having two amplifier units of an amplifier between a 90 ° hybrid and two
- FIG. 14 shows the temporal dependence of the amplitude of the
- Figure 15 shows a block diagram of a simple one
- FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of circuit elements of a supply voltage modulation.
- FIG. 17 shows a further embodiment of FIG
- FIG. 18 shows circuit elements of FIG.
- Figure 19 shows the block diagram of a balanced Rx port gain module.
- FIG. 3 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the amplifier module according to the invention.
- the amplifier module has a transmission port TX, an antenna port ANT and a reception port RX.
- Such a circuit arrangement can be used for example in mobile communications.
- send and receive are sent and
- Receive port TX, RX connected via different paths to the same antenna port ANT.
- Decisive characteristics of such a circuit are the selection and the isolation.
- the isolation is a measure of what proportion of a transmit signal from the transmit port TX reaches the receive port RX. Such a signal is usually undesirable.
- Receive port RX received signals have in mobile only a very small signal strength. Therefore, it is crucial that these signals are not additionally disturbed by a parasitic signal from the TX TX.
- An amplifier module should be designed such that it as independent as possible from variations in the antenna impedance.
- the amplifier module according to the invention also has two
- the transmit port TX is connected to a port 4 of a 90 ° hybrid.
- An input signal applied to this terminal 4 is output from the 90 ° hybrid HYB1 at the terminals 5 and 6, with the output signals
- Signals are mutually phase shifted by 90 ° and have a signal strength lower by about 3 dB compared to the input signal.
- a signal is output that is phase shifted by ⁇ 2 from the input signal of the 90 ° hybrid.
- the signal output at terminal 6 is phase-shifted by the angle ⁇ with respect to the input signal.
- a load impedance ⁇ for example, a load resistance of 50 ⁇ .
- the load impedance may also include other elements selected from R, L and C members. This load impedance provides for impedance matching.
- the terminals 5 and 6 of the 90 ° hybrid HYB1 are each connected to an amplifier PA1, PA2.
- the outputs of the amplifiers PA1, PA2 are in turn each connected to one of the two duplexers DPX1, DPX2.
- the receiving port RX is also connected to a 90 ° hybrid HYB2 with a port 8 of this 90 ° hybrid HYB2.
- the terminals 9 and 10 of this 90 ° hybrid are just ⁇ if each connected to one of the two duplexers DPXL, DPX2.
- the fourth port 11 of the 90 ° hybrid HYB2 is grounded through a load impedance.
- the antenna port ANT is connected to a 90 ° hybrid HYB3, namely to port 12 of the 90 ° hybrid.
- Two further connections 13, 14 of this 90 ° hybrid HYB3 are each connected to a duplexer.
- the fourth port 15 of the 90 ° hybrid HYB3 is grounded via a load impedance.
- the 90 ° hybrids HYB1, HYB2, HYB3 and the duplexers DPX1, DPX2 are connected to one another in such a way that send signals, which reach the receive port RX due to a finite isolation of the duplexer DPX1, DPX2, ideally cancel each other out. At the same time transmit signals, which reach the antenna port ANT on different signal paths, constructively interfere.
- FIG. 4 shows the transmission characteristic for a
- Amplifier module according to the first embodiment. It is considered an amplifier module, in which at the antenna
- the curve S21 describes the insertion loss of the TX filter, ie the transmission from the transmission port TX to the antenna port ANT as a function of the frequency of the signal.
- the curve S32 describes the insertion loss of the RX filter, ie the transmission from the antenna port ANT to the reception port RX as a function of the frequency of the signal.
- the curve S31 describes the isolation of the duplexer, that is, the Trans mission ⁇ the signal from the transmit port TX to the reception port RX.
- FIG. 5 shows an enlargement of a detail of the transmission characteristic shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows the curves Sn and S 33 for an amplifier module shown in FIG. Again, one of them
- the curve Sn describes the signal component, which at a
- TX port TX is reflected.
- the curve S 33 describes the signal component which is reflected at a reception port RX.
- Figure 7 shows a second embodiment of the present ⁇ the invention. Compared to the first exemplary embodiment, the two amplifiers PA1, PA2 have been removed and replaced by a single amplifier PA, which is arranged in series between the transmission port TX and the 90 ° hybrid HYB1 connected to the transmission port TX.
