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Definitions

• the present invention relates to tricyclic derivatives, to a process for their preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and to their use as therapeutic agents, particularly in the treatment of cancer and cell proliferation disorders.
• the compounds of this invention are therefore useful in treating diseases caused by dysregulated protein kinase activity.
• the present invention also provides methods for preparing these compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of treating diseases utilizing pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds.
• PKs protein kinases
• a large share of the oncogenes and proto-oncogenes involved in human cancers encode for PKs.
• the enhanced activities of PKs are also implicated in many non-malignant diseases, such as benign prostate hyperplasia, familial adenomatosis, polyposis, neurofibromatosis, psoriasis, vascular smooth cell proliferation associated with atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis glomerulonephritis and post-surgical stenosis and restenosis.
• PKs are also implicated in inflammatory conditions and in the multiplication of viruses and parasites. PKs may also play a major role in the pathogenesis and development of neurodegenerative disorders.
• Taxanes paclitaxel and docetaxel
• vinca alkaloids e.g. vincristine and vinblastine
• Taxanes are first line therapeutics for several tumour types and second line in cisplatin-refractory ovarian, breast, lung, bladder and esophagus cancers (taxanes).
• phagocytosis and axonal transport certain toxicities such as peripheral neuropathy are frequently observed with these agents.
• Progression through mitosis is a requirement of all proliferating cells and hence cancer therapies that have targets in mitosis are generally applicable to a wide range of tumour types.
• SAC Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
• MPS1 monopolar spindle 1 kinase
• TTK tumor necrosis factor 1
• MPS1 is a dual Tyrosine and Serine/Threonine kinase highly conserved from yeast to mammals.
• the human genome encodes for just one MPS1 gene family member, which does not have high sequence similarities with other protein kinases.
• MPS1 is a cell cycle regulating enzyme that is upregulated and activated in mitosis upon phosphorylation (Stucke VM. et al., Embo J. 21 (7): 1723, 002).
• MPS1 controls spindle-pole body duplication (Winey M. et al., J. Cell Biol 114:745, 1991), spindle assembly (Jones, M.H. et al., Curr. Biol. 15: 160, 2005) and the spindle assembly checkpoint (Weiss and Winey, J. Cell. Biol 132: 111 , 1996).
• the MPS1 kinase activity is mainly involved in SAC regulation and functions (Jelluma, N. et al., Cell 132: 233, 2008).
• RNA interference experiments indicate that in the absence of MPS1 the SAC functions are compromised: mitotic length is reduced and cells divide rapidly without metaphase plate alignment, which ultimately causes aberrant aneuploidization, mitotic catastrophe and is not anymore compatible with cellular survival (Jelluma N. et al., Cell 132: 233, 2008; Tighe A. et al., J Cell Biol 2008; Jelluma N. et al., Plos ONE 3 (6): e2415, 2008).
• MPS1 was never found to be mutated in cancer, instead, it has been found upregulated in a number of tumors of different origins like bladder, anaplastic thyroid, breast and prostate cancer (Yuan B. et al, Clin Cancer Res, 12(4): 1121 , 2006). Moreover it was found in the signature of the top 25 genes over-expressed in CIN and aneuploid tumors which predict clinical outcome in breast and lung cancer, medulloblastoma, glioma, mesothelioma and lymphoma (Carter SL et al., Nat Genet. 38 (9): 1043, 2006). Finally, it is highly elevated in metastatic tumors and it was found to be over-expressed in p53-mutated breast cancers (Bertheau P. et al., Plos Med 4(3):e90, 2007).
• PIMs are protein-serine/threonine kinases. PIM kinases are poorly expressed in normal tissues, and overexpressed or even mutated in a discrete number of human cancers, including lymphoma, leukaemia, prostate, pancreas and gastric cancers [Shah et al. Eur. J. Cancer, 44, 2144-51 , (2008)].
• PIM kinases are constitutively active and their activity supports in vitro and in vivo tumor cell growth and survival through modification of an increasing number of common as well as isoform-specific substrates including several cell cycle regulators and apoptosis mediators. PIM1 but not PIM2 seems also to mediate homing and migration of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells by regulating chemokine receptor surface expression [Brault et al. Haematologica 95 1004-1015 (2010)].
• PIM1 and PIM2 kinases may be involved in mediating the oncogenic effects of some acute myelogenous leukemias (AML)-associated oncogenes.
• AML acute myelogenous leukemias
• FLT3- mutations ITD and KD mut., present in 30% of AMLs
• translocations involving the MLL gene occurring in 20% of AMLs
• PIM1 is more expressed in FLT3-ITD-transformed AML cells than in WT bone marrow cells.
• CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• DLBCL diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
• MCL mantle cell lymphoma
• myeloma Cohen et al. Leuk. Lymphoma 94 51 2004, Huttmann et al Leukemia 20 1774 (2006).
• PIMs and AKT/PKB seem to play partly redundant roles in mediating growth and survival of hematopoietic cells most probably due to overlapping substrates like BAD, p21 WAF1/clp1 , p27 KIP1 , or Cot/Tpl-2 [Choudhary et al., Mol Cell. 36 326-39 (2009)].
• PIM kinases have been shown to control mTOR inhibition (rapamycin) resistant, proliferation and survival. Therefore, a combination of small molecule inhibitors targeting several survival kinases might be essential for a powerful cancer therapeutic platform [Amaravadi R., et al. J. Clin. Invest. 2005, 115 (10) 2618-24].
• Oncogenic protein synthesis through elF4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) seems to be mTOR-indipendent and controlled by PIM-2. This observations suggest that the oncogenic elF4F translation-initiating complex could be blocked with small molecules PIM2 inhibitors [Tamburini J. et al. Blood 2009, 114 (8), 1718-27 and Brault L. et al. Haematologica 2010, 95 (6) 1004-1015].
• Tetrahydrobenzocycloheptene derivatives known in the art as immunosuppressive agents and for treating and preventing inflammatory conditions, allergic disorders and immune disorders are disclosed in WO2009/089305.
• Tetrahydrocycloheptapyrimidine derivatives known in the art as protein kinase inhibitors are disclosed in WO2005/037843.
• a first object of the present invention is to rovide a substituted tricyclic compound of formula (I)
• R1 is hydrogen, halogen or an optionally substituted group selected from amino, straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3- C7 cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl;
• X is a single bond or a divalent radical selected from -NR'-, -CONR'-, -NH-CO-NH-,
• R' is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl;
• R3 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl or is a group -(CH2) n -, wherein n is 2 or 3, forming a ring with R2, or
• Y is oxygen and Z is nitrogen, or
• Y is nitrogen and Z is oxygen
• R2 is a group selected from -NR"R"', -N(OR”')R" and OR", wherein R" and R'" are, each independently, hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, R" and R'” may form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group, optionally containing one additional heteroatom selected among N, 0 and S;
• the present invention also provides methods of synthesizing the substituted tricyclic derivatives, represented by formula (I), prepared through a process consisting of standard synthetic transformations and isomers, tautomers, hydrates, solvates, complexes, metabolites, prodrugs, carriers, N- oxides.
