WO2012106947A1 - 含维生素d和二甲双胍的药物组合物 - Google Patents

含维生素d和二甲双胍的药物组合物 Download PDF

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WO2012106947A1
WO2012106947A1 PCT/CN2011/078514 CN2011078514W WO2012106947A1 WO 2012106947 A1 WO2012106947 A1 WO 2012106947A1 CN 2011078514 W CN2011078514 W CN 2011078514W WO 2012106947 A1 WO2012106947 A1 WO 2012106947A1
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vitamin
active ingredient
metformin
group
pharmaceutical composition
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PCT/CN2011/078514
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English (en)
French (fr)
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范富林
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广东泰禾医药科技有限公司
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Priority to GB1315721.9A priority Critical patent/GB2502232B/en
Priority to US13/980,019 priority patent/US9333210B2/en
Priority to JP2013552817A priority patent/JP5792322B2/ja
Publication of WO2012106947A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012106947A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13Amines
    • A61K31/155Amidines (), e.g. guanidine (H2N—C(=NH)—NH2), isourea (N=C(OH)—NH2), isothiourea (—N=C(SH)—NH2)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/59Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/575Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of three or more carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, ergosterol, sitosterol
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/59Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
    • A61K31/5929,10-Secoergostane derivatives, e.g. ergocalciferol, i.e. vitamin D2
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/59Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
    • A61K31/5939,10-Secocholestane derivatives, e.g. cholecalciferol, i.e. vitamin D3
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/04Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of medicine, and more particularly to a pharmaceutical composition comprising vitamin D or a derivative thereof and a biguanide, and the use of the composition for preventing and treating colorectal polyps, hyperplasia, recurrence and colorectal cancer .
  • Background technique
  • Colorectal polyps refer to bulging lesions that protrude from the mucosal surface into the intestinal lumen and may or may not be pedicled.
  • neoplastic polyps account for 70% ⁇ 80%, which is closely related to colorectal cancer.
  • colorectal polyps The treatment of colorectal polyps is to remove the polyps, and is currently removed by endoscopy. Because patients with colorectal polyps are asymptomatic or have only insignificant symptoms, clinical attention is often paid to colorectal cancer, which does not allow for even the early detection and treatment of colorectal polyps. However, colorectal polyps have a tendency to become malignant and are one of the important factors in the development of colorectal cancer. Prevention of colorectal cancer from the perspective of preventing colorectal polyps is worth exploring. Western developed countries generally perform colonoscopy screening for asymptomatic normal people over 50 years of age. The early detection and removal of colorectal polyps has proven to be the only screening method that can prolong life.
  • Colorectal cancer is a general term for colon and rectal cancer, also known as colorectal cancer or colorectal cancer.
  • Colorectal cancer refers to a malignant lesion that occurs in the mucosal epithelium of the large intestine under the influence of various carcinogenic factors such as the environment or heredity, and the mortality rate is high.
  • Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumor of the mucosal epithelium of the large intestine and is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract. Recent studies have suggested that the developmental pathway is "normal mucosa - abnormal gland foci - colorectal polyp adenoma - adenocarcinoma".
  • colorectal cancer like other malignant tumors, is not well defined and may be associated with environmental factors, genetic factors, colorectal adenomas, and chronic colorectal inflammation.
  • the treatment of colorectal cancer is the first choice for surgical removal of cancer, supplemented by radiation therapy, chemotherapy drug therapy and Chinese medicine treatment.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases such as colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising: an active ingredient (a) vitamin D;
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of metformin is metformin hydrochloride.
  • the vitamin D comprises: vitamin D2, vitamin D3, alfacalcidol, calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D), calcitriol (1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D), dihydrotachysterol (DHT) or a combination thereof.
  • the ratio of the active ingredient (a) to the active ingredient (b) (international unit U: milligram mg) is 1:100 to 50:1, preferably 1:12 to 15: 2, more preferably 1: 4 to 5: 2.
  • the weight ratio of the active ingredients (a) and (b) is usually 0. 00125-0. 125 mg of vitamin D: 100-5000 mg of metformin hydrochloride, preferably 0. 0075-0. 075 mg of vitamin D: 400- 3600 mg of metformin hydrochloride, more preferably 0. 0075- 0. 025 mg of vitamin D: 400-1200 mg of metformin hydrochloride.
  • the total content of the active ingredient (a) and the active ingredient (b) is from 1 to 99% by weight, more preferably from 5 to 90% by weight of the composition.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may further contain other pharmaceutically active ingredients, including active ingredients for treating tumors such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, or anti-tumor antibodies and the like.
  • the composition is in the form of an oral dosage form including tablets, capsules, films, granules and the like, and also includes a sustained release or non-release type.
  • the treating or preventing comprises reducing the number of abnormal fossa lesions in the large intestine.
  • a combination or mixture of active ingredient (a) vitamin D and active ingredient (b) metformin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is used to prepare drugs for the treatment and/or prevention of colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer.
  • a kit comprising:
  • the drug in the first container and the second container is a one-side preparation containing the active ingredient (a) and a one-side preparation containing the active ingredient (b).
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form is an oral dosage form.
  • a method of treating and/or preventing colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer comprising the steps of: administering to a mammalian subject in need thereof an active ingredient (a) vitamin D and an active ingredient ( b) metformin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the active ingredient (a) and the active ingredient (b).
  • the administering comprises simultaneous administration or sequential administration.
  • the sequential administration described therein comprises taking the active ingredients (a) and (b) successively, or administering the active ingredients successively, at intervals of 24 hours, preferably 12 hours apart, more preferably at intervals of 6 hours. b) and (a).
  • the mammal comprises a human.
  • Figure 1 shows the normal glandular fossa.
  • Figure 5 shows the abnormal acinar foci ACF (AC 4).
  • Figure 6 shows mucosal hyperplasia
  • Figure 7 shows the mucosa of the large intestine (normal).
  • Figure 8 shows the mucosa of the large intestine (tumor).
  • Figure 9 shows the total number of ACFs in each experimental group.
  • groups #1 to #11 are blank control group, model control group, vitamin D3 low dose group, vitamin D3 medium dose group, vitamin D3 high dose group, metformin low dose group, metformin middle dose group, metformin high.
