WO2012105756A1 - 니켈-m-알루미나 제어로젤 촉매, 이의 제조방법 및 상기 촉매를 사용한 메탄 제조방법 - Google Patents
니켈-m-알루미나 제어로젤 촉매, 이의 제조방법 및 상기 촉매를 사용한 메탄 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- C07C2523/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C07C2523/88—Molybdenum
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nickel-M-alumina controlled gel catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a method for producing methane using the catalyst.
- Natural gas in fossil fuels like petroleum, is a gaseous hydrocarbon produced naturally underground. Natural gas is methane (CH 4 ) as the main component and has a clean, stable, and convenient fuel to prevent environmental pollution, and has been spotlighted as an alternative energy of solid fuels such as petroleum and coal.
- natural gas is used throughout the home, commerce, transportation, and industrial sectors, and forms the basis of the global energy industry along with oil and coal as an energy source that supplies about a quarter of the world's energy consumption.
- supply and price are unstable due to the limitation of natural gas reserves and interoperability with oil prices.
- synthetic natural gas has emerged as an important point, especially in countries with low natural gas reserves.
- Synthetic Natural Gas means artificially produced natural gas called “Synthetic Natural Gas” or “Substitute Natural Gas”.
- Synthetic Natural Gas means artificially produced natural gas called "Synthetic Natural Gas” or “Substitute Natural Gas”.
- methane which is a major component of natural gas, from coal, biomass or petroleum coke.
- the method of producing synthetic natural gas from coal is expected to be a major energy source in the future in terms of stabilizing high prices of existing natural gas based on abundant reserves and diversifying fuels.
- a method of obtaining a synthetic natural gas from coal a method of obtaining a synthetic natural gas obtained by coal gasification through a methane synthesis reaction using a catalyst (gasification method), or a method of obtaining a synthetic natural gas by directly reacting coal with hydrogen (hydrogen) Addition gasification method) and a method (catalytic gasification method) in which coal is reacted with steam at a low temperature using a catalyst to obtain a synthetic natural gas.
- the catalyst invented in the present invention is a catalyst used for synthesizing syngas obtained from coal by methane by gasification.
- Various metal catalysts such as Ni, Re, Ru, Rh, Pt, Fe, and Co have been studied for the methanation of syngas [M.V. Vannice, J. Catal., 37, 449 (1975)].
- Ru and Co catalysts have been reported to exhibit high activity, but have a disadvantage of very low price competitiveness.
- Ni is widely used commercially due to the price competitiveness and high reactivity, but the reaction activity is inferior to Ru and Co, and as the reaction proceeds, there is a problem of being deactivated by deposition of carbon species and particle sintering reaction.
- the catalyst according to an embodiment of the present invention is a nickel-M-alumina hybrid controlled gel (xerogel) catalyst, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mo, Cs, Y and Mg It may be one or more kinds.
- M is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mo, Cs, Y and Mg It may be one or more kinds.
- the method for preparing a nickel-M-alumina hybrid controlled gel catalyst according to the present invention includes forming an aluminum precursor sol; Mixing the prepared aluminum precursor sol, nickel precursor and M precursor to form a nickel-M-alumina sol; Mixing the nickel-M-alumina sol and water to form a nickel-M-alumina gel; And aging, drying, and calcining the nickel-M-alumina gel.
- the method for producing methane using the catalyst may include passing a carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen through a nickel-M-alumina control gel catalyst to perform a hydrogenation reaction.
- the catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention has a strong resistance to high temperature sintering reaction and carbon species deposition, and can effectively increase the conversion of carbon monoxide and selectivity to methane.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a continuous flow reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction analysis after reduction of the nickel-M-alumina control gel catalyst prepared in Preparation Examples 1 and 2;
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing carbon monoxide conversion, methane selectivity, and methane yield during hydrogenation of carbon monoxide using the nickel-M-alumina controlled gel catalysts prepared in Preparation Examples 1 and 2; FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the correlation between the elevated temperature reaction results and the methane yield of the nickel-M-alumina controlled gel catalysts prepared in Preparation Examples 1 and 2.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the correlation between the elevated temperature reaction results and the methane yield of the nickel-M-alumina controlled gel catalysts prepared in Preparation Examples 1 and 2.
- the present invention is a nickel-M-alumina hybrid controlled gel (xerogel) catalyst, wherein M is at least one catalyst for producing methane selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mo, Cs, Y and Mg It is about.
- M is at least one catalyst for producing methane selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mo, Cs, Y and Mg It is about.