• the present invention also provides a method for treating diseases caused by and/or associated with dysregulated protein kinase activity, particularly ABL, ACK1, AKT1 , ALK, AUR1 , AUR2, BRK, BUB1 , CDC7/DBF4, CDK2/CYCA,
• a preferred method of the present invention is to treat a disease caused by and/or associated with dysregulated protein kinase activity selected from the group consisting of cancer, cell proliferative disorders, viral infections, autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders.
• carcinoma such as bladder, breast, colon, kidney, liver, lung, including small cell lung cancer, esophagus, gallbladder, ovary, pancreas, stomach, cervix, thyroid, prostate, and skin, including squamous cell carcinoma
• hematopoietic tumors of lymphoid lineage including leukaemia, acute lymphocitic leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell-lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, hairy cell lymphoma and Burkett's lymphoma
• hematopoietic tumors of myeloid lineage including acute and chronic myelogenous leukemias, myelodysplastic syndrome and promyelocytic leukaemia
• tumors of mesenchymal origin including fibrosarcoma and
• Another preferred method of the present invention is to treat specific cellular proliferation disorders such as, for example, benign prostate hyperplasia, familial adenomatous polyposis, neurofibromatosis, psoriasis, vascular smooth cell proliferation associated with atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis, glomerulonephritis and postsurgical stenosis and restenosis.
• specific cellular proliferation disorders such as, for example, benign prostate hyperplasia, familial adenomatous polyposis, neurofibromatosis, psoriasis, vascular smooth cell proliferation associated with atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis, glomerulonephritis and postsurgical stenosis and restenosis.
• Another preferred method of the present invention is to treat immune cell-associated diseases and disorders, such as inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, for examples multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematous, inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD), Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis, diverticulosis, myasthenia gravis, vasculitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, asthma, allergy, systemic sclerosis, vitiligo, arthritis such as osteoarthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis.
• inflammatory and autoimmune diseases for examples multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematous, inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD), Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis, diverticulosis, myasthenia gravis, vasculitis, psoriasis, scleroderma,
• Another preferred method of the present invention is to treat viral infections, in particular the prevention of AIDS development in HIV-infected individuals.
• Another preferred method of the present invention is to treat neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.
• the method of the present invention also provides tumor angiogenesis and metastasis inhibition as well as the treatment of organ transplant rejection and host versus graft disease.
• the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), as defined above, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier and/or diluent.
• the present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) in combination with known anticancer treatments such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy regimen in combination with cytostatic or cytotoxic agents, antibiotic-type agents, alkylating agents, antimetabolite agents, hormonal agents, immunological agents, interferon-type agents, cyclooxygenase inhibitors (e.g. COX-2 inhibitors), matrixmetalloprotease inhibitors, telomerase inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-growth factor receptor agents, anti-HER agents, anti-EGFR agents, anti-angiogenesis agents (e.g.
• known anticancer treatments such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy regimen in combination with cytostatic or cytotoxic agents, antibiotic-type agents, alkylating agents, antimetabolite agents, hormonal agents, immunological agents, interferon-type agents, cyclooxygenase inhibitors (e.g. COX-2 inhibitors), matrixmetalloprotease inhibitors, telomerase inhibitor
• angiogenesis inhibitors farnesyl transferase inhibitors, ras-raf signal transduction pathway inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, other cdks inhibitors, tubulin binding agents, topoisomerase I inhibitors, topoisomerase II inhibitors, and the like.
• the present invention further provides an in vitro method for inhibiting protein kinase activity which comprises contacting the kinase with an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined above.
• the invention provides a product or kit comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined above, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof and one or more chemotherapeutic agents, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in anticancer therapy.
• the invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined above, for use as a medicament.
• the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined above, in the manufacture of a medicament with anticancer activity.
• the invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined above, for use in a method of treating cancer.
• the present invention includes all of the hydrates, solvates, complexes, metabolites, prodrugs, carriers, N-oxides and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention.
• a metabolite of a compound of formula (I) is any compound into which this same compound of formula (I) is converted in vivo, for instance upon administration to a mammal in need thereof.
• this same derivative may be converted into a variety of compounds, for instance including more soluble derivatives like hydroxylated derivatives, which are easily excreted.
• any of these hydroxylated derivatives may be regarded as a metabolite of the compounds of formula (I).
• Prodrugs are any covalently bonded compounds, which release in vivo the active parent drug according to formula (I).
• N-oxides are compounds of formula (I) wherein nitrogen and oxygen are tethered through a dative bond.
• stereogenic center or another form of an isomeric center is present in a compound of the present invention, all forms of such isomer or isomers, including enantiomers and diastereomers, are intended to be covered herein.
• Compounds containing a stereogenic center may be used as a racemic mixture, an enantiomerically enriched mixture, or the racemic mixture may be separated using well-known techniques and an individual enantiomer may be used alone. In cases in which compounds have unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds, both the cis (Z) and trans (E) isomers are within the scope of this invention.
• each tautomeric form is contemplated as being included within this invention whether existing in equilibrium or predominantly in one form.
• the compound of the present invention has the general formula (la); in case wherein Y is N and Z is N-R3, the compound of the present invention has the general formula (lb); in case wherein Y is 0 and Z is N, the compound of the present invention has the general formula (lc); in case wherein Y is N and Z is 0, the compound of the resent invention has the general formula (Id), here below:
• R1 , X, R2 and R3 are as defined above.
• aryl includes carbocyclic or heterocyclic hydrocarbons with from 1 to 2 ring moieties, either fused or linked to each other by single bonds, wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic; if present, any aromatic heterocyclic hydrocarbon also referred to as heteroaryl group, comprises a 5 to 6 membered ring with from 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, 0 and S.
• aryl groups are, for instance, phenyl, biphenyl, a- or ⁇ -naphthyl, dihydronaphthyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, furyl, benzofuranyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, dihydroquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzodioxolyl, indanyl, indenyl, triazolyl, and the like.
• heterocyclyl also known as “heterocycloalkyi”
• heterocyclyl groups are, for instance, pyrane, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, imidazoline, imidazolidine, pyrazolidine, pyrazoline, thiazoline, thiazolidine, dihydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, 1 ,3- dioxolane, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine and the like.
• C3-C7 cycloalkyl we intend, unless otherwise provided, 3- to 7-membered all-carbon monocyclic ring, which may contain one or more double bonds but does not have a completely conjugated ⁇ -electron system.
• cycloalkyl groups without limitation, are cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclopentene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, cycloeptane, cycloeptene, cycloeptadiene.
• straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl hence comprehensive of C1-C4 alkyl, we intend any of the groups such as, for instance, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, and the like.
• straight or branched C2-C6 alkenyl we intend any of the groups such as, for instance, vinyl, allyl, 1 - propenyl, isopropenyl, 1 -butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 1 -hexenyl, and the like.
• straight or branched C2-C6 alkynyl we intend any of the groups such as, for instance, ethynyl, 2- propynyl, 4-pentynyl, and the like.
