WO2012099152A1

WO2012099152A1 - Rotary tool unit, friction stir welding method, double-skin panel assembly, and friction stir welding method for double-skin panel

Info

Publication number: WO2012099152A1
Application number: PCT/JP2012/050933
Authority: WO
Inventors: 堀　久司; 伸城瀬尾
Original assignee: 日本軽金属株式会社
Priority date: 2011-01-19
Filing date: 2012-01-18
Publication date: 2012-07-26
Also published as: CN103894728B; KR20140029389A; CN103909343A; CN103909343B; CN103894728A; CN103909344B; CN103909344A; CN103476532B; TWI494184B; KR101471319B1; TW201235137A; JP5864446B2; CN103476532A; JPWO2012099152A1

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a rotary tool unit with which welding defects can be prevented when a pair of metal plates is welded together using a bobbin tool. This rotary tool unit is characterized in that it has a cylindrical holder (303) affixed to a chuck part (301), a slide shaft (304), and a bobbin tool (305), with the holder (303) having a pair of elongated holes (311) which oppose each other and penetrate the holder in the axial direction, and the slide shaft (304) having a knock pin (322) that is inserted into the pair of elongated holes (311) and a securing member (323) that secures the knock pin (322) with respect to the slide shaft (304), and the elongated holes (311) are provided extending in the axial direction, with the slide shaft (304) rotating integrally with the holder (303) due to the engagement of the elongated holes (311) and the knock pin (322) and moving in the axial direction within the span of the elongated holes (311).

Description

Rotary tool unit, friction stir welding method, double skin panel assembly and double skin panel friction stir welding method

The present invention relates to a rotary tool unit provided with a bobbin tool, a friction stir welding method using the rotary tool unit, an assembly of double skin panels joined using the rotary tool unit, and a double skin panel using the rotary tool unit The present invention relates to a friction stir welding method.

Conventionally, a bobbin tool is known as a tool for friction stir welding of end faces of metal plates (see Patent Document 1). The bobbin tool includes a pair of shoulders and a screw pin formed between the shoulders. When joining a pair of metal plates, the metal plate is restrained so as not to move, and then a bobbin tool rotated at a high speed from one end side of the metal plate is inserted, and the screw pin is moved along the abutting portion. As a result, the metal around the end faces is frictionally stirred to join the metal plates together. According to the bobbin tool, since the shoulder is also provided on the back side of the metal plate, the backing member disposed on the back side of the metal plate can be usually omitted. In particular, when joining the end portions of the hollow shape members, the work of installing the backing member becomes complicated, so that labor can be greatly reduced.

On the other hand, there is conventionally known a double skin panel configured by overlapping two metal plates. Double skin panels are used as structures such as railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, and civil engineering structures. For example, as described in Patent Document 2, the double skin panel includes an outer plate, an inner plate, and a support plate interposed between the outer plate and the inner plate. In addition, when joining the double skin panels, after forming the double skin panel assembly by abutting the end portions of the outer skins of the adjacent double skin panels and the end portions of the inner plates, a rotating tool is used. It is known that friction stir welding is performed on the abutted portions.

Japanese Patent No. 2712838 JP 2008-272768 A

However, in friction stir welding using a bobbin tool, it is preferable to join the screw pin in the axial direction center and the metal plate height direction center, but the metal plate is deformed by frictional heat. There is. If the metal plate is deformed by frictional heat, the center of the screw pin and the center of the metal plate may not be aligned, resulting in poor bonding.

Also, if the distance between the shoulders of the bobbin tool is larger than the thickness of the metal plate, there is a problem that the metal plasticized by friction stirring tends to overflow to the outside of the shoulder, so that joint defects are likely to occur.

In some cases, the spiral groove is engraved on the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin of the bobbin tool. Depending on the direction of the spiral groove and the range to be engraved, the concave groove formed on the decorative surface of the metal plate after joining may become large. There is a problem that a lot of burrs are generated on the makeup surface.

In addition, since the double skin panel is a thin and long metal member, it is difficult to accurately abut the outer plates and the inner plates of the pair of double skin panels. Further, even if the double skin panel assembly is fixed to be immovable with a jig, there is a problem that the double skin panels are separated from each other when the rotary tool is moved and joined.

From such a point of view, the present invention provides a rotary tool unit and a friction stir welding method capable of suitably joining while suppressing the occurrence of joining defects when joining a pair of metal plates using a bobbin tool. This is the issue. Another object of the present invention is to reduce the burrs generated on the decorative surface of the metal plate or reduce the concave grooves formed on the decorative surface when the spiral groove is engraved on the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin of the bobbin tool. . It is another object of the present invention to provide a double skin panel assembly and a double skin panel friction stir welding method capable of suitably joining a double skin panel.

In order to solve such a problem, the present invention provides a rotary tool unit fixed to a chuck portion of a friction stirrer, a cylindrical holder fixed to the chuck portion, and inserted into the holder. A slide shaft and a bobbin tool attached to the tip of the slide shaft, the holder has a pair of elongated holes that penetrate in the radial direction and face each other, and the slide shaft has the pair of pairs A knock pin that is inserted into the long hole; and a fixing member that fixes the knock pin to the slide shaft, wherein the bobbin tool is fixed to the slide shaft and the first shoulder. A second shoulder that is spaced apart from each other, and a screw pin that connects the first shoulder and the second shoulder, and the elongated hole extends along an axial direction. Id shaft is configured to rotate the holder integrally with the engagement of the said long hole knock pin, thus being moved in the axial direction in the range of the long hole.

According to such a configuration, since the slide shaft to which the bobbin tool is attached moves in the axial direction with respect to the holder, the bobbin tool also moves in the axial direction following the deformation of the metal plate. Thereby, since the position shift of the joining position due to deformation of the metal plate can be prevented, the occurrence of joining defects can be suppressed. Moreover, since the knock pin fixed to the slide shaft is inserted into the pair of long holes of the holder, the movement of the slide shaft can be stabilized.

Further, the slide shaft has a through hole penetrating in the axial direction and a pin hole orthogonal to the through hole, the knock pin is inserted into the pin hole, the fixing member is inserted into the through hole, It is preferable that the tip of the fixing member is in contact with the knock pin.

According to such a configuration, the knock pin can be fixed to the slide shaft with a simple configuration.

In addition, a narrow portion is formed in the center portion of the knock pin than other portions,
The distal end of the fixing member is preferably in contact with the constricted portion.

According to such a configuration, the knock pin can be more reliably fixed.

The bobbin tool includes: a first fastener that fastens one end side of the screw pin and the first shoulder; a second fastener that fastens the other end side of the screw pin and the second shoulder; A first engagement hole extending in the axial direction and having a non-circular cross section is formed in the first shoulder, and extends in the axial direction inside the second shoulder. A second engagement hole having a non-circular cross section is formed, and the screw pin is formed on one end side of a spiral groove portion exposed between the first shoulder and the second shoulder, It is preferable to have a first engagement shaft portion that engages with the first engagement hole, and a second engagement shaft portion that is formed on the other end side and engages with the second engagement hole.

The bobbin tool includes: a first fastener that fastens one end side of the screw pin and the first shoulder; a second fastener that fastens the other end side of the screw pin and the second shoulder; The first shoulder is formed with a first hole extending in the axial direction, and a first screw-engaged accumulation hole communicating with the first hole from the side surface side of the shoulder, Inside the second shoulder, there are formed a second hole extending in the axial direction and a second screw-engaged accumulation hole communicating with the second hole from the side surface side of the shoulder, and the screw pin is A spiral groove portion exposed between the first shoulder and the second shoulder; a first shaft portion formed on one end side and inserted into the first hole; and a flat outer surface of the first shaft portion. The first flat part formed and the other end are formed and inserted into the second hole. And a second flat portion formed flat on the outer peripheral surface of the second shaft portion, and the first engagement from the side surface side of the first shoulder to the first screw engagement hole. A screw is screwed in, the tip of the first locking screw is brought into contact with the first flat portion, a second locking screw is screwed into the second screw locking hole from the side of the second shoulder, It is preferable that the tips of the two locking screws are brought into contact with the second flat portion.

It is necessary to change the distance between shoulders, the depth and pitch of the spiral groove of the screw pin, the winding direction, etc. according to the thickness of the metal plate and the material of the metal plate. Further, since the spiral groove becomes shallow due to wear, it is necessary to replace the screw pin. According to this configuration, the screw pin and the first shoulder and the second shoulder can be integrated so that they cannot rotate with each other, and the first shoulder and the second shoulder can be easily detached from the screw pin. Can do. Thereby, a change and maintenance of a screw pin and each shoulder can be performed easily.

In addition, it is preferable that at least one of the lower surface of the first shoulder and the upper surface of the second shoulder has a concave groove formed in a spiral shape around the axis of the bobbin tool.

According to such a configuration, the friction stirring efficiency can be improved.

Further, the present invention is a friction stir welding method for joining a pair of metal plates using the rotary tool unit according to claim 1, and a butting step of abutting the end faces of the metal plates together A joining step of friction stir welding the end faces by moving a screw pin of the bobbin tool rotated to a butting portion formed by abutting the end faces. In the joining process, When the distance between the shoulder and the second shoulder is set to be equal to or less than the thickness of the metal plate, when the metal plate is deformed by friction stirring and the position of the metal plate is displaced in the axial direction of the bobbin tool, It is preferable that the bobbin tool moves in the axial direction following the displacement.

According to such a method, by setting the distance between the shoulders to be equal to or less than the thickness of the metal plate, it is possible to prevent the metal that has been frictionally stirred and plastically fluidized from overflowing to the outside of the shoulder. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of a joining defect can be suppressed.

When the gap between the end faces is set to 1.00 mm or less, the thickness of the metal plate and the distance between the shoulders are set to 0.2 mm ≦ {(thickness of the metal plate) − (distance between shoulders) } It is preferable to set so that ≦ 0.8 mm.
When the gap between the end faces is set to be greater than 1.00 mm and equal to or less than 1.75 mm, the thickness of the metal plate and the distance between the shoulders are set to 0.4 mm ≦ {(thickness of the metal plate) − ( It is preferable to set the distance between the shoulders)} ≦ 0.8 mm.

According to such a joining method, even if there is a gap between the end faces, the occurrence of joining defects can be suppressed.

Further, a value obtained by dividing a value obtained by squaring the diameter of the surface of the shoulder that contacts the metal plate by a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the screw pin is set to be larger than 2.0. preferable.

According to such a joining method, since a large surface of the shoulder that contacts the metal plate can be secured with respect to the outer diameter of the screw pin, it is possible to surely hold the metal fluidized between the shoulders. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of a joining defect can be suppressed more. If the value obtained by dividing the diameter of the surface of the shoulder that is in contact with the metal plate by the square of the outer diameter of the screw pin is 2.0 or less, the metal tends to overflow and joint defects are likely to occur. .

Further, the value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the screw pin is divided by a value obtained by subtracting a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the screw pin from a value obtained by squaring the diameter of the surface of the shoulder that contacts the metal plate. So that the value obtained by dividing the square of the outer diameter of the screw pin by the product of the outer diameter of the screw pin and the distance between the shoulders is larger than 1.2. It is preferable that it is set.

According to this joining method, the value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the screw pin is a value obtained by subtracting the value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the screw pin from the value obtained by squaring the diameter of the surface of the shoulder that contacts the metal plate. When the divided value is 0.2 or less, the screw pin becomes thin and the tensile strength is insufficient, and it is easy to bend. However, when the value is larger than 0.2, the screw pin is relatively thick and is not easily broken.
Further, it is preferable that a value obtained by dividing a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the screw pin by a product of the outer diameter of the screw pin and the distance between the shoulders is set to be larger than 1.2. . When this value is 1.2 or less, the screw pin becomes thin and the bending strength is insufficient, and it is easy to bend. However, when the value is larger than 1.2, the screw pin is relatively thick and is not easily broken.

Further, in the joining step, when the thickness of the metal plate at the abutted portion is different, the metal plate with the larger thickness of the metal plate is arranged on the left side with respect to the traveling direction of the bobbin tool. In this case, it is preferable to rotate the bobbin tool clockwise.
Further, in the joining step, when the thickness of the metal plate at the abutted portion is different, the metal plate with the larger thickness of the metal plate is arranged on the right side with respect to the traveling direction of the bobbin tool. In this case, it is preferable to rotate the bobbin tool counterclockwise.

In friction agitation, when the rotary tool is rotated to the right, the tool travel direction left side (shear side: side where the rotational speed of the rotary tool is added to the rotational speed of the rotary tool) to the tool travel direction right side (flow side: Since the plasticized metal tends to flow on the side where the moving speed of the rotating tool is subtracted from the rotating speed of the rotating tool), if there is a gap between the metal plates, the metal on the shear side It is thought that the gap is filled. Therefore, when a metal plate having a small thickness is disposed on the shear side, the metal is insufficient and the thickness of the central portion of the plasticized region after joining tends to be small.
However, when the end faces of the metal plates are different from each other, the metal shortage can be compensated by disposing a metal plate with a large metal plate on the shear side, so that the metal plates can be joined more suitably.

In the joining step, the first shoulder and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and the center of the axial direction of the screw pin and the center of the thickness direction of the metal plate are matched, Move the screw pin of the bobbin tool rotated to the right when viewed from the slide shaft side to the abutting part formed by abutting the end faces, and a right-hand screw on the first shoulder side of the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin A spiral groove is formed, and the right-hand spiral groove is preferably formed at a rate of 25% or more with respect to the distance between the first shoulder and the second shoulder.

According to such a joining method, since the right screw on the first shoulder side is formed at a rate of 25% or more, the bobbin tool is pushed to the slide shaft side by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the right screw, and the metal plate It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool from penetrating deeply into the decorative surface. Thereby, it can prevent that a ditch | groove generate | occur | produces in a decorative surface, or even if a ditch | groove is formed, the depth of the ditch | groove can be made small.

Further, it is preferable that a left-handed spiral groove is formed between an end portion of the right-handed spiral groove and the second shoulder on the outer peripheral surface.

According to such a joining method, the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be increased.

In the joining step, the first shoulder and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and the center of the axial direction of the screw pin and the center of the thickness direction of the metal plate are matched, Move the screw pin of the bobbin tool rotated counterclockwise as viewed from the slide shaft side to the abutting part formed by abutting the end faces, and set the left-hand screw on the first shoulder side of the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin. A spiral groove is formed, and the spiral groove of the left screw is formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance between the shoulders.

According to such a joining method, the left shoulder screw on the first shoulder side is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, so that the bobbin tool is pushed to the slide shaft side by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the left screw, and the metal plate It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool from penetrating deeply into the decorative surface. Thereby, it can prevent that a ditch | groove generate | occur | produces in a decorative surface, or even if a ditch | groove is formed, the depth of the ditch | groove can be made small.

Further, it is preferable that a right-handed spiral groove is formed between an end portion of the left-handed spiral groove and the second shoulder on the outer peripheral surface.

In the joining step, the second shoulder and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and the axial center of the screw pin and the center of the metal plate in the plate thickness direction are matched, Move the screw pin of the bobbin tool rotated to the right when viewed from the slide shaft side to the abutting part formed by abutting the end faces, and a left-hand screw on the second shoulder side of the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin It is preferable that a spiral groove is formed, and the spiral groove of the left screw is formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance between the shoulders.

According to such a joining method, since the left screw on the second shoulder side is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, the bobbin tool is pushed to the opposite side of the slide shaft by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the left screw, It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool from penetrating deeply into the decorative surface of the metal plate. Thereby, it can prevent that a ditch | groove generate | occur | produces in a decorative surface, or even if a ditch | groove is formed, the depth of the ditch | groove can be made small.

Further, it is preferable that a right-handed spiral groove is formed between an end portion of the left-handed spiral groove and the first shoulder on the outer peripheral surface.

In the joining step, the second shoulder and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and the axial center of the screw pin and the center of the metal plate in the plate thickness direction are matched, Move the screw pin of the bobbin tool rotated counterclockwise as viewed from the slide shaft side to the abutting part formed by abutting the end faces, and a right-hand screw on the second shoulder side of the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin A spiral groove is formed, and the right-hand spiral groove is formed at a rate of 25% or more with respect to the distance between the shoulders.

According to such a joining method, since the right screw on the second shoulder side is formed at a rate of 25% or more, the bobbin tool is pushed to the opposite side of the slide shaft by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the right screw, It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool from penetrating deeply into the decorative surface of the metal plate. Thereby, it can prevent that a ditch | groove generate | occur | produces in a decorative surface, or even if a ditch | groove is formed, the depth of the ditch | groove can be made small.