- the nickel-M-alumina catalyst may be usefully used to prepare methane by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.
- the methanation reaction or hydrogenation of carbon monoxide means a process of preparing methane by reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
- the catalyst 15 to 40 parts by weight of nickel with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total catalyst;
- the average diameter of the pores formed in the catalyst of the present invention may be 1 to 5nm, specifically 2 to 4nm range.
- the mesoporous nickel-M-alumina catalyst can suppress the formation of carbon species having a favorable size for carbon deposition on the catalyst surface due to well-developed mesopores and highly dispersed metal particles through a single process sol-gel method. have. In addition, it has excellent resistance to carbon deposition and has a characteristic that catalyst deactivation due to sintering of metal particles hardly appears even during a long time operation. In particular, due to the interaction between nickel and M metal through the addition of M metal has new properties in addition to the properties of the nickel-alumina catalyst.
- M may be at least one of Fe, Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mo, Cs, Y and Mg.
- M may be at least one of Fe, Co, Ni, Ce, and La, at least one of Co, Ni, Ce, and La, at least one of Co, Ce, and La, or Fe.
- the catalyst according to the invention may have a specific surface area in the range of 100 to 350 m 2 / g, or in the range of 120 to 300 m 2 / g. Within this range it is possible to increase the selectivity for methane and to reduce the carbon deposits formed on the surface.
- nickel-M-alumina refers to a state in which nickel, M metal, and alumina are mixed.
- nickel-M-alumina has a structure in which nickel and M metal are evenly dispersed in spinel-type alumina having high crystallinity.
- the control gel xerogel
- the control gel is also referred to as a zero gel, xerogel or dry gel, and refers to a porous tissue in which the solvent is removed and air is filled from the gap of the network of the gel.
- the nickel-M-alumina controlled gelling catalyst according to the present invention When the nickel-M-alumina controlled gelling catalyst according to the present invention is hydrogenated, the conversion rate of carbon monoxide is in the range of 80 to 100%, the selectivity of methane in the hydrocarbon is in the range of 60 to 90%, and the selectivity of carbon dioxide is 5 to 10. Can range from%. Through this, it can be seen that the nickel-M-alumina controlled gel catalyst according to the present invention is a catalyst suitable for the production of methane through hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.
- the present invention also provides a method for preparing the nickel-M-alumina controlled gel catalyst described above.
- the manufacturing method In one embodiment, the manufacturing method,
- M may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mo, Cs, Y and Mg.
- Step (i) is a step of forming an aluminum precursor sol. Specifically, step (i) comprises the steps of dissolving the aluminum precursor in an alcohol solvent heated at a temperature in the range of 50 to 80 °C; And mixing the solution of the aluminum precursor with a small amount of water and acid diluted with an alcohol solvent to partially hydrate to obtain a transparent sol.
- the alcohol solvent may be used regardless of the kind, but ethanol is preferable, and the alumina precursor is preferably added and stirred to dissolve under an alcohol solvent heated to 50 to 80 ° C.
- the amount of the aluminum precursor added to the alcohol solvent may be mixed in a ratio of 10 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of alcohol.
- the temperature of the alcohol solvent needs to be maintained at 50 ° C. to 80 ° C., because it is not easy to synthesize the sol at 50 ° C. or lower, and the alcohol solvent evaporates at 80 ° C. or higher.
- an aluminum precursor in the ratio of 10-30 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of alcohol. If the content of the aluminum precursor is less than 10 parts by weight, the amount of alcohol is relatively high, it takes a long time to form a gel and difficult to form a complete gel. On the contrary, when the content of the aluminum precursor is more than 30 parts by weight, the amount of aluminum is relatively increased so that the amount of alcohol present between the aluminum is reduced during gel formation, so that smooth pore formation may not be achieved.
- the kind of aluminum precursor is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum phosphate hydrate, and aluminum chloride hexahydrate.
- Step (ii) is a step of forming a nickel-M-alumina sol by mixing the prepared aluminum precursor sol, nickel precursor and M precursor.
- Step (ii) comprises the steps of cooling the prepared aluminum precursor sol to 40 to 60 °C; And mixing the cooled aluminum precursor sol with the nickel precursor and the M precursor to form a nickel-M-alumina sol.
- the content of the nickel precursor may be 1 to 50 parts by weight, specifically 15 to 40 parts by weight.
- the content of the M precursor may be 1 to 20 parts by weight, specifically 5 to 15 parts by weight.
- the content range shows the content of 100 parts by weight of the total catalyst based on the catalyst metal component.