• each of the above substituent may be further substituted by one or more of the aforementioned groups.
• halogen we intend a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.
• alkenyl or “alkynyl” we intend any of the aforementioned straight or branched C2-C6 alkyl groups further bearing a double or triple bond.
• alkenyl or alkynyl groups of the invention are, for instance, vinyl, allyl, 1 -propenyl, isopropenyl, 1 -butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 1 -hexenyl, ethynyl, 2- propynyl, 4-pentynyl, and the like.
• polyfluorinated alkyl or “polyfluorinated alkoxy” we intend any of the above straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl or alkoxy groups which are substituted by more than one fluorine atom such as, for instance, trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, 1 , 1 , 1 ,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy and the like.
• alkoxy alkoxy
• aryloxy aryloxy
• heterocyclyloxy any of the above C1-C6 alkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl groups linked to the rest of the molecule through an oxygen atom (-0-).
• any group which name is a composite name such as, for instance, arylamino, has to be intended as conventionally construed by the parts from which it derives, e.g. by an amino group which is further substituted by aryl, wherein aryl is as above defined.
• any of the terms such as, for instance, alkylthio, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, heterocyclylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonylamino, cycloal ky loxycarbony I and the like, include groups wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl moieties are as above defined.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include the acid addition salts with inorganic or organic acids, e.g., nitric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, perchloric, phosphoric, acetic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, glycolic, fumaric, lactic, oxalic, malonic, malic, maleic, tartaric, citric, benzoic, cinnamic, mandelic, methanesulphonic, isethionic and salicylic acid.
• the acid addition salt of the compounds of the invention is selected between the hydrochloride or mesylate salts.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) also include the salts with inorganic or organic bases, e.g., alkali or alkaline-earth metals, especially sodium, potassium, calcium ammonium or magnesium hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates, acyclic or cyclic amines, preferably methylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, piperidine and the like.
• inorganic or organic bases e.g., alkali or alkaline-earth metals, especially sodium, potassium, calcium ammonium or magnesium hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates, acyclic or cyclic amines, preferably methylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, piperidine and the like.
• Preferred compounds of formula (I) are the compounds wherein:
• X is a group -NH- and R2 is a group selected from -NHR", -N(OR"')R" and -OR", wherein R" is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclyl alkyl; and R'", Y, Z, R1 and R3 are as above defined.
• R2 is a group selected from -NHR", -N(OR"')R" and -OR", wherein R" is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclyl alkyl; and R'", Y, Z, R1 and R3 are as above defined.
• X is a group -S- and R2 is a group selected from -NHR", -N(OR"')R" and -OR", wherein R" is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl; and R'", Y, Z, R1 and R3 are as above defined.
• R2 is a group selected from - NHR", -N(OR"')R" and -OR", wherein R" is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl; and R'", Y, Z, R1 and R3 are as above defined.
• X is a group -NH- and R2 is a group -NHR" or -N(OR"')R" wherein R" is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C4 alkyl and aryl ; and R'", Y, Z, R1 and R3 are as above defined.
• X is a group -0- and R2 is a group -NHR" or - N(OR"')R" wherein R" is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C4 alkyl and aryl; and R'", Y, Z, R1 , R3 are as above defined.
• X is a group -S- and R2 is a group -NHR" or - N(OR"')R" wherein R" is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C4 alkyl and aryl; and R'", Y, Z, R1 , R3 are as above defined.
• n 2 or 3 that is compounds of formula (Ib1) and (Ib2):
• X and R1 have any of the meanings defined in formula (I).
• n 2 or 3 that is compounds of formula (Ib3) and (Ib4):
• X and R1 have any of the meanings defined in formula (I).
• Preferred specific compounds of formula (I) are the compounds listed below:
• the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) as defined above, by using the reaction routes and synthetic schemes described below, employing the techniques available in the art and starting materials readily available.
• the preparation of certain embodiments of the present invention is described in the examples that follow, but those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the preparations described may be readily adapted to prepare other embodiments of the present invention.
• the synthesis of non- exemplified compounds according to the invention may be performed by modifications apparent to those skilled in the art, for instance by appropriately protecting interfering groups, by changing to other suitable reagents known in the art, or by making routine modifications of reaction conditions.
• other reactions referred to herein or known in the art will be recognized as having adaptability for preparing other compounds of the invention.
• Figure 1 illustrates the preparation of compounds of formula (Vab), (Va) and (Vb) that are intermediates for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein one of Y and Z is nitrogen and the other is N-R3, wherein R3 is as defined in formula (I).
• Figure 2 illustrates the preparation of compounds of formula (Vc) and (Vd), that are intermediates for the preparation of a compound of formula (I), wherein Y is oxygen and Z is nitrogen, or Y is nitrogen and Z is oxygen.
• FIG 3 illustrates the preparation of compounds of formula (I), starting from compounds of formula (Vab), (Va), (Vb), (Vc) or (Vd) as defined above.
• a process of the present invention comprises:
• R2 is ethoxy or methoxy, according to any one of the alternative steps B1 and B1b:
• L is a suitable leaving group, such as mesyl, tosyl and halogen, and R3 is as defined above but not hydrogen;
• R2 is ethoxy or methoxy
• R3 is as defined above but not hydrogen, and separating their mixture into the single compounds (Va) and (Vb);
• R3 is defined above but not hydrogen
• L is a suitable leaving group such as mesyl, tosyl, halogen atom, and R3 is as defined above but not hydrogen atom, so as to obtain a compound of formula (Va) wherein R2 is a group NR"R"' or N(OR"')R" and R3 is as above reported but not hydrogen;
• Another process of the present invention comprises:
• R2 is ethoxy or methoxy, and separating their mixture into the single compounds (Vc) and (Vd);
• the process of the present invention further comprises: st. H) reacting the compounds of formula (Vab), (Va), (Vb), (Vc) or (Vd), prepared according to any of the steps described above, with an ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide derivative so as to obtain a compound of formula (VI I):
• R2 is ethoxy or methoxy or a group NR"R"' or N(OR"')R", wherein R" and R'" are as defined in formula (I), and Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) reported above;
• R1 is hydrogen, X is amino, R2 is ethoxy or methoxy or a group NR"R"' or N(OR"')R", wherein R" and R'" are as defined in formula (I), and Z and Y and are as defined above; and optionally converting them into other derivatives of formula (I);
• R1 is as reported in formula (I) but not hydrogen, so as to obtain a compound of formula (I), wherein R1 is as reported in formula (I) but not hydrogen, X is NH, R2 is ethoxy or methoxy or a group NR"R"' or N(OR"')R", wherein R" and R'" are as defined in formula (I), and Y and Z are as defined above; and optionally converting them into other derivatives of formula (I);
• R1 is as reported in formula (I) but not hydrogen, so as to obtain a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is as reported in formula (I) but not hydrogen, X is S, R2 is ethoxy or methoxy or a group NR"R"' or N(OR"')R", wherein R" and R'" are as defined in formula (I), and Y and Z are as defined above; and optionally converting them into other derivatives of formula (I);
• R1 is as reported in formula (I) but not hydrogen, so as to obtain a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is as reported in formula (I) but not hydrogen, X is 0, R2 is ethoxy or methoxy or a group NR"R"' or N(OR"')R", wherein R" and R'" are as defined in formula (I), and Y and Z are as defined above; and optionally converting them into other derivatives of formula (I).