  • Dosage group, combination group A, combination group 8, and combination group C see Table 3). detailed description
  • Vitamin D and its derivatives are synergistically effective. Prevention and inhibition of colorectal polyps, hyperplasia, recurrence and colorectal cancer. On the basis of this, the present invention has been completed.
  • one of the core active ingredients is vitamin D and its derivatives.
  • Vitamin D and its derivatives (Vitamin D and Analogs) - a vitamin-based drug used primarily for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency, but also for hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, rickets, osteomalacia and Prevention and treatment of infantile hand, foot and ankle. Large doses are also used for skin tuberculosis, skin and mucous membranes, and other types of lupus erythematosus.
  • Vitamin D is a steroid derivative with cholecalciferol biological activity, mainly including vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Vitamin D is a derivative of different vitamin D that has been produced by ultraviolet radiation.
  • vitamin D includes not only vitamin D but also prodrugs or derivatives of vitamin D, such as: Alfacalc idol, calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D) , calcitriol ( ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), dihydrotachysterol (DHT) and other homologous substances with the same clinical and medical effects. These derivatives may convert vitamin D or an analog thereof in vivo and have the same or similar biological activity as vitamin D2 or D3.
  • the vitamin D content is usually from 0.0075 to 0.075 mg (or 300 to 3000 international units) per tablet (per dose), preferably from 0.0075 to 0.025 mg. (or 300-1000 IU units) per tablet (per dose).
  • Metformin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is usually from 0.0075 to 0.075 mg (or 300 to 3000 international units) per tablet (per dose), preferably from 0.0075 to 0.025 mg. (or 300-1000 IU units) per tablet (per dose).
  • the other core active ingredient is metformin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Metformin Hydrochloride is a biguanide oral hypoglycemic agent that has been used for many years in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes.
  • the content of metformin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is usually from 0.3 to 3.0 g per tablet (per dose), preferably from 1 to 1.5 g per Tablets (per dose).
  • the ratio (U: mg) of the active ingredient (a) to the active ingredient (b) is usually from 1:100 to 50:1, preferably from 1:12 to 15:2, more preferably 1 : 4 to 5: 2.
  • the content ratio (by weight) of the vitamin D and metformin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is usually 1:4.8 ⁇ 10 5 to 3:1.6 ⁇ 10 4 , more preferably 1:1.6 X 10 5 by weight.
  • the weight ratio of active ingredients (a) and (b) is usually from 0.00125 to 0.125 mg of vitamin D: 100-5000 mg of metformin hydrochloride, preferably 0.0075-0.075 mg of vitamin D: 400-3600 mg of metformin hydrochloride, more preferably The ground is 0.0075-0.025 mg of vitamin D: 400-1200 mg of metformin hydrochloride.
  • the present invention provides a combination pharmaceutical composition
  • a combination pharmaceutical composition comprising the active ingredient (a) vitamin D; the active ingredient (b) metformin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the dosage form and preparation method of the compound pharmaceutical composition of the present invention are not particularly limited, and various dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, granules, sustained release agents, and injections can be prepared by a method conventionally used in the art.
  • a preferred dosage form is an oral preparation.
  • the invention also provides a kit for preventing or treating colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer, the kit comprising (i) a first container, and the active ingredient (a) vitamin D or contained in the first container a drug of the active ingredient (a); (ii) a second container, and the active ingredient (b) metformin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the active ingredient (b) contained in the second container;
  • the drug is a one-side preparation containing the active ingredient (a) and a single preparation containing the active ingredient (b).
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form is an oral dosage form such as a tablet.
  • the formulations and kits of the present invention are useful for the prevention and treatment of the onset, proliferation and recurrence of colorectal polyps, and in particular to reduce the number of abnormal follicular lesions in the large intestine.
  • formulations and kits of the invention are also suitable for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
  • the preparation of the present invention can be taken once or twice a day, or once every other day in a sustained release manner.
  • the preferred method is to take the drug once a day, as this is convenient for the patient to adhere to, thereby significantly improving the patient's medication compliance.
  • the total dose of the daily application should be less than (or a few cases equal to or slightly larger than) the daily dose of each single drug, that is, in most cases, the daily dose of vitamin D should be less than 0. 025mg (or 1000 units), metformin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is preferably less than 1200 mg per day (for a 60 kg person).
  • the effective dose of the active ingredient to be used may vary depending on the mode of administration and the severity of the disease to be treated and the like.
  • the invention also provides a method of treating and preventing colorectal polyps and/or colorectal cancer using the two active ingredients or the corresponding medicaments of the invention, which comprises administering to a mammal an effective amount of the active ingredient (a) vitamin D and activity Ingredient (b) metformin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the active ingredient (a) and the active ingredient (b).
  • the two active ingredients of the present invention may be mixed with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients, such as a solvent, a diluent, etc., and may be orally administered in the form of: Agent, pill, capsule, dispersible powder, granule or suspension (containing, for example, about 0.05-5% suspension), syrup (containing, for example, about 10-50% sugar), and bismuth (containing about 20-50% ethanol)
  • the parenteral administration is carried out in the form of a sterile injectable solution or suspension (containing about 0.05 to 5% of a suspending agent in an isotonic medium).
  • a sterile injectable solution or suspension containing about 0.05 to 5% of a suspending agent in an isotonic medium.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation may contain from
  • the two active ingredients or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be administered by conventional routes including, but not limited to, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, intradermal, oral, or topical administration.
  • Preferred routes of administration include oral administration.
  • preferred pharmaceutical compositions are solid compositions, especially tablets and solid filled or liquid filled capsules.
  • the two active ingredients or medicaments of the invention may also be combined with other cancer treating agents such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, anti-tumor antibodies and the like.
  • cancer treating agents such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, anti-tumor antibodies and the like.
  • Vitamin D and metformin are common drugs with high safety.
  • the model of Wi star rat colorectal cancer induced by dimethyl hydrazine was used as a model to study the chemopreventive effect of vitamin D 3 and metformin hydrochloride on colorectal cancer and the effect on colorectal cancer.
  • Animals and materials 1. 1 Experimental animal Wi star rats 110, male, SPF grade, weight 80 ⁇ 120g. Purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of Southern Medical University, certificate number: SCXK Guangdong 2006-0015.