- the nickel precursor and the M precursor may be precursors in the form of metal acetate hydrate or metal chloride hydrate.
- the kind of M may be at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mo, Cs, Y and Mg.
- Step (iii) is a step of mixing a nickel-M-alumina sol, water and an alcohol solvent to form a nickel-M-alumina gel. Specifically, after the nickel-M-alumina sol is cooled to room temperature, a small amount of water diluted in an alcohol solvent is added to form a nickel-M-alumina gel.
- the time that the nickel-M-alumina sol is converted to the nickel-M-alumina gel in step (iii) is affected by the nickel precursor and the M metal precursor for several hours to several tens of hours.
- the metals added are combined with the branches of the aluminum precursor to form a gel.
- M metals occupy different positions on the periodic table, so the atomic size and electrical state are different. This affects the rate of condensation reaction that causes the nickel-M-alumina sol to form a gel, and the formation time of the gel varies from several hours to several tens hours depending on the M metal added.
- the mixing ratio of the alcohol solvent and water for forming a gel is not specifically limited, For example, 15-100 weight part of water can be mixed with respect to 100 weight part of alcohol. If less than 15 parts by weight of water may be added, the gel may not be formed, and if the content of water exceeds 100 parts by weight, an opaque gel may be formed in a state where small particles are formed. This gel acts as a cause for the nickel-M-alumina of the final step not to have uniform physical properties.
- Step (iv) is a step of ripening, drying and calcining a nickel-M-alumina gel
- the aging step is a step in which the hydration and condensation reactions, which were not completely performed in the previous process, are completed, which affects physical properties of the catalyst. If the aging period is too short or too long, the structure of the catalyst is not fully formed, resulting in a surface area, pore volume and pore size smaller than the desired size.
- the aged gel may vary in surface area, pore volume, and pore size depending on the drying temperature.
- the drying process for a matured gel may block the inlet of the container with perforated aluminum foil. It is preferable to perform at 60-80 degreeC in the state which adjusted the vapor pressure. 10-20 holes can be drilled in the aluminum foil to dry the gel at a controlled rate. If the number of the holes is less than 10, the drying time is long, shrinkage of the catalyst structure occurs, and the time required for drying is long. On the contrary, if the number of pores is more than 20, the drying speed is increased, so that the gel may crack or disintegrate to obtain the desired surface area, pore volume and pore size.
- the drying temperature is less than 60 °C
- the shrinkage of the catalyst structure occurs during the drying process of the solvent to obtain a surface area, pore volume and pore size suitable for the reaction, 80 °C If exceeded, the gel after maturation becomes sol again due to the high temperature, causing the network structure formed during the manufacturing process to collapse.
- the heat treatment temperature is less than 600 °C can not ensure the thermal stability of the catalyst against the heat generated during the carbon monoxide methanation process, if it exceeds 900 °C the structure and porosity of the catalyst due to the sintering of nickel particles This decays, and thus, the desired catalytic activity cannot be obtained.
- the present invention also provides a method for preparing methane using the nickel-M-alumina catalyst described above.
- the method may provide a method of preparing methane from carbon monoxide through hydrogenation.
- the methane production method includes the step of passing the carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen through a nickel-M-alumina control gel catalyst for the hydrogenation reaction, wherein M is Fe, Co, Ni, Ce , La, Mo, Cs, Y and Mg may be one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- M may be at least one of Fe, Co, Ni, Ce, and La, at least one of Co, Ni, Ce, and La, at least one of Co, Ce, and La, or Fe.
- step B And passing carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen through the pretreated nickel-M-alumina control gel catalyst (step B).
- step A The pretreatment of step A may be performed for 3 to 10 hours while simultaneously flowing 30 ml / min of nitrogen and 3 to 15 ml / min of hydrogen at 650 to 850 ° C. in a continuous flow reactor for methanation reaction.
- Nickel and M metal of the nickel-M-alumina catalyst prepared through the calcination process exist in an oxidized state. Since the nickel and M metals in the oxidized state are not responsive to the hydrogenation reaction of carbon monoxide, the nickel and M metals should be activated by reduction treatment with hydrogen. The metals in the oxidized state are bonded to each other during the reduction process to form particles. Reducing conditions include a method of flowing only hydrogen and a method of flowing nitrogen and hydrogen simultaneously. Among them, a method of simultaneously flowing nitrogen and hydrogen causes the oxide species of nickel and M metal on the surface of alumina to be reduced to form small metal particles.