Further, it is preferable that a left-handed spiral groove is formed between an end of the right-handed spiral groove and the first shoulder in the outer peripheral surface.

In the joining step, it is preferable to join the metal plate while cooling the decorative surface side.

According to such a joining method, it is possible to further suppress the generation of the groove by suppressing the rise in the temperature of the fluidized metal.

Further, it is an assembly of a pair of double skin panels to be friction stir welded using the rotary tool unit according to claim 1, and is formed at an end portion of an outer plate of one of the double skin panels. The flange portion is engaged with the flange portion formed at the end portion of the outer plate of the other double skin panel, and the end surface formed at the end portion of the inner plate of the one double skin panel and the other double plate. The end face of the inner plate of the skin panel is abutted without being engaged.

According to such a configuration, it is possible to prevent the double skin panels from being separated when they are joined by engaging the flanges of the outer plates. When the collar is provided on the inner plate, it is difficult to abut the double skin panels. However, in the present invention, the inner plate is not provided with the collar and only the end surfaces are abutted. Thereby, the work of the preparation process which abuts a double skin panel can be labor-saving.

Each of the flange portions includes a thin portion extending from the thick portion of the outer plate, and an overhang portion that extends continuously from the thin portion and extends in the plate thickness direction. The parts are preferably engaged with each other.

According to such a configuration, the collar portion can be provided with a simple configuration.

In addition, an overhanging inclined surface is formed on a side portion of the overhanging portion of one of the double skin panels, and the thick wall portion of the other double skin panel is in surface contact with the overhanging inclined surface. It is preferable that a thick inclined surface is formed.

According to such a configuration, since the inclined surfaces can be slid obliquely, the double skin panels can be easily engaged with each other.

Further, when a support plate is interposed between the outer plate and the inner plate, the length from the support plate to the end surface is c (mm) and the thickness of the thick portion is t (mm). , C ≦ 7.0 × t + 18.5 mm is preferably set.

When the distance from the support plate to the end surface is large, the deformation on the end side of the member may be increased. However, according to such a configuration, the deformation on the end side of the member is reduced.

Also, there is provided a friction stir welding method for a double skin panel in which the ends of a pair of double skin panels are friction stir welded using the rotary tool unit according to claim 1, wherein one of the double skin panels The end portion of the inner plate of one of the double skin panels is engaged with the flange portion formed on the end portion of the outer plate of the other double skin panel while engaging the flange portion formed on the end portion of the outer plate of the other double skin panel. A preparatory step for abutting the end surface formed on the other side without engaging the end surface of the inner plate of the other double skin panel, and the engaging portion and the butted butted portion engaged in the preparatory step And a joining step for performing friction stir welding.

According to such a joining method, it is possible to prevent the double skin panels from being separated from each other during joining by engaging the flange portions of the outer plates. When the collar is provided on the inner plate, it is difficult to abut the double skin panels. However, in the present invention, the inner plate is not provided with the collar and only the end surfaces are abutted. Thereby, the work of the preparation process which abuts a double skin panel can be labor-saving.

Moreover, in the joining step, it is preferable to join the butt portion after joining the engaging portion.

There is no problem from the viewpoint of joining strength, whichever of the engaging part and the butting part is joined first, but according to such a method, the angular deformation between the metal plates after joining can be reduced.

According to the rotary tool unit and the friction stir welding method according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of welding defects and to perform welding appropriately. Further, according to the double skin panel assembly and the double skin panel friction stir welding method according to the present invention, the double skin panel can be suitably joined.

It is the side view which showed the friction stirring apparatus which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is II sectional drawing of FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. (A) is sectional drawing of a slide shaft, (b) is a bottom view of a slide shaft, (c) is a side view which shows a knock pin. It is the figure which showed the 1st shoulder concerning 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) is sectional drawing, (b) is a bottom view. It is the figure which showed the 2nd shoulder which concerns on 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) is sectional drawing, (b) is a top view. It is the figure which showed the screw pin which concerns on 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) is a side view, (b) is a top view. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the 1st shoulder which concerns on 1st embodiment, (b) is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the 2nd shoulder which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification concerning 1st embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the friction stirring apparatus and hollow shape material which concern on 2nd embodiment. It is a figure which shows the butt | matching state of a hollow shape material, (a) is before butt | matching, (b) shows after butt | matching. It is a perspective view which shows the friction stirring apparatus which concerns on 2nd embodiment. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 12. It is IV-IV sectional drawing of FIG. It is a side view which shows the bobbin tool which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a figure which shows the friction stir welding method which concerns on 2nd embodiment, Comprising: (a) is a sectional side view, (b) is a VV end view of (a). It is a side view which shows the bobbin tool which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is a sectional side view which shows the friction stir welding method which concerns on 3rd embodiment. (A) shows the 1st modification of the friction stir welding method, (b) shows the 2nd modification of the friction stir welding method. It is the perspective view which showed the double skin panel which concerns on 4th embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed the friction stirring apparatus which concerns on 4th embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed the rotary tool unit which concerns on 4th embodiment. It is the side view which showed the bobbin tool which concerns on 4th embodiment. It is the front view which showed the preparatory process of the friction stir welding method which concerns on 4th embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed the 1st joining process of the friction stir welding method which concerns on 4th embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed the 2nd joining process of the friction stir welding method which concerns on 4th embodiment. It is the front view which showed the modification of the engagement form which concerns on 4th embodiment. 2 is a table showing combinations of test specimens in Example 1. In Example 1, it is a graph which shows the relationship between the clearance gap between the test bodies H1, and the thickness of a junction part. In Example 1, it is a graph which shows the relationship between the clearance gap between the test bodies H3, and the thickness of a junction part. In Example 1, it is a table | surface which shows the relationship between the thickness of a metal plate which affects joining quality, and a clearance gap, Comprising: The case where the thickness of Ad side = thickness of Re side is shown. It is a table | surface which shows the relationship between the thickness of a metal plate which affects joining quality, and a clearance gap, Comprising: The case where the thickness by the side of Ad is changed and the thickness by the side of Re is fixed is shown. It is a table | surface which shows the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate which influences joining quality, and a clearance gap, Comprising: The case where the thickness on the Ad side is fixed and the thickness on the Re side is changed is shown. In Example 1, (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the gap and the thickness of the Cr portion, and (b) is a graph showing the relationship between the gap and the thickness of the Ad portion. In Example 1, (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the gap and the thickness of the Re portion, and (b) is a graph showing the relationship between the gap and the average thickness. In Example 2, it is a table | surface which shows the relationship between the thickness of a metal plate and gap which affects joining quality, Comprising: The case where the thickness of Ad side = thickness of Re side is shown. In Example 1, it is the table | surface which showed the dimension and joining condition of each bobbin tool at the time of fixing the distance between shoulders to 5.8 mm. In Example 2, it is the table | surface which showed the dimension and joining condition of each bobbin tool at the time of fixing the distance between shoulders to 2.8 mm. In a reference example, it is the table | surface which showed the dimension and joining condition of each bobbin tool at the time of fixing the distance between shoulders to 11.5 mm. In Example 3, it is the graph which showed the influence (gap 0mm of butt | matching parts) of the screw ratio which acts on the level | step difference of a metal plate. In Example 3, it is the graph which showed the influence (gap 1.5mm of butt | matching parts) of the screw ratio which acts on the level | step difference of a metal plate. It is a figure which shows the plasticization area | region of the metal plate of the conditions A which concern on Example 3 according to the clearance gap between butt | matching parts. It is a figure which shows the plasticization area | region of the metal plate of the conditions B which concerns on Example 3 according to the clearance gap between butt | matching parts. It is a figure which shows the plasticization area | region of the metal plate of the conditions C which concern on Example 3 according to the clearance gap between butt | matching parts. It is a figure which shows the plasticization area | region of the metal plate of the conditions D based on Example 3 according to the clearance gap between butt | matching parts. It is a figure which shows the plasticization area | region of the metal plate of the conditions E based on Example 3 according to the clearance gap between butt | matching parts. 10 is a table summarizing the results of Example 3. It is the table | surface which put together the concept at the time of rotating a bobbin tool counterclockwise. It is the front view which showed the engagement form or butt | matching form of Example 4, Comprising: (a) is type I, (b) is type II, (c) shows type III. 10 is a graph showing the results of type I angular deformation of Example 4. 10 is a graph showing the results of type II angular deformation of Example 4. 6 is a graph showing the results of type III angular deformation in Example 4. FIG. It is the table | surface which put together the rotation direction of the bobbin tool of Example 4, the winding direction of a spiral groove, and an engagement form. It is a figure for showing Example 6, Comprising: (a) shows a test body, (b) is the table | surface which put together each condition. It is the graph which showed the correlation of board thickness a of Example 6, and length c.

[First embodiment]
A friction stirrer according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the friction stirrer 300 according to this embodiment includes a chuck portion 301 and a rotary tool unit 302 fixed to the chuck portion 301. The friction stirrer 300 is a device that rotates a rotary tool unit 302 fixed to the tip at a high speed around an axis and frictionally stirs a pair of metal plates (not shown).

The chuck portion 301 is fixed to the apparatus main body (not shown) and rotates around the rotation axis C. The chuck portion 301 has a cylindrical shape.

As shown in FIG. 1, the rotary tool unit 302 mainly includes a holder 303, a slide shaft 304, and a bobbin tool 305.

The holder 303 is fixed inside the chuck portion 301 and rotates integrally with the chuck portion 301. The holder 303 has a cylindrical shape. As shown in FIG. 2, the holder 303 has a pair of long holes 311 and a flat surface 312. The long holes 311 pass through the holder 303 in the radial direction and are provided so as to face each other. The long hole 311 extends so that the longitudinal direction thereof is along the rotation axis C direction.

As shown in FIG. 2, the flat surface 312 is provided on a part of the outer peripheral surface of the holder 303, and is a surface that is flat along the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 3, the holder 303 and the chuck portion 301 are fixed via a fixture 313. The fixture 313 is screwed into a thread groove formed in the chuck portion 301, and the tip thereof is in contact with the flat surface 312. As a result, the chuck portion 301 and the holder 303 are integrated and rotate around the rotation axis C.

2, the slide shaft 304 is a member inserted into the holder 303 and rotates around the rotation axis C integrally with the holder 303. The slide shaft 304 includes a slide body 321, a knock pin 322, and a fixing member 323.

As shown in FIG. 4, the slide main body 321 includes a through hole 324 that penetrates in the axial direction and a pin hole 325 that penetrates in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction. The through hole 324 is formed at a position overlapping the rotation axis C of the slide body 321, and has a large diameter portion 324 a from the upper side, a small diameter portion 324 b continuous to the large diameter portion 324 a, and a step between the large diameter portion 324 a and the small diameter portion 324 b. The step portion 324c and the joint portion 324d formed in the above are provided. A screw groove (female screw) is formed in a portion of the small diameter portion 324b above the pin hole 325. The fixing member 323 is screwed into a portion where the screw groove is formed.

A thread groove (female thread) is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the joint 324d. The joint portion 324d is a portion to which a first shoulder 331 described later is screwed. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the pin hole 325 is orthogonal to the small diameter portion 324 b and penetrates the slide main body 321.

As shown in FIG. 4C, the knock pin 322 includes a base shaft portion 322a, a constricted portion 322b, and a tapered portion 322c. The constricted portion 322b is a portion having a smaller diameter than other portions. The tapered portion 322c is formed at both ends of the base shaft portion 322a and tapers toward the end portion.

The fixing member 323 is a member for fixing the knock pin 322 to the slide main body 321. The fixing member 323 is screwed into the small diameter portion 324b, and the tip thereof is in contact with the constricted portion 322b of the knock pin 322. As shown in FIG. 3, a hexagonal groove is formed in the head of the fixing member 323.

As shown in FIG. 2, the slide shaft 304 is inserted into the holder 303 with both ends of the knock pin 322 positioned in the

long holes

311 and 311.

As shown in FIG. 2, the bobbin tool 305 is a member joined to the tip of the slide shaft 304, and includes a first shoulder 331, a second shoulder 341, a screw pin 351, a first fastener 371, and a first fastener 371. It is mainly composed of two fasteners 372. The first shoulder 331 and the second shoulder 341 are spaced apart from each other and are connected by screw pins 351.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the first shoulder 331 includes a first large diameter portion 332, a first small diameter portion 333, and a first hollow portion 334 formed therein. Both the first large diameter portion 332 and the first small diameter portion 333 have a substantially cylindrical shape. The first large diameter portion 332 has a larger outer diameter than the first small diameter portion 333. As shown in FIG. 5B, a concave groove 332 b that is spirally engraved around the rotation axis C is formed on the lower surface 332 a of the first large-diameter portion 332. The cross-sectional shape of the concave groove 332b is semicircular. On the outer peripheral surface of the first small diameter portion 333, a screw groove (male screw) that is screwed into the joint portion 324d of the slide shaft 34 is formed.

The first hollow portion 334 is a portion into which the screw pin 351 is inserted and penetrates in the vertical direction. The first hollow portion 334 includes a first lower hole 335, a first inner hole 336, a first engagement hole 337, a first inner hole 338, and a first upper hole 339 from the lower side. . Each of the first lower hole 335, the first inner hole 336, the first inner hole 338, and the first upper hole 339 has a cylindrical inner space. The inner diameter of the first lower hole 335 is larger than the inner diameter of the first inner hole 336. The inner diameter of the first upper hole 339 is larger than the inner diameter of the first inner hole 338. The first engagement hole 337 has a substantially square columnar internal space. The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first engagement hole 337 is substantially square in the present embodiment, but may be another square shape.

As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the second shoulder 341 includes a second large diameter portion 342, a second small diameter portion 343, and a second hollow portion 344 formed therein. Yes. On the outer peripheral surface of the second large diameter portion 342, a plurality of (three in the present embodiment) concave strips 342a that are recessed inward are formed. On the upper surface 342b of the second large diameter portion 342, a concave groove 342c that is spirally engraved around the rotation axis C is formed. The cross-sectional shape of the concave groove 342c is semicircular.

The second hollow portion 344 is a portion into which the screw pin 351 is inserted and penetrates in the vertical direction. The second hollow portion 344 includes a second upper hole 345, a second inner hole 346, a second engagement hole 347, and a second lower hole 348 from the upper side. Each of the second upper hole 345, the second inner hole 346, and the second lower hole 348 has a cylindrical inner space. The inner diameter of the second upper hole 345 is larger than the inner diameter of the second inner hole 346. The second engagement hole 347 has a substantially square columnar internal space. The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the second engagement hole 347 is substantially square in the present embodiment, but may be another square shape.

The screw pin 351 is a member for connecting the first shoulder 331 and the second shoulder 341 as shown in FIG. As shown to (a) and (b) of FIG. 7, the screw pin 351 is vertically symmetrical, and the spiral groove part 352 is formed in the center. The upper side of the spiral groove 352 is a part inserted into the first shoulder 331, and the lower side is a part inserted into the second shoulder 341. Above the spiral groove 352, a first large-diameter shaft portion 353, a first small-diameter shaft portion 354, a first engagement shaft portion 355, and a first tip shaft portion 356 are provided. Below the spiral groove portion 352, a second large-diameter shaft portion 357, a second small-diameter shaft portion 358, a second engagement shaft portion 359, and a second tip shaft portion 360 are provided.

The spiral groove 352 is a portion that is exposed from between the first shoulder 331 and the second shoulder 341, and is a portion that is inserted into a metal plate (not shown) to be joined. A spiral groove is engraved on the outer peripheral surface of the spiral groove portion 352. In the present embodiment, the spiral groove 352 is engraved with a right-hand thread in the upper half and a left-hand thread in the lower half. What is necessary is just to set suitably the winding direction of the spiral groove engraved in the spiral groove part 352, the ratio of a right screw and a left screw, a cross-sectional shape, etc. with the metal plate to join.

The first large-diameter shaft portion 353 has a cylindrical shape. The outer diameter of the first large-diameter shaft portion 353 is larger than the outer diameter of the spiral groove portion 352. The first large-diameter shaft portion 353 is a portion that is inserted into the first lower hole 335 of the first shoulder 331 shown in FIG.

The first small diameter shaft portion 354 has a cylindrical shape. The outer diameter of the first small diameter shaft portion 354 is smaller than that of the first large diameter shaft portion 353. The first small-diameter shaft portion 354 is a portion that is inserted into the first inner hole 336 of the first shoulder 331 shown in FIG.

The first engagement shaft portion 355 has a quadrangular prism shape. The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first engagement shaft portion 355 is substantially square. The length of the diagonal line related to the horizontal cross section of the first engagement shaft portion 355 is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the first small diameter shaft portion 354. The first engagement shaft portion 355 is a portion that closely engages with the first engagement hole 337 of the first shoulder 331 shown in FIG.