• the compounds of formula (I) which are prepared according to the process object of the present invention, can be conveniently converted into other compounds of formula (I) by operating according to well-known synthetic conditions, the following being examples of possible conversions:
• R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyi or heterocyclylalkyi
• Q is a suitable group such as -B(OH)2, -B(OAIk)2, -Sn(Alk)4, ZnHal, or MgHal, which can undergo palladium mediated carbon bond formation, to give a compound of formula (I), wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyi or heterocyclylalkyi group, and X is a single bond:
• R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyi or heterocyclylalkyi
• X is -S-, first into the corresponding compound of formula (I), wherein X is -SO2-, under oxidative conditions, and then reacting the sulfonyl derivative with an amine of formula RI-NH2 (XII), wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyi or heterocyclylalkyi group, to give the corresponding compound wherein R1 is as defined above and X is NH:
• R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyi or heterocyclylalkyi
• X is -S-, first into the corresponding compound of formula (I), wherein X is -SO2- under oxidative conditions, and then reacting the sulfonyl derivative with a compound of formula R1-OH (XIV), wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyi or heterocyclylalkyi group, to give the corresponding compound wherein R1 is as defined above and X is -0- :
• R1 is an aryl, i.e. phenyl, substituted by bromine, into the corresponding compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is an aryl, i.e. phenyl, substituted by NR"R"', by treatment with an amine of formula R"R"'-NH (X), to give the corresponding compound wherein R1 is an aryl, i.e. phenyl, substituted by NR"R"':
• Ra and Rb are independently halogen, except bromine, hydrogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, polyfluorinated alkyl, polyfluorinated alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, methylenedioxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, cycloalkenyloxy, heterocyclylcarbonyloxy, alkylideneaminooxy, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, cycloalkyloxycarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, amino, ureido, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, heterocyclyamino, formylamino, alkylcarbonylamino
• Ra and Rb are independently halogen, hydrogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, polyfluorinated alkyl, polyfluorinated alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, methylenedioxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, cycloalkenyloxy, heterocyclylcarbonyloxy, alkylideneaminooxy, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, cycloalkyloxycarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, amino, ureido, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, heterocyclyamino, formylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, aryl
• Ra and Rb are independently halogen atom, hydrogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, polyfluorinated alkyl, polyfluorinated alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, methylenedioxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, cycloalkenyloxy, heterocyclylcarbonyloxy, alkylideneaminooxy, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, cycloalkyloxycarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, amino, ureido, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, heterocyclyamino, formylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, a
• Ra, Rb and Rc are independently hydrogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, polyfluorinated alkyl, polyfluorinated alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, methylenedioxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, cycloalkenyloxy, heterocyclylcarbonyloxy, alkylideneaminooxy, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, cycloalkyloxycarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, amino, ureido, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, heterocyclyamino, formylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbon
• Ra, Rb and Rc are as defined above, in presence of palladium.
• R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyl or heterocyclylalkyl, and Q is a suitable group such as -B(0H)2, -B(0Alk)2, -Sn(Alk)4, ZnHal, or MgHal, which can undergo palladium mediated carbon bond formation, to give a compound of formula (I), wherein R1 is as defined
• step (st.A) of the process 2,2-dimethoxycycloheptanone is reacted with diethyl oxalate or dimethyl oxalate in the presence of LiN(TMS)2 and of a suitable solvent such as, for instance, dioxane, tetrahydrofurane (THF) or Et 2 0.
• a suitable solvent such as, for instance, dioxane, tetrahydrofurane (THF) or Et 2 0.
• step (st.B1) the compound of formula (III) is reacted with hydrazine (IVa), in the presence of AcOH or a lower alcohol such as MeOH, EtOH or admixtures thereof.
• hydrazine (IVa) a lower alcohol such as MeOH, EtOH or admixtures thereof.
• the above reaction is carried out in EtOH at room temperature, so as to obtain a compound of formula (Vab).
• step (st.B1a) the compound of formula (Vab) wherein R2 is ethoxy or methoxy, is reacted with a suitable compound of formula (VI) wherein R3 is not hydrogen, in the presence of a base such as NaH, Na2C03 or CS2CO3 in a suitable solvent, such as for instance THF, dioxane or dimethylformamide (DMF), at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 100°C, so as to obtain a mixture of compounds (Va) and (Vb), and by separating them under conventional methods, for instance through preparative HPLC.
• a base such as NaH, Na2C03 or CS2CO3
• a suitable solvent such as for instance THF, dioxane or dimethylformamide (DMF)
• step (st.B1b) the compound of formula (III) is reacted with a suitable hydrazine derivative of formula (IVb), in the presence of AcOH or a lower alcohol such as MeOH, EtOH or admixtures thereof.
• a suitable hydrazine derivative of formula (IVb) in the presence of AcOH or a lower alcohol such as MeOH, EtOH or admixtures thereof.
• the above reaction is carried out in EtOH at room temperature, so as to obtain a compound of formula (Vb).
• the compound of formula (Vab), (Va) or (Vb) wherein R2 is ethoxy or methoxy and R3 if present is hydrogen may be converted into a carboxylic acid derivative, by conditions widely known in the art and may comprise, for instance, the reaction with NaOH or KOH in the presence of a suitable solvent such as a lower alcohol, DMF or mixtures thereof; preferably the reaction is carried out with NaOH in a EtOH/DMF mixture, at a temperature ranging from about 25°C to about 100°C.
• step (st.B3) of the process the compound of formula (Vab), (Va) or (Vb) wherein R3 is as defined above and R2 is hydroxy or the corresponding salt, may be converted into derivatives of formula (Vab), (Va) or (Vb) wherein R2 is a group NR"R"' or N(OR"')R" and R3 is as defined above.
• reaction is carried out in the presence of an amine of formula either (X) or (XI) as defined above, under basic conditions, preferably with DIPEA or TEA, in a suitable solvent such as DCM, DMF, THF, or dioxane, and in the presence of a suitable condensing agent such as DCC, EDCI or TBTU; catalytic amounts of PyBOP or HOBt may be also required.
• a suitable solvent such as DCM, DMF, THF, or dioxane
• a suitable condensing agent such as DCC, EDCI or TBTU
• catalytic amounts of PyBOP or HOBt may be also required.
• step (st.B4) a compound of formula (Vab), wherein R2 is NR"R"' or N(OR")R"' and R" and R'" are as defined above, is reacted with a suitable compound of formula (VI) wherein R3 is as defined above but not hydrogen, in the presence of a base such as NaH, Na2C03 or CS2CO3 in a suitable solvent, for instance THF, dioxane or DMF, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 100°C, so as to obtain a compound (Va).