- a method of reducing nitrogen by simultaneously flowing 30 ml / min and 3 to 15 ml / min of hydrogen is used to convert the oxidized species of nickel and M metal present on the surface of the nickel-M-alumina catalyst into the methanation reaction. There is an effect of converting to an activated metal of a suitable particle size.
- pretreatment temperature 650-850 degreeC is preferable.
- the pretreatment temperature range is a temperature suitable for activating all the oxidized species of the metal present on the surface. If the pretreatment temperature is lower than 650 ° C., some metal oxide species remain in an oxidized state without being reduced, which may affect reactivity since they do not participate in the methanation reaction. If the pretreatment temperature is higher than 850 ° C, the sintering reaction of the metal proceeds with the reduction of the metal oxide species, thereby reducing the active point.
- the degree of reduction of nickel and M metals is determined by the pretreatment time.
- the reduction process In order to reduce the oxidized species of nickel and M metal present on the surface, the reduction process must be carried out for a predetermined time.
- the pretreatment time can range from 3 to 10 hours. If the reduction process is over a certain time, all the metals in the oxidation state existing on the surface are reduced, so the further reduction process may be meaningless.
- Step B is a step in which the hydrogenation reaction is carried out by passing carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen to the pretreated nickel-M-alumina controlled gel catalyst.
- the hydrogenation reaction may supply a synthesis gas and carbon containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a space velocity of 100 to 30,000 ml / h ⁇ g-catalyst, more specifically at a space velocity of 1,000 to 10,000 ml / h ⁇ g-catalyst.
- the pressure of the hydrogenation reaction may be 0.001 to 50 bar, specifically 0.01 to 20 bar, the reaction temperature may be in the range of 200 to 400 °C, specifically 230 to 340 °C.
- the volume ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen may be in the range of 1: 1 to 1: 5, specifically 1: 2 to 1: 4. .
- the volume ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be adjusted to 1: 3 to ensure sufficient methane production. If the ratio of carbon monoxide is too low, the production of carbon monoxide may be reduced, and if the ratio of carbon monoxide is too high, carbon deposition increases during the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, thereby rapidly decreasing the activity of the catalyst.
- the volume ratio of carbon monoxide and nitrogen may range from 1: 1 to 1: 4. Since the methanation reaction is an exothermic reaction with a large reaction heat, the reaction heat is not effectively dispersed above a certain conversion rate. In order to effectively disperse the heat of reaction, an inert gas should be added together with the reactant to dilute the reactant. If the ratio of nitrogen is less than the above range, it is difficult to effectively disperse the heat of reaction, and if it exceeds the above range, the selectivity of methane can be lowered.
- the space velocity of syngas and nitrogen containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen ranges from 100 to 30,000 ml / h-g-catalyst, specifically from 1,000 to 10,000 ml / h-g-catalyst Can be.
- the conversion rate and the selectivity of methane tend to increase as the reaction pressure increases, but above 50 bar, the conversion rate reaches a maximum, and further pressure increase may lead to a decrease in efficiency.
- the hydrogenation catalyst of carbon monoxide requires a temperature above a certain temperature in order to have activity. At temperatures below 200 ° C., the catalyst is not reactive and hydrogenation of carbon monoxide does not occur. When the temperature is above 400 ° C., the conversion rate of carbon monoxide and the selectivity of methane reach the highest, so the temperature is 200 to 400 ° C., specifically 230 to 340 ° C. Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide can be carried out at the reaction temperature.
- the conversion rate of carbon monoxide is in the range of 80 to 100%
- the selectivity of methane in the hydrocarbon is in the range of 60 to 90%
- the selection of carbon dioxide is in the range of 5 to 10%
- the nickel-M-alumina control gel catalyst is a catalyst suitable for the production of methane through the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a continuous flow reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide are supplied to the reactor 10 from the respective storage portions 21, 22, and 23 through the mixing chamber 30, and the supply flow rate is regulated through the pressure indicator 71. It is possible.
- the reactor 10 is filled with a nickel-M-alumina control gel catalyst, and the hydrogenation reaction proceeds while the supplied hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide come into contact with the catalyst in the reactor 10.
- the methane gas generated through the hydrogenation reaction is stored through the hot trap 41 and the cold trap 42 and through the gas outlet 60.
- Hot trap 41 And a stream between the hot trap 41 and the cold trap 42 is connected with the flame ionization detector 51, and the stream after the cold trap 42 is connected with the thermal conductivity detector 52.
- a pressure sensor 72 may be provided between the reactor 10 and the hot trap 41, and a pressure regulator 73 may be provided between the hot trap 41 and the cold trap 42.