  • Vitamin D 3 plus soybean oil is made into a solution containing 10 to 100 U per ml, and administered intragastrically once a day. Metformin is added with water to make a solution containing 10 to 100 mg per 1 ml, and administered by intragastric administration once a day. The above drugs were administered from day 0. The doses of the experimental groups are shown in Table 1.
  • Each group of animals was sacrificed at the 18th week after administration.
  • the body weight was recorded once a week during the experiment, and the dose was calculated based on the body weight.
  • Vitamin D 3 low dose group 10 30 30 30
  • Vitamin D 3 medium dose group 10 30 100
  • Vitamin D 3 high dose group 10 30 300
  • Metformin low dose group 10 30 40 metformin middle dose group 10 30 120 metformin high dose group 10 30 360
  • vitamin D 3 and metformin showed synergistic effect.
  • the combination of medium and low doses inhibited ACF better than vitamin D 3 or metformin.
  • the dose group is close.
  • the combination of vitamin D 3 and metformin was the best in each group of the experiment, and was significantly higher than the high dose of vitamin D 3 or metformin alone (P ⁇ 0.01).
  • the number of tumors in each drug group was reduced.
  • the vitamin D 3 group increased with the dose, and the inhibition rate of the tumor increased.
  • the number of tumors in the middle dose and high dose groups was significantly reduced (P ⁇ 0.01).
  • the number of tumors in the metformin group also decreased with increasing dose.
  • Model control group 10 10 2.8 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 8
  • Vitamin D 3 low dose group 10 10 2.3 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 5 17.
  • vitamin D 3 medium dose group 10 10 1.7 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 7 m 39.
  • vitamin D 3 high dose group 10 8 1.4 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 8 m 50.
  • metformin low dose group 10 10 2.0 ⁇ 0.7* 28.
  • metformin medium dose group 10 10 1.8 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 4 m 35.
  • metformin high dose group 10 1.6 ⁇ 0 ⁇ m 42. 9
  • Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors. In recent years, the incidence rate in China has increased rapidly, and the prognosis is poor. Chemoprevention has been paid attention to as an anti-cancer pathway for colorectal cancer.
  • Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is an animal-specific intestinal tumor inducer, especially a colon tumor.
  • the model of colorectal cancer induced by dimethylhydrazine has been widely used in the screening of drugs for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Since Bird proposed the concept of abnormal crypt disease (ACF), ACF has been recognized as a precancerous lesion of colon cancer by domestic and foreign scholars, and its number is significantly positively correlated with the incidence of tumor.
  • ACF abnormal crypt disease
  • Vitamin D and metformin are common drugs and have been used clinically for many years. They are used in the treatment of vitamin supplementation and type 2 diabetes, respectively, and are highly safe drugs.
  • the present invention investigates the preventive effects of high, medium and low doses of vitamin D and metformin on colorectal cancer.
  • the oral administration of vitamin D and metformin was studied, and it was observed whether the combination of the two drugs played a synergistic effect.
  • the results showed that DMH-treated rats had different degrees of ACF formation, and tumors were observed.
  • Both vitamin D and metformin alone can reduce the number of ACF and tumors, and the effect is obvious with dose increase.
  • Low dose of vitamin D combined with low dose of metformin, low dose of vitamin D and metformin The dose combination is better than the single dose of the two drugs, and is close to the high dose.
  • the combination of the two drugs is better than the high dose alone.
  • Vitamin D combined with metformin shows a remarkable synergistic effect and can be used as a drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
  • Example 2-6
  • Compound capsules or sugar-coated tablets are prepared according to the formulation of Table 1 using conventional methods in the pharmaceutical industry.
  • vitamin D Due to the small content of vitamin D, it is mixed with an appropriate amount of auxiliary materials such as activated cellulose, diluted to a certain weight, and then mixed with metformin hydrochloride to form a tablet or capsule.
  • auxiliary materials such as activated cellulose, diluted to a certain weight, and then mixed with metformin hydrochloride to form a tablet or capsule.
  • Each of the above-mentioned compound capsules or sugar-coated tablets may be taken once or twice a day, once every 1-2 tablets (or capsules).
  • Example 1 was repeated, except that: the replacement form vitamin D 3 with calcifediol (25-hydroxy vitamin D), Further, the number of eight animals per group. Only the number of abnormal fossa lesions (ACF) was observed in the experiment.
  • ACF abnormal fossa lesions
  • Example 1 was repeated except that the experimental animals were randomly divided into 11 groups of 8 animals each. Except for the blank control group, the other groups were injected subcutaneously with dimethyl sputum once a week for 18 weeks, which was induced into a colorectal cancer model. Vitamin D 3 plus soybean oil is made into a solution containing 10 to 100 U per 1 ml, and administered by intragastric administration once a day. Metformin is added with water to make a solution containing 10 to 100 mg per 1 ml, and administered intragastrically once a day. The above drugs were administered from day 15 (after 2 weeks). Only tumorigenesis and inhibition rates were observed in the experiments.
  • the number of tumors in each drug group was reduced.
  • the vitamin D 3 group increased with the dose, and the inhibition rate of the tumor increased.
  • the number of tumors in the middle dose and high dose groups was significantly reduced (P ⁇ 0.01).
  • the number of tumors in the metformin group also decreased with increasing dose.