• a base such as NaH, Na2C03 or CS2CO3
• a suitable solvent for instance THF, dioxane or DMF
• reaction step (st.C) is carried out under the operative conditions set in step (st.B2) and lead to the desired compounds of formula (Va) or (Vb), respectively.
• a compound of formula (Vab), (Va) or (Vb) wherein R2 is ethoxy or methoxy and R3 is as defined above but not hydrogen may be converted into another compound of formula (Vab), (Va) or (Vb) wherein R2 is an amino group of formula -NR"R"' or of formula -N(OR"')R" according to methods well- known in the art to convert carboxyester groups (-COOR 1 ) into carboxamides (-CONH2), N-substituted carboxamides (-CONHR"), ⁇ , ⁇ -disubstituted carboxamides (-CONR"R"') and Weinreb amides (-CON(OR"')R").
• R" and R'" are hydrogen
• the reaction is carried out with ammonium hydroxide in a MeOH/DMF mixture, at a temperature ranging from about 50°C to about 100°C.
• Analogous operative conditions are applied in the preparation of N-substituted carboxamides or N,N-disubstituted carboxamides or Weinreib amides or wherein a suitable primary or secondary amine or substituted hydroxylamines are used in place of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide.
• carboxyester groups may be converted into carboxamide or N-substituted carboxamides or N,N- disubstituted carboxamides or Weinreib amides under basic conditions such as LiN(TMS)2 1 N in THF, using ammonium chloride or a suitable primary or secondary amine; preferably the reaction is carried out in THF or Et20 at a temperature ranging from 20°C to reflux.
• basic conditions such as LiN(TMS)2 1 N in THF, using ammonium chloride or a suitable primary or secondary amine; preferably the reaction is carried out in THF or Et20 at a temperature ranging from 20°C to reflux.
• step (st.E1) of the process ( Figure 2) a compound of formula (III) is reacted with hydroxylamine or hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
• the above reaction is carried out in EtOH at a temperature ranging from room temperature to reflux, so as to obtain a mixture of both compounds of formula (Vc) and (Vd).
• Their separation into the single compounds (Vc) and (Vd) is carried out under conventional methods, for instance through preparative HPLC.
• step (st.E2) are carried out under the operative conditions set forth in step (st.D) and lead to the desired compounds of formula (Vc) or (Vd), respectively.
• step (st.G1) are carried out under the operative conditions set forth in step (st.B2) and lead to the desired compounds of formula (Vc) or (Vd), respectively.
• step (st.G2) are carried out under the operative conditions set forth in step (st.B3) and lead to the desired compounds of formula (Vc) or (Vd), respectively.
• a compound of formula (Vab) or (Va) or (Vb) or (Vc) or (Vd) is reacted with A/,A/-dimethylformamide-di-tert-butylacetale, A/,A/-dimethylformamide-diisopropylacetale, N,N- dimethylformamide-dimethylacetale or A/,A/-dimethylformamide-diethylacetale in a suitable solvent such as, for instance, DMF or toluene, so as to get the corresponding compound of formula (VII) as defined above.
• the reaction is carried out at a temperature ranging from room temperature to about 100°C.
• step (st.11) of the process a compound of formula (VII) as defined above is reacted with guanidine or a salt thereof so as to obtain the corresponding compound of formula (I) as defined above wherein X is -NH- and R1 is hydrogen through pyrimidine ring formation.
• the reaction is carried out in DMF or EtOH at a temperature ranging from 80°C to reflux.
• step (st.l2) of the process a compound of formula (VII) as defined above is reacted with a guanidine derivative or a salt thereof of formula (VIII) so as to obtain the corresponding compound of formula (I) as defined above wherein X is -NH- and R1 is as defined above through pyrimidine ring formation.
• the reaction is preferably carried out in DMF or EtOH at a temperature ranging from 80°C to reflux, possibly in the presence of a base e.g.
• step (st.l3) of the process a compound of formula (VII) as defined above is reacted with an isothiourea derivative or a salt thereof of formula (IX), wherein R1 is as above reported, so as to obtain the corresponding compound of formula (I), wherein X is -S- and R1 is as defined above, through pyrimidine ring formation.
• the reaction is preferably carried out in DMF or EtOH at a temperature ranging from 80°C to reflux.
• step (st.l4) of the process a compound of formula (VII) as defined above is reacted with an isourea derivative or a salt thereof of formula (XXV) so as to obtain a compound of formula (I), wherein X is -0- and R1 is as defined above, through pyrimidine ring formation.
• Reaction is preferably carried out operating in a suitable solvent such as dioxane, DMF or CH3CN in the presence of a base such as Na2C03 or K2CO3 at a temperature ranging from 50°C to 100°C.
• step (st.B1) or (st.B2) or (st.B3) of the process it is clear to the skilled person that both compounds of formula (Va) or (Vb) wherein R3 is a hydrogen atom are tautomeric forms of a given compound which can be conveniently identified as having formula (Vab)
• a compound of formula (la) or (lb) wherein R3 is a group selected from p-methoxybenzyl, trytil or t-butyl may be converted into the corresponding compound of formula (I) wherein R3 is hydrogen atom by reaction in acidic conditions, for instance with TFA or HCI and in the presence of a suitable solvent such as DCM or dioxane, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 70°C and for a time ranging from about 1 to about 12 hours.
• a suitable solvent such as DCM or dioxane
• a compound of formula (la) wherein R3 is hydrogen atom may be converted into a mixture of compounds of formula (la) and (lb) wherein R3 is as defined above except hydrogen atom, by reaction with a suitable compound of formula (VI) as defined above wherein L is a suitable leaving group such as an halogen atom, preferably chlorine, bromine or iodine, in the presence of a base such as NaH or TEA or CS2CO3, in a suitable solvent, for instance DCM, THF, dioxane or DMF, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 100°C, so and for a time ranging from about 1 to about 12 hours.
• a suitable compound of formula (la) and (lb) may then be obtained as single compounds separating their mixture into the single compounds (la) and (lb) by conventional methods for instance through chromatography or preparative HPLC;
• a compound of formula (la) wherein R3 is hydrogen atom may be converted into a compound of formula (la) wherein R3 is as defined above except hydrogen atom, by reaction with a suitable compound of formula (VI) as defined above where L is a suitable leaving group, such as an halogen atom, preferably chlorine, bromine or iodine, in the presence of a base such as NaH or TEA or CS2CO3, in a suitable solvent, for instance DCM, THF, dioxane or DMF, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to reflux, for a time ranging from about 1 to about 12 hours.
• a suitable compound of formula (VI) as defined above where L is a suitable leaving group, such as an halogen atom, preferably chlorine, bromine or iodine, in the presence of a base such as NaH or TEA or CS2CO3, in a suitable solvent, for instance DCM, THF, dioxane or DMF, at a temperature ranging from room
• the compounds of formula (I) wherein R2 is ethoxy or a group - N(OR"')R" may be converted into carboxylic acid derivatives of formula (I) as defined above or their corresponding salts through basic or acidic hydrolysis conditions, widely known in the art.