The first tip shaft portion 356 has a cylindrical shape. The outer diameter of the first tip shaft portion 356 is smaller than the length of one side of the horizontal cross section of the first engagement shaft portion 355. A thread groove (male thread) is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the first tip shaft portion 356. The first tip shaft portion 356 is a portion to be inserted into the first inner hole 338 and the first upper hole 339 shown in FIG.

The second large-diameter shaft portion 357 has a cylindrical shape. The outer diameter of the second large-diameter shaft portion 357 is larger than the outer diameter of the spiral groove portion 352. The second large-diameter shaft portion 357 is a portion that is inserted into the second upper hole 345 of the second shoulder 341 shown in FIG.

The second small diameter shaft portion 358 has a cylindrical shape. The outer diameter of the second small diameter shaft portion 358 is smaller than the outer diameter of the second large diameter shaft portion 357. The second small diameter shaft portion 358 is a portion that is inserted into the second inner hole 346 of the second shoulder 341 shown in FIG.

The second engagement shaft portion 359 has a prismatic shape. The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the second engagement shaft portion 359 is substantially square. The length of the diagonal line related to the horizontal cross section of the second engagement shaft portion 359 is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the second small diameter shaft portion 358. The second engagement shaft portion 359 is a portion that is closely engaged with the second engagement hole 347 of the second shoulder 341 shown in FIG.

The second tip shaft portion 360 has a cylindrical shape. The outer diameter of the second tip shaft portion 360 is smaller than the length of one side of the horizontal cross section of the second engagement shaft portion 359. A thread groove (male thread) is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the second tip shaft portion 360. The second tip shaft portion 360 is a portion that is inserted into the second lower hole 348 shown in FIG.

Next, the method for assembling each member will be described. First, a method for assembling the bobbin tool 305 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 5 to 7. The first shoulder 331 is inserted from the first tip shaft portion 356 of the screw pin 351, and the first engagement shaft portion 355 and the first engagement hole 337 are engaged. Then, the first tip shaft portion 356 is fastened with the first fastener 371 in the first upper hole 339.

Meanwhile, the second shoulder 341 is inserted from the second tip shaft portion 360 of the screw pin 351, and the second engagement shaft portion 359 and the second engagement hole 347 are engaged. Then, the second tip shaft portion 360 is fastened with the second fastener 372 on the lower surface of the second shoulder 341. Since the first engagement hole 337 and the first engagement shaft portion 355, and the second engagement hole 347 and the second engagement shaft portion 359 are prismatic (planar in plan view), they engage with each other without idling. Is done.

After the bobbin tool 305 is assembled, the slide shaft 304 and the bobbin tool 305 are joined by screwing the first small diameter portion 333 of the first shoulder 331 into the joint 324d of the slide shaft 304.

Next, while inserting the slide shaft 304 into the holder 303, the

long holes

311, 311 and the pin hole 325 are communicated to insert the knock pin 322. Then, the fixing member 323 is inserted into the through hole 324 of the slide body 321 and the fixing member 323 is fastened with a hexagon wrench (not shown).

Finally, the holder 303 and the chuck part 301 are fixed by the fixture 313 while the holder 303 is inserted into the chuck part 301.

According to the rotary tool unit 302 described above, since the slide shaft 304 to which the bobbin tool 305 is attached moves in the axial direction with respect to the holder 303, the bobbin tool 305 also moves in the axial direction following the deformation of the metal plate. Moving. Thereby, since the position shift of the joining position due to deformation of the metal plate can be prevented, the occurrence of joining defects can be suppressed. Further, since the knock pins 322 fixed to the slide shaft 304 are inserted into the pair of long holes 311 of the holder 303, the movement of the slide shaft 304 can be stabilized.

Further, the slide shaft 304 of the present embodiment has a through hole 324 that penetrates in the axial direction and a pin hole 325 that is orthogonal to the through hole 324 and into which the knock pin 322 is inserted, and the fixing member 323 is inserted into the through hole 324. The tip is in contact with the knock pin 322. Further, a constricted portion 322b that is narrower than other portions is formed at the center of the knock pin 322, and the tip of the fixing member 323 is in contact with the constricted portion 322b. Thereby, the knock pin 322 can be reliably fixed to the slide shaft 304 with a simple configuration.

In addition, according to the present embodiment, the first small diameter portion 333 of the first shoulder 331 is screwed into or released from the joint portion 324d formed at the tip of the slide shaft 304 so that it can be attached and detached. As a result, the bobbin tool 305 can be easily replaced and maintained.

Also, the bobbin tool 305 needs to change the distance between the first shoulder 331 and the second shoulder 341 and the thickness of the screw pin 351 depending on the thickness and type of the metal plate to be joined. Further, it is necessary to replace the first shoulder 331, the second shoulder 341, and the screw pin 351 due to wear. According to this embodiment, since the first shoulder 331 and the second shoulder 341 of the bobbin tool 305 can be easily attached to and detached from the screw pin 351, replacement and maintenance of each member can be easily performed. Can do.

Further, on the lower surface 332a of the first shoulder 331 and the upper surface 342b of the second shoulder 341, a concave groove 332b and a concave groove 342c that are spirally formed around the rotation axis C of the bobbin tool 305 are formed. Thereby, friction stirring efficiency can be improved.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, design changes can be made as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the concave grooves provided on the lower surface 331a of the first shoulder 331 and the upper surface 341b of the second shoulder 341 may be provided only in either one or may be omitted.

Further, the shapes of the first engagement hole 337 and the first engagement shaft portion 355 and the second engagement hole 347 and the second engagement shaft portion 359 are such that the engagement shaft portion cannot rotate with respect to the engagement hole. Any shape can be used. For example, a key may be formed in one of the engagement hole and the engagement shaft portion, and a key groove may be formed in the other.

8A is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the first shoulder according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the second shoulder according to the first embodiment. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the modification according to the first embodiment is different from the above-described embodiment in that a first locking screw 473 and a second locking screw 474 are used. The modified bobbin tool 405 includes a first shoulder 431, a second shoulder 441, a screw pin 451, a first fastener 471, a second fastener 472, a first locking screw 473, and a second locking screw. It is mainly composed of screws 474.

As shown in FIG. 8A, the first shoulder 431 includes a first large-diameter portion 432, a first small-diameter portion 433, a first hollow portion 434 formed inside, and a first screw engagement accumulation hole 438. And. The first large diameter portion 432 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and the lower end side is tapered toward the tip. The first small diameter portion 433 has a cylindrical shape. The outer diameter of the first small diameter portion 433 is smaller than the outer diameter of the first large diameter portion 432. On the outer peripheral surface of the first small-diameter portion 433, a thread groove (male screw) that is screwed into the joint portion 324d of the slide shaft 304 is formed. In addition, you may provide a ditch | groove in the lower surface 432a of the 1st large diameter part 432. FIG.

The first hollow portion 434 is a portion into which the screw pin 451 is inserted and penetrates in the vertical direction. The first hollow portion 434 includes a first lower hole 435, a first inner hole 436, and a first upper hole 437 from the lower side. The first lower hole 435 is a portion corresponding to the “first hole” in the claims. Each of the first lower hole 435, the first inner hole 436, and the first upper hole 437 has a cylindrical inner space. The inner diameters of the first inner hole 436, the first lower hole 435, and the first upper hole 437 increase in order.

The first screw engagement hole 438 extends from the side surface of the first large diameter portion 432 in the direction of the rotation axis C, and communicates with the first lower hole 435. A thread groove (female thread) is formed on the rotation axis C side of the first screw engagement hole 438.

As shown in FIG. 8B, the second shoulder 441 includes a second main body portion 442, a second hollow portion 444 formed therein, and a second screw engagement accumulation hole 447. On the outer peripheral surface of the second main body portion 442, a plurality of (four in this embodiment) concave strips 442a that are recessed inward are formed. In addition, you may provide a ditch | groove in the upper surface 442b of the 2nd main-body part 442. FIG.

The second hollow portion 444 is a portion into which the screw pin 451 is inserted, and penetrates in the vertical direction. The second hollow portion 444 includes a second upper hole 445 and a second lower hole 446 from the upper side. The second upper hole 445 is a portion corresponding to the “second hole” in the claims. Each of the second upper hole 445 and the second lower hole 446 has a cylindrical inner space. The inner diameter of the second upper hole 445 is larger than the inner diameter of the second lower hole 446.

The second screw engagement hole 447 extends from the side surface of the second main body 442 in the direction of the rotation axis C, and communicates with the second upper hole 445. A thread groove (female thread) is formed on the rotation axis C side of the second screw engagement hole 447.

As shown in FIG. 9, the screw pin 451 is vertically symmetrical, and a spiral groove 452 is formed at the center thereof. The spiral groove portion 452 is a portion exposed from between the first shoulder 431 and the second shoulder 441. Above the spiral groove 452, a first large-diameter shaft portion 453 and a first small-diameter shaft portion 454 are provided. Below the spiral groove 452, a second large-diameter shaft portion 455 and a second small-diameter shaft portion 456 are provided.

The first large-diameter shaft portion 453 and the first small-diameter shaft portion 454 both have a substantially cylindrical shape. The outer diameter of the first large-diameter shaft portion 453 is larger than the outer diameter of the first small-diameter shaft portion 454. The first large-diameter shaft portion 453 is a portion that is inserted into the first lower hole 435 shown in FIG. A first flat portion 453 a that is a flat surface is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the first large-diameter shaft portion 453. The first large-diameter shaft portion 453 is a portion corresponding to the “first shaft portion” in the claims. The first small diameter shaft portion 454 is a portion that is inserted into the first inner hole 436 and the first upper hole 437. A thread groove (male thread) is formed at the tip of the first small diameter shaft portion 454.

The second large-diameter shaft portion 455 and the second small-diameter shaft portion 456 both have a substantially cylindrical shape. The outer diameter of the second large diameter shaft portion 455 is larger than the outer diameter of the second small diameter shaft portion 456. The second large-diameter shaft portion 455 is a portion that is inserted into the second upper hole 445 shown in FIG. A second flat portion 455a that is a flat surface is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the second large-diameter shaft portion 455. The second large-diameter shaft portion 455 is a portion corresponding to the “second shaft portion” in the claims. The second small diameter shaft portion 456 is a portion that is inserted into the second lower hole 446. A thread groove (male thread) is formed at the tip of the second small diameter shaft portion 456.

Next, a method for assembling the bobbin tool 405 according to the modification will be described. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, first, the first shoulder 431 is inserted into the first large-diameter shaft portion 453 and the first small-diameter shaft portion 454 of the screw pin 451. Then, the front end of the first locking screw 473 is brought into contact with the first flat portion 453a of the first large-diameter shaft portion 453 while the first locking screw 473 is screwed into the first screw engagement hole 438. Then, the first fastener 471 is fastened to the first small diameter shaft portion 454.

Meanwhile, the second shoulder 441 is inserted into the second large diameter shaft portion 455 and the second small diameter shaft portion 456 of the screw pin 451. Then, the tip of the second locking screw 474 is brought into contact with the second flat portion 455a of the second large-diameter shaft portion 455 while the second locking screw 474 is screwed into the second screw engaging hole 447. Then, the second fastener 472 is fastened to the second small diameter shaft portion 456.

When the bobbin tool 405 is assembled, the first small diameter portion 433 of the first shoulder 431 is screwed into the joint portion 324d of the slide shaft 304 to join the slide shaft 304 and the bobbin tool 405.

As described above, even in the modified example, it is possible to achieve substantially the same effect as the above-described embodiment. Further, when the screw pin 451 is integrated with the first shoulder 431 and the second shoulder 441, the first locking screw 473 and the second locking screw 474 are screwed together and their tips and the first flat portion 453a. The relative rotation between the screw pin 451, the first shoulder 431, and the second shoulder 441 can be easily limited by bringing the second flat portion 455a into contact with each other. Moreover, it can be easily disassembled only by releasing the first locking screw 473 and the second locking screw 474. This facilitates parts replacement and maintenance.

In the modified example, the first shoulder 431 and the second shoulder 441 are provided with an engagement hole having a non-circular cross section in the plane, and an engagement shaft portion having a columnar shape is formed on a part of the shaft portion of the screw pin 451. The engagement hole and the engagement shaft portion may be engaged with each other. Thereby, the relative rotation of the screw pin 451, the first shoulder 431, and the second shoulder 441 can be more reliably limited.

[Second Embodiment]
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 10, the friction stirrer 1 according to the present embodiment is a device for friction stir welding the butted portions N of a pair of butted metal plates. A bobbin tool 5 is attached to the tip of the friction stirrer 1. First, a pair of metal plates to be joined will be described. The up, down, front, back, left and right in the description follow the arrows in FIG.

<Hollow profile>
As shown to (a) of FIG. 11, this embodiment illustrates the case where the hollow shape member 100A and the hollow shape member 100B are joined. The hollow shape member 100A is an extruded shape member made of an aluminum alloy, and is a long member having a hollow portion 100a having a rectangular cross-sectional view. The hollow shape member 100A includes a main body portion 101 having a hollow portion 100a, and plate-

like end portions

102 and 103 projecting from the upper and lower ends of the left side surface of the main body portion 101 to the left side (hollow shape member 100B side).

The main body 101 is composed of four

face materials

104, 105, 106, and 107, and is formed in a rectangular shape in sectional view. The plate-

like end portions

102 and 103 have a plate shape and are perpendicular to the face material 105. The length in the left-right direction of the plate-

like end portions

102 and 103 is about half that of the face material 104. Further, the plate-

like end portions

102 and 103 have the same thickness as the

face materials

104, 105, 106 and 107. The plate-

like end portions

102 and 103 are portions corresponding to the “metal plate” in the claims.

The hollow shape member 100B is a metal member having a shape equivalent to that of the hollow shape member 100A. The hollow shape member 100B is denoted by the same reference numeral as the hollow shape member 100A, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

When the hollow shape member 100A and the hollow shape member 100B are brought into contact with each other, the plate-

like end portions

102 and 103 of the hollow shape member 100A and the

hollow shapes

100B and 102B are brought into contact with each other. More specifically, the end surface 102a of the plate-like end portion 102 of the hollow shape member 100A and the end surface 102a of the plate-like end portion 102 of the hollow shape member 100B are abutted with each other, and the end surface 103a of the plate-like end portion 103 of the hollow shape member 100A. And the end face 103a of the plate-like end portion 103 of the hollow shape member 100B are brought into contact with each other. As shown in FIG. 11B, when the hollow shape member 100A and the hollow shape member 100B are brought into contact with each other, the centers of the

end surfaces

102a and 102a in the height direction are overlapped with each other, and the upper surfaces of the plate-

like end portions

102 and 102 are overlapped. And the bottom surface are flush with each other.

As shown in FIG. 11 (b), the portion where the end faces 102a and 102a and the end faces 103a and 103a are abutted is referred to as a “butting portion N”. When joining the butt portion N, it is preferable that the end faces 102a and 102a are in close contact with each other, but the plate-

like end portions

102 and 102 are deformed due to tolerances of the

hollow shape members

100A and 100B and frictional heat at the time of joining. However, a minute gap may be formed between the end faces 102a and 102a. The abutting portion N is a concept including a case where a minute gap is generated in the end faces 102a and 102a.

In addition, in this embodiment, the plate-shaped end portion of the hollow shape material is illustrated as an object to be joined, but the object to be joined is formed of a metal capable of friction stir, and is particularly a member that exhibits a plate shape. It is not limited.

<Friction stirrer>
As shown in FIG. 12, the friction stirrer 1 is mainly composed of a chuck portion 1a and a rotary tool unit 2 fixed inside the chuck portion 1a. As shown in FIG. 13, the chuck portion 1a is a cylindrical member having a flange, and is connected to the main body D of the friction stirrer 1 by a bolt B1. The chuck part 1 a is a part that rotates around the axis by the rotational drive of the friction stirrer 1. A cylindrical surface 1b is formed on the inner periphery of the chuck portion 1a.

The rotary tool unit 2 is composed of a holder 3, a slide shaft 4, and a bobbin tool 5, as shown in FIG. The rotary tool unit 2 can be attached to and detached from the chuck portion 1a.

The holder 3 is a member that contains the slide shaft 4 and is fixed inside the chuck portion 1a. The holder 3 has a cylindrical shape. On the outer surface of the holder 3, a flat surface 3 a that extends flatly in the vertical direction is formed, so that a fine gap is formed between the cylindrical surface 1 b and the flat surface 3 a. The bolts 2B and 2B are fastened in the radial direction from the outer surface of the chuck portion 1a, and their tips are in contact with the flat surface 3a. Thereby, the chuck | zipper part 1a and the holder 3 rotate integrally. Further, as shown in FIG. 14, the holder 3 is formed with an elongated key groove 3 b penetrating in the radial direction.