- the ethanol solvent was heated to 80 ° C. with stirring.
- Aluminum sec-butoxide Al [OCH (CH) 3 C 2 H 5 ] 3 , 7 g of Aldrich
- Aldrich Aluminum sec-butoxide
- a partial hydration reaction was performed while slowly adding a mixed solution of ethanol (40 ml), nitric acid (0.1 ml) and water (0.3 ml) to obtain a transparent alumina sol.
- the obtained alumina sol was cooled to 50 ° C., and then nickel acetate tetrahydrate (C 4 H 6 NiO 4 4H 2 O, Aldrich) and iron acetate (Fe (CO 2 CH 3 ) 2 , Aldrich) dispersed in 10 ml of ethanol were added.
- Nickel-Fe-alumina sol was obtained.
- the amount of the added nickel precursor was 30 parts by weight of nickel based on 100 parts by weight of the total catalyst prepared, and the amount of the precursor of Fe metal was added so that the Fe content was 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total catalyst.
- the obtained nickel-Fe-alumina sol was cooled to room temperature, and a mixed solution of ethanol (5 ml) and water (0.6 ml) was slowly injected to obtain a nickel-M-alumina gel, which was aged at room temperature for 7 days.
- the aged gel was slowly dried for 72 hours until ethanol was completely removed in a drier maintained at 70 ° C. to obtain a control gel nickel-Fe-alumina.
- the obtained nickel-Fe-alumina control gel was heat-treated at 700 ° C. for 5 hours using an electric furnace to prepare a control-gel nickel-Fe-alumina catalyst.
- the prepared catalyst was named 30Ni10Fe.
- 30 and 10 in front of Ni and Fe refer to parts by weight of nickel and iron relative to 100 parts by weight of the catalyst.
- a medium-porous nickel-M-alumina controlled roselle catalyst having different M metals was prepared according to the preparation method of Preparation Example 1 by varying the kind of M metal added in addition to nickel.
- nickel acetate tetrahydrate C 4 H 6 NiO 4 H 2 O, Aldrich
- cobalt acetate tetrahydrate (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 CoH 2 O, Aldrich)
- cerium acetate Nickel-M-alumina controlled rose gel catalyst using haadrate (CH 3 CO 2 ) 3 Ce.xH 2 O, Aldrich)
- the prepared catalysts were named as 30Ni10Ni, 30Ni10Co, 30Ni10Ce and 30Ni10La, respectively, and 30 and 10 in front of Ni and metal M represent nickel and M parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total catalyst.
- the 30Ni10Fe, 30Ni10Co, 30Ni10Ni, 30Ni10Ce and 30Ni10La catalyst prepared by the present invention is a nickel-M-alumina controlled rogel having medium porosity in the skeleton structure.
- the surface area and pore volume are reduced compared to the 30Ni10Ni catalyst made of a single metal as other metals, such as Fe, Co, Ce, and La, are added as compared to the 30Ni10Ni catalyst added with a single metal only. have.
- FIG. 2 and 3 show the results of X-ray diffraction analysis before and after reduction of the nickel-M-alumina controlled gel catalyst prepared in Preparation Example 1 and Preparation Example 2.
- FIG. 2 showing the X-ray diffraction analysis results before reduction, it can be seen that the characteristic peaks of nickel and M metal overlap and cannot be separated correctly, but developed in the form of aluminate.
- 3 shows the results of X-ray diffraction analysis after reduction at 700 ° C. of each catalyst. Through this analysis, it was confirmed that both nickel oxide species and oxidized species of M metal were reduced, and also combined with each other to form a new phase during the reduction process.
- a Temperature-Reaction Test (Temperature-Programmed Surface Reaction, TPSR) was performed and the results are shown in FIG. 4. .
- the nickel-M-alumina-controlled gel catalysts prepared in Preparation Examples 1 and 2 were filled in U-shaped quartz tubes by 0.1 g for the temperature-surface reaction experiment.
- the gas discharged after passing through the catalyst was analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine the amount of methane produced during the temperature increase. Through this, the characteristics of the carbon monoxide hydrogenation reaction of each catalyst can be seen and the results are shown in FIG. 4.
- each catalyst has a peak for methane production at a specific temperature.
- carbon monoxide dissociates and is separated into intermediate carbon (C *) and oxygen (O).