• the compounds of formula (I) wherein R2 is hydroxyl or a salt thereof may be converted into the corresponding derivatives of formula (I) wherein R2 is a group -NR"R"' or - N(OR"')R" as defined above.
• the reaction is carried out in presence of an amine of formula (X) or (XI) as defined above, under basic conditions, preferably with DIPEA or TEA, in a suitable solvent such as DCM, DMF, THF or dioxane, and in the presence of a suitable condensing agent such as DCC, EDCI or TBTU; catalytic amounts of PyBOP or HOBt may also be required.
• a compound of formula (I) wherein R2 is ethoxy may be converted into another compound of formula (I) wherein R2 is an amino group of formula -NR"R"' or -N(OR"')R" according to methods well-known in the art to convert carboxyester groups into carboxamides (-CONH2), N-substituted carboxamides (-CONHR"), ⁇ , ⁇ -disubstituted carboxamides (-CONR"R"') and Weinreib amides (-CON(OR"')R"'.
• R" and R'" are hydrogens
• the reaction is carried out with ammonium hydroxide or hydroxylamine in a MeOH/DMF mixture, at a temperature ranging from about 50°C to about 100°C.
• Analogous operative conditions are applied in the preparation of N-substituted carboxamides, N,N-disubstituted carboxamides and Weinerib amides wherein a suitable primary, secondary amine or substituted hydroxylamines are used in place of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide.
• carboxyester groups may be converted into carboxamide or N-substituted carboxamides, N,N- disubstituted carboxamides or Weinreib amides under basic conditions such as LiN(TMS)2 1 N in THF, using ammonium chloride or a suitable primary or secondary amine; preferably the reaction is carried out in THF or Et20 at a temperature ranging from 20°C to reflux.
• basic conditions such as LiN(TMS)2 1 N in THF, using ammonium chloride or a suitable primary or secondary amine; preferably the reaction is carried out in THF or Et20 at a temperature ranging from 20°C to reflux.
• the above compound (lb) is first converted into the free amino derivative by working according to conventional methods, for instance under acidic conditions, preferably with HCI, in a suitable solvent such as dioxane at refluxing temperature, and subsequently cyclised to the desired tetracyclic derivative in the presence of a base such as CS2CO3 and in a suitable solvent such as a lower alcohol, preferably MeOH, ranging from room temperature to reflux.
• a compound of formula (lb) wherein R3 is -(CH2) n -OH with n 2 or 3, is converted into to the desired tetracyclic compound of formula (Ib3) or (Ib4) under acidic conditions, preferably with HCI or p-toluensulfonic acid, in a suitable solvent such as dioxane or a lower alcohol, preferably MeOH, with a temperature ranging from room temperature to reflux.
• a suitable solvent such as dioxane or a lower alcohol, preferably MeOH
• compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 is an optionally substituted aryl and X is -NH can be obtained by the corresponding iodo derivatives which, in their turn, may be prepared by the corresponding compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 is hydrogen and X is -NH-.
• the preparation of the iodo derivatives may be carried out in a suitable solvent such as THF, Et20 or 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), at a temperature ranging from room temperature to about 70°C, and for a time of about 8 hours to about 48 hours.
• the subsequent conversion of the iododerivative may be carried out in a suitable solvent such as DMF, DME or CH3CN, and in the presence of catalytic amounts of Pd(OAc)2, BINAP or Xantphos and a base such as K2CO3, potassium phosphate or CS2CO3, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 110°C and for a time ranging from about 2 to about 24 hours.
• a suitable solvent such as DMF, DME or CH3CN
• organometal reagent such as for instance organoboron (Suzuki reaction), organotin (Stille reaction), organomagnesium (Kumada reaction), or organozinc (Negishi reaction) and the like.
• Preferred reaction is the Suzuki reaction where the appropriate aryl or heteroarylboronic derivative is used in the presence of a palladium based catalyst such as PdC (dppf) CH2CI2 or Pd2(dba)3 or Pd(PPhi3)4, in a suitable solvent such as DMF, DCM, MeOH, CH3CN, or in a mixture of solvents, such as DME and water, optionally in the presence of a base such as sodium or cesium carbonate or cesium fluoride, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 100°C.
• a palladium based catalyst such as PdC (dppf) CH2CI2 or Pd2(dba)3 or Pd(PPhi3)4
• a suitable solvent such as DMF, DCM, MeOH, CH3CN
• a mixture of solvents such as DME and water
• a base such as sodium or cesium carbonate or cesium fluoride
• compounds of formula (I), wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyl or heterocyclylalkyl group and X is -S- may be converted into compounds of formula (I), wherein X is -NH-, by first oxidizing the thio group to sulfonyl group and by replacing it with a R-NH- group.
• the oxidative step may be carried out with oxone in the presence of a suitable solvent, preferably DMF or DMSO at room temperature; the subsequent replacement of the sulfonyl group with a suitable amino derivative is preferably carried out in the presence of DMF, DME, dioxane, CH3CN, N-methyl-pyrrolidone or diglyme, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to about 100°C.
• a suitable solvent preferably DMF or DMSO at room temperature
• compounds of formula (I) wherein X is -0- may be easily obtained by reacting the sulfonyl derivative above mentioned with an alcohol or phenol derivative of formula (XIV) wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyl or heterocyclylalkyl.
• the reaction may be carried out in the presence of a base such as K2CO3 or Na2C03, butyl lithium, LiN(TMS)2, NaH or the like, in a suitable solvent such as DMF or THF, and at a temperature ranging from room temperature to about 100°C.
• compounds of formula (I) wherein X is -OSO2- and R1 is a trifluoromethyl group may be obtained by reacting the corresponding compounds of formula (I) wherein X is -0- and R1 is hydrogen with a triflating agent such as trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, trifluoromethanesulfonylchloride or N-phenyl-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), optionally in the presence of a base such as TEA or DIPEA, in a suitable solvent such as DCM, THF or dioxane at a temperature ranging from -78°C to room temperature.
• a triflating agent such as trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, trifluoromethanesulfonylchloride or N-phenyl-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide
• the compounds of formula (I), wherein X is -0- and R1 an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyi or heterocyclylalkyi group, may be obtained by reacting the corresponding compounds of formula (I) wherein X is -OSO2- and R1 is a trifluoromethyl group with an alcohol of formula (XIV) wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyi or heterocyclylalkyi group, by operating in a suitable solvent such as dioxane, THF, DME, CH3CN, DMF or DMSO, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to about 90°C, optionally in the presence of a base such as K2CO3, potassium tertbutoxide or NaH.
• a suitable solvent such as
• reaction may be carried out in a suitable solvent such as toluene, DMF, DME or CH3CN, in the presence of Pd(0Ac)2, ( ⁇ )-BINAP and a base such as potassium phosphate or K2CO3 or CS2CO3 at a temperature ranging from 0°C to 100°C.
• a suitable solvent such as toluene, DMF, DME or CH3CN
• compounds of formula (I), wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl or a heterocyclylalkyi group and X is -NH- can be obtained from compounds of formula (I) wherein X is -OSO2- and R1 is a trifluoromethyl group by reaction with an amine of formula (XII), wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyi or heterocyclylalkyi group.