As shown in FIG. 13, the slide shaft 4 has a cylindrical shape and is a member disposed in the hollow portion of the holder 3. The slide shaft 4 is movable in the vertical direction with respect to the holder 3. As shown in FIG. 14, a key 4 a that protrudes outward is formed on the outer surface of the slide shaft 4. When the key 4a is engaged with the key groove 3b, the holder 3 and the slide shaft 4 rotate integrally.

As shown in FIG. 15, the bobbin tool 5 is made of, for example, tool steel and is connected to the slide shaft 4. The bobbin tool 5 rotates forward and backward integrally with the chuck portion 1a, the holder 3, and the slide shaft 4. The bobbin tool 5 includes a first shoulder 11, a second shoulder 12 disposed below the first shoulder 11, and a screw pin 13 that connects the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12. Have.

The first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12 have a cylindrical shape and have the same outer diameter. The screw pin 13 has a cylindrical shape and connects the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12. The screw pin 13 passes through the second shoulder 12. The screw pin 13 passing through the second shoulder 12 is fastened with a nut at the lower end of the second shoulder 12. On the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin 13, an upper spiral groove 13a and a lower spiral groove 13b are formed. The directions of the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b are engraved so as to be wound in opposite directions.

The upper spiral groove 13a is carved from the lower end of the first shoulder 11 to an intermediate position in the height direction of the screw pin 13. In this embodiment, in order to rotate the bobbin tool 5 to the right, the upper spiral groove 13a is formed with a right screw. That is, the upper spiral groove 13a is engraved so as to be wound clockwise from top to bottom.

On the other hand, the lower spiral groove 13b is carved from the upper end of the second shoulder 12 to an intermediate position in the height direction of the screw pin 13. In this embodiment, in order to rotate the bobbin tool 5 to the right, the lower spiral groove 13b is formed with a left screw. That is, the lower spiral groove 13b is engraved so as to be wound counterclockwise from the top to the bottom.

By forming the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b in this manner, the metal that has been friction-stirred and plastically fluidized is slightly increased from the central portion of the plate-shaped end portion 102 toward the upper end direction or the lower end direction. It is supposed to move. Note that the movement of the metal in the vertical direction stops in a minute amount compared to the movement of the metal in the circumferential direction due to the rotation of the screw pin 13 of the bobbin tool 5.

The winding direction of the spiral groove and the ratio of engraving may be appropriately set according to the positional relationship between the decorative surface of the metal plate to be joined and the bobbin tool 5, the rotation direction of the bobbin tool, and the like. In the present embodiment, both the right and left spiral grooves are engraved on the screw pin 13, but for example, all the right thread spiral grooves may be engraved on the screw pin 13. However, all may be provided with a left-handed spiral groove. In this embodiment, the first shoulder 11 side is a right-hand thread and the second shoulder 12 side is a left-hand thread, but the first shoulder 11 side may be a left-hand thread and the second shoulder 12 side may be a right-hand thread. .

As shown in FIG. 15, the distance Z between shoulders of the bobbin tool 5 (the length of the exposed portion of the screw pin 13) is equal to or more than the thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 of the hollow shape member 100A. It is preferable that it is small. For example, in the present embodiment, the distance Z between shoulders is 0.2 mm smaller than the thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 of the hollow shape member 100A.

When the gap between the end faces 102a and 102a of the butt portion N (see FIG. 11B) can be set to 0.75 mm or less, the thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 is equal to the distance Z between the shoulders, In other words, even if TZ = 0 is set, the bonding state can be improved.

Further, when the gap between the end faces 102a, 102a of the abutting portion N can be set to 1.00 mm or less, the thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to 0.2 mm ≦ TZ−0. It is preferable to set the distance to 8 mm.

Further, when the gap between the end faces 102a, 102a of the butt portion N can be set larger than 1.00 and 1.75 mm or less, the thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to 0.4 mm ≦ It is preferable to set so that TZ ≦ 0.8 mm.

The bobbin tool 5 is a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12 (the diameter of the surface in contact with the plate-like end portion 102) and the outer diameter Y of the screw pin 13. It is preferable to set so that the divided value is larger than 2.0. According to the bobbin tool 5, since the amount of material discharged as burrs can be suppressed by the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12, the occurrence of joint defects can be reduced.

Further, the bobbin tool 5 is a value obtained by squaring the value obtained by squaring the outer diameter Y of the screw pin 13 and the outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12 (the diameter of the surface contacting the plate-like end portion 102). It is preferable that a value obtained by dividing a value obtained by subtracting a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter Y of the screw pin 13 to be larger than 0.2 is set. According to the bobbin tool 5, since the tensile strength of the screw pin against the material resistance generated in the tool axis direction at the time of joining can be sufficiently ensured, the screw pin 13 can be prevented from being damaged.

Further, the bobbin tool 5 is set so that a value obtained by dividing the square of the outer diameter Y of the screw pin 13 by the product of the outer diameter Y of the screw pin 13 and the distance Z between the shoulders is larger than 1.2. It is preferable. According to the bobbin tool 5, since the bending force of the screw pin against the material resistance that flows in the direction opposite to the tool traveling direction during joining can be sufficiently secured, the screw pin 13 can be prevented from being damaged. These grounds are described in the examples.

Here, when friction stir welding is performed, the temperature of the plate-

like end portions

102 and 102 increases due to frictional heat, and the plate-

like end portions

102 and 102 may warp upward or downward. In the friction stirrer 1 according to the present embodiment, since the slide shaft 4 is formed to be movable with respect to the holder 3, when the plate-like end portion 102 warps upward, for example, the bobbin follows the warpage. The tool 5 is configured to move upward by a predetermined distance. On the other hand, when the plate-like end portion 102 warps downward, the bobbin tool 5 is configured to move downward by a predetermined distance following the warpage. Thereby, the position shift of the bobbin tool 5 with respect to the metal plate during friction stir welding can be suppressed.

Next, a joining method using the bobbin tool 5 of the second embodiment will be described.
In the joining method of the second embodiment, joining is performed by rotating the bobbin tool 5 to the right. Specifically, in this joining method, a butting process for butting the hollow members together and a joining process for inserting the bobbin tool 5 into the butting part N are performed. Here, the surface Sa is set as a decorative surface.

In the abutting step, as shown in FIG. 11, the hollow shape member 100A and the hollow shape member 100B are opposed to each other at the plate-like end portions 102, and the

end surfaces

102a, 102a and the

end surfaces

103a, 103a are brought into surface contact. More specifically, surface contact is made so that the midpoint of one end face 102a and the midpoint of the other end face 102a overlap. In addition, after abutting, temporary attachment may be performed by welding or the like along the abutting portion N so that the

hollow shape members

100A and 100B are not separated from each other. When the hollow shape member 100A and the hollow shape member 100B are brought into contact with each other, they are restrained so as not to move.

In the joining process, first, the center 13c of the screw pin 13 is positioned outside the butted portion N so as to overlap the center Nc of the butted portion N. Then, as shown in FIG. 16, the bobbin tool 5 rotated to the right is moved along the abutting portion N. When the bobbin tool 5 is inserted into the abutting portion N, the metal around the screw pin 13 is frictionally stirred by the screw pin 13 that rotates at high speed, and the plate-like end portions 102 are integrated. A plasticized region W is formed in the locus of the screw pin 13.

According to the joining method according to the present embodiment described above, even if the plate-like end portions (metal plates) 102 and 102 are warped by the frictional heat of friction stir welding, the bobbin tool 5 follows the warpage in the vertical direction. It is possible to move smoothly. Thereby, it can suppress that the height position of the center 13c of the screw pin 13 and the center Nc of the butt | matching part N shift | deviates. Thereby, it can prevent that a joining position shifts | deviates.

Further, as in this embodiment, by setting the distance Z between the shoulders of the bobbin tool 5 to be equal to or less than the thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102, the plastic fluidized metal can be pressed, and the plastic flow is caused by friction stirring. It is possible to prevent the converted metal from overflowing to the outside of the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of a joining defect can be suppressed. Note that if the value of TZ exceeds 0.8, the load on the friction stirrer 1 increases, which is inappropriate.

In addition, according to the joining method, the metal that has been frictionally stirred and fluidized is guided to the upper spiral groove 13 a of the right screw of the screw pin 13 and the lower spiral groove 13 b of the left screw, and the center of the plate-like end portion 102. It moves from Nc to the front surface Sa side and the back surface Sb side, respectively. Since the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, the bobbin tool 5 is pushed toward the slide shaft 4 (upward) with respect to the plate-like end portion 102 by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove. , It is possible to prevent the surface (decorative surface) Sa from entering deeply. Thereby, it can prevent that the ditch | groove V generate | occur | produces in a decorative surface, or even if the ditch | groove V is formed, the depth of the ditch | groove V can be made small. By preventing the generation of the concave groove V or reducing the concave groove V, the finishing process for smoothing the surface (decorative surface) Sa is facilitated.

In the second embodiment, since the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b is 50:50, as shown in FIG. can do. Thereby, position shift with the center 13c of the screw pin 13 and the center Nc of the butting | matching part N can be prevented more. Moreover, since the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b are formed, the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be increased.

The joining process is preferably performed while cooling the surface (decorative surface) Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 with a cooling device capable of supplying, for example, a cooled gas or liquid. Thereby, deformation of the plate-like end portion 102 can be suppressed and the joining accuracy can be improved. In addition, you may join, cooling the back surface Sb side of the plate-shaped edge part 102. FIG.

Further, even if the rotary tool unit 302 of the first embodiment is used instead of the rotary tool unit 2 of the second embodiment, substantially the same effect as that of the second embodiment can be obtained.

[Third embodiment]
In the joining method according to the third embodiment, the configuration and rotation direction of the spiral groove of the bobbin tool are different from those of the second embodiment. In the description of the third embodiment, a detailed description of points common to the second embodiment is omitted.

FIG. 17 is a side view showing the bobbin tool according to the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 17, on the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin 13 of the bobbin tool 5A according to the third embodiment, an upper spiral groove 13a of a left screw formed in the upper half and a right screw formed in the lower half. A lower spiral groove 13b is engraved. That is, the upper spiral groove 13a is engraved so as to be wound counterclockwise from top to bottom, and the lower spiral groove 13b is engraved so as to be wound clockwise from top to bottom. Has been.

The distance between shoulders of the bobbin tool 5A (the length of the exposed portion of the screw pin 13) Z is preferably equal to or less than the plate thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 of the hollow shape member 100A. For example, in the present embodiment, the distance Z between shoulders is 0.4 mm smaller than the plate thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 of the hollow shape member 100A.

Next, a joining method using the bobbin tool 5A of the third embodiment will be described.
In the joining method of the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 18, the bobbin tool 5A is rotated to the left to perform joining. Specifically, in this joining method, a butting process for butting the hollow members together and a joining process for inserting the bobbin tool 5A into the butting part N are performed. Here, the surface Sa is set as a decorative surface. Since the matching process is the same as that of the second embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

In the joining step, the center 13c of the screw pin 13 is positioned outside the butt portion N so as to overlap the center Nc of the butt portion N. Then, as shown in FIG. 18, the bobbin tool 5 </ b> A rotated to the left is moved along the abutting portion N. When the bobbin tool 5A is inserted into the abutting portion N, the metal around the screw pin 13 is frictionally stirred by the screw pin 13 rotating at high speed, and the plate-like end portions 102 are integrated. A plasticized region W is formed in the locus of the screw pin 13.

According to this joining method, the friction stir and fluidized metal is led to the upper spiral groove 13a of the left screw of the screw pin 13 and the lower spiral groove 13b of the right screw, and the center Nc of the plate-like end portion 102 is obtained. To the front surface Sa side and the back surface Sb side. Since the upper spiral groove 13a of the left screw is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, the bobbin tool 5A is pushed toward the slide shaft 4 (upward) with respect to the plate-like end portion 102 by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove. , It is possible to prevent the surface (decorative surface) Sa from entering deeply. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the formation of the concave groove V on the surface (decorative surface) Sa, or even if the concave groove V is formed, the depth of the concave groove V can be reduced.

In the third embodiment, since the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b is 50:50, the amount of metal to be moved can be made uniform. Thereby, position shift with the center 13c of the screw pin 13 and the center Nc of the butting | matching part N can be prevented more. Moreover, since the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b are formed, the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be increased.

<First modification>
As shown in FIG. 19A, the first modified example is different from the above-described embodiment in that the thickness of the plate-like end portion 102A and the plate-like end portion 102B is different. The thickness T1 of the plate-like end portion 102B is larger than the thickness T2 of the plate-like end portion 102A. In the first modification, the midpoint in the height direction of the plate-like end portion 102A and the midpoint in the height direction of the plate-like end portion 102B are abutted so as to overlap each other.

In the joining step according to the first modified example, the bobbin tool 5 is rotated to the right, and the plate-like end portion 102B (metal plate) having the larger thickness of the butted portion N of the plate-like end portion 102B is moved in the traveling direction. And place it on the left side.

In friction agitation, when the rotary tool is rotated to the right, the tool travel direction left side (shear side: side where the rotational speed of the rotary tool is added to the rotational speed of the rotary tool) to the tool travel direction right side (flow side: Since the plasticized metal tends to flow on the side where the moving speed of the rotating tool is subtracted from the rotating speed of the rotating tool), if there is a gap between the metal plates, the metal on the shear side It is thought that the gap is filled. Therefore, when the thickness of the metal plate on the shear side is small, the metal is insufficient and the thickness of the central portion of the plasticized region after joining tends to be small. By the way, when the rotating tool is rotated counterclockwise, the right side of the tool traveling direction is the shear side and the left side is the flow side.

In the first modified example, the thickness T1 of the plate-like end portion 102B corresponding to the shear side is made larger than the thickness T2 of the plate-like end portion 102A, thereby eliminating the shortage of metal in the central portion of the plasticized region W. It can join more suitably.

<Second modification>
As shown in FIG. 19B, the second modified example is different from the above-described embodiment in that the plate-like end portion 102C and the plate-like end portion 102D have different thicknesses. The thickness T1 of the plate-like end portion 102C is larger than the thickness T2 of the plate-like end portion 102D. In the second modification, the midpoint in the height direction of the plate-like end portion 102C and the midpoint in the height direction of the plate-like end portion 102D are abutted so as to overlap each other.

In the joining step according to the second modification, the bobbin tool 5 is rotated counterclockwise so that the plate-like end portion 102C (metal plate) having the larger thickness of the butted portion N of the plate-like end portion 102C is moved in the traveling direction. To the right.

In the second modified example, the thickness T1 of the plate-like end portion 102C corresponding to the shear side is made larger than the thickness T2 of the plate-shaped end portion 102D by the same principle as in the first modified example. The shortage of the metal in the central portion can be solved and the bonding can be performed more suitably.

[Fourth embodiment]
A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. The case where a double skin panel is joined is illustrated in 4th embodiment. The vertical and horizontal directions in the description of the present embodiment follow the arrows in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 20, the double skin panel 201 is a thin metal long member, and is mainly composed of an outer plate 202, an inner plate 203, and

support plates

204 and 204. Each support plate 204 is perpendicular to the outer plate 202 and the inner plate 203. The double skin panel 201 is used as a structure such as a railway vehicle, an aircraft, a ship, and a civil engineering structure by joining a plurality of double skin panels 201 in the left-right direction. Although the manufacturing method of the double skin panel 201 is not particularly limited, in the present embodiment, it is formed by extrusion. The material of the double skin panel 201 is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal capable of friction stirring, but in this embodiment, an aluminum alloy is used.

The outer plate 202 includes a central portion 205, a right plate-like end portion 210 extending rightward from the central portion 205, and a left-side plate-like end portion 220 extending leftward from the central portion 205. .

The right side plate-like end portion 210 includes a first outer plate thick portion 211, a first flange portion 212, and a first build-up portion 213. The first outer plate thick portion 211 is perpendicular to the support plate 204 and extends to the right side. The first brim part 212 has a bowl shape, and includes a first thin part 214 extending to the right side and a first overhanging part 215 projecting perpendicularly from the first thin part 214. The first thin portion 214 is about one third of the thickness of the first outer plate thick portion 211.

The first overhanging portion 215 overhangs from the tip of the first thin portion 214 toward the inner plate 203 side. A first projecting inclined surface 216 is formed on the side of the first projecting portion 215 so as to be closer to the support plate 204 toward the inner plate 203 side. The first build-up portion 213 is a portion formed to protrude thickly from the upper surfaces of the first outer plate thick portion 211, the first thin portion 214, and the first overhang portion 215 and to be thick.