- the peak at a specific temperature in the elevated temperature reaction means that carbon monoxide adsorbed on the surface is separated into intermediate carbon and oxygen, which activates the reaction of methane through hydrogen reaction. Therefore, the lower the methane production peak, the lower the dissociation energy of carbon monoxide.
- Carbon deposition amount of the catalyst recovered after the methanation of the nickel-M-alumina control gel catalyst prepared in Preparation Example 1 and Preparation Example 2 was measured by CHNS analysis. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the carbon deposition amount was in the order of 30Ni10La> 30Ni10Ce> 30Ni10Ni> 30Ni10Co> 30Ni10Fe catalyst.
- Methane was prepared by methanation of a synthesis gas composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen using a nickel-M-alumina controlled gel catalyst prepared in Preparation Examples 1 and 2.
- the prepared catalysts were reduced for 5 hours while simultaneously flowing nitrogen (30 mL / min) and hydrogen (3 mL / min) at 700 ° C. in a continuous flow reactor for the methanation reaction.
- the reactor was installed in an electric furnace with a stainless steel reactor to maintain a constant reaction temperature through a temperature controller, and the reaction proceeded while continuously passing the catalyst layer in the reactor.
- the amount of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen used in the reaction was controlled using a mass flow controller, and the reaction was carried out at a constant pressure through a pressure controller.
- the composition of the reaction was such that the volume ratio of nitrogen: carbon monoxide: hydrogen was 1.67: 1: 3 and the space velocity was set to 8,160 ml / h ⁇ g-catalyst.
- the reaction temperature was maintained at 230 ° C and the reaction pressure was maintained at 10 bar.
- the reactor used for the reaction is shown in FIG. 5.
- the conversion of carbon monoxide, conversion of hydrogen, selectivity of hydrocarbon, and carbon dioxide by the nickel-M-alumina controlled gel catalyst were calculated by the following Equations 1 to 4, respectively.
- the yield of methane was calculated by multiplying the conversion of carbon monoxide and the selectivity of methane.
- the order in which the methane is produced in the lower temperature of the surface reaction reaction is in the order of 30Ni10Fe, 30Ni10Ni, 30Ni10Co, 30Ni10Ce and 30Ni10La.
- Intermediate carbon may form hydrogen as it meets hydrogen, but may not participate in methanation as a stable carbon species on the surface of the catalyst.
- the carbon deposition amount is formed in the order of 30Ni10Fe, 30Ni10Co, 30Ni10Ni, 30Ni10Ce and 30Ni10La. From the results of methanation, elevated surface reaction and carbon deposition, the dissociation energy of carbon monoxide is lower than that of 30Ni10Co for 30Ni10Ni catalyst, but the conversion of intermediate carbon to stable carbon species is higher than that of 30Ni10Co catalyst. Yield is 2.8% smaller than 30Ni10Co catalyst.
- the methane production temperature is formed at a lower temperature than the 30Ni10Co catalyst, but the result of the methanation reaction shows that the methane yield is about 2.8% lower than that of 30Ni10Co.
- This difference can be explained by the carbon deposition in Table 2. Adsorbed carbon monoxide is separated into intermediate carbon and oxygen at a temperature corresponding to the specific dissociation energy of each catalyst. Intermediate carbon may meet with hydrogen to form methane, but may not participate in the methanation reaction as a stable carbon species on the surface of the catalyst.
- the carbon deposition amount is formed in the order of 30Ni10Fe, 30Ni10Co, 30Ni10Ni, 30Ni10Ce and 30Ni10La. From the results of methanation, temperature rise and carbon deposition, the dissociation energy of carbon monoxide was lower than that of 30Ni10Co for 30Ni10Ni catalyst, but the conversion of intermediate carbon to stable carbon species was higher than that of 30Ni10Co catalyst. Yield is 2.8% smaller than 30Ni10Co catalyst. In the case of 30Ni10Fe catalyst, the dissociation energy of carbon monoxide is lower than that of other catalysts, and the carbon deposition amount is smaller than that of other catalysts. This means that the intermediate carbon produced in the 30Ni10Fe catalyst has a high conversion rate to methane. Summarizing all the results, it can be seen that 30Ni10Fe catalyst among the prepared catalysts is the best catalyst in methanation reaction.
- the catalyst according to an embodiment of the present invention can be variously used in the field of methane synthesis.