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Description

含维生素 D和二甲双胍的药物组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及药物领域, 更具体地涉及含维生素 D或其衍生物与双胍类药物 的药物组合物, 以及所述组合物在预防和治疗大肠息肉发生、 增生、 复发及大 肠癌等疾病中的应用。 背景技术
大肠息肉是指自粘膜表面突向肠腔的隆起性病变, 可以带蒂或不带蒂。 在 大肠息肉中, 有些是肿瘤性息肉, 有些是非肿瘤性息肉。 其中, 肿瘤性息肉占 70%〜80%, 与大肠癌关系密切。
大肠息肉的治疗是发现息肉后即行摘除, 目前以内镜下摘除为主。 由于大 肠息肉患者多无症状或仅有不明显症状, 临床上往往重视大肠癌而无法顾及甚 至忽略了大肠息肉的早期发现和治疗。 然而, 大肠息肉具有多发恶变的倾向, 是大肠癌发生的重要因素之一。 从预防大肠息肉的角度来预防大肠癌值得探 讨。 西方发达国家普遍对 50岁以上无症状正常人进行大肠镜筛查早期发现并摘 除大肠息肉被证明为迄今为止唯一能延长生命的筛查手段。
大肠癌为结肠癌和直肠癌的总称, 亦称结肠直肠癌或结直肠癌。 大肠癌是 指大肠粘膜上皮在环境或遗传等多种致癌因素作用下发生的恶性病变预后不 良, 死亡率较高。 大肠癌是大肠粘膜上皮起源的恶性肿瘤, 是最常见的消化道 恶性肿瘤之一。 近年来的研究认为其发展途径为 "正常粘膜 -异常腺窝病灶-大 肠息肉腺瘤-腺癌" 。
在世界范围内我国属于大肠癌低发区, 但近年来大肠癌同肺癌一样已有快 速上升趋势。 大肠癌和其他恶性肿瘤一样, 病因尚未明确, 可能与环境因素、 遗传因素、 大肠腺瘤、 慢性大肠炎症等有关。 大肠癌的治疗以手术切除癌肿为 首选, 辅之以放射治疗、 化疗药物治疗及中医药治疗等。
然而, 迄今为止对于大肠息肉和大肠癌尚没有令人满意的治疗药物, 因此 本领域迫切需要开发新的能够用于治疗和 /或预防大肠息肉和大肠癌的药物。 发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种新的可有效治疗和 /或预防大肠息肉和大肠癌 的药物组合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供所述的药物组合物在治疗和 /或预防大肠息肉和 大肠癌等疾病中的应用。 在本发明的第一方面, 提供了一种药物组合物, 所述的药物组合物含有: 活性成分(a)维生素 D ;
活性成分(b)二甲双胍或其药学上可接受的盐; 以及
(c)药学上可接受的载体。
在另一优选例中, 所述的二甲双胍的药学上可接受的盐是盐酸二甲双胍。 在另一优选例中, 所述维生素 D包括: 维生素 D2、 维生素 D3、 阿法骨化醇、 骨化二醇(25-羟基维生素 D)、 骨化三醇(1 α,25-二羟基维生素 D)、 双氢速甾醇 (DHT)或其组合。
在另一优选例中, 所述的活性成分(a)和活性成分 (b)的比例(国际单位 U : 毫克 mg)为 1 : 100至 50 : 1, 较佳地为 1 : 12至 15 : 2, 更佳地为 1 : 4至 5 : 2。
按重量计, 活性成分(a)和(b)的重量比通常为 0. 00125-0. 125mg维生素 D : 100-5000mg盐酸二甲双胍, 较佳地为 0. 0075-0. 075mg维生素 D: 400-3600mg盐 酸二甲双胍, 更佳地为 0. 0075- 0. 025mg维生素 D : 400- 1200mg盐酸二甲双胍。
在另一优选例中, 所述的活性成分(a)和活性成分 (b)的总含量为组合物的 l〜99wt%, 更佳地为 5〜90wt%。
在另一优选例中,所述的药物组合物还可含有其他药物活性成分, 其中包 括治疗肿瘤的活性成分如顺铂、 紫杉醇、 或抗肿瘤的抗体等。
在另一优选例中, 所述组合物的剂型为口服剂型, 其中包括片剂、胶囊剂、 膜剂、 颗粒剂等,还包括缓释型或非缓释型剂型。
在本发明的第二方面, 提供了本发明第一方面中所述的药物组合物的用 途, 它用于制备治疗和 /或预防大肠息肉及大肠癌的药物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的治疗或预防包括减少大肠的异常腺窝病灶数目。 在本发明的第三方面, 提供了一种由活性成分(a)维生素 D和活性成分 (b) 二甲双胍或其药学上可接受的盐所构成的组合或混合物的用途, 所述的组合或 混合物被用于制备治疗和 /或预防大肠息肉及大肠癌的药物。
在本发明的第四方面, 提供了一种药盒, 所述药盒含有:
( i) 第一容器, 以及装于该第一容器中的活性成分(a)维生素 D或含有活性 成分(a)的药物;
( ϋ) 第二容器, 以及装于该第二容器中的活性成分 (b)二甲双胍或其药学 上可接受的盐或含有活性成分 (b)的药物; 以及
( i i i) 说明书, 所述说明书中记载了联合给予活性成分(a)和活性成分 (b) 从而治疗和 /或预防大肠息肉及大肠癌的说明。
在另一优选例中, 所述的第一容器和第二容器中的药物是含活性成分(a) 的单方制剂以及含活性成分 (b)的单方制剂。
在另一优选例中, 所述药物的剂型为口服剂型。
在本发明的第五方面, 提供了一种治疗和 /或预防大肠息肉及大肠癌的方 法, 所述的方法包括步骤: 给需要的哺乳动物对象施用活性成分(a)维生素 D以 及活性成分 (b)二甲双胍或其药学上可接受的盐, 或者施用含有所述活性成分 (a)和活性成分 (b)的药物组合物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的施用包括同时施用或先后施用。 其中所述的先后 施用包括在施用间隔 24小时, 较佳地施用间隔 12小时, 更佳地施用间隔 6小时的情况下, 先后服用活性成分(a)和(b), 或先后服用活性成分 (b)和(a)。
在另一优选例中, 所述的哺乳动物包括人。
应理解, 在本发明范围内中, 本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施 例)中具体描述的各技术特征可以互相组合, 从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。 限于篇幅, 在此不再一一累述。 附图说明
图 1显示了正常腺窝。
图 2显示了异常腺窝病灶 ACF (AC=1)。
图 3显示了异常腺窝病灶 ACF (AC=2)。 图 4显示了异常腺窝病灶 ACF (AC=3)。
图 5显示了异常腺窝病灶 ACF (AC 4)。
图 6显示了粘膜增生。
图 7显示了大肠粘膜(正常)。
图 8显示了大肠粘膜(发生肿瘤)。
图 9显示了各实验组中 ACF总数。 图中, 组别 #1至 #11分别是空白对照组、 模型对照组、 维生素 D3低剂量组、 维生素 D3中剂量组、 维生素 D3高剂量组、 二 甲双胍低剂量组、 二甲双胍中剂量组、 二甲双胍高剂量组、 联合用药组 A、 联 合用药组8、 联合用药组 C (见表 3)。 具体实施方式
本发明人经过广泛而深入的研究和筛选, 意外地发现, 由 (a)维生素 D或其 衍生物和 (b) 二甲双胍或其药学上可接受的盐这两种活性成分居然能够协同 地、 有效地预防和抑制大肠息肉的发生、 增生、 复发及大肠癌。 在此基础上完 成了本发明。 维生素 D及其衍生物
在本发明的组合物中, 核心的活性成分之一是维生素 D及其衍生物。
维生素 D及其衍生物 (Vitamin D and Analogs)—直以来属于维生素类药, 主 要用于维生素 D缺乏的预防与治疗, 也用于低钙血症、 低磷血症、 佝偻病、 骨 软化症及婴儿手足搐搦症等的预防与治疗。 大剂量也用于皮肤结核、 皮肤及粘 膜各型红斑狼疮等。维生素 D是具有胆骨化醇 (cholecalciferol)生物活性的类固醇 衍生物, 主要包括维生素 D2和维生素 D3。 维生素 D均为不同的维生素 D原经紫 外照射后产生的衍生物。
如本文所用, 术语 "维生素 D " , 不仅包括维生素 D, 也包括维生素 D的前 体药物或衍生物, 如: 阿法骨化醇(Alfacalc idol)、 骨化二醇(25-羟基维生素 D)、 骨化三醇(Ι α,25-二羟基维生素 D)、 双氢速甾醇(DHT)等具有相同临床和 医学作用的同族物质。 这些衍生物可体内可转换维生素 D或其类似物, 并具有 与维生素 D2或 D3相同或类似的生物活性。 在本发明的复方药物组合物(或单方药物组合物)中, 维生素 D的含量通常 为 0.0075-0.075mg(或 300-3000 国 际单位) 每片 (每剂), 较佳地为 0.0075-0.025mg (或 300- 1000国际单位单位)每片(每剂)。 二甲双胍或其药学上可接受的盐
在本发明的组合物中, 另一种核心的活性成分是二甲双胍或其药学上可接 受的盐。
一种常用的二甲双胍的药学上可接受的盐是盐酸二甲双胍。 盐酸二甲双胍 (Metformin Hydrochloride)属双胍类口服降糖药, 在 2型糖尿病的临床治疗中已 应用多年。
在本发明的复方药物组合物(或单方药物组合物)中, 二甲双胍或其药学上 可接受的盐的含量通常为 0.3-3.0g每片(每剂),较佳地为 1-1.5g每片(每剂)。
在本发明中, 活性成分(a)和活性成分(b)的比例(U:mg)通常为 1:100至 50:1, 较佳地为 1:12至 15:2, 更佳地为 1:4至 5:2。
另外, 按重量计, 所述维生素 D和二甲双胍或其药学上可接受的盐的含量 比(重量)通常为 1:4.8X105至 3:1.6X104, 更佳地为 1: 1.6 X 105至 1: 1.6 X 104。 较佳地, 活性成分(a)和 (b) 的重量比通常为 0.00125-0.125mg维生素 D:100-5000mg盐酸二甲双胍, 较佳地为 0.0075-0.075mg维生素 D: 400-3600mg盐 酸二甲双胍, 更佳地为 0.0075-0.025mg维生素 D:400- 1200mg盐酸二甲双胍。 复方药物组合物和药盒
本发明提供了含有活性成分(a)维生素 D; 活性成分 (b)二甲双胍或其药学 上可接受的盐; 以及(c)药学上可接受的载体的复方药物组合物。
本发明的复方药物组合物的剂型和制备方法没有特别限制, 可用本领域常 规通用的制法制成片剂、 胶囊、 颗粒剂、 缓释剂、 注射剂等各种剂型。 一种优 选的剂型是口服制剂。
本发明还提供了一种可用于预防或治疗大肠息肉和大肠癌的药盒, 该药盒 含有(i)第一容器, 以及装于该第一容器中的活性成分(a)维生素 D或含有活性 成分(a)的药物; ( i i) 第二容器, 以及装于该第二容器中的活性成分 (b)二甲双胍或其药学 上可接受的盐或含有活性成分 (b)的药物; 以及
( i i i) 说明书, 所述说明书中记载了联合给予活性成分(a)和活性成分 (b) 从而治疗和 /或预防大肠息肉及大肠癌的说明。
在另一优选例中, 所述的药物是含活性成分(a)的单方制剂以及含活性成 分 (b)的单方制剂。
在另一优选例中, 所述药物的剂型为口服剂型如片剂。
本发明的制剂和药盒适用于预防和治疗大肠息肉的发生、 增生和复发, 尤 其是减少大肠的异常腺窝病灶数目。
本发明的制剂和药盒还适用于预防和治疗大肠癌。
本发明制剂可以每天服用一次或两次, 或者以缓释方式隔日服用一次。 优 选的方式是每天服药一次, 因为这样便于病人坚持, 从而显著提高病人服药的 顺应性。
服用时, 极大多数病例一般每天应用的总剂量应低于(或少数病例等于或 略大于)各个单药的每天常用剂量, 即极大多数病例维生素 D每天剂量宜少于 0. 025mg (或 1000单位)、 二甲双胍或其药学上可接受的盐每天宜少于 1200mg (对 于 60kg的人而言)。 当然, 所用的活性成分的有效剂量可随给药的模式和待治疗 的疾病的严重程度等而有所变化。 治疗和预防方法
本发明还提供了用本发明的两种活性成分或相应的药物对大肠息肉和 /或 大肠癌进行治疗和预防的方法, 它包括给哺乳动物施用有效量的活性成分(a)维 生素 D以及活性成分 (b)二甲双胍或其药学上可接受的盐, 或者施用含有所述活 性成分(a)和活性成分 (b)的药物组合物。
当本发明两种活性成分被用于上述用途时, 可与一种或多种药学上可接受 的载体或赋形剂混合, 如溶剂、 稀释剂等, 而且可以用如下形式口服给药: 片 剂、 丸剂、 胶囊、 可分散的粉末、 颗粒或悬浮液 (含有如约 0. 05-5%悬浮剂)、 糖 浆(含有如约 10-50%糖)、 和酏剂(含有约 20-50%乙醇), 或者以无菌可注射溶液 或悬浮液形式(在等渗介质中含有约 0. 05-5%悬浮剂)进行非肠胃给药。 例如, 这 些药物制剂可含有与载体混合的约 0. 01-99%, 更佳地约为 0. 1%-90% (重量)的活 性成分。
本发明的两种活性成分或药物组合物可以通过常规途径进行给药, 其中包 括(但并不限于): 肌内、 腹膜内、 静脉内、 皮下、 皮内、 口服、 或局部给药。 优选的给药途径包括口服给药。
从易于给药的立场看, 优选的药物组合物是固态组合物, 尤其是片剂和固 体填充或液体填充的胶囊。
此外, 本发明的两种活性成分或药物还可与其他治疗癌症的药物(如顺铂、 紫杉醇、 抗肿瘤的抗体等)联用。 本发明的主要优点在于:
(a) 揭示了维生素 D与二甲双胍组合在预防大肠息肉的发生、增生、复发及 大肠癌方面的作用, 并且提供了将两者联合用于制备相关药物中的用途。
(b) 维生素 D与二甲双胍都是常见药物, 安全性高。
(c) 维生素与二甲双胍同时给药对大肠癌癌前病变 (ACF)及肿瘤均有协同 的抑制作用, 并且具医学上的统计意义, 可进一步降低药物的用量。 下面结合具体实施例, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说 明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方 法, 通常按照常规条件, 或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。 除非另外说明, 否则百 分比和份数按重量计算。 实施例 1
维生素 D3与二甲双胍对大肠癌的化学预防作用
1. 实验目的
以二甲基肼诱发 Wi star大鼠大肠癌为模型, 研究维生素 D3及盐酸二甲双 胍联合用药对大肠癌的化学预防作用和对大肠肿瘤的影响。
2. 动物与材料 2. 1实验动物 Wi star大鼠 110只, 雄性, SPF级, 体重 80〜120g。 购自 南方医科大学实验动物中心, 合格证号: SCXK粤 2006-0015。
2. 2 药品与试剂 二甲基肼 (1, 2- Dimethylhydraz ine dihydrochloride , DMH) , 东京仁成工业株式会社, 批号: EZC6C; 维生素 D3注射液(Vitamin D), 上海通用药业股份有限公司, 批号: 090812 ; 盐酸二甲双胍(Metformin Hydrochlori de , MF), 郑州荔诺生物科技有限公司; 大豆油, 益海嘉里食品营 销有限公司, 批号: 20091027 ; 亚甲蓝, 天津市大茂化学试剂厂。
3. 方法
3. 1分组及处理 实验动物按体重随机分为 11组, 每组 10只。 设空白对 照组、 模型对照组、 维生素 D3低、 中、 高剂量组、 二甲双胍低、 中、 高剂量组 及维生素 D3与二甲双胍不同剂量联合用药组三个。 除空白对照组外, 其余各组 每周用二甲基肼皮下注射 1 次, 连续注射 18周, 诱发为大肠癌模型。 二甲基 肼用氯化钠注射液溶解,加 5%Na0H溶液调 pH至 6. 5〜7. 0,制成每 1ml含 20mg 的溶液, 0. 22 μ πι滤过, 相配现用。
维生素 D3加大豆油制成每 lml含 10〜100U的溶液, 灌胃给药, 一日 1次。 二甲双胍加水制成每 lml含 10〜100mg的溶液, 灌胃给药, 一日 1次。 上述药 物从第 0天开始给药。 各实验组给药剂量见表 1。
各组动物于给药后第 18周末全部处死。 实验期间每周记录体重 1 次, 根 据体重计算给药量。 实验期间死亡动物解剖观察。
表 1.实验动物分组及给药剂量
DMH 维生素 D 盐酸二甲双胍 动物数
(mg/kg) (U/kg) (mg/kg) 空白对照组 10
模型对照组 10 30
维生素 D3低剂量 :组 10 30 30
维生素 D3中剂量 :组 10 30 100
维生素 D3高剂量 :组 10 30 300
二甲双胍低剂量组 10 30 40 二甲双胍中剂量组 10 30 120 二甲双胍高剂量组 10 30 360
联合用药组 A 10 30 100 40 联合用药组 B 10 30 30 120 联合用药组 C 10 30 100 120
3. 2 结果观察
3. 2. 1 每天观察记录动物精神活动、 进食、 粪便、 毛发等一般情况。
3. 2. 2 动物处死后立即分离大肠, 用生理盐水冲洗肠内容物, 肉眼观察大 肠肿瘤, 计算肿瘤数目。 将整根大肠铺平夹于两层滤纸之间, 放入 10%中性甲 醛固定 24〜48h。 将固定后的大肠组织放入 0. 2%亚甲蓝溶液中染色 10s。 立即 在光学显微镜下观察大整根大肠的异常腺窝病灶 (ACF),按病灶内异常腺窝为 1 个、 2个、 3个及大于等于 4个分别计数。
3. 2. 3 数据处理采用 Excel 2003 软件进行统计学分析, 所得数据用均值 士标准差(^ ^S^)表示。 尸< 0. 05标示两组之间的差异具有统计学意义。
4. 结果
4. 1 一般情况
实验期间各组大鼠均无一例动物死亡。 精神活动、 进食、 粪便、 毛发等其 它情况无显著差异。 第 18 周空白对照组体重增加高于注射二甲基肼的各组, 二甲双胍给药的各组体重增加较少。 各组大鼠体重情况见表 2。
各组大鼠腹膜、 肝脏、 脾脏等脏器大体观察均未见明显异常病灶。 表 2.各组动物 18周后体重变化
组别 第 0周 第 18周 体重增加 空白对照组 101.3±3. 6 377. 5 + 27. 5 272. 6% 模型对照组 99.0±5. 4 294. 3 + 22. 1 197. 4% 维生素 D3低剂量 :组 100.3±4. 1 328. 8 + 23. 6 227. 7% 维生素 D3中剂量 :组 102.9±5. 8 345. 5 + 25. 9 235. 7% 维生素 D3高剂量 :组 101.5±5. 2 330. 6±24· 6 225. 7% 二甲双胍低剂量组 102.3±6. 4 305. 7 + 33. 9 198. 9% 二甲双胍中剂量组 102.1 + 6. 6 303. 7±30· 1 197. 5% 二甲双胍高剂量组 102.7±5. 5 276. 0±12· 3 168. 7%
联合用药组 A 99.4±4· 0 276. 8 + 25. 8 178. 4% 联合用药组 B 101.6±4. 6 292. 2±14· 7 187. 6% 联合用药组 C 102.8±4. 2 295. 2±15. 5 187. 1%
4.2 异常腺窝病灶 (ACF)观察结果
实验第 18周末, 空白对照组未发现 ACF, 其它组都有 ACF出现。 与模型对 照组相比, 各用药组中含不同腺窝数的各型 ACF数均减少, ACF总数显著减少。 维生素 D3组随剂量增大,对 ACF的抑制效果增大。二甲双胍组亦见同样的趋势。
令人意外的是, 维生素 D3与二甲双胍联合用药的各组表现出协同作用, 中 剂量与低剂量合用的两组对 ACF的抑制效果均较维生素 D3或二甲双胍中剂量组 好, 且与高剂量组接近。 维生素 D3与二甲双胍中剂量合用在本实验各组中效果 最好, 且明显高于维生素 D3或二甲双胍高剂量单用(尸 <0.01)。
实验结果见图 1-8, 以及表 3和图 9。 表 3.各组动物 ACF数量变化
Figure imgf000012_0001
空白对照组 0.0±0· 0 0. 0±0· 0 0.0±0· 0 0. 0±0· 0 0. 0±0· 0 模型对照组 141.3±15.2 92. 6±10.7 17. 3±6· 4 9. 9±3· 0 21. .5±5. , 3 维生素 D3低剂量组 125.6±12.1* 80. .5±7· 6 16. 1±5· 7 9. 0±2· 3 20. .0±4. , 1 维生素 D3中剂量组 104.7±14.3** 67. 9±11· 8 15. 9±5· 7 4. 8±3· 1 16. .1±2. , 9 维生素 D3高剂量组 91.5±7· 2** 61. 8±11· 1 14. 9±5· 9 5. 0±1· 6 9. 8±2· 2 二甲双胍低剂量组 110.3±13· 0** 70. 4±10.6 16. 7±3· 6 6. 7±1· 7 16. .5±2. , 1 二甲双胍中剂量组 93.8±11· 7** 57. 0±10.7 16. 6±1· 8 5. Ail- 6 14. .8±3. , 0 二甲双胍高剂量组 89.0±12· 7** 61. .5±8· 1 13. 8±3· 4 4. Oil. 2 9. 7±3· 2 联合用药组 A 93.4±6· 9** 61. .6±5· 9 15. 3±2· 7 6. 5±0· 7 10. .0±1. , 6 联合用药组 B 90.9 ±9· 7** 59. .8±4· 7 14. 7±3· 1 6. 2±0· 8 10. .2±3. , 2 联合用药组 C 71.7±5· 0** 46. .3±3· 9 12. 1±1· 7 5. 6±0· 7 7. 7±1· 7 注: 与模型对照组比较: *尸<0.05, # # 尸<0.01
"AC"表示异常隐窝。 4.3 肿瘤发生和抑制率
实验第 18 周末, 空白对照组无一只大鼠发现肿瘤, 模型对照组大鼠全部 发生肿瘤, 平均肿瘤数 2.8个 /只。
与模型对照组相比,各用药组的肿瘤数均有减少。维生素 D3组随剂量增大, 对肿瘤的抑制率增大, 与模型对照组相比中剂量与高剂量组的肿瘤数显著减少 (尸<0.01)。 二甲双胍组肿瘤数亦随剂量增加而减少。
维生素 D3与二甲双胍联合用药的各组, 中剂量与低剂量合用的两组的肿瘤 数与高剂量单用组接近; 中剂量合用组对肿瘤的抑制率最高, 比维生素 D3或二 甲双胍高剂量单用组的肿瘤数更低(尸 <0.01)。 这提示维生素 D3与二甲双胍联 合用药存在协同效果。 表 4.大肠肿瘤发生情况
组别 动物数 发生肿瘤鼠数 平均肿瘤数目 抑制率 空白对照组 10 10 0.0±0· 0
模型对照组 10 10 2.8±0· 8
维生素 D3低剂量 :组 10 10 2.3±0· 5 17. 9 维生素 D3中剂量 :组 10 10 1.7±0· 7m 39. 3 维生素 D3高剂量 :组 10 8 1.4±0· 8m 50. 0 二甲双胍低剂量组 10 10 2.0±0.7* 28. 6 二甲双胍中剂量组 10 10 1.8±0· 4m 35. 7 二甲双胍高剂量组 10 10 1.6±0· m 42. 9
联合用药组 A 10 10 1.5±0· m 46. 4 联合用药组 B 10 10 1.6±0· m 42. 9 联合用药组 C 10 7 0.9±0· 7m 67. 9 注: 与模型对照组比较: *尸<0.05, # #P<0
5. 讨论
大肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一, 近年来在我国的发病率呈快速上升趋势, 预后不良,使化学预防作为对大肠癌的一个防癌途径受到重视。二甲基肼 (DMH) 为动物特异性肠道肿瘤诱发剂, 尤其是结肠肿瘤。 以二甲基肼诱发的大肠癌模 型, 目前已被广泛应用于防治大肠癌药物的筛选。 自从 Bird 提出异常隐窝病 灶(ACF)概念以来, ACF被国内外学者公认为结肠癌的癌前病变, 其数目与肿瘤 的发生率呈显著正相关。
维生素 D与二甲双胍都是常见药物, 临床使用多年。 分别应用于维生素补 充及 2型糖尿病的治疗, 均是安全性很高的药物。
本发明考察了高、中、低剂量的维生素 D及二甲双胍对大肠癌的预防作用。 特别地, 研究了维生素 D与二甲双胍口服合用, 观察两药联合用药是否起协同 作用。 结果显示, 经 DMH处理的大鼠均有不同程度的 ACF形成, 还能观察到肿 瘤出现。 维生素 D与二甲双胍单用均能使 ACF及肿瘤数减少, 随剂量增加效果 明显。 维生素 D中剂量与二甲双胍低剂量合用、 维生素 D低剂量与二甲双胍中 剂量合用均比两种药物中剂量单独使用的效果好, 与高剂量接近。 两药中剂量 合用效果优于高剂量单用。
维生素 D与二甲双胍联合用药, 显示出明显的协同作用, 可作为大肠癌化 学预防和治疗的候选药物。 实施例 2-6
含维生素 D与二甲双胍的复方药物组合物
使用制药工业中的常规方法按下表 1的配方制备成复方胶囊或糖衣片剂。
Figure imgf000014_0001
因维生素 D含量较小, 制备时先与适量活性纤维素等辅料混合, 稀释成一 定重量后再与盐酸二甲双胍混合制成片剂或胶囊。
上述各复方胶囊或糖衣片剂可按每天服用一次或两次, 每次 1-2片(或胶囊) 方式服用一次。 实施例 7
含维生素 D与二甲双胍的药盒
制备一药盒, 所述药盒含有
( i) 第一容器, 以及装于该第一容器中的维生素 D片剂(0. 025mg/片), 10 片;
( ϋ) 第二容器, 以及装于该第二容器中盐酸二甲双胍的片剂(1200mg/ 片), 10片; 以及 ( i i i) 说明书, 所述说明书中记载了联合给予维生素 D和盐酸二甲双胍从 而治疗和 /或预防大肠息肉及大肠癌。 实施例 8
维生素 D类似物和二甲双胍的协同作用
重复实施例 1,不同点在于:用骨化二醇(25-羟基维生素 D)替换维生素 D3, 另外, 每组动物数量为 8只。 实验中仅观察异常腺窝病灶 (ACF)的数量。
结果表明, 25-羟基维生素 D 与二甲双胍联合用药的各组 (100U/kg25_羟 基维生素 D + 40mg/kg盐酸二甲双胍; 30U/kg25-羟基维生素 D + 120mg/kg盐酸 二甲双胍; 以及 100U/kg25-羟基维生素 D+ 120mg/kg盐酸二甲双胍三组)也表 现出协同作用。 其中, 中剂量与低剂量合用的两组对 ACF的抑制效果均较 25- 羟基维生素 D 中剂量组(100U/kg25-羟基维生素 D)或二甲双胍中剂量组(+ 40mg/kg盐酸二甲双胍)好, 且与单用 25-羟基维生素 D的高剂量组接近。 实施例 9
维生素 D3与二甲双胍对大肠癌的抑制和治疗
重复实施例 1, 不同点在于: 实验动物随机分为 11组, 每组 8只。 除空白 对照组外, 其余各组每周用二甲基肼皮下注射 1 次, 连续注射 18周, 诱发为 大肠癌模型。 维生素 D3加大豆油制成每 1ml含 10〜100U的溶液, 灌胃给药, 一日 1次。 二甲双胍加水制成每 1ml含 10〜100mg的溶液, 灌胃给药, 一日 1 次。 上述药物从第 15天 (2周后) 开始给药。 在实验中仅观察肿瘤发生和抑制 率。
实验第 18 周末, 空白对照组无一只大鼠发现肿瘤, 模型对照组大鼠全部 发生肿瘤, 平均肿瘤数 3. 1个 /只。
与模型对照组相比,各用药组的肿瘤数均有减少。维生素 D3组随剂量增大, 对肿瘤的抑制率增大, 与模型对照组相比中剂量与高剂量组的肿瘤数显著减少 (尸 < 0. 01)。 二甲双胍组肿瘤数亦随剂量增加而减少。
维生素 D3与二甲双胍联合用药的各组, 中剂量与低剂量合用的两组的肿瘤 数与高剂量单用组接近; 中剂量合用组对肿瘤的抑制率最高, 比维生素 D3或二 甲双胍高剂量单用组的肿瘤数更低(尸 < 0. 01)。 这提示维生素 D3与二甲双胍联 合用药对于大肠癌的抑制和治疗具有协同效果。 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献 被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申 请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的药物组合物含有:
活性成分(a)维生素 D;
活性成分(b)二甲双胍或其药学上可接受的盐; 以及
(c) 药学上可接受的载体。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的二甲双胍的药学 上可接受的盐是盐酸二甲双胍。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述维生素 D包括: 维 生素 D2、 维生素 D3、 阿法骨化醇、 骨化二醇(25-羟基维生素 D)、 骨化三醇(1 α,25-二羟基维生素 D)、 双氢速 醇(DHT)或其组合。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的活性成分(a)和 活性成分(b)的比例(U : mg)为 1 : 100至 50 : 1,较佳地为 1: 12至 15: 2,更佳地为 1 : 4 至 5 : 2。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的活性成分(a)和 活性成分(b)的总含量为组合物的 l〜99wt%, 更佳地为 5〜90wt%。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于,所述组合物的剂型为口 服剂型。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的药物组合物的用途, 其特征在于, 用于制备治疗和 /或预防大肠息肉及大肠癌的药物。
8. 一种由活性成分(a)维生素 D和活性成分 (b)二甲双胍或其药学上可接受 的盐所构成的组合或混合物的用途, 其特征在于, 用于制备治疗和 /或预防大 肠息肉及大肠癌的药物。
9. 一种药盒, 其特征在于, 所述药盒含有:
(i) 第一容器, 以及装于该第一容器中的活性成分(a)维生素 D或含有活性 成分(a)的药物;
(ϋ) 第二容器, 以及装于该第二容器中的活性成分 (b)二甲双胍或其药学 上可接受的盐或含有活性成分 (b)的药物; 以及
(i i i) 说明书, 所述说明书中记载了联合给予活性成分(a)和活性成分 (b) 从而治疗和 /或预防大肠息肉及大肠癌的说明。
10. 一种治疗和 /或预防大肠息肉及大肠癌的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的 方法包括步骤: 给需要的哺乳动物施用活性成分(a)维生素 D以及活性成分 (b) 二甲双胍或其药学上可接受的盐, 或者施用含有所述活性成分(a)和活性成分 (b)的药物组合物。
PCT/CN2011/078514 2011-02-11 2011-08-17 含维生素d和二甲双胍的药物组合物 WO2012106947A1 (zh)

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