- FIG. 8 shows the
- FIG. 9 shows a detail of the transmission characteristic shown in FIG. 8, and FIG. 10 shows the curves S 33 and S 11 for a circuit arrangement shown in FIG. Again, it is assumed that a standing wave ratio of 3: 1 at the antenna and the phase angle is increased in steps of 20 ° from 0 ° to 360 °.
- FIGS. 4 and 8 shows that for a circuit arrangement according to the second exemplary embodiment, the isolation between the transmitting and receiving ports is improved by more than 10 dB.
- Figure 10 also shows that even with Albertan- adjustments of the antenna, the variation of the standing wave behaves ⁇ Nisses is improved. The fluctuation of the insertion loss is accordingly very small.
- FIG. 5 shows a reduction in the amplitude ripple in the respective passband, which is an important prerequisite, in particular for LTE signals.
- FIG. 11 shows a block circuit diagram (equivalent circuit diagram) of an amplifier module, wherein an I / Q amplifier is connected between the transmission port TX and the TX-soapy, 90 ° hybrids HYB connected to the two duplexers.
- the I / Q amplifier includes a TX-side hybrid HYB and an antenna-side hybrid HYB. Between the output terminals of the TX-side hybrid HYB and the input terminals of the antenna-side hybrid HYB, the two amplifier units of the amplifier PA are connected in parallel paths. These amplifier units can be low impedance inputs or
- the 90 ° hybrids HYB interconnected therewith can be adapted accordingly so that no impedance transformation network must be provided directly after the amplifier units. So can one
- Amplifier which need not be specially adapted to a 50 ⁇ output impedance, and therefore
- FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of an amplifier module in which a switch is connected between one and the TX port TX
- the impedance transformation switching mechanisms MN are interconnected in each case between one output of the 90 ° hybrid and one of the two duplexers.
- FIG. 13 shows a block diagram of an amplifier module, in which a 90 ° hybrid, two amplifier units of the amplifier PA and two impedance transformation networks MN are connected between the transmission port TX and the two duplexers.
- the 90 ° hybrid HYB is directly connected to the TX transmit port.
- One of each of the impedance transformation networks MN is connected to one of the two duplexers.
- the two amplifier units are interconnected in parallel paths between the 90 ° hybrid HYB and the impedance transformation networks MN.
- Figure 14 shows an example of the time dependence of Ampli tude ⁇ the envelope of the output signal of an amplifier and illustrated here, the supply voltage modulation VM.
- the supply voltage of the amplifier of the amplifier module between different amplitudes AI and A2 can be adjusted according to the current power to be transmitted. It is also possible for a short time to exceed the larger amplitude A2.
- the amplifier is supplied with a voltage that is selected or adapted to the RF signal to be transmitted, that the amplifier always works in an optimal working range and thus very energy efficient.
- the curve shown in Figure 14 thus represents the envelope of an RF signal to be transmitted, which determines the supply voltage of the amplifier.
- Figure 15 shows a simple embodiment of a with
- Supply voltage modulation operating amplifier module which comprises as circuit components VMC an amplifier PA, which is connected in the signal path SP, and an envelope tracker ET (English: envelope tracker).
- FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of an amplifier module which comprises delay components DC in the signal path SP.
- a driver circuit DRV is connected in the signal path SP.
- a driver circuit DRV is connected in the signal path SP.
- PA At the output of the amplifier PA is a
- Impedance transformation network MN interconnected.
- FIG. 17 shows a block diagram of an amplifier module, wherein the supply voltage modulation components VMC comprise a switch SW with which the envelope tracker ET can be coupled to or disconnected from the signal path SP. Furthermore, there is a switch SW with which the amplifier PA, which receives its supply voltage from the envelope tracker ET, can be bypassed if supply voltage modulation is to be dispensed with.
- the supply voltage modulation components VMC comprise a switch SW with which the envelope tracker ET can be coupled to or disconnected from the signal path SP. Furthermore, there is a switch SW with which the amplifier PA, which receives its supply voltage from the envelope tracker ET, can be bypassed if supply voltage modulation is to be dispensed with.
- Bridging switch SW is connected to an impedance transformation network MN whose output is connected to the TX filter of the duplexer DPX.
- All signal paths of a gain module can be balanced, i. H. earth-symmetric, or unbalanced, d. H. Earth-symmetrical, be formed.