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Abstract
Description
| 촉매 | Ni 함량(중량부) | M 함량 (중량부) | 비표면적(㎡/g) | 기공부피(㎤/g) | 평균기공크기(㎚) |
| 30Ni10Fe | 31.2 | 9.8 | 164 | 0.21 | 3.4 |
| 30Ni10Co | 30.8 | 10.6 | 138 | 0.17 | 3.4 |
| 30Ni10Ni | 30.0 | 9.8 | 296 | 0.28 | 2.7 |
| 30Ni10Ce | 32.0 | 8.7 | 223 | 0.21 | 2.7 |
| 30Ni10La | 31.5 | 8.9 | 207 | 0.19 | 2.7 |
| 촉매 | 탄소침적량(%) |
| 30Ni10Fe | 0.7 |
| 30Ni10Co | 2.6 |
| 30Ni10Ni | 2.8 |
| 30Ni10Ce | 3.1 |
| 30Ni10La | 3.9 |
| 촉매 | 전환율 | 생성물 중 탄화수소의 조성(몰%) | 탄소생성물 중 이산화탄소(몰%) | 메탄의 수율 | |||||
| CO | H2 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5+ | |||
| 30Ni10Fe | 99.4 | 86.8 | 79.6 | 6.5 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 9.8 | 79.1 |
| 30Ni10Co | 98.0 | 87.7 | 78.4 | 7.1 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 8.4 | 76.8 |
| 30Ni10Ni | 96.5 | 88.0 | 76.8 | 8.1 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 5.6 | 74.1 |
| 30Ni10Ce | 90.7 | 72.3 | 49.5 | 8.6 | 11.3 | 9.5 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 44.9 |
| 30Ni10La | 80.8 | 67.1 | 49.2 | 8.3 | 12.1 | 10.3 | 13.3 | 6.8 | 39.8 |
Claims (16)
- 니켈-M-알루미나 혼성 제어로젤(xerogel) 촉매로서, M은 Fe, Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mo, Cs, Y 및 Mg 로 구성된 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인 메탄 제조용 촉매.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,촉매 전체 100중량부에 대하여, 니켈 1 내지 50중량부; 및 M 1 내지 20중량부를 포함하는 메탄 제조용 촉매.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,촉매에 형성된 기공의 평균 직경이 2 내지 4nm인 메탄 제조용 촉매.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,촉매의 비표면적은 100 내지 350m2/g 범위인 메탄 제조용 촉매.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,수소화 반응 진행시, 일산화탄소의 전환율이 80 내지 100%인 메탄 제조용 촉매.
- 알루미늄 전구체 졸(sol)을 형성하는 단계;제조된 알루미늄 전구체 졸, 니켈 전구체 및 M 전구체를 혼합하여 니켈-M-알루미나 졸(sol)을 형성하는 단계;니켈-M-알루미나 졸, 물 및 알코올 용매를 혼합하여 니켈-M-알루미나 겔(gel)을 형성하는 단계; 및니켈-M-알루미나 겔을 숙성, 건조 및 소성하는 단계를 포함하며,상기 M은 Fe, Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mo, Cs, Y 및 Mg 로 구성된 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인 니켈-M-알루미나 제어로젤 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,알루미나 전구체는 알루미늄 나이트레이트 노나하이드레이트, 알루미늄 플로라이드 트리하이드레이트, 알루미늄 포스페이트 하이드레이트 및 알루미늄 클로라이드 헥사하이드레이트로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인 니켈-M-알루미나 제어로젤 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,알루미나 졸을 형성하는 단계는,50 내지 80℃ 범위의 온도에서 가열된 알코올 용매에 알루미늄 전구체를 넣고 용해시키는 단계; 및알루미늄 전구체를 용해시킨 용액과 알코올 용매로 희석된 소량의 물과 산을 혼합하여 부분 수화시켜 투명한 졸을 얻는 단계를 포함하는 니켈-M-알루미나 제어로젤 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,니켈-M-알루미나 졸(sol)을 형성하는 단계에서 혼합되는 니켈 전구체와 M의 전구체는, 메탈 아세테이트 하이드레이트 (Metal acetate hydrate) 또는 메탈 크로라이드 하이드레이트 (Metal chloride hydrate) 형태인 니켈-M-알루미나 제어로젤 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,니켈-M-알루미나 졸(sol)을 형성하는 단계에서,촉매 금속성분을 기준으로, 촉매 전체 100중량부에 대하여,니켈 전구체는 1 내지 50중량부로 혼합하고,M은 1 내지 20중량부로 혼합하는 니켈-M-알루미나 제어로젤 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,니켈-M-알루미나 겔을 숙성, 건조 및 소성하는 단계는,3 내지 10일 동안 숙성시키는 단계;60 내지 80℃에서 건조시키는 단계; 및600 내지 900℃에서 3 내지 10시간 동안 소성하는 단계를 포함하는 니켈-M-알루미나 제어로젤 촉매의 제조방법.