The left side plate-like end portion 220 is mainly composed of a second outer plate thick portion 221, a second flange portion 222, and a second build-up portion 223. The second outer plate thick portion 221 is perpendicular to the support plate 204 and extends to the left side. The second flange portion 222 has a hook shape, and includes a second thin portion 224 that extends to the left side and a second overhang portion 225 that extends perpendicularly to the second thin portion 224. Yes. The second thin portion 224 is about one third of the thickness of the second outer plate thick portion 221.

The second projecting portion 225 projects from the tip of the second thin portion 224 toward the side opposite to the inner plate 203. A second thick portion inclined surface 226 is formed at the left end of the second outer plate thick portion 221 so as to be inclined away from the support plate 204 toward the inner plate 203 side. The second thick part inclined surface 226 has the same inclination angle as the first projecting inclined surface 216. The second build-up portion 223 is a portion that protrudes upward from the upper surface of the second outer plate thick portion 221 with a certain thickness and is formed thick.

The inner plate 203 includes a central portion 206, a right plate-like end portion 230 extending to the right from the central portion 206, and a left-side plate-like end portion 240 extending to the left from the central portion 206. .

The right side plate-like end portion 230 includes a first inner plate thick portion 231, a first build-up portion 232, and a first end surface 233. The first inner plate thick portion 231 is perpendicular to the support plate 204 and extends to the right side. The first built-up portion 232 is a portion that protrudes downward from the lower surface on the distal end side of the first inner plate thick portion 231 and is thick.

The left side plate-like end portion 240 is composed of a second inner plate thick portion 241, a second built-up portion 242, and a second end surface 243. The second inner plate thick portion 241 is perpendicular to the support plate 204 and extends to the left side. The second build-up portion 242 is a portion that protrudes downward from the lower surface on the distal end side of the second inner plate thick portion 241 and is thick.

Next, the friction stirrer used in this embodiment will be described. As shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the friction stirrer 261 includes a chuck portion 261a and a rotary tool unit 262 fixed to the chuck portion 261a. The chuck portion 261a is joined to the main body (not shown) of the friction stirrer 261 with a bolt as in the second embodiment.

The rotary tool unit 262 includes a holder 263, a slide shaft 264, and a bobbin tool 265.

As shown in FIG. 22, the holder 263 is a member that includes the slide shaft 264 and is attached to the inside of the chuck portion 261a. The holder 263 has a cylindrical shape. The holder 263 is formed with an elongated key groove 263b penetrating in the radial direction.

The slide shaft 264 is a member that has a cylindrical shape and is inserted into the hollow portion of the holder 263 as shown in FIG. The slide shaft 264 is movable in the vertical direction with respect to the holder 263. A key 264 a that protrudes outward is formed on the outer surface of the slide shaft 264. When the key 264a is engaged with the key groove 263b, the holder 263 and the slide shaft 264 rotate integrally.

As shown in FIG. 23, the bobbin tool 265 includes a first shoulder 252, a second shoulder 253, and a screw pin 254 interposed between the first shoulder 252 and the second shoulder 253. . Each of the first shoulder 252, the second shoulder 253, and the screw pin 254 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is coaxial. The bobbin tool 265 is a tool for friction stir welding by moving the screw pin 254 while rotating the joining portion at high speed.

The first shoulder 252 includes a large diameter portion 252a, a tapered portion 252b, and a lower end surface 252c. The tapered portion 252b is gradually reduced in diameter toward the lower side. Although not shown in the drawing, the lower end surface 252c of the first shoulder 252 is formed with a hollow having a spiral shape in plan view along the periphery of the screw pin 254.

The second shoulder 253 is configured to have a groove on the outer surface. The second shoulder 253 includes a large diameter portion 253a, a tapered portion 253b, and an upper end surface 253c. The tapered portion 253b is gradually reduced in diameter toward the upper side. The diameter β1 of the large diameter portion 253a is smaller than the diameter α1 of the large diameter portion 252a. Further, the diameter β2 of the upper end surface 253c is equal to the diameter α2 of the lower end surface 252c.

The outer surface of the screw pin 254 is engraved with a spiral groove 255 formed by a left-hand thread. That is, the spiral groove 255 is wound so as to be counterclockwise from the top to the bottom. The outer diameter U of the screw pin 254 is smaller than the diameter α2 and the diameter β2. The first shoulder 252 is connected to the slide shaft 264 via a nut.

The distance between the shoulders of the bobbin tool 265 (the length of the exposed portion of the screw pin 254) is the thickness of the portion to be joined (in this embodiment, the first outer plate thick portion 211 and the first build-up portion 213). It is preferable that the total thickness) or less. The depth, pitch, and the like of the spiral groove 255 may be appropriately set according to the material of the metal plate to be frictionally stirred, the thickness of the portion to be joined, the distance between the shoulders, and the like.

Since the friction stirrer 261 is formed so that the slide shaft 264 can move with respect to the holder 263, when the metal plate to be joined is warped upward, for example, the bobbin tool 265 follows the warp and the bobbin tool 265 has a predetermined distance. It is configured to move upwards only. On the other hand, when the metal plate to be joined is warped downward, the bobbin tool 265 is configured to move downward by a predetermined distance following the warpage. Thereby, the position shift of the bobbin tool 265 with respect to the metal plate during friction stir welding can be suppressed.

Next, a method for joining the double skin panels according to this embodiment will be described. Here, a case where two double skin panels 201 having the same shape are juxtaposed and joined is illustrated. In this joining method, a preparation process and a joining process are performed.

In the preparation step, as shown in FIG. 24, the

double skin panels

201 and 201 are brought into contact with each other to form a double skin panel assembly, and the assembly is restrained so as not to move. In the description, one double skin panel is labeled “201A”, the other double skin panel is labeled “201B”, and “A” and “B” are added to the corresponding elements. Distinguish.

Specifically, in the preparation step, the first collar 212A of the double skin panel 201A and the second collar 222B of the double skin panel 201B are engaged, and the first end surface 233A and the second end surface 243B are abutted with each other. . Thereby, 212 A of 1st collar parts and the 2nd collar part 222B engage without gap, and the engaging part M is formed. On the other hand, the first end surface 233A and the second end surface 243B are abutted to form an abutting portion N. An extension line of a portion where the overhang portion 215A and the overhang portion 225B are engaged and a portion where the first end surface 233A and the second end surface 243B are abutted with each other is referred to as a “center line C1”.

When the preparation step is performed, the upper surface of the first built-up portion 213A and the upper surface of the second built-up portion 223B are flush with each other, and the lower surface of the first outer plate thick portion 211A and the second outer plate thick portion 221B. The lower surface of is flush. The upper surface of the first inner plate thick portion 231A and the upper surface of the second inner plate thick portion 241B are flush with each other, and the lower surface of the first built-up portion 232A and the lower surface of the second built-up portion 242B are surfaces. It is one. After the double skin panel assembly is formed, the assembly is restrained so as not to move with a jig.

In the joining step, as shown in FIG. 25, a first joining step for joining the engaging portion M using the bobbin tool 265 and a second joining step for joining the butt portion N are performed.

In the first joining step, the double skin panel 201A is arranged on the left side in the traveling direction. Then, the center of the screw pin 254 of the bobbin tool 265 rotated to the right is aligned with the center of the engaging portion M in the height direction on the center line C1, and is entered into the engaging portion M. Then, friction stir welding is performed along the engaging portion M from the front side toward the rear side. In addition, the plasticizing region W1 is formed in the engaging portion M along the locus along which the bobbin tool 265 moves (see FIG. 26).

In the second joining step, as shown in FIG. 26, when the first joining step is completed, the double skin panel assembly is turned over and the double skin panel assembly is again restrained so as not to move. Then, the center of the screw pin 254 of the bobbin tool 265 rotated to the right is aligned with the center in the height direction of the abutting portion N on the center line C1, and is entered into the abutting portion N. Then, friction stir welding is performed along the abutting portion N from the front side toward the rear side. A plasticized region (not shown) is formed in the butt portion N along the locus along which the bobbin tool 265 moves. Through the above steps, the outer plate 202A and the outer plate 202B are joined, and the inner plate 203A and the inner plate 203B are joined.

According to the friction stir welding method according to the present embodiment described above, the first skin portion 212A of the outer plate 202A and the second flange portion 222B of the outer plate 202B are engaged, so that when the friction stir welding is performed, the double skin is used. It is possible to easily prevent the

panels

201A and 201B from separating. On the other hand, the inner plate 203A and the inner plate 203B are not provided with a flange portion, but the first end surface 233A and the second end surface 243B are abutted to each other, thereby making it possible to save labor in preparation work and double skin panel manufacturing. When the

double skin panels

201A and 201B are long, engaging work becomes difficult if the inner plate 203A and the inner plate 203B are also provided with a flange, but according to the present embodiment, the engaging work is facilitated. .

In the preparation step, when the first collar portion 212A and the second collar portion 222B are engaged, the first overhanging inclined surface 216A and the second main body inclined surface 226B can be engaged while sliding. As a result, the engaging operation is facilitated. Specifically, when the double skin panel 201A is lowered from above the placed double skin panel 201B, the first overhanging inclined surface 216A and the second main body inclined surface 226B are simply slid to engage with each other. Can be made.

Further, by providing the first overhanging portion 215A and the second overhanging portion 225B, it is possible to engage with a simple configuration. Further, by providing the built-up portions (213A, 223B, 232A, 242B), it is possible to prevent the metal from being insufficient during the friction stir welding. In this embodiment, the screw pin 254 is provided with a left-handed spiral groove 255, and the bobbin tool 265 is moved from the front side to the rear side while rotating the bobbin tool 265 clockwise. There is a tendency to be guided to move toward the second shoulder 253. Therefore, the metal on the first shoulder 252 side is provided by providing the built-up portions (213A, 223B, 232A, 242B) on the side facing the first shoulder 252 of the

outer plates

202A, 202B and the

inner plates

203A, 203B. A shortage can be avoided.

In addition, if the butted portion N is bonded first, the

double skin panels

201A and 201B may be separated from each other. However, in the bonding step according to the present embodiment, the engaging portion M is bonded first. When the mating portion N is joined, the

double skin panels

201A and 201B can be prevented from separating.

The shape and engagement form of the

double skin panels

201A and 201B are not particularly limited as long as they are not separated from each other. As in this embodiment, it is preferable to engage the

double skin panels

201A and 201B so that the end portions are flush with each other and the gap is eliminated. Moreover, the thing which provided the 1st collar part 212,212 in the both ends of the outer plate 202 of one double skin panel is formed, and the second collar part 222,222 is formed in the both ends of the outer plate 202 of the other double skin panel. May be formed, and these double skin panels may be alternately arranged and engaged and joined together. For example, as shown in FIG. 27, it is good also as a shape which does not provide an inclination in the side part of 215 A of 1st overhang | projection parts and the 2nd overhang | projection part 225B. In the present embodiment, the support plate 204 is formed perpendicular to the outer plate 202 and the inner plate 203, but may be inclined.

<Example 1>
Using the friction stirrer 1 (bobbin tool 5) according to the second embodiment, the influence of the thickness of the metal plate (plate-shaped end) to be friction stir welded and the gap between the metal plates on the joining state. A test was conducted to investigate whether to give. As shown in FIG. 28, a pair of metal plate specimens (A6063-T5 material) to be friction stir welded were prepared from specimens H1 to H19 with varying thicknesses. “Ad side” means a side where the rotation direction and the traveling direction of the bobbin tool coincide. That is, when the bobbin tool rotates clockwise, it means the left side in the traveling direction. The “Re side” means a side where the rotation direction and the traveling direction of the bobbin tool are different. That is, when the bobbin tool rotates clockwise, it means the right side in the traveling direction.

Specimens H1 to H7 have the same metal plate thickness on the Ad side and Re side. In the test bodies H8 to H13, the metal plate on the Ad side is fixed to 6.0 mm, and the thickness of the metal plate on the Re side is changed. On the other hand, in the test bodies H14 to H19, the Re-side metal plate is fixed to 6.0 mm, and the thickness of the Re-side metal plate is changed.

The gap between the metal plates was changed from 0 to 2.0 mm by 0.25 mm. The bobbin tool used for the test was set to a shoulder outer diameter (diameter of the surface contacting the metal plate of the shoulder) of 20 mm, a pin outer diameter of 12 mm, and a distance between shoulders of 5.8 mm. The rotation speed of the bobbin tool was set to 800 rpm, the moving speed was set to 600 / min, and the rotation direction was set to the right rotation. Further, as described in the second embodiment, this bobbin tool has a form in which the height position of the bobbin tool changes following the warp of the metal plate. After the friction stir welding, the quality was judged from the X-ray transmission test and the cross-sectional microstructure.

FIG. 29 is a graph showing the relationship between the gap of the specimen H1 and the thickness of the joint in Example 1. FIG. 30 is a graph showing the relationship between the gap of the test body H3 and the thickness of the joint in Example 1. The joint part of Example 1 is synonymous with the plasticized region W in the embodiment. Further, “Ad part”, “Cr part”, and “Re part” of the joint part of Example 1 are the Ad part, the center part, and Re part of the joint part (plasticization region W) shown in FIG. Each position of the part is shown.

As shown in FIG. 29, when the thicknesses of the metal plates are set to 6.0 mm and joined, if the gap is less than 0.75 mm, the decrease in the thickness is small in both the Ad part, the Cr part, and the Re part, but the gap 0 Above .75, the thickness of the Ad, Cr and Re portions decreased as the gap increased. When the gap exceeded 1.2 mm, the thickness of the joint became less than 5.8 mm, and a joint defect occurred.

As shown in FIG. 30, when the metal plates were joined at a thickness of 6.4 mm, the decrease in thickness was small for the Ad, Cr, and Re portions when the gap was less than 0.75 mm. In the gaps 0.75 to 1.75, the thicknesses of the Ad part, Cr part, and Re part decreased, but no bonding defect occurred. When the gap was 2.0, the thickness of the joint portion was remarkably reduced and a joint defect was generated.

From FIG. 29 and FIG. 30, it was found that when the thickness of the Cr portion of the joint portion is 5.8 mm or less, a joint defect occurs. That is, even if there is a gap between the metal plates, the metal is supplied by plastic flow, and if the thickness of the Cr portion of the joint does not become less than 5.8 mm, which is equivalent to the distance between the shoulders, the joint is soundly joined. I found out that From the above, it is necessary to set the joining conditions so that the thickness of the joint (plasticized region) is equal to or greater than the distance between the shoulders.

FIG. 31 is a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap on the bonding quality in Example 1, and shows the case where the thickness on the Ad side = the thickness on the Re side. In the figure, “◯” indicates that the joining condition is good and “×” indicates that the joining condition is poor.

According to FIG. 31, it was found that even if the gap is increased, the joining condition may be improved if the thickness of the metal plate is increased. However, if the difference between the thickness of the metal plate and the distance between the shoulders exceeds 0.8 mm (in this embodiment, the thickness of the metal plate is made larger than 6.6 mm), the internal pressure generated between the shoulders increases, and the tool It has been found that the lifetime is significantly reduced.

Further, according to FIG. 31, when the distance between the shoulders is 5.8 mm, and the gap between the metal plates is 0 to 0.75 mm or less, the bonding is performed if the thickness of the metal plate is 5.8 to 6.6 mm. The situation was found to be good. In other words, it has been found that the joining condition is good if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set so as to satisfy 0 ≦ TZ ≦ 0.8 mm.

When the value of TZ becomes smaller than 0, that is, when the distance Z between the shoulders becomes larger than the thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102, the plastic fluidized metal becomes the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12. Since it becomes easy to overflow from (refer (a) of FIG. 16), the density of a junction part (plasticization area | region W) falls. This increases the possibility of junction defects. When 0 ≦ TZ ≦ 0.8 mm, even if the gap between the metal plates is 0 to 0.75 mm, the temperature of the metal plate rises due to the frictional heat of friction stir welding, and the metal plate expands. By doing so, the gap is eliminated, and it is considered that the joining condition is generally good.

In addition, according to FIG. 31, when the distance between the shoulders is 5.8 mm, and the gap between the metal plates is 0 to 1.0 mm or less, if the thickness of the metal plate is 6.0 to 6.6 mm, the bonding is performed. The situation was found to be good. In other words, it was found that the joining condition was good if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders were set to satisfy 0.2 ≦ TZ ≦ 0.8 mm. When the value of TZ is smaller than 0.2 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12, and the density of the joint portion is reduced. This increases the possibility of junction defects.