• the reaction is typically obtained by operating in a suitable solvent such as dioxane, THF, DME, CH3CN, DMF or DMSO, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 90°C, optionally in the presence of a base such as K2CO3 or TEA.
• a suitable solvent such as dioxane, THF, DME, CH3CN, DMF or DMSO, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 90°C, optionally in the presence of a base such as K2CO3 or TEA.
• deprotection of the carboxylic residue into the corresponding acid can be achieved using procedures well known in the art, involving acidic conditions, for example with HCI or TFA in a suitable solvent, such as, for instance, THF or dioxane, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 60°C and for a time ranging from about 1 to about 12 hours.
• a suitable solvent such as, for instance, THF or dioxane
• transformation of the acid residue into the corresponding amide derivatives -CONR"R"', wherein R" and R'" are as defined above can be obtained by reaction of the acid derivatives with an amine of formula (X) as defined above, under basic conditions, preferably with DIPEA or TEA, in a suitable solvent such as DCM, DMF, THF, or dioxane, and in the presence of a suitable condensing agent such as DCC, EDCI or TBTU; catalytic amounts of PyBOP or HOBt may be also required, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 60°C and for a time ranging from about 1 to about 24 hours.
• a suitable solvent such as DCM, DMF, THF, or dioxane
• a suitable condensing agent such as DCC, EDCI or TBTU
• catalytic amounts of PyBOP or HOBt may be also required, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 60°C and for a time ranging from about 1 to
• the compound of formula (I) as defined above is reacted with compounds of formula (XVI) as defined above, according to conventional methods.
• the reaction can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as DMF, DME, dioxane or CH3CN, catalytic amounts of Pd2(dba)3, BINAP or 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2',4',6'-triisopropyl-1 ,1 '-biphenyl (X-phos) and a base such as K2CO3, potassium phosphate or CS2CO3, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 110 °C and for a time ranging from about 2 to about 24 hours.
• a suitable solvent such as DMF, DME, dioxane or CH3CN
• compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, arylalkyl or heterocyclylalkyl group and X is a single bond can be obtained by the corresponding compounds of formula (I) wherein X is -OSO2- and R1 is a trifluoromethyl group, by reaction with derivatives of formula (XIII), as defined above, in a suitable solvent such as DMF, DCM, MeOH, DME or CH3CN, in the presence of Pd2(dba)3, PdC fdppf) or Pd(PPhi3)4, optionally in the presence of cesium fluoride, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 100°C.
• a suitable solvent such as DMF, DCM, MeOH, DME or CH3CN
• the conversion is carried out by reaction with a thiol of formula R1-SH (XXVI) wherein R1 is as defined above in a suitable solvent such as THF, DMF, DCM, MeOH, DME or CH3CN, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 100°C.
• a suitable solvent such as THF, DMF, DCM, MeOH, DME or CH3CN
• the starting material and any other reactant are known or easily prepared according to known methods.
• the compounds of formula (I) may be advantageously prepared according to combinatorial chemistry techniques widely known in the art, by accomplishing the aforementioned reactions between the intermediates in a serial manner and by working under solid-phase-synthesis (SPS) conditions.
• SPS solid-phase-synthesis
• the intermediate derivatives of formula (Vab) wherein R2 is hydroxy being obtained in step B2 of the above processes, can be easily supported onto a polymeric resin, for instance through the formation of a carboxamido group.
• the intermediate thus supported may be subsequently reacted according to the remaining steps of the process.
• the resin is a commercially available polystyrenic resin including, for instance, Wang resin, Trityl resin, Cl- trityl resin, Rink amide resin, Tentagel OH resin and derivatives thereof;
• R1 , X and R3 are as defined above and R2 is NHR", wherein R" is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl or heterocyclylalkyl.
• the polystyrenic resin is a derivatized formyl polystyrenic resin which may be obtained by reacting a commercially available formyl polystyrenic resin, e.g. 4-(4-formyl-3- methoxyphenoxy)butyryl AM resin, with a suitable amino derivative under reductive conditions, for instance in the presence of sodium triacetoxyborohydride and derivatives thereof, substantially as follows:
• the reaction may be carried out in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran and in the presence of AcOH.
• amines loaded onto formylpolystyrenic resins also known as Acid Sensitive MethoxyBenzaldehyde polystyrene resins (AMEBA resin) are prepared by standard reductive amination in the presence of an excess of amine in trimethyl orthoformate (TMOF)/DCE and NaBH(OAc) 3 or AcOH/DMF and NaCNBH 3 , for instance as reported in Tetrahedron Letters (1997), 38, 7151-7154; J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1998), 120, 5441 ; and Chem. Eur. J. (1999), 5, 2787.
• TMOF trimethyl orthoformate
• OAc NaBH(OAc) 3
• AcOH/DMF and NaCNBH 3 AcOH/DMF and NaCNBH 3
• step (st.L) of the process the reaction with the polystyrene resin is performed in a suitable solvent, for instance DMF, in the presence of DIPEA and of a suitable condensing agent such as, for instance, PyBOP, TBTU or 2-(1 H-Benzotriazole-1-yl)-1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU).
• a suitable condensing agent such as, for instance, PyBOP, TBTU or 2-(1 H-Benzotriazole-1-yl)-1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU).
• HBTU 2-(1 H-Benzotriazole-1-yl)-1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
• step (st.M) of the process the supported compound of formula (XXIII) is alkylated to obtain the corresponding
• step (st.N) the supported compound of formula (XXIV) is further reacted according to step st.H to give the corresponding enaminone, in the presence of dimethylformamide derivatives.
• step (st.O) the supported compound of formula (XXV) is further reacted to give a variety of compounds of general formula (I), as described in any of the steps st.H , st.l2, st.l3 and st.l4.
• the cleavage of the resin is performed under acidic conditions in the presence of suitable acids such as, for instance, HCI, TFA, methanesulfonic or p-toluensulfonic acid.
• suitable acids such as, for instance, HCI, TFA, methanesulfonic or p-toluensulfonic acid.
• the reaction is carried out using TFA in DCM as solvent.
• R1 is hydrogen, or an optionally substituted group selected from amino, straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl;
• X is a single bond or a divalent radical selected from -NR'-, -CONR'-, -NH-CO-NH-, -0-, -S- and -SO2-,
• R' is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl;
• R2 is -NHR", wherein R" is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl;
• R3 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl;
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered either as single agents or, alternatively, in combination with known anticancer treatments such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy regimen in combination with cytostatic or cytotoxic agents, antibiotic-type agents, alkylating agents, antimetabolite agents, hormonal agents, immunological agents, interferon-type agents, cyclooxygenase inhibitors (e.g. COX-2 inhibitors), matrixmetalloprotease inhibitors, telomerase inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-growth factor receptor agents, anti-HER agents, anti-EGFR agents, anti-angiogenesis agents (e.g.