- 니켈-M-알루미나 제어로젤 촉매에 일산화탄소, 수소 및 질소를 통과시켜 수소화반응을 진행하는 단계를 포함하며,상기 M은 상기 M은 Fe, Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mo, Cs, Y 및 Mg 로 구성된 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인 메탄 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,니켈-M-알루미나 제어로젤 촉매를 수소 및 질소 가스로 전처리하는 단계를 더 포함하는 메탄 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,니켈-M-알루미나 제어로젤 촉매에 일산화탄소, 수소 및 질소를 통과시키는 속도는 100 내지 30,000ml/h·g-촉매인 메탄 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,일산화탄소와 수소의 부피비는 1:1 내지 1:5이고,일산화탄소와 질소의 부피비는 1:1 내지 1:4인 메탄 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,수소화반응을 진행하는 단계는, 0.001 내지 50bar의 압력 및 200 내지 400℃의 온도에서 수행되는 메탄 제조방법.
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| US13/982,651 US9878961B2 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2011-12-28 | Nickel-M-alumina xerogel catalyst, method for preparing the same, and method for preparing methane using the catalyst |
| AU2011357640A AU2011357640B2 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2011-12-28 | Nickel-M-alumina xerogel catalyst, method for preparing same, and method for preparing methane using the catalyst |
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| KR102217720B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-24 | 2021-02-22 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 수분내구성이 우수한 메탄 합성 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CN105435802B (zh) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-04-17 | 天津大学 | 一种纳米金属镍基催化剂及制备方法和应用 |
| CN108311070B (zh) * | 2018-01-30 | 2021-04-09 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | 一种微通道反应板、气固反应器及气固反应系统 |
| CN111921532B (zh) * | 2020-09-07 | 2021-05-04 | 山东大学 | VOCs废气催化氧化催化剂、其制备方法、催化氧化装置及方法 |
| CN115254118B (zh) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-05-30 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种用于光催化还原co2的有机干凝胶纳米材料及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN117046478A (zh) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-11-14 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | 一种含碱性金属氧化物的甲烷二氧化碳干重整反应催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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| US4331544A (en) * | 1980-02-01 | 1982-05-25 | Director-General Of The Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology | Catalyst for methanation and method for the preparation thereof |
| US4368142A (en) * | 1979-12-29 | 1983-01-11 | Ruhrchemie Aktiengesellschaft | Methanation catalyst |
| US20010050354A1 (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2001-12-13 | Korea Institute Of Technology | Nickel-alumina aerogel catalyst for carbon dioxide reforming of methane and the preparation method thereof |
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| JPS5831977B2 (ja) * | 1980-03-06 | 1983-07-09 | 工業技術院長 | メタン製造用触媒及びその製法 |
| KR100264157B1 (ko) | 1998-03-17 | 2001-04-02 | 박호군 | 메탄의이산화탄소개질반응용니켈-알루미나에어로젤촉매및이의제조방법 |
| CN101884927B (zh) | 2010-06-29 | 2012-09-05 | 清华大学 | 一种用于二氧化碳完全甲烷化的催化剂及其制备方法 |
-
2011
- 2011-01-31 KR KR1020110009838A patent/KR101236636B1/ko active Active
- 2011-12-28 US US13/982,651 patent/US9878961B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-28 AU AU2011357640A patent/AU2011357640B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-12-28 CN CN201180066516.0A patent/CN103347608B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-28 WO PCT/KR2011/010261 patent/WO2012105756A1/ko not_active Ceased
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| US3933883A (en) * | 1975-04-14 | 1976-01-20 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Methanation catalyst and process of use |
| US4368142A (en) * | 1979-12-29 | 1983-01-11 | Ruhrchemie Aktiengesellschaft | Methanation catalyst |
| US4331544A (en) * | 1980-02-01 | 1982-05-25 | Director-General Of The Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology | Catalyst for methanation and method for the preparation thereof |
| US20010050354A1 (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2001-12-13 | Korea Institute Of Technology | Nickel-alumina aerogel catalyst for carbon dioxide reforming of methane and the preparation method thereof |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103347608A (zh) | 2013-10-09 |
| AU2011357640A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
| US20130317127A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
| AU2011357640B2 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
| CN103347608B (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
| US9878961B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 |
| KR101236636B1 (ko) | 2013-02-22 |
| KR20120088472A (ko) | 2012-08-08 |
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