Further, according to FIG. 31, when the distance between the shoulders is 5.8 mm, and the gap between the metal plates is greater than 1.0 mm and equal to or less than 1.75 mm, the thickness of the metal plate is 6.2 mm to 6.6 mm. If it was, it turned out that the joining condition is favorable. In other words, it has been found that the joining condition is good if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to satisfy 0.4 ≦ TZ ≦ 0.8 mm. When the value of TZ is smaller than 0.4 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12, and the density of the joint portion is reduced. This increases the possibility of junction defects.

Further, according to FIG. 31, when the distance between the shoulders is 5.8 mm, and the gap between the metal plates is greater than 1.75 mm and less than or equal to 2.00 mm, the joining situation is obtained if the thickness of the metal plate is 6.6 mm. Was found to be good. In other words, it has been found that the joining condition is good if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set so that TZ = 0.8 mm. When the value of TZ is smaller than 0.8 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12, and the density of the joint portion is reduced. This increases the possibility of junction defects.

FIG. 32 is a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap on the bonding quality, and shows the case where the thickness on the Ad side is changed and the thickness on the Re side is fixed. FIG. 33 is a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap on the bonding quality, and shows the case where the thickness on the Ad side is fixed and the thickness on the Re side is changed.

32, the thickness on the Re side was fixed to 6.0 mm, and the thickness on the Ad side was appropriately changed to perform friction stir welding. In the test according to FIG. 33, the thickness on the Ad side was fixed to 6.0 mm, and the thickness on the Re side was appropriately changed to perform friction stir welding. That is, in the test according to FIG. 32 and FIG. 33, the bonding quality for each gap was observed while changing the thickness of the left and right metal plates to be matched.

32 and FIG. 33 are compared, there are many conditions that FIG. 32 is better. In other words, as shown in FIG. 32, when the Re-side metal plate is fixed to 6.0 mm and the Ad-side metal plate is changed to 6.2 mm or more, the joining condition is often improved. This is because in Example 1, the bobbin tool is rotated to the right, so that the plastic fluidized metal easily moves from the left side (Ad side) to the right side (Re side), and there is a gap between the metal plates. When there is, it is considered that the gap is filled with the metal on the Ad side. Accordingly, if the thickness of the metal plate on the left side in the traveling direction is smaller than the thickness of the metal plate on the right side in the traveling direction as in the condition of FIG. high. However, when the thickness of the metal plate on the left side in the traveling direction is larger than the thickness of the metal plate on the right side in the traveling direction as in the condition of FIG. Can be good.

This can be confirmed from the graphs of FIGS. The plotted point “♦” indicates the specimen H4 (Ad side thickness = 6.6 mm, Re side thickness = 6.6 mm). Plot point “■” indicates specimen H10 (Ad side thickness = 6.0 mm, Re side thickness = 6.6 mm), and plot point “●” indicates specimen H16 (Ad side thickness = 6). .6 mm, Re-side thickness = 6.0 mm).

As shown in FIG. 34 (a), it can be seen that in the thickness of the Cr portion of the joint portion, the specimens H4, H16, and H10 become smaller in order. That is, it was found that when the metal plate on the Ad side is thinner than the Re side, the thickness of the Cr portion of the joint portion is reduced.

As shown in FIG. 34 (b), the thickness of the Ad portion of the joint is about 5.8 mm for all of the specimens H4, H10, and H16, and is smaller than the thickness before joining. I understood. In particular, when the specimens H4 and H16 were observed, it was found that the thickness was considerably reduced.

As shown in FIG. 35 (a), it was found that the thicknesses of the test specimens H10 and H16 were not so different in the thickness of the Re part of the joint part, but the thickness of H4 was generally large. 34 (b) and FIG. 35 (a) as a whole, it was found that the thickness of the Re portion was generally larger than that of the Ad portion.

As shown in FIG. 35 (b), it was found that the average thickness of the joint portion increased in the order of the specimens H10, H16, and H4.

34 and 35, according to the test bodies H4 and H16, the thickness of the Cr portion can be made larger than that of the test body H10. However, according to the specimen H4, the thickness of the joint can be increased, but the internal pressure between the shoulders is increased accordingly, and the tool life is likely to be reduced. Therefore, like the test body H16, by setting the thickness of the metal plate on the Ad side to be larger than that on the Re side, the thickness of the Cr portion of the joint portion is increased while lowering the internal pressure between the shoulders. can do.

<Example 2>
Using the friction stirrer 1 (bobbin tool 5) according to the second embodiment, the influence of the thickness of the metal plate (plate-shaped end) to be friction stir welded and the gap between the metal plates on the joining state. A test was conducted to investigate whether to give. The gap between the metal plates was changed by 0.25 mm from 0 to 2.0 mm. The bobbin tool used for the test was set to a shoulder outer diameter (diameter of the surface contacting the metal plate of the shoulder) of 10 mm, a screw pin outer diameter of 6 mm, and a distance between shoulders of 2.8 mm. The rotation speed of the bobbin tool was set to 2000 rpm, the moving speed was set to 1000 mm / min, and the rotation direction was set to right rotation. Further, as described in the second embodiment, this bobbin tool has a form in which the height position of the bobbin tool changes following the warp of the metal plate. After the friction stir welding, the quality was judged from the X-ray transmission test and the cross-sectional microstructure.

For the metal plate specimen (A6063-T5 material) to be friction stir welded, the thicknesses of the metal plate on the Ad side and Re side are the same, and the thickness is 3.0 mm, 3.2 mm, and 3.4 mm. A test specimen was prepared by changing.

FIG. 36 is a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap on the bonding quality in Example 2, and shows the case where Ad side = Re side. In the figure, “◯” indicates that the joining condition is good and “×” indicates that the joining condition is poor.

According to FIG. 36, it was found that even if the gap is increased, the joining condition may be improved if the thickness of the metal plate with respect to the distance Z between the shoulders is increased. However, if the difference between the thickness of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders exceeds 0.6 mm (in this embodiment, the thickness of the metal plate is made larger than 3.4 mm), the internal pressure generated between the shoulders increases, It has been found that the tool life is significantly reduced.

In addition, according to FIG. 36, when the distance Z between the shoulders is 2.8 mm and the gap between the metal plates is 0.75 mm or less, if the thickness of the metal plate is 3.0 mm to 3.4 mm, the bonding is performed. The situation was found to be good. That is, it has been found that the joining condition is good if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to satisfy 0.2 ≦ TZ ≦ 0.6 mm. When the value of TZ is smaller than 0.2 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12, and the density of the joint portion is reduced. This increases the possibility of junction defects. If the gap between the metal plates is 0.75 mm or less, the temperature of the metal plate rises due to the frictional heat of friction stir welding, and the gap disappears when the metal plate expands. It is done.

In addition, according to FIG. 36, when the distance between the shoulders is 2.8 mm and the gap between the metal plates is greater than 0.75 mm and equal to or less than 1.50 mm, the thickness of the metal plate is 3.2 to 3.4 mm. If it was, it turned out that the joining condition is favorable. In other words, it was found that the joining condition was good if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders were set to satisfy 0.4 ≦ TZ ≦ 0.6 mm. When the value of TZ is smaller than 0.4 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12, and the density of the joint portion is reduced. This increases the possibility of junction defects.

In addition, according to FIG. 36, when the distance between the shoulders is 2.8 mm, and the gap between the metal plates is greater than 1.50 mm and equal to or less than 1.75 mm, the thickness of the metal plate is 3.4 mm. Was found to be good. In other words, it has been found that the joining condition is good if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set so that TZ = 0.6 mm.

In addition, according to FIG. 36, it was found that when the gap was 2.0 mm, poor bonding occurred even when the thickness of the metal plate was 3.4 mm.

<Tool shape>
FIG. 37 is a table showing dimensions and joining states of each bobbin tool when the distance between the shoulders is fixed to 5.8 mm in the first embodiment. FIG. 38 is a table showing dimensions and joining states of each bobbin tool when the distance between the shoulders is fixed at 2.8 mm in Example 2. FIG. 39 is a table showing dimensions and joining states of each bobbin tool when the distance between the shoulders is fixed to 11.5 mm in the reference example. 37, 38, and 39 show the tensile strength / material resistance, the bending strength / material resistance, and the material retention tendency.

The tensile strength / material resistance is represented by Y ² / (X ² −Y ² ). That is, since the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the upper surface of the second shoulder 12 are pressed by the metal that has been plastically fluidized during friction stirring, a tensile stress acts on the screw pin 13. Therefore, the tensile strength / material resistance is a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter Y of the screw pin 13, and the outer diameter X of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 (the upper surface of the second shoulder 12) (the surface of the shoulder that contacts the metal plate). It is expressed as a value obtained by dividing a value obtained by subtracting a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter Y of the screw pin 13 from a value obtained by squaring the diameter), and (X ² −Y ² ).

The bending strength / material resistance is represented by Y ² / YZ. That is, when the bobbin tool 5 moves through the abutting portion N, a force perpendicular to the axial direction of the screw pin 13 acts. Therefore, the bending strength / material resistance is represented by a value obtained by dividing the square of the outer diameter Y of the screw pin 13 by the cross-sectional area YZ of the cross section including the axis of the screw pin 13.

The material retention tendency is represented by X ² / Y ² . That is, the metal fluidized plastically during the friction stirring is held by the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the upper surface of the second shoulder 12. Therefore, the material retention tendency is a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 (second shoulder 12) (the diameter of the surface of the shoulder that contacts the metal plate), and the outer diameter Y of the screw pin 13 is squared. Expressed by dividing by value.

Considering FIGS. 37, 38, and 39, it is found that when the material retention tendency (X ² / Y ² ) is 2.0 or less, a bonding defect is likely to occur, and when it is larger than 2.0, the bonding defect is not generated. It was. If the material retention tendency (X ² / Y ² ) is 2.0 or less, the outer diameter Y of the screw pin 13 with respect to the outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 (second shoulder 12) is thick. This is considered to be because the area becomes small and the friction-stirred metal cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and the metal becomes burrs and overflows from the outside of the shoulder. On the other hand, if the material retention tendency (X ² / Y ² ) is larger than 2.0, the outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 (second shoulder 12) is larger than the outer diameter Y of the screw pin 13, so that plasticity The fluidized metal can be sufficiently held by both shoulders. Thereby, it is considered that a bonding defect hardly occurs.

37, 38, and 39, it was found that if the tensile strength / material resistance (Y ² / (X ² −Y ² )) is 0.2 or less, the pin is easily damaged. This occurs when the tensile strength / material resistance (Y ² / (X ² −Y ² )) is 0.2 or less, since the pin outer diameter Y with respect to the shoulder outer diameter X becomes smaller, and thus the tool axial direction is generated during joining. It is considered that the tensile strength of the pin against the material resistance becomes insufficient and the screw pin 13 is easily broken. If the tensile strength / material resistance (Y ² / (X ² −Y ² )) is larger than 0.2, the pin outer diameter Y with respect to the shoulder outer diameter X is increased, so that it is considered that the screw pin 13 is not easily broken.

37, 38, and 39, it was found that the screw pin 13 is easily damaged when the bending strength / material resistance (Y ² / YZ) is 1.2 or less. This is because if the bending strength / material resistance (Y ² / YZ) is 1.2 or less, the pin outer diameter Y with respect to the distance between the shoulders (pin length) Z becomes smaller, It is considered that the pin bending force against the resistance of the material flowing in the opposite direction becomes insufficient, and the screw pin 13 is easily broken. If the bending strength / material resistance (Y ² / YZ) is greater than 1.2, the pin outer diameter Y with respect to the shoulder distance (pin length) Z is increased, so that it is considered that the screw pin 13 is not easily broken.

37, 38 and 39, the tensile strength / material resistance (Y ² / (X ² −Y ² )) is 0.2 or less, or the bending strength / material resistance (Y ² / YZ). If is less than 1.2, pin breakage occurred. However, if the tensile strength / material resistance (Y ² / (X ² −Y ² )) is larger than 0.2 and the bending strength / material resistance (Y ² / YZ) is larger than 1.2, the pin breaks. Did not happen. Therefore, in order to prevent the breakage of the pins of the bobbin tool at the time of joining, the following formulas (1) and (2) for the shoulder outer diameter X, the pin outer diameter Y, and the distance between the shoulders (pin length) Z: It can be concluded that it is preferable to design the shape of the bobbin root to satisfy both of the above.
Y ² / (X ² −Y ² )> 0.2 (1)
Y ² /YZ>1.2 (2)

<Example 3>
In Example 3, it was investigated how the ratio of the spiral groove engraved with the screw pin of the bobbin tool and the winding direction of the spiral groove affect the metal plate after joining. As shown in FIG. 16A, the rotation direction of the bobbin tool was set to right rotation when viewed from the slide shaft side. Friction stir welding was performed by changing the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left screw to set five types of conditions A to E.

In the condition A, the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left screw was set to 0: 100 (no right screw).
In Condition B, the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left screw was set to 25:75.
In the condition C, the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left screw was set to 50:50.
In the condition D, the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left screw was set to 75:25.
In the condition E, the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left screw was set to 100: 0 (no left screw).

In Example 3, two aluminum alloy metal plates (A6063-T5) having a plate thickness T of 6.2 mm were prepared and joined. The outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12 of the bobbin tool 5 is 20 mm, the outer diameter Y of the screw pin 13 is 12 mm, and the distance Z between the shoulders is 5. It was set to 8 mm. The depth of the spiral groove was set to 0.81 mm. The rotation speed of the bobbin tool 5 was set to 800 rpm, and the joining speed was set to 600 mm / min. Moreover, in order to investigate the relationship with the clearance gap of the butt | matching part N in each condition, it tested by changing a clearance gap into 0 mm, 1.25 mm, 1.50 mm, 1.75 mm, and 2.00 mm.

FIG. 40 is a graph showing the influence of the screw ratio on the level difference of the metal plate (gap 0 mm at the butt portion) in Example 3. FIG. 41 is a graph showing the influence of the screw ratio on the level difference of the metal plate (gap 1.5 mm at the butt portion) in Example 3. The level | step difference has shown the height position of each place after joining on the basis of the surface of the metal plate before joining (reference | standard = 0). When the step is a positive value, it is convex, and when it is a negative value, it indicates a concave shape (concave groove).

As shown in FIG. 40, the Re side of the surface Sa indicated by “▲” shows a positive value in the conditions A to E. That is, the Re side of the surface Sa is always convex.

On the other hand, the Ad side of the surface Sa indicated by “♦” shows a large negative value in the condition A. That is, in the condition A, the Ad side of the surface Sa is greatly concave. Then, on the Ad side of the surface Sa indicated by “♦”, the dent on the Ad side of the surface Sa gradually decreases as the ratio of the right-hand thread increases.

On the other hand, the Ad side of the back surface Sb indicated by “■” shows a large positive value in the condition A. That is, in the condition A, the Ad side of the back surface Sb is greatly convex. Then, on the Ad side of the back surface Sb indicated by “■”, the dent on the Ad side of the back surface Sb gradually increases as the ratio of the right-hand thread increases, and the conditions D and E are concave. That is, the Ad side of the front surface Sa indicated by “♦” and the Ad side of the back surface Sb indicated by “■” have a contradictory relationship according to the ratio of the right-hand thread. Further, the Ad side of the front surface Sa indicated by “♦” and the Ad side of the back surface Sb indicated by “■” are slightly concave under the condition C (50:50).

40 and 41 are compared, it can be seen that even if the gap of the butted portion is 1.5 mm, the tendency of the step is not so different from the case where the gap of the butted portion is 0 mm. It can be seen that the value on the Re side of the front surface Sa indicated by “▲” in FIG. 41 and the value on the Re side of the back surface Sb indicated by “●” are generally smaller than those in FIG.

FIG. 42 is a diagram illustrating the plasticized region of the condition A according to Example 3 according to the gap between the butted portions. FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating the plasticized region of the condition B according to the third embodiment for each gap of the butted portion. FIG. 44 is a diagram illustrating the plasticized region of the condition C according to the third embodiment for each gap between the butted portions. FIG. 45 is a diagram illustrating the plasticized region of the condition D according to the third embodiment for each gap between the butted portions. FIG. 46 is a diagram illustrating the plasticized region of the condition E according to the third embodiment for each gap between the butted portions. 42 to 46, the left column of each figure shows a cross-sectional view of macroscopic structure observation of the plasticized region W, the middle column shows a plan view on the surface (decorative surface) Sa side of the plasticized region W, and the right column These show the top view by the side of the back surface Sb of the plasticization area | region W. FIG.

42, in the case of Condition A, a large groove V is formed on the front surface (decorative surface) Sa side, but there is no groove V on the back surface Sb side. When the gap between the butted portions is 1.75 mm and 2.00 mm, a bonding defect Q is formed on the surface Sa side. The plasticized region W is gradually widened toward the back surface Sb. The striped pattern in the plasticized region W is asymmetrical. The striped pattern is darker on the Ad side than on the Re side of the plasticized region W. Further, in FIG. 42, the burr P is less on the back surface Sb side than on the front surface Sa side of the metal plate.

As shown in the left column of FIG. 43, in the case of condition B, a small groove V is formed on the front surface (decorative surface) Sa side compared to condition A, but there is no groove V on the back surface Sb side. . When the gap between the butted portions is 2.00 mm, a bonding defect Q is formed inside the metal plate. The striped pattern in the plasticized region W is asymmetrical. The striped pattern is darker on the Ad side than on the Re side of the plasticized region W. When the back surface Sb of the condition B in FIG. 43 is compared with the back surface Sb of the condition A in FIG. 42, more burr P is generated and the surface is rough in the condition B.

44, in the case of Condition C, a small groove V is formed on the front surface (decorative surface) Sa side, and a small groove V is formed also on the back surface Sb side. When the gap between the butted portions is 2.0 mm, a bonding defect Q is formed inside the metal plate. The upper and lower stripe patterns and the left and right stripe patterns in the plasticized region W are substantially symmetrical. When the surface Sa of the condition C in FIG. 44 is compared with the surface Sa of the condition B in FIG. 43, the depth of the groove V is slightly smaller in the surface Sa in the condition C. Further, the surface Sa of the condition C has almost no burrs P. Further, on the back surface Sb of the condition C, more burrs P are generated on the Re side than on the Ad side.

As shown in the left column of FIG. 45, in the case of condition D, the concave groove V is not formed on the front surface (decorative surface) Sa side, and the small concave groove V is formed on the rear surface Sb side. At a gap of 2.00 mm between the butted portions, a bonding defect Q is formed inside the metal plate. Further, more burrs P are generated on the back surface Sb than on the front surface Sa.

As shown in the left column of FIG. 46, in the case of condition E, the concave groove V is not formed on the surface (decorative surface) Sa side, and the large concave groove V is formed on the Sb side. When the gap between the butted portions is 1.75 mm and the gap is 2.00 mm, a bonding defect Q is formed inside the metal plate. The plasticized region W is gradually narrowed toward the back surface Sb. Many burrs P are generated on the back surface Sb, whereas no burrs P are generated on the front surface Sa.

FIG. 47 is a table summarizing the results of Example 3. The reference numerals of the elements refer to the reference numerals of the second embodiment as they are. As shown in the conceptual diagram of the condition A in FIG. 47, when the left screw is provided in the range of 100% by clockwise rotation, the fluidized metal is guided to the spiral groove and moves to the back surface Sb side. By this movement of the metal, the second shoulder 12 of the bobbin tool 5 is pushed, and the bobbin tool 5 moves to the side opposite to the slide shaft 4 (the back surface Sb side) with respect to the metal plate. Thereby, since the bobbin tool 5 penetrates deeply into the surface (decorative surface) Sa side, a large concave groove V is formed on the surface Sa side.

On the other hand, as shown in the conditions B to E of FIG. 47, when the right screw portion is provided as the upper spiral groove 13a by 25% or more, the bobbin tool 5 is moved to the slide shaft 4 side (by the metal movement by the right screw spiral groove ( It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool 5 from entering deeply into the surface Sa (decorative surface) of the metal plate. Thereby, even if the ditch | groove V is formed in the surface Sa (decorative surface), or the ditch | groove V is formed, the depth of the ditch | groove V can be made small. Thereby, the effort of the finishing process for smoothing the surface Sa of the metal plate after joining can be reduced. However, in condition B and condition C, when the gap of the butt portion is 2.00 mm, in condition D and condition E, when the gap of the butt portion is 1.75 mm and the gap is 2.00 mm, a bonding defect Q occurs. It is inappropriate. This is presumably because the metal material at the joint portion decreases when the gap between the butted portions is large.

For example, as in condition E, when the right screw is engraved 100% by rotating to the right, the bobbin tool 5 moves upward with respect to the plate-like end portion 102 to increase the height of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11. The height position is located above the surface (decorative surface) Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 before friction stirring, the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 before friction stirring. However, if the gap between the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 before friction stirring is very small, Can be pressed down sufficiently.

Further, when the gap between the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the surface Sa before friction stirring of the plate-like end portion 102 is very small, the plasticizing region W is slightly smaller than the surface Sa before friction stirring. It will protrude. However, the process of smoothing the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 is easy to finish because the protruding portion may be cut in accordance with the height of the surface Sa before friction stirring.

In the second embodiment described above, the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b are formed at a ratio of 50:50 to the shoulder distance Z, but the decorative surface is set to the surface Sa, and the bobbin tool 5 , The upper spiral groove 13a of the right thread on the first shoulder 11 side and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left thread on the second shoulder 12 side are 25:75 to 100: 0 with respect to the shoulder distance Z. It is preferable to be formed at a ratio. That is, the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw is formed at a portion of 25% or more with respect to the distance Z between the shoulders on the first shoulder 11 side, and all the portions other than the upper spiral groove 13a are the lower spiral groove of the left screw. It may be formed to be 13b. When the bobbin tool 5 is rotated to the right, the right screw may be provided over the entire axial length of the screw pin 13 without providing the left screw.

In Example 3, the front surface Sa side is set as the decorative surface, but the back surface Sb side may be set as the decorative surface. In this case, as shown in FIG. 47, by setting the rotation direction of the bobbin tool 5 and the winding direction of the spiral groove as in conditions A, B, C, and D, the back surface Sb (decorative surface) side is set. The generation of the concave groove V can be prevented, or even if the concave groove V is formed, the depth of the concave groove V can be reduced.

That is, when setting the back surface Sb side as the decorative surface while rotating the bobbin tool 5 clockwise, the abutting step of abutting the end surfaces of the metal plates with each other, the second shoulder 12 and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and After joining the axial center of the screw pin 13 and the center of the metal plate in the plate thickness direction, the screw pin 13 of the bobbin tool 5 rotated to the right is moved to the butting portion N to perform friction stir welding. The distance Z between the shoulders is set to be equal to or less than the thickness of the metal plate, and a left-handed spiral groove is formed on the second shoulder 12 side of the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin 13. It is preferable that the spiral groove is formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance Z between the shoulders.

According to such a joining method, since the left screw on the second shoulder 12 side is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, the bobbin tool 5 moves away from the slide shaft 4 by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the left screw ( It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool from entering deeply into the back surface (decorative surface) Sb of the metal plate. Thereby, it can prevent that a ditch | groove generate | occur | produces in a decorative surface, or even if a ditch | groove is formed, the depth of the ditch | groove can be made small.

FIG. 48 is a table summarizing the concept when the bobbin tool is rotated counterclockwise.
In the condition F, the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the left screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the right screw was set to 0: 100 (no left screw).
In the condition G, the ratio of the left spiral upper spiral groove 13a and the right spiral lower spiral groove 13b was set to 25:75.
In the condition H, the ratio of the left spiral upper spiral groove 13a and the right spiral lower spiral groove 13b was set to 50:50.
In Condition I, the ratio of the left spiral upper spiral groove 13a and the right spiral lower spiral groove 13b was set to 75:25.
In the condition J, the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the left screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the right screw was set to 100: 0 (no right screw).

As shown in the third embodiment, when rotating counterclockwise, a bobbin tool 5A in which a left screw is provided in the upper spiral groove 13a and a right screw is provided in the lower spiral groove 13b is used. When the bobbin tool 5A is rotated counterclockwise, the screw winding direction is different from that of the bobbin tool 5 of the second embodiment. That is, as shown in the conditions G to J, the metal that has been fluidized by friction stirring is guided to the upper spiral groove 13a of the left-hand thread of the screw pin 13 and moves to the first shoulder 11 side. It is guided to the lower spiral groove 13b and moves to the second shoulder 12 side. Since the left screw is formed at a rate of 25% or more, the bobbin tool 5A is pushed to the slide shaft 4 side (upward) by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the left screw, and the surface (decorative surface) Sa of the metal plate The bobbin tool 5A can be prevented from entering deeply. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the formation of the concave groove V on the surface (decorative surface) Sa, or even if the concave groove V is formed, the depth of the concave groove V can be reduced. Thereby, the effort of the finishing process for smoothing the surface Sa of the metal plate after joining can be reduced.

Note that, for example, when the left screw is engraved 100% by left rotation as in Condition J, the bobbin tool 5 moves upward with respect to the plate-like end portion 102 to increase the height of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11. The position is located above the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 before friction stirring, and the gap between the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 before friction stirring is large. In this case, the metal is not sufficiently pressed, but when the gap between the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 before friction stirring is very small, the metal can be sufficiently pressed. be able to.

In the third embodiment described above, the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b are formed at a ratio of 50:50 to the shoulder distance Z, but the decorative surface is set to the surface Sa, and the bobbin tool 5A , The left spiral upper spiral groove 13a on the first shoulder 11 side and the right spiral lower spiral groove 13b on the second shoulder 12 side are 25:75 to 100: 0 with respect to the shoulder distance Z. It is preferable to be formed at a ratio. That is, the left spiral upper spiral groove 13a is formed on the first shoulder 11 side at a portion of 25% or more with respect to the shoulder distance Z, and all the portions other than the upper spiral groove 13a are the right spiral lower spiral groove. It may be formed to be 13b. When the bobbin tool 5A is rotated counterclockwise, a left screw may be provided over the entire axial length of the screw pin 13 without providing a right screw.

In addition, although the surface Sa side was set as a decorative surface, you may set the back surface Sb side as a decorative surface. In this case, as shown in FIG. 48, by setting the rotation direction of the bobbin tool 5 and the winding direction of the spiral groove as in the conditions F, G, H, and I, the back surface Sb (decorative surface) side is set. The generation of the concave groove V can be prevented, or even if the concave groove V is formed, the depth of the concave groove V can be reduced.

That is, when setting the back surface Sb side as the decorative surface while rotating the bobbin tool 5A counterclockwise, the abutting step of abutting the end surfaces of the metal plates with each other, the second shoulder 12 and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and After joining the axial center of the screw pin 13 and the center of the metal plate in the plate thickness direction, the screw pin 13 of the bobbin tool 5A rotated to the left is moved to the butting portion N to perform friction stir welding. The distance Z between the shoulders is set to be equal to or less than the thickness of the metal plate, and a right-hand spiral groove is formed on the second shoulder 12 side of the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin 13. It is preferable that the spiral groove is formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance Z between the shoulders.

According to such a joining method, since the right screw on the second shoulder 12 side is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, the bobbin tool 5A is moved away from the slide shaft 4 by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the right screw ( It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool from entering deeply into the back surface (decorative surface) Sb of the metal plate. Thereby, it can prevent that a ditch | groove generate | occur | produces in a back surface (decorative surface), or even if a ditch | groove is formed, the depth of the ditch | groove can be made small.

<Example 4>
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIGS. 49A and 49B are front views showing an engagement form or a butting form of Example 4, wherein FIG. 49A shows type I, FIG. 49B shows type II, and FIG. 49C shows type III. In Example 4, three types of specimens were prepared, and friction stir welding was performed only on the type I, type II, and type III portions, and the respective angular deformations after the welding were investigated.

Types I to III are

double skin panels

201A and 201B made of an aluminum alloy 6N01-T5 material. As shown in FIGS. 20 and 49, the outer plate thick portion (first outer plate thick portion 211, The thickness a of the second outer plate thick part 221) is 3 mm, the thickness dimension b of the build-up part (build-up

parts

213, 223, 232, 242) is 0.5 mm, from the support plate 204 to the first end face 33 Length c and the length c from the support plate 204 to the second end face 43 = 15 mm, the length d from the upper surface of the outer plate 202 to the lower surface of the inner plate 203, the left-right width dimension e = 200 mm, and the extension dimension 5000 mm. Is set to

As shown in FIG. 23, the bobbin tool 265 has a diameter α2 = 10 mm of the lower end surface 252c of the first shoulder 252, a diameter β2 = 10 mm of the upper end surface 253c of the second shoulder 253, and a diameter β1 = 15 mm of the second shoulder 253. The outer diameter U of the screw pin 254 is set to 6 mm. The length from the first shoulder 252 to the second shoulder 253 (the length of the exposed portion of the screw pin 254) is set to 2.9 mm. The shape of the recess (not shown) formed in the lower end surface 252c of the first shoulder 252 is a spiral shape in plan view, and the depth of the recess is set to 0.3 mm and the pitch of the recess is set to 1.2 mm. The bobbin tool 265 is set to the right rotation, and types I to III are moved from the front side to the back side in FIGS. 49 (a) to 49 (c). The rotation speed of the bobbin tool 265 was set to 2000 rpm, and the moving speed was set to 1000 mm / min.

In type I, as shown in FIG. 49 (a), the double skin panel 201A is arranged on the left side in the moving direction of the bobbin tool 265, and the double skin panel 201B is arranged on the right side. 222B is engaged.
In Type II, as shown in FIG. 49 (b), the double skin panel 201A is arranged on the right side in the moving direction of the bobbin tool 265, and the double skin panel 201B is arranged on the left side. 222B is engaged.
In type III, as shown in FIG. 49 (c), the double skin panel 201A is arranged on the left side in the moving direction of the bobbin tool 265, the double skin panel 201B is arranged on the right side, and the first end face 233A and the second end face are arranged. 243B.

FIG. 50 is a graph showing the result of type I angular deformation. FIG. 51 is a graph showing the result of type II angular deformation. FIG. 52 is a graph showing the results of type III angular deformation. The horizontal axis indicates the length in the width direction from the left end of each joined specimen. The width direction = 200 mm indicates the position of the center line C1. The vertical axis represents the height after joining from an arbitrary reference point in each specimen. The height of each point was measured at distances of 50 mm, 200 mm, 400 mm, 600 mm, 800 mm, and 950 mm in the extending direction from the front end of each specimen.

As shown in FIGS. 50 and 51, in Type I and Type II, the height at the position of the width direction = 180 mm is the highest, and the height at the position of the width direction = 210 mm is the lowest. That is, it is a shape in which a small difference occurs in the joint portion. Further, the height difference at the position of the width direction = 180 mm to 210 mm was larger in Type II than in Type I. Further, the height difference from the position of the width direction = 210 mm to the right end of the specimen was larger in Type II than in Type I. In other words, it was found that type II had a larger overall angular deformation than type I.

As shown in FIGS. 49 (a) and 49 (b), this is due to the difference in the direction of the force that the

double skin panels

201A and 201B receive from the bobbin tool 265 and the engagement form of the

double skin panels

201A and 201B. It is thought to be a thing. It is considered that when the bobbin tool 265 (the spiral groove 255 of the screw pin 254 is a left screw) according to the present embodiment is rotated clockwise and moved from the front side to the back side in FIG. 49, the stress F1 acts.

Therefore, in the case of type II shown in FIG. 49B, the inclination direction of the inclined surface Ma of the engaging portion M is substantially parallel to the direction of action of the stress F1, and the stress F1 is input to the center line C1. Since the position and the inclined surface Ma are on the same side, the double skin panel 201B is likely to move obliquely downward to the right, and the possibility that the

double skin panels

201A and 201B are separated during joining increases.

On the other hand, in the case of Type I shown in FIG. 49A, the inclination direction of the inclined surface Ma of the engaging portion M intersects with the direction of application of the stress F1, and the input position and inclination of the stress F1 with respect to the center line C1. Since the surface Ma is on the opposite side, it is possible to effectively prevent the

double skin panels

201A and 201B from separating during the joining.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 52, in Type III, the height at the position where the width direction is 180 mm and the position where the width direction is 210 mm are about the same. That is, the height of the joining portion is the highest compared to the left and right ends, and is a mountain shape when viewed from the front. Further, the height difference of type III is larger than the height difference of types I and II. If a plurality of (for example, five) double skin panels are arranged and friction stir welding is performed from the butt portion N side as in type III, it is considered that the total angular deformation of the joined double skin panels increases. . Therefore, there is no problem from the viewpoint of the joining strength whichever of the engaging portion M and the butting portion N is joined first, but considering the amount of angular deformation, the friction stir joining is performed first from the engaging portion M side. It is preferable.

FIG. 53 is a table summarizing the rotation direction of the bobbin tool, the winding direction of the spiral groove, and the engagement form. FIG. 53 shows preferable conditions 1 to 4 for four patterns. As shown in Condition 1 (similar to the present embodiment), when the left-handed bobbin tool 265 is rotated to the right and moved from the front side to the back side in FIG. It is preferable.

That is, in condition 1, since the bobbin tool 265 is rotated to the right, the force of the component in the right direction from the left side acts on the center line C1, and the plastic fluidized metal is guided to the spiral groove and moves from top to bottom. . Therefore, in condition 1, the stress F1 acts as shown in the engagement form. Therefore, in Type I, the inclined surface Ma of the second flange portion 212B and the engaging portion M is set so as to face the stress F1, thereby preventing the

double skin panels

201A and 201B from being separated during joining. it can.

Further, as shown in Condition 2, when the spiral groove rotates the right-handed bobbin tool 265 counterclockwise and moves from the front side to the back side in FIG. 53, the engagement form is preferably type II.

In other words, in condition 2, since the bobbin tool 265 is rotated counterclockwise, a force in the left direction component acts on the center line C1, and the plastic fluidized metal is guided to the spiral groove and moves from top to bottom. . Therefore, under condition 2, the stress F2 acts as shown in the engagement form. Therefore, in the type II, the

double skin panels

201A and 201B can be prevented from being separated by setting the second flange portion 212B and the inclined surface Ma of the engaging portion M so as to face the stress F2.

Similarly, as shown in Condition 3, when the spiral groove rotates the right-handed bobbin tool 265 to the right and moves it from the front side to the back side in FIG. 53, the engagement form is preferably type IV.
Similarly, as shown in condition 4, when the left-handed bobbin tool 265 with a spiral groove is rotated leftward and moved from the front side to the back side in FIG. preferable.

Even in the case of

conditions

3 and 4, the double skin panel 201A ′ during joining can be obtained by setting the inclined surface Ma ′ of the engaging portion M and the second flange portion 212B ′ to face the stresses F3 and F4. , 201B ′ can be prevented from separating.

Further, it is preferable to provide a built-up portion on the first shoulder 252 side in the

conditions

1 and 2 and on the second shoulder 253 side in the

conditions

3 and 4. Thereby, since metal can be replenished to the side which lacks metal by friction stirring, it can compensate for becoming short of metal.

<Example 5>
In Example 5, friction stir welding was performed using five double skin panels having a size different from that of Example 4. Referring to FIG. 20, the double skin panel of Example 5 has a thickness a = 4.0 mm of the outer plate thick part, a thickness dimension b = 0.5 mm of the built-up part, a left-right width dimension e = 400 mm, and an extension. The dimension is set to 12,500 mm.

23, the diameter α2 = 15 mm of the lower end surface 252c of the first shoulder 252; the diameter β1 = 18 mm of the second shoulder 253; the diameter β2 = 15 mm of the upper end surface 253c of the second shoulder 253; The outer diameter U of 254 was set to 9 mm. The length from the first shoulder 252 to the second shoulder 253 (the length of the exposed portion of the screw pin 254) is set to 3.7 mm. The rotation speed of the bobbin tool was set to 1000 rpm. The bobbin tool moving speed was set to 1000 mm / min on the engaging portion M side and 1500 mm / min on the butting portion N side.

In Example 5, one double skin panel was set on the table, and the other double skin panel was lowered from above and engaged and butted. After engaging the five double skin panels without any gaps in the same operation, the assembly was restrained so as not to move. In order to prevent the assembly from floating, the assembly was pressed by a lateral pressing clamp arranged at a pitch of 1.5 m in the extending direction. In addition, the four corners of the assembly were clamped easily. Then, friction stir welding was performed in order from the end.

Even under the conditions of Example 5, it was possible to produce a face material free from poor bonding. Here, generally, when friction stir welding is performed on a metal member, heat shrinkage occurs, and thus the metal member after bonding may be warped. If the friction stir welding is performed on the front and back of the metal member, the friction stir welding is performed on the surface side of the metal member with the same rotation speed, moving speed, and moving length of the rotary tool, and then the friction is applied on the back surface side. When the stir welding is performed, there is a possibility that the back side is warped so as to be concave.

This is because, after the friction stir welding of the surface side, the metal member is along a concave shape on the surface side due to heat shrinkage, so when the metal member along the surface is turned over and placed on a flat table, the table and the metal member The gap between is increased. If the back side is friction stir welded in this state, the amount of heat remaining on the metal member increases because the heat from the friction stir does not easily escape to the table. As a result, combined with the heat remaining in the metal member, the back side is greatly warped so as to be concave.

Thus, if the moving speed of the bobbin tool on the butt portion N side is set faster than the engaging portion M side as in the fifth embodiment, the heat input at the time of joining to the butt portion N can be reduced. . Thereby, it can prevent that the double skin panel after joining curves.

<Example 6>
In Example 6, a test was conducted to investigate the relationship between the plate thickness and the length of the plate-like end portion. As shown in (a) of FIG. 54, the ends of the

specimens

401 and 301 having the same U-shape in cross-sectional view were butted together, and friction stir welding was performed on the butted portion N. Each specimen 401 includes a support member 402 and a plate-like end portion 403 extending vertically from the support member 402.

The height of the specimen 401 was set to 30 mm, and the extension dimension was set to 500 mm. As shown in FIGS. 54A and 54B, the friction stir welding is performed in each condition using the plate thickness a of the plate-like end 403 and the length c from the support member 402 to the tip of the plate-like end 403 as parameters. Went. FIG. 54 (b) summarizes the conditions and bonding quality of Example 6 in a table. The dimensions of the bobbin tool are as shown in the table of FIG. 54 (b).

As shown in FIG. 54 (b), when the plate thickness a = 3 mm and the length c from the support member 402 to the tip of the plate-like end portion 403 = 50 mm, poor bonding occurred. Further, in the case of the plate thickness a = 6 mm, bonding failure occurred when the length c = 70 mm and 80 mm. Further, in the case of the plate thickness a = 12 mm, bonding failure occurred when the length c = 120 mm. That is, if the length of the plate-like end portion 403 is too long with respect to the support member 402, the tip end side of the plate-like end portion 403 is likely to be deformed, which tends to cause poor bonding.

FIG. 55 is a graph showing the correlation of Example 6. In FIG. 55, the horizontal axis indicates the plate thickness a, and the vertical axis indicates the length c from the support member 402 to the tip of the plate-like end 403. From this graph, the length c from the support member to the tip is preferably set so as to satisfy the length c ≦ 7.0 × plate thickness a + 18.5 mm. Under these conditions, deformation of the plate-like end portion 403 can be suppressed, so that poor bonding is unlikely.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Friction stirrer 1a Chuck part 2 Rotary tool unit 3 Holder 4 Slide shaft 5 Bobbin tool 11 1st shoulder 12 2nd shoulder 13 Screw pin 13a Upper spiral groove 13b Lower spiral groove 100A hollow profile 100B hollow profile N Butting part T Thickness of metal plate W Plasticization region (joint)
Z Shoulder distance

Claims

A rotary tool unit fixed to the chuck of the friction stirrer,
A cylindrical holder fixed to the chuck portion;
A slide shaft inserted into the holder;
A bobbin tool attached to the tip of the slide shaft,
The holder has a pair of elongated holes that penetrate in the radial direction and face each other,
The slide shaft includes a knock pin inserted into the pair of long holes, and a fixing member that fixes the knock pin to the slide shaft,
The bobbin tool has a first shoulder fixed to the slide shaft, a second shoulder spaced from the first shoulder, and a screw pin connecting the first shoulder and the second shoulder,
The long hole is extended along the axial direction,
The slide tool unit rotates together with the holder by the engagement of the long hole and the knock pin, and moves in the axial direction within the range of the long hole.
The slide shaft has a through hole penetrating in the axial direction and a pin hole orthogonal to the through hole, and the knock pin is inserted into the pin hole,
2. The rotary tool unit according to claim 1, wherein the fixing member is inserted into the through hole, and a tip of the fixing member is in contact with the knock pin.
A narrower portion is formed at the center of the knock pin than other portions,
The rotary tool unit according to claim 1, wherein a distal end of the fixing member is in contact with the constricted portion.
The bobbin tool has a first fastener that fastens one end side of the screw pin and the first shoulder, and a second fastener that fastens the other end side of the screw pin and the second shoulder. And
Inside the first shoulder, a first engagement hole extending in the axial direction and having a non-circular cross section is formed.
A second engagement hole extending in the axial direction and having a non-circular cross section is formed in the second shoulder,
The screw pin is
A spiral groove exposed between the first shoulder and the second shoulder;
A first engagement shaft portion formed on one end side and engaged with the first engagement hole;
The rotary tool unit according to claim 1, further comprising: a second engagement shaft portion that is formed on the other end side and engages with the second engagement hole.
The bobbin tool has a first fastener that fastens one end side of the screw pin and the first shoulder, and a second fastener that fastens the other end side of the screw pin and the second shoulder. And
Inside the first shoulder, there are formed a first hole extending in the axial direction and a first screw engagement hole communicating with the first hole from the side surface side of the shoulder,
Inside the second shoulder, there are formed a second hole extending in the axial direction and a second screw engagement cumulative hole communicating with the second hole from the side surface side of the shoulder,
The screw pin is
A spiral groove exposed between the first shoulder and the second shoulder;
A first shaft portion formed on one end side and inserted into the first hole;
A first flat portion formed flat on the outer peripheral surface of the first shaft portion;
A second shaft portion formed on the other end side and inserted into the second hole;
A second flat portion formed flat on the outer peripheral surface of the second shaft portion,
A first locking screw is screwed into the first screw engagement hole from the side of the first shoulder, and the tip of the first locking screw is brought into contact with the first flat portion,
The second locking screw is screwed into the second screw engaging hole from the side surface side of the second shoulder, and the tip of the second locking screw is brought into contact with the second flat portion. The rotary tool unit according to item 1.
2. A concave groove formed in a spiral shape around an axis of the bobbin tool is formed in at least one of the lower surface of the first shoulder and the upper surface of the second shoulder. Rotating tool unit as described in
Using the rotary tool unit according to claim 1, a friction stir welding method for joining a pair of metal plates,
A butting step of butting the end faces of the metal plates;
A joining step of friction stir welding the end faces by moving a screw pin of the bobbin tool rotated to the abutting portion formed by abutting the end faces.
In the joining step, the distance between the first shoulder and the second shoulder is set to be equal to or less than the thickness of the metal plate, the metal plate is deformed by friction stirring, and the position of the metal plate is the axis of the bobbin tool. A friction stir welding method, wherein the bobbin tool moves in the axial direction following the displacement when displaced in the direction.
When the gap between the end faces is set to 1.00 mm or less,
The thickness of the metal plate and the distance between the shoulders are set so that 0.2 mm ≦ {(thickness of the metal plate) − (distance between shoulders)} ≦ 0.8 mm. The friction stir welding method according to claim 7,
When the gap between the end faces is set to be larger than 1.00 mm and not larger than 1.75 mm,
The thickness of the metal plate and the distance between the shoulders are set so that 0.4 mm ≦ {(thickness of the metal plate) − (distance between shoulders)} ≦ 0.8 mm. The friction stir welding method according to claim 7,
A value obtained by dividing a value obtained by squaring the diameter of a surface of the shoulder that contacts the metal plate by a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the screw pin is set to be larger than 2.0. The friction stir welding method according to claim 7.
A value obtained by dividing a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the screw pin by a value obtained by subtracting a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the screw pin from a value obtained by squaring the diameter of a surface of the shoulder that contacts the metal plate is 0. .2 and a value obtained by dividing the square of the outer diameter of the screw pin by the product of the outer diameter of the screw pin and the distance between the shoulders is set to be larger than 1.2. The friction stir welding method according to claim 7, wherein the friction stir welding method is provided.
In the joining step, when the thickness of the metal plate at the abutted portion is different, when the metal plate with the larger thickness of the metal plate is arranged on the left side with respect to the traveling direction of the bobbin tool 8. The friction stir welding method according to claim 7, wherein the bobbin tool is rotated clockwise.
In the joining step, when the thickness of the metal plate at the abutted portion is different, when the metal plate with the larger thickness of the metal plate is arranged on the right side with respect to the traveling direction of the bobbin tool 8. The friction stir welding method according to claim 7, wherein the bobbin tool is rotated counterclockwise.
In the joining step,
After the first shoulder and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and the center in the axial direction of the screw pin and the center in the plate thickness direction of the metal plate are aligned, the end surfaces are butted together. Moved the screw pin of the bobbin tool rotated to the right when viewed from the slide shaft side to the butted portion,
A right-hand spiral groove is formed on the first shoulder side of the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin, and the right-hand spiral groove is 25% or more of the distance between the first shoulder and the second shoulder. The friction stir welding method according to claim 7, wherein the friction stir welding method is formed at a ratio.
15. The friction stirrer according to claim 14, wherein a left-handed spiral groove is formed between an end of the right-handed spiral groove and the second shoulder in the outer peripheral surface. Joining method.
In the joining step,
After the first shoulder and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and the center in the axial direction of the screw pin and the center in the plate thickness direction of the metal plate are aligned, the end surfaces are butted together. The screw pin of the bobbin tool that has been rotated counterclockwise as viewed from the slide shaft side is moved to the abutted portion,
A left-handed spiral groove is formed on the first shoulder side of the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin, and the left-handed spiral groove is formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance between the shoulders. The friction stir welding method according to claim 7, wherein:
17. The friction stirrer according to claim 16, wherein a right-hand spiral groove is formed between an end of the left-hand spiral groove and the second shoulder in the outer peripheral surface. Joining method.
In the joining step,
After the second shoulder and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and the center in the axial direction of the screw pin and the center in the plate thickness direction of the metal plate are aligned, the end surfaces are abutted to each other. Moved the screw pin of the bobbin tool rotated to the right when viewed from the slide shaft side to the butted portion,
A left-handed spiral groove is formed on the second shoulder side of the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin, and the left-handed spiral groove is formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance between the shoulders. The friction stir welding method according to claim 7, wherein:
The friction stirrer according to claim 18, wherein a right-handed spiral groove is formed between an end of the left-handed spiral groove and the first shoulder in the outer peripheral surface. Joining method.
In the joining step,
After the second shoulder and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and the center in the axial direction of the screw pin and the center in the plate thickness direction of the metal plate are aligned, the end surfaces are abutted to each other. The screw pin of the bobbin tool that has been rotated counterclockwise as viewed from the slide shaft side is moved to the abutted portion,
A right-hand spiral groove is formed on the second shoulder side of the outer peripheral surface of the screw pin, and the right-hand spiral groove is formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance between the shoulders. The friction stir welding method according to claim 7, wherein:
21. The friction stirrer according to claim 20, wherein a left-handed spiral groove is formed between an end of the right-handed spiral groove and the first shoulder in the outer peripheral surface. Joining method.
In the said joining process, it joins, cooling the decorative surface side of the said metal plate, Claims Claim 16, Claim 18 or Claim Claim 20 characterized by the above-mentioned. The friction stir welding method according to 1.
An assembly of a pair of double skin panels that are friction stir welded using the rotary tool unit according to claim 1,
The flange formed at the end of the outer skin of one of the double skin panels is engaged with the flange formed at the end of the outer skin of the other double skin panel,
A set of double skin panels, characterized in that an end surface formed at an end portion of the inner plate of one of the double skin panels and an end surface of the inner plate of the other double skin panel are abutted without being engaged with each other. Solid.
Each of the flanges includes a thin part extending from the thick part of the outer plate, and an overhang part that extends continuously in the thickness direction of the thin part,
24. The double skin panel assembly according to claim 23, wherein the pair of overhanging portions are engaged with each other.
An overhanging inclined surface is formed on the side of the overhanging portion of one of the double skin panels,
25. The set of double skin panels according to claim 24, wherein a thick inclined surface that is in surface contact with the protruding inclined surface is formed in the thick portion of the other double skin panel. Solid.
A support plate is interposed between the outer plate and the inner plate,
When the length from the support plate to the end face is c (mm) and the thickness of the thick part is t (mm),
24. The double skin panel assembly according to claim 23, wherein the assembly is set so as to satisfy c ≦ 7.0 × t + 18.5 mm.
Using the rotary tool unit according to claim 1, a friction stir welding method of a double skin panel for friction stir welding the ends of a pair of double skin panels,
One of the double skin panels is engaged with a flange formed at an end of the outer plate of one of the double skin panels and a flange formed at the end of the outer plate of the other double skin panel. A preparation step of abutting the end face formed at the end of the inner plate and the end face of the inner plate of the other double skin panel without engaging with each other;
A friction stir welding method for a double skin panel, comprising: a friction stir welding for the engaging portion and the butted butted portion engaged in the preparation step.
28. The double skin panel friction stir welding method according to claim 27, wherein, in the joining step, the butted portion is joined after joining the engaging portion.