• cytostatic or cytotoxic agents antibiotic-type agents, alkylating agents, antimetabolite agents, hormonal agents, immunological agents, interferon-type agents, cyclooxygenase inhibitors (e.g. COX-2 inhibitors), matrixmetalloprotease inhibitors, telomerase inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-growth factor receptor agents, anti
• angiogenesis inhibitors farnesyl transferase inhibitors, ras-raf signal transduction pathway inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, other cdks inhibitors, tubulin binding agents, topoisomerase I inhibitors, topoisomerase II inhibitors, and the like.
• such combination products employ the compounds of this invention within the dosage range described below and the other pharmaceutically active agent within the approved dosage range.
• the compounds of formula (I) of the present invention suitable for administration to a mammal, e.g., to humans, can be administered by the usual routes and the dosage level depends upon the age, weight, conditions of the patient and administration route.
• a suitable dosage adopted for oral administration of a compound of formula (I) may range from about 10 to about 500 mg per dose, from 1 to 5 times daily.
• the compounds of the invention can be administered in a variety of dosage forms, e.g., orally, in the form tablets, capsules, sugar or film coated tablets, liquid solutions or suspensions; rectally in the form suppositories; parenterally, e.g., intramuscularly, or through intravenous and/or intrathecal and/or intraspinal injection or infusion.
• the present invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, which may be a carrier or a diluent.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient which may be a carrier or a diluent.
• compositions containing the compounds of the invention are usually prepared following conventional methods and are administered in a suitable pharmaceutical form.
• the solid oral forms may contain, together with the active compound, diluents, e.g., lactose, dextrose saccharose, sucrose, cellulose, corn starch or potato starch; lubricants, e.g., silica, talc, stearic acid, magnesium or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycols; binding agents, e.g., starches, arabic gum, gelatine methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose or polyvinyl pyrrolidone; disintegrating agents, e.g., starch, alginic acid, alginates or sodium starch glycolate; effervescing mixtures; dyestuffs; sweeteners; wetting agents such as lecithin, polysorbates, laurylsulphates; and, in general, nontoxic and pharmacologically inactive substances used in pharmaceutical formulations.
• the liquid dispersions for oral administration may be, e.g., syrups, emulsions and suspensions.
• the syrups may contain, as carrier, saccharose or saccharose with glycerine and/or mannitol and sorbitol.
• the suspensions and the emulsions may contain, as examples of carriers, natural gum, agar, sodium alginate, pectin, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, or polyvinyl alcohol.
• the suspension or solutions for intramuscular injections may contain, together with the active compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, e.g., sterile water, olive oil, ethyl oleate, glycols, e.g., propylene glycol and, if desired, a suitable amount of lidocaine hydrochloride.
• the solutions for intravenous injections or infusions may contain, as a carrier, sterile water or preferably they may be in the form of sterile, aqueous, isotonic, saline solutions or they may contain propylene glycol as a carrier.
• the suppositories may contain, together with the active compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, e.g., cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester surfactant or lecithin.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier e.g., cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester surfactant or lecithin.
• HPLC HPLC
• a Waters AcquityTM UPLC system equipped with a 2996 Waters PDA detector and Micromass mod.
• ZQ single quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray (ESI) ion source.
• Instrument control, data acquisition and data processing were provided by Empower and MassLynx 4.0 software.
• HPLC was carried out at 45°C at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min using a BEH C18 1.7 microm Waters Acquity UPLC (2.1 x 50 mm) column.
• the injection volume was 2 microL.
• the mass spectrometer was operated in positive and in negative ion mode, the capillary voltage was set up at 3.5 KV (ES + ) and 28 V (ES ); the source temperature was 120°C; cone was 14 V (ES + ) and 2.8 KV (ES ); full scan, mass range from 100 to 800 amu was set up.
• the HPLC equipment consisted of a Waters 2795 Alliance HT system equipped with a 2996 Waters PDA detector and Micromass mod. ZQ single quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with an electrospray (ESI) ion source. Instrument control, data acquisition and data processing were provided by Empower and MassLynx 4.0 software.
• HPLC HPLC was carried out at 30°C at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using a C18, 3 microm Phenomenex (4.6 x 50 mm) column.
• the injection volume was 10 microL.
• the mass spectrometer was operated in positive and in negative ion mode, the capillary voltage was set up at 3.5 KV (ES + ) and 28 V (ES ); the source temperature was 120°C; cone was 14 V (ES + ) and 2.8 KV (ES ); full scan, mass range from 100 to 800 amu was set up.
• the HPLC equipment consisted of a Waters AcquityTM UPLC system equipped with a 2996 Waters PDA detector and Micromass mod. ZQ single quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with an electrospray (ESI) ion source. Instrument control, data acquisition and data processing were provided by Empower and MassLynx 4.0 software.
• HPLC HPLC was carried out at 45°C at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min using a BEH C18 1.7 microm Waters Acquity UPLC (2.1 x 50 mm) column.
• the injection volume was 2 microL.
• the mass spectrometer was operated in positive and in negative ion mode, the capillary voltage was set up at 3.5 KV (ES + ) and 28 V (ES ); the source temperature was 120°C; cone was 14 V (ES + ) and 2.8 KV (ES ); full scan, mass range from 100 to 800 amu was set up.
• HPLC HPLC
• Mobile phase B was H2O/CH3CN (5:95); the gradient was from 10 to 90% B in 4 minutes then hold 90% B 1 minutes.
• the injection volume was 10 microL.
• the mass spectrometer was operated in positive and in negative ion mode, the capillary voltage was set up at 2.5 KV; the source temperature was 120°C; cone was 10 V; full scan, mass range from 100 to 800 amu was set up.
• HPLC HPLC
• Mobile phase B was CH3CN; the gradient was from 10 to 90% B in 15 minutes then hold 90% B 3 minutes.
• the injection volume was 10 microL.
• the mass spectrometer was operated in positive and in negative ion mode, the capillary voltage was set up at 2.5 KV; the source temperature was 120°C; cone was 10 V; full scan, mass range from 100 to 800 amu was set up.
• the HPLC equipment consisted of a Waters 2790 HPLC system equipped with a 996 Waters PDA detector and Micromass mod. ZQ single quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with an electrospray (ESI) ion source.
• ESI electrospray
• HPLC HPLC was carried out at 25°C at a flow rate of 20 mL/min using a RP18 Waters X Terra 10 microm (19 x 250 mm) column.
• Mobile phase A was 0.1 % TFA in water/CHaCN (95:5), and mobile phase B was CH3CN; the gradient was from 10 to 90% B in 15 minutes then hold 90% B 3 minutes.
• the injection volume was 10 microL.
• the mass spectrometer was operated in positive and in negative ion mode, the capillary voltage was set up at 2.5
• NMR 1 H-NMR spectra were recorded at a constant temperature of 28°C on a Varian INOVA 400 spectrometer operating at 400.50 MHz and equipped with a 5 mm z-axis PFG Indirect Detection Probe ( 1 H ⁇ 15 N- 31 P ⁇ ).

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