- the TX signal path is unbalanced, while an RX output of the RX filter of the duplexer DPX is balanced
- Figure 18 shows an embodiment of the circuit elements of the supply voltage modulation VMC, wherein in the signal path SP, a coupler C is connected to a specific
- Figure 19 shows the block diagram of a balanced Rx port gain module. Compared to the comments with
- the amplifier module has two duplexers DPX1, DPX2 and four 90 ° hybrids HYB1, HYB2, HYB3, HYB4.
- the transmit port TX is connected to a first port of the 90 ° hybrid HYB4.
- An input signal applied to this port is re-output from the 90 ° Hybrid HYB4 at two other ports, with the output signals being 90 ° out of phase with each other and one about 3 dB lower
- the other hybrids can also be designed to be similar or identical, and in each case emit an input signal in the form of two out-of-phase outputs.
- the antenna-side outputs of the two duplexers DPX1, DPX2 are merged by means of another hybrid HYB1 at the antenna ANT.
- the duplexers DPX1, DPX2 each have a balanced Rx output with two connections (for a symmetrical Signal routing). One of the connections of the Rx output of the two duplexers is connected to the input of each hybrid HYB2, HYB3. There are the two signals
- an amplifier PA is arranged between the Tx Port TX and the first hybrid HYB4. Otherwise, the same principles of operation and advantages also apply here as explained with reference to the previous exemplary embodiments. It turns out that an amplifier module with a symmetrical Rx port with only one additional hybrid (compared to a
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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JP2013555879A JP2014511626A (ja) | 2011-03-03 | 2012-03-01 | 増幅器モジュール |
CN201280011436.XA CN103404025B (zh) | 2011-03-03 | 2012-03-01 | 放大器模块 |
US14/002,099 US9219297B2 (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2012-03-01 | Amplifier module with multiple 90 degree hybrids |
KR1020137025555A KR101873531B1 (ko) | 2011-03-03 | 2012-03-01 | 증폭기 모듈 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102011012927.8A DE102011012927B4 (de) | 2011-03-03 | 2011-03-03 | Verstärkermodul |
DE102011012927.8 | 2011-03-03 |
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WO2012117072A3 WO2012117072A3 (de) | 2013-01-17 |
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US (1) | US9219297B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2014511626A (de) |
KR (1) | KR101873531B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN103404025B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102011012927B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2012117072A2 (de) |
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US9571133B2 (en) | 2012-08-27 | 2017-02-14 | Epcos Ag | Duplexer |
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CN105515606B (zh) * | 2014-09-24 | 2018-07-10 | 南宁富桂精密工业有限公司 | 消减电路及收发电路 |
US9941908B2 (en) | 2014-10-20 | 2018-04-10 | Infineon Technologies Ag | System and method for a radio frequency filter |
JP6490837B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-10 | 2019-03-27 | ユー−ブロックス、アクチエンゲゼルシャフトu−blox AG | 信号分離制御装置及びハイブリッド結合部の制御方法 |
KR102324960B1 (ko) | 2015-06-25 | 2021-11-12 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | 통신 장치 및 이를 포함하는 전자 장치 |
CN109478882B (zh) | 2016-07-15 | 2022-08-23 | 株式会社村田制作所 | 多工器、高频前端电路以及通信终端 |
JP7057636B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-16 | 2022-04-20 | 株式会社村田製作所 | マルチプレクサ |
US10629978B2 (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2020-04-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Multi-path interferometric Josephson isolator based on nondegenerate three-wave mixing Josephson devices |
US10972072B2 (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2021-04-06 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Composite multiplexer |
CN108494417A (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-04 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 一种天线控制方法、天线和电子设备 |
FR3115429A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-22 | Stmicroelectronics Sa | Module pour l’émission/réception de signaux, en particulier des signaux radiofréquence, et appareil de communication correspondant |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2014511626A (ja) | 2014-05-15 |
WO2012117072A3 (de) | 2013-01-17 |
US9219297B2 (en) | 2015-12-22 |
CN103404025B (zh) | 2016-12-07 |
KR20140010964A (ko) | 2014-01-27 |
DE102011012927B4 (de) | 2020-01-02 |
CN103404025A (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
KR101873531B1 (ko) | 2018-07-02 |
US20140049337A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
DE102011012927A1 (de) | 2012-09-06